analytical equations book - 2012fall

8/18/2019 Analytical Equations Book - 2012Fall

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FALL 2012 EDITION

3120

. .

.


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1

, ,

: ( 1.2 7

)H = 1/

N = ∙ / 2

P = N / 2 = / ( ∙ 2)

J = N ∙ = (2 ∙ ) / 2

W = J / = (2

∙ ) / 3

C = ∙A

V = W / A = (2 ∙ ) / (3 ∙ A)

Ω = V / A = (2

∙ ) / (3

∙ A2

)F = C / V = (4 ∙ A2) / (2 ∙ )

: ( 1.4 7

)1 = 1010 1 = 105 N ()1 = 1 H = 133.322 P1 = 4.184 J ()C = K 273.15 ()

1 = 0.025 4 ()1 = 105 P ()1 = 6 894.76 P1 B = 1 005.06 JF = 1.8(K 273.15) + 32 ()

1 = 0.453 592 37 ()1 = 101 325 P ()1 V = 1.602 176 53 1019 J1 HP = 745.700 W

: = 1.602 176 53 (14) 1019 C

= 4.803 204 40 (42) 1010 = 2.997 924 58 108 /ε0 = 8.854 187 817 10

12 C2 / (N ∙ 2)G = 9.974 2 (10) 1011 3 / (2 ∙ ) = 1.380 650 5 (24) 10 23 J / K

1016 / K = 6.626 069 3 (11) 1034 J ∙

1027 /2π = ħ = 1.054 571 68 (18) 1034 J ∙

1028 ∙

NA = 6.022 141 5 (10) 1

R = 8.314 472 (15) J / ( ∙ K)V ∙ C / ( ∙ K)

102 L ∙ / ( ∙ K) 107 / ( ∙ K)

= 8.205 746 (15) 105 3 ∙ / ( ∙ K) 102 L ∙ / ( ∙ K)

= 1.987 207 (4) / ( ∙ K)F = 9.648 533 83 (83) 104 C / = 9.109 382 6 (16) 10

31 1028

= 1.672 621 70 (29) 1027

1024

: ( .)M. :

= ±√ = + = = ∑ ̅∑ ̅ = −̅ = ∑ ̅ ∑ ̅ ∑ N , NOT 2!

B C:

=

P :+/− → = + + … / → % = % + % + %… = → % = % = log → = ≈ 0.434 29 .

= ln → = = 10 → = ln10 ≈ 2.302 6 = → =


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2

B S:̅ = ∑ ∝, = µ = ∑ ̅ = ∑

∑

= ∑ ̅ = √ = ∑

= ∑ ∑ = ∑ ∑ ∑ = || + ∑ ∑ ̅ = + +

= + : B, G.,G, P., 1999, , 805807. , !

= ∑ ̅∑ ̅…∑ ̅

= ⋯

S : = ̅ ± √ = | ̅ ̅| ( ) = ℎ ℎ

= || (D T ), = ̅ (G T )

Q: = + 3

=

= 10

= T T:∆ = ∆ − ∆ Δ = − = ∆°/ A B: = − + = = =

= +

= + =

=

E: = = = = ° − ln ° = . log @25°


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3

L: = = ℎ

=

=

%

= log = −log = ℓ = = ℓ + ℓ + ⋯ + ℓ

, =

; =

= : = sinθ = sinθ C: = ≈ = − =

=

=

= = = ./

= = = . = √ −

1 ℎ = = = √ 2 =

*

C K

(0.01)K C

K

(0.01)K C

K

(0.01)K

0 14.938 1.15E15 45 13.405 3.94E14 90 12.428 3.73E13

5 14.727 1.87E15 50 13.275 5.31E14 95 12.345 4.52E13

10 14.528 2.96E15 55 13.152 7.05E14 100 12.265 5.43E13

15 14.340 4.57E15 60 13.034 9.25E14 150 11.638 2.30E12

20 14.163 6.87E15 65 12.921 1.20E13 200 11.289 5.14E12

25 13.995 1.01E14 70 12.814 1.53E13 250 11.191 6.44E12

30 13.836 1.46E14 75 12.712 1.94E13 300 11.406 3.93E12

35 13.685 2.07E14 80 12.613 2.44E13 350 12.30 5.0E13

40 13.542 2.87E14 85 12.520 3.02E13 * U , . F , M . E.. @ 25C: (1013.995 /)2 (0.997 05 /L)2 = 1013.998 M(F CRC H C P, 74 .)


