analyzing orissan watershed experiences

8/9/2019 Analyzing Orissan Watershed Experiences

1/25

Odishas Watershed OdysseyOdishas Watershed Odyssey

-- Learning for Future ProcessesLearning for Future Processes

Pranab R ChoudhuryPranab R Choudhury


2/25

yy

PresentationPresentation Odishan Watershed Projects & Experiences

Odishan Platform : Challenges, Contexts

Land Rights & Watershed Development

Thinking Aloud Options

Convergence Contexts

Convergence Tool Boxes

Summarizing Focus


3/25

Watershed Experiences in OrissaWatershed Experiences in Orissa


4/25

Watershed TrajectoryWatershed Trajectory

1990sIWDP (Plains) World Bank. ICDWDP - DANIDAExternal funded

2004-0nwardOTELP (Rights & Empowerment)E-Watershed

2008 Common Guideline?Bio-industrial? PPP? Trigger-watershed?

WORLP (Plus Watersheds )

IWDP, NWDPRA (with focus on Convergence)

Post 1994 Guideline : IWDP, EAS, ACA

NWDPRA

Machhkund, DPAP

Machhkund Project, Hirakud

Programs in Orissa

Post Ninth PlanTool for Rural

Development

Early-2000Sustainable RuralLivelihood

Next Generation?

Late 1990sParticipatory WDP

1980sBrown revolution

1960sIntegrating SWC ridge tovalley

1950sCatchment treatment

PeriodConcerns/

Generations


5/25

OrissaOrissaGWW, Cashew, Sisal & Coffee plantations, CSBKoraputSCMachhkund

Common Guideline- Institution, Integration, CB23 Dist (501 MWS)SC/ BlocksMoRD - IWDP

Field bund plantations, Economic plantations, Contourstone bunding and plantations on hills

Tribal districts.NGO -Consortium

GAA (German AgroAction)

NRM: Cropping system dev, aquaculture, tuberLivelihoods: Plus, micro-enterprise, CLRCInstitution: CB, Strategies

Western Orissa (4districts)

GO-NGODFID WORLP

Enhanced access to NR; food entitlement monitoring; ITK

promotion; comm. empowerment, strengtheningstakeholder Inst.; Pro-tribal dev

Tribal Districts (7)GO-NGOIFAD-DFID-WFP : OTELP

Indo-German WOTR modelKoraputNGOsNABARD

Contour stone bunding, Hedge rows & plantationsKalahandiNGOAction Aid

Diversion weirs, Gully control, Vegetative filter strips,Plantations, Bull castration


6/25

InnovationsInnovations

Size

Nodal Agency - District

PIA

PIA Team

Watershed Level

Mini Watershed DANIDA

Micro-WatershedOne VillageWatershedDepartmentDRDA/ITDA (OTELP)PD (Watershed) - WORLP

Network -Sanjojana

Soil Conservation DepartmentOther Department : FDBlock Development OfficeNGO

Conventional Dept ApproachWDT IWDPWDT & LST WORLP, JeevikaWDT & Village Community Organizer - OTELPWatershed Manager & PoE SanjojanaGO & NGO - ICDWDP

WDC, UG & SHGWDC, VDC, UG & SHG


7/25

Shifting Concerns and priorities

Gradual Evolution Participation, Integration, Institution, Empowerment,

Innovation Livelihoods of poorest and landless

Convergence is the key

Institutional Arrangements Collaborative platforms WORLP, OTELP Cutting edge institutions LST


8/25

Water not marginal commodity unlike Semi-arid tracts Drainage is also as important as harvesting

Recharge is not a major issue (84% of villages have GW at less than 10mdepth & 97% within 15m -MI Census, 2001; GWAR 16%; Replenishable GW

20 BCM)

But LAND is Situation of Rights and access to resources

Topographical features more uplands, higher undulations

Tribal-forest-upland-poverty link

Tribal NRM vis--vis Govt Policy

Smaller Size of Villages (area and population)

Land Rights in Watershed ContextLand Rights in Watershed Context
http://c/WINDOWS/PDF360/Temp/192.168.1.109-DocObj/dfd27cc4a50b4a0a9652d8e0177d5f72/1/Watershed%20land%20rights.ppthttp://c/WINDOWS/PDF360/Temp/192.168.1.109-DocObj/dfd27cc4a50b4a0a9652d8e0177d5f72/1/Watershed%20land%20rights.ppthttp://c/WINDOWS/PDF360/Temp/192.168.1.109-DocObj/dfd27cc4a50b4a0a9652d8e0177d5f72/1/Watershed%20land%20rights.ppt


9/25

WDP for whom? Development Dilemma : Area or Community or Targeted

Priority bias : Elitist, Resource, Discipline, funding, tech

Ensuring Justice & Equity (Temporal & Spatial)

Externalities to WDP Boundary limitation

Resource mgt shift

Changing Access faster alienation!

Gearing up for climatic aberrations more run off Changing political, cultural and development contexts &

priorities

Challenges Challenges


10/25

Investment Rush : Rural Development Employment & RD : NREGA, BRGF

Agriculture : FSM, NHM, RKVY

Water : BKVY, PIM, OCTMP Livelihood Quality : NRHM, WSM

Marketing Mantra : Rural Marketing Target : Billions in the bottom of Pyramid

Examples galore E-choupal to Bio-Village

Micro-finance Destination: Rural Poor

Partnership is the buzz word

ContextContext


11/25

ouou

Concerns,Concerns,

Options &Options &InnovationsInnovations


12/25

ApproachApproach Concerns : Normative

Equity, Effectiveness, Sustainability, Cultural Identity, (Vulnerable)Livelihoods (SL-framework), Gender

Rights based Approach Investing to Alienate or Ensuring Rights

Political context Elite capture of participation, Agency in Social Capital

Small is beautiful Village Watersheds (e.g. Pallisabha)

Implementation (Institutional) framework State-District-Block-Watershed OR State-Basin-Sub-levels-Wshd Institutions at different levels

Convergence Resource Convergence Knowledge Convergence Institution Convergence (at Vill level)


13/25

FrameworkFramework

CBOs (SHG, Fed, Coops,Farmer Groups) byNGO, NABARD etc.

