analyzing jobs in the tourism sector describing, analyzing and classifying jobs job titles in...
TRANSCRIPT
Analyzing Jobs in the Tourism Sector
• Describing, analyzing and classifying jobs
• Job titles in tourism – a group of positions identical with respect to their significant tasks
• Involves analyzing the work performed, duties and tasks
• Task inventories for tourism jobs
Nesting Terminology
• Occupation (class of job)
• Job (group of positions)
• Position (tasks and duties)
• Duty (large segment of work)
• Task (discrete unit of work)
• Competency (knowledge and skill)
• Competency standard (specification)
Job Structure/Job Trees
Food and Beverage Manager
Restaurant Manager
Head Waiter
Restaurant Captain
Waiter Hostess F&B Cashier
Bar
Tender
Jobs in the Tourism Sector:Occupational Divisions
Jobs in the Tourism Sector:Occupational Divisions?
• Concepts and statistics are immature• Based on Standard Industrial Classification
categories (SIC)• For example the UK occupational divisions:
• hotels and other tourist accommodation• Restaurants, cafes and snack bars• Public houses, bars, night clubs/licensed clubs• Travel agencies and tour operators• Libraries, museums and other cultural activities• Sports and other recreational activities• Self employed?
The ISIC Approach to Occupational Divisions
• International Standard Classification of all Economic Activities (ISIC):
HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS– Hotels, camp sites and short stay accommodation– Restaurants, bars and canteens
TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND COMUNICATIONS– Land transport– Water transport– Air transport– Activities of travel agencies and tour operators
The ISIC Approach
• International Standard Classification of all Economic Activities (ISIC):
RECREATIONAL, CULTURAL AND SPORTING ACTIVITIES
• Entertainment (museums etc, sporting and other recreational activities)
Occupational Divisions in Tourism Satellite Accounts
• Hotels, campsites and other short stay accommodation
• Restaurants, bars and canteens• Travel agents/packagers• Retail trade• Passenger transport• Cultural, attractions and entertainment• Sports facility operators
Jobs in the Tourism Sector:Job Titles
European Vocational Training Approach to Job
Profiles
Hotel Sector• General manager large hotel (190 rooms+)
• General manager medium hotel (45-190 rooms)
• General manager small hotel (less than 45 rooms)
• Front office manager
• Receptionist
• Head housekeeper
• Room attendant
Europe Job Profiles continued
Catering Sector• Food and beverage manager• Head chef• Restaurant manager• Head bar person• Chef• Bar person• Waiter/waitress
Europe Job Profiles continued
Tours and Agencies Sector• General manager (tour operation)
• Technical manager (tour operation)
• Marketing product manager (tour operation)
• Reservations supervisor (tour operation)
• Resort representative
• Agency manager (retail)
• Agency counter clerk (retail)
South Asian Study Job Profiles
Tours and Agencies Sector• Travel agency assistant• Travel agency reservation clerk• Travel agency counter clerk• Travel agency operations assistant• Tour operations assistant• Tour operations representative• Tour operations clerk• Tour operations assistant organizer
South Asian Study continued
Hotel Sector• Front desk clerk
• Receptionist
• Room attendant
• Room maid
• House maid
South Asian Study continued
Catering Sector• Waiter/waitress• Assistant waiter/waitress• Commis waiter/waitress• Assistant cook• Commis cook• Assistant pastry cook• Commis pastry cook• Baker’s assistant• Assistant baker
Association of British Travel Agents Study Approach:
Tour Operation• New entrant
• Junior ticketing clerk
• Reservations clerk
• Ticketing clerk
• Resort representative
• Courier
• Guide
• Reservations supervisor
• Ticketing supervisor
• Contracts officer
• Senior resort representative
• Reservation manager
• Ticketing manager
• Contracts manager
• Resort manager
• Operations manager
Association of British Travel Agents Study Approach: Tour Operation
Travel Agency• New entrant
• Junior travel clerk
• Travel consultant
• Senior travel consultant
• Supervisor
• Assistant branch manger
• Manager
• Branch manager
Business Travel• Travel consultant
• Senior travel consultant
• Travel executive
• Assistant manager
• Manager
• Branch manager
Jobs in the Tourism Sector:Competencies, Standards and
Certification
The Australian Approach
• Internationally competitive workforce• Australian National Training Authority
(ANTA)• Built around Training Packages which
specify the competencies• Industry led• Nationally coordinated National Training
Framework
Tourism Training Australia (TTA)
• Leading national industry training advisory association
• Established 1982 to create an integrated flexible and effective training system for tourism and hospitality
TTA Training Packages
• Nationally endorsed competency standards and qualifications for recognizing and assessing people’s skills
• Training package describes the skills and knowledge needed to reform effectively in the workplace
• Widespread consultation with the tourism and hospitality sector
• Available for all jobs in the sector
National Qualification Framework (NQF)
• The NQF reflects all jobs on the sector
• Six levels– Certificate I to IV– Diploma– Advanced diploma
• Each qualification has a core and a series of electives
Career Path Qualification
Manager (department/SME) Advanced diploma
Unit manager (restaurant) Diploma
Supervisor Certificate IV
Team leader Certificate III
Multi function (F&B attendant) Certificate II
Single function (room attendant)
Certificate I
Tourism Training Australia Competency Standards
• Specific knowledge and skills required for successful performance
• Organized into units with a code and title• Each covers common competencies (e.g.
communication) and sector specific competencies in– Hospitality– Tourism– Caravans
Tourism and Hospitality Competencies
Hospitality
• Common core• Hospitality core• Functional areas• General units
Tourism
• Common core• Tourism core• Functional areas• General units
The ASEAN Approach
• The 11th meeting of the ASEAN taskforce on tourism manpower tabled a set of minimum competency standards within a qualifications framework.– Retail and wholesale travel;– Housekeeping;– Front office; and– Food and beverage service
ASEAN Job Framework:For Example - Housekeeping
• Houseman
• Laundry attendant
• Room attendant
• Order taker
• Supervisor
• Assistant executive housekeeper
• Executive housekeeper
Retail/ Wholesale Competency Standard (example from Indonesia)
QUALIFICATION III IV V VI
SECTION - RETAIL WHOLESALE TRAVEL
PROFESSIONAL TITLE AFFILIATE
CERTIFIED TRAVEL
CONSULTANT (CTC)
CERTIFIED TRAVEL
SUPERVISOR (CTS)
CERTIFIED TRAVEL
MANAGER (CTM)
JUNIOR TICKETING OFFICER
SENIOR TICKETING
TICKETING SUPERVISOR
TICKETING MANAGER
RESERVATION STAFF
TRAVEL CONSULTANT
BRANCH MANAGER
TICKETING ADMINISTRATION
STAFF
TICKETING
LOCAL TERM FOR PROFESSIONAL TITLE
DOMESTIC INTERNATIONAL