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4

O

S75% 80% 85% 90% 95% 97.50% 99% 99.50% 99.75% 99.90% 99.95%

T

S50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 95% 98% 99% 99.50% 99.80% 99.90%

1 1.000 1.376 1.963 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.657 127.321 318.309 636.619

2 0.816 1.061 1.386 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 14.089 22.327 31.599

3 0.765 0.978 1.250 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 7.453 10.215 12.924

4 0.741 0.941 1.190 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 5.598 7.173 8.610

5 0.727 0.920 1.156 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 4.773 5.893 6.869

6 0.718 0.906 1.134 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 4.317 5.208 5.959

7 0.711 0.896 1.119 1.415 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499 4.029 4.785 5.408

8 0.706 0.889 1.108 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355 3.833 4.501 5.041

9 0.703 0.883 1.100 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 3.690 4.297 4.781

10 0.700 0.879 1.093 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 3.581 4.144 4.587

11 0.697 0.876 1.088 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 3.497 4.025 4.43712 0.695 0.873 1.083 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 3.428 3.930 4.318

13 0.694 0.870 1.079 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 3.372 3.852 4.221

14 0.692 0.868 1.076 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 3.326 3.787 4.140

15 0.691 0.866 1.074 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 3.286 3.733 4.073

16 0.690 0.865 1.071 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921 3.252 3.686 4.015

17 0.689 0.863 1.069 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.222 3.646 3.965

18 0.688 0.862 1.067 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.197 3.610 3.922

19 0.688 0.861 1.066 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3.174 3.579 3.883

20 0.687 0.860 1.064 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.153 3.552 3.850

21 0.686 0.859 1.063 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 3.135 3.527 3.819

22 0.686 0.858 1.061 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 3.119 3.505 3.792

23 0.685 0.858 1.060 1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 3.104 3.485 3.768

24 0.685 0.857 1.059 1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.091 3.467 3.745

25 0.684 0.856 1.058 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 3.078 3.450 3.725

26 0.684 0.856 1.058 1.315 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779 3.067 3.435 3.707

27 0.684 0.855 1.057 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 3.057 3.421 3.690

28 0.683 0.855 1.056 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 3.047 3.408 3.674

29 0.683 0.854 1.055 1.311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756 3.038 3.396 3.659

30 0.683 0.854 1.055 1.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750 3.030 3.385 3.646

40 0.681 0.851 1.050 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 2.971 3.307 3.551

50 0.679 0.849 1.047 1.299 1.676 2.009 2.403 2.678 2.937 3.261 3.49660 0.679 0.848 1.045 1.296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 2.915 3.232 3.460

80 0.678 0.846 1.043 1.292 1.664 1.990 2.374 2.639 2.887 3.195 3.416

100 0.677 0.845 1.042 1.290 1.660 1.984 2.364 2.626 2.871 3.174 3.390

120 0.677 0.845 1.041 1.289 1.658 1.980 2.358 2.617 2.860 3.160 3.373

∞ 0.674 0.842 1.036 1.282 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576 2.807 3.090 3.291

D F ( 1 )

C E2010 =T.INV(DF,%)


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5

, 95%

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 100 ∞

2 19.00 19.16 19.25 19.30 19.33 19.35 19.37 19.38 19.40 19.45 19.46 19.47 19.48 19.49 19.50

3 9.55 9.28 9.12 9.01 8.94 8.89 8.85 8.81 8.79 8.66 8.62 8.59 8.58 8.55 8.53

4 6.94 6.59 6.39 6.26 6.16 6.09 6.04 6.00 5.96 5.80 5.75 5.72 5.70 5.66 5.63

5 5.79 5.41 5.19 5.05 4.95 4.88 4.82 4.77 4.74 4.56 4.50 4.46 4.44 4.41 4.37

6 5.14 4.76 4.53 4.39 4.28 4.21 4.15 4.10 4.06 3.87 3.81 3.77 3.75 3.71 3.67

7 4.74 4.35 4.12 3.97 3.87 3.79 3.73 3.68 3.64 3.44 3.38 3.34 3.32 3.27 3.23

8 4.46 4.07 3.84 3.69 3.58 3.50 3.44 3.39 3.35 3.15 3.08 3.04 3.02 2.97 2.93

9 4.26 3.86 3.63 3.48 3.37 3.29 3.23 3.18 3.14 2.94 2.86 2.83 2.80 2.76 2.71

10 4.10 3.71 3.48 3.33 3.22 3.14 3.07 3.02 2.98 2.77 2.70 2.66 2.64 2.59 2.54

20 3.49 3.10 2.87 2.71 2.60 2.51 2.45 2.39 2.35 2.12 2.04 1.99 1.97 1.91 1.84

30 3.32 2.92 2.69 2.53 2.42 2.33 2.27 2.21 2.16 1.93 1.84 1.79 1.76 1.70 1.62

40 3.23 2.84 2.61 2.45 2.34 2.25 2.18 2.12 2.08 1.84 1.74 1.69 1.66 1.59 1.51

50 3.18 2.79 2.56 2.40 2.29 2.20 2.13 2.07 2.03 1.78 1.69 1.63 1.60 1.52 1.44100 3.09 2.70 2.46 2.31 2.19 2.10 2.03 1.97 1.93 1.68 1.57 1.52 1.48 1.39 1.28