WASSAN, FOREWARDetc.

NABARD-WADI (TDF),NAIP, Basix

Integrated NRM SDTT,NAIP

NGO/Donor/ICAR

Bio-industrialwatersheds inpartnership mode,

Industrial catchmenttreament

WDC, VEC,VWSC, VHC

Institutional

CSR Options, Valueadditions, NTFPmarketing

SGSY, NRPAP,KBK-RLTAP

Livelihoods

CSER Options, CAMPANREGA, BRGF,BKVY, PIM,OCTMP, KBK-RLATP

NRM

CorporateGovt/Bilateral/Multi-lateral


14/25

ContextsContexts Productivity Vs Equity

Agriculture Dev Vs Tribal Dev

Collaborative user-driven Vs Curious Research

Dividing or Bridging Water gaps

Green Vs Blue Water

Slow vs faster pace of land development

Red and Green Technology

New Technologies SRI, Natural/Organic


15/25

Convergence ContextsConvergence Contexts


16/25

TrajectoryTrajectory Single window Block Approach Platform of DWC to dovetail on-going programs while reviewing

and monitoring the watershed plans in meetings Common Guideline 2001 : Involvement of PRIs to convergence of

other programmes of MoRD Viz. JSGSRY, SGSY, IAY, CRSP, RuralDrinking Water Supply etc.

Recommendations to saturate watershed projects on priority basisby ensuring convergence with other Government programmes.Suggestions for reorienting guidelines of SGSY, RMK and other microcredit based programmes for taking up watershed project areas on a

priority basis along with credit linkage with financial institution,insurance agency and reflectance of the watershed credit needs indistrict credit plan

WORLP & OTELP Models 2008 Common Guideline


17/25

Koraput (2004)Koraput (2004)

Block, GP, ITDA, PSAgencies Linked7

ATMA, CIC Grant, CRF, DPEP, EAS, FDR, IAY,IHDP, ITDA, MLA LAD, Nalco Fund, OBB, PHD(RWSS), PMGSY, SGRY, SGSY, Tribal Coffee,Untied Fund, WFP, PMGAY,

Schemes Converged6

Communication, Drinking Water Supply,Education, Irrigation, Plantation, Pisci-culture,

Rural Housing

Sectors converged5

0.0 - 2.28Range of amount spent perwatershed

4

0.12Amount spent per converged work3

4.4 (1.6 19.3)Number of Works converged per

watershed

2

46.2% of convergence amount towatershed fund spent

0.53 (0 2.26 million)Funds mobilized per Watershed1

Rs in MillionsConvergenceSl No

Rs 62.5 million mobilized in 117 WDPs


18/25

ConvergenceConvergence

Easier Said than Done

Leadership of PIA (1.9 m /WDP in Pottangi)

Sectoral Limitation FD, Health limited

Involvement of WAC, Dist & State

Developed Islands!


19/25

ConvergenceConvergence

Tool BoxesTool Boxes


20/25

Tool Box : Appraisal & PlanningTool Box : Appraisal & Planning Appraisal

NRM Net Planning & Land Rights Mapping ; manual GIS (3-D), People-

scientist LCC, joint survey (Rev-FD-WDC-PIA) Hydrological & Vegetation Survey etc.

Livelihood Analysis Mkt-based Tools, VCA, Skill & Institution mapping

Social & Institutional Stakeholder analysis, Institution mapping & analysis

Bottom-up with Top-bottom (GIS based convergence)

Planning Vision approach & LFA Convergence Plan Linking to GP Plan


21/25

Tool Box : Institution OptionsTool Box : Institution Options

Institutional Linkage at Watershed/Village level PRI & Other Committees (Health/Education/Sanitation etc)

Linkage with Others

Res Institution, Govt Dept, Corporate, ServiceCenters

Sub Committee at Watershed Level LL, Women, Vulnerable (SHG/CIG! )

Small and Marginal Farmers (Area Groups!)


22/25

Tool Box : TechnologyTool Box : Technology

Small Holder Options Multi-tier, Food-seed-green banks, bio-prospecting

CPR Options

Bio-based options barriers No closure early return

Compensating losers

(Targeted) Livelihood Promotion


23/25

Tool Box :LivelihoodTool Box :Livelihood

Livelihood Opportunity Analysis Resource/Skill, Enabling Environment, Market,

Project Relevance/Concern

Identifying options through VCA, Institutionalframeworks & Business Plan

Building viable & sustainable linkages CBO SHG Fed, Coop, Producer Company

Linkages with GO, NGO & Corporate


24/25

Summarizing FocusSummarizing Focus

Smaller size Single Village

Focus on WHO Enabling Access to resources by the Poorest

Empowerment of the Marginalized Slow-pace & Low Lost Technology

Space for Innovation

Convergence : Knowledge, Resource & Inst Planning for Externalities & Exit


25/25

Thanks!

analyzing orissan watershed experiences

Documents