∞ 3.00 2.60 2.37 2.21 2.10 2.01 1.94 1.88 1.83 1.57 1.46 1.39 1.35 1.24 1.00

DF (L V)

D F ( S V )

, 99%

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 100 ∞

2 99.00 99.17 99.25 99.30 99.33 99.36 99.37 99.39 99.40 99.45 99.47 99.47 99.48 99.49 99.50

3 30.82 29.46 28.71 28.24 27.91 27.67 27.49 27.35 27.23 26.69 26.50 26.41 26.35 26.24 26.13

4 18.00 16.69 15.98 15.52 15.21 14.98 14.80 14.66 14.55 14.02 13.84 13.75 13.69 13.58 13.46

5 13.27 12.06 11.39 10.97 10.67 10.46 10.29 10.16 10.05 9.55 9.38 9.29 9.24 9.13 9.02

6 10.92 9.78 9.15 8.75 8.47 8.26 8.10 7.98 7.87 7.40 7.23 7.14 7.09 6.99 6.887 9.55 8.45 7.85 7.46 7.19 6.99 6.84 6.72 6.62 6.16 5.99 5.91 5.86 5.75 5.65

8 8.65 7.59 7.01 6.63 6.37 6.18 6.03 5.91 5.81 5.36 5.20 5.12 5.07 4.96 4.86

9 8.02 6.99 6.42 6.06 5.80 5.61 5.47 5.35 5.26 4.81 4.65 4.57 4.52 4.41 4.31

10 7.56 6.55 5.99 5.64 5.39 5.20 5.06 4.94 4.85 4.41 4.25 4.17 4.12 4.01 3.91

20 5.85 4.94 4.43 4.10 3.87 3.70 3.56 3.46 3.37 2.94 2.78 2.69 2.64 2.54 2.42

30 5.39 4.51 4.02 3.70 3.47 3.30 3.17 3.07 2.98 2.55 2.39 2.30 2.25 2.13 2.01

40 5.18 4.31 3.83 3.51 3.29 3.12 2.99 2.89 2.80 2.37 2.20 2.11 2.06 1.94 1.80

50 5.06 4.20 3.72 3.41 3.19 3.02 2.89 2.78 2.70 2.27 2.10 2.01 1.95 1.82 1.68

100 4.82 3.98 3.51 3.21 2.99 2.82 2.69 2.59 2.50 2.07 1.89 1.80 1.74 1.60 1.43

∞ 4.61 3.78 3.32 3.02 2.80 2.64 2.51 2.41 2.32 1.88 1.70 1.59 1.52 1.36 1.00

DF (L V)

D F ( S V )

C E2010 =F.INV(%,DF1,DF2)


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6

80% 90% 95% 96% 98% 99%

3 0.886 0.941 0.970 0.976 0.988 0.994

4 0.679 0.765 0.829 0.846 0.889 0.926

5 0.557 0.642 0.710 0.729 0.780 0.821

6 0.482 0.560 0.625 0.644 0.698 0.740

7 0.434 0.507 0.568 0.586 0.637 0.680

8 0.399 0.468 0.526 0.543 0.590 0.634

9 0.370 0.437 0.493 0.510 0.555 0.598

10 0.349 0.412 0.466 0.483 0.527 0.568

11 0.332 0.392 0.444 0.460 0.502 0.542

12 0.318 0.376 0.426 0.441 0.482 0.522

13 0.305 0.361 0.410 0.425 0.465 0.503

14 0.294 0.349 0.396 0.411 0.450 0.488

15 0.285 0.338 0.384 0.399 0.438 0.47516 0.277 0.329 0.374 0.388 0.426 0.463

17 0.269 0.320 0.365 0.379 0.416 0.452

18 0.263 0.313 0.356 0.370 0.407 0.442

19 0.258 0.306 0.349 0.363 0.398 0.433

20 0.252 0.300 0.342 0.356 0.391 0.425

21 0.247 0.295 0.337 0.350 0.384 0.418

22 0.242 0.290 0.331 0.344 0.378 0.411

23 0.238 0.285 0.326 0.338 0.372 0.404

24 0.234 0.281 0.321 0.333 0.367 0.399

25 0.230 0.277 0.317 0.329 0.362 0.393

26 0.227 0.273 0.312 0.324 0.357 0.388

27 0.224 0.269 0.308 0.320 0.353 0.384

28 0.220 0.266 0.305 0.316 0.349 0.380

29 0.218 0.263 0.301 0.312 0.345 0.376

30 0.215 0.260 0.298 0.309 0.341 0.372

C L

F A. C., V. 63, N. 2, J. 15, 1991

95% 97.5% 99%

3 1.15 1.15 1.15

4 1.46 1.48 1.49

5 1.67 1.71 1.75

6 1.82 1.89 1.94

7 1.94 2.02 2.10

8 2.03 2.13 2.22

9 2.11 2.21 2.32

10 2.18 2.29 2.41

12 2.29 2.41 2.55

14 2.37 2.51 2.66

16 2.44 2.59 2.75

18 2.50 2.65 2.82

20 2.56 2.71 2.8830 2.75 2.91 3.10

F : V. B, T.L, O S D, 3 , W S P M S, 1995


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7

A(OH)3 () 3 10

34 (0.5 M) B(BO3)2 7.8 10

6

BCO3 5.0 109

BCO4 2.1 1010

BF2 1.5 106

(20C) BHPO4 (Ý B2+ + HPO4

2) 1.7 106

B(OH)2.8H2O 3 104

B(IO3)2 1.57 109

(20C, 0.1 M) BC2O4 1 106

BSO4 1.1 1010

CCO3 1.8 1014

C2F(CN)6 8.5 1045

C(OH)2 () 4.5 1015

CC2O4 9 108

CS 1 1027

C(IO3)2 2.3 108

CCO3 () 4.5 109

CCO3 () 6.0 109

CF2 3.9 1011

CHPO4.2H2O (Ý C2+ + HPO4

2) 2.6 107

C(OH)2 6.5 106

C(IO3)2 7.1 107

CC2O4.H2O 1.7 109

(20C, 0.1 M) CC2O4 1.3 108

C3(PO4)2 1 1026

CSO4 2.4 105

(I) C2S 3 10

49

(III) C(OH)3 6 1022

(III) C(IO3)3 1.4 1011

(III) (0.1 M) C(OH)3 1.6 1030

(III) (0.5 M) C(IO3)3 5 106

(II) CCO3 1.0 1010

(II) C(OH)2 1.3 1015

(II) CS () 5 1022 (II) CS () 3 1026 (III) (19C) C(OH)3 3 10

45 (I) CN3 4.9 10

9 (I) CB 5 109

(I) CC 1.9 107 (I) CI 1 1012

(I) C2O (Ý 2C+ + 2OH) 4 1030

(I) C2O 2 1015

(I) (5 M) CSCN 4.0 1014 (II) CCO3 2.3 10

10

(II) CCO4 2.1 1010

(II) C(OH)2 4.8 1020

(II) CS 8 1037 G(OH)3 () 10

37 (1 M) GPO4 1 10

21

(III) A(OH)3 3 106


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8

I(OH)3 1.3 1037

(1 M) IPO4 2.3 1022

I2S3 4 1070

(II) FCO3 2.1 1011

(II) F(OH)2 7.9 1016

(II) F3(PO

4)

2.8H

2O 1 1036

(II) FS 8 1019 (III) F(OH)3 1.6 10

39 (III) FPO4.2H2O 4 10

27 L2(CO3)3 4.0 10

34

LF3 2 1019

L(OH)3 2 1021

L(IO3)3 1.0 1011

(20C, 0.1 M) L2(C2O4)3 1 1025

(0.5 M) LPO4 3.7 1023

(II) P(BO3)2 7.9 106

(II) PB2 2.1 106

(II) PCO3 7.4 1014 (II) PC2 1.7 10

5 (II) PCO4 3 10

13 (II) P2F(CN)6 8.5 10

45

(II) PF2 3.6 108

(II) P(IO3)2 2.5 1013

(II) PI2 7.9 109

(II) PC2O4 8.5 109

(II) PO () (Ý P2+ + 2OH) 8 1016

(II) PO () (Ý P2+ + 2OH) 5 1016

(II) P3(PO4)2 3.0 1044

(II) PSO4 6.3 107(II) PS 3 1028 LF 1.7 103

MNH4PO4 3 1013

MCO3 3.5 108

M(OH)2 7.1 1012

MF2 7.4 109

MHPO4.3H2O (Ý M2+ + HPO4

2) 1.7 106

M(OH)2 () 6 1010

M(OH)2 ( ) 7.1 1012

(II) MCO3 5.0 1010

(II) M(OH)2 1.6 1013

MS () 3 1011 MS () 3 1014 (HCH3)I 3.5 10

12 (HCH3CH2)I 7.8 10

5 (H2)3(C(CN)6)2 3.9 10

26 (I) H2(N3)2 7.1 10

10 (I) H2B2 5.6 10

23

(I) H2CO3 8.9 1017

(I) H2C2 1.2 1018

(I) H2CO4 2.1 1010

(I) H2(CN)2 5 10

40


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9

(I) H2HPO4 (Ý H22+ + HPO4

2) 4.0 1013

(I) H2(IO3)2 1.3 1018

(I) H2I2 4.6 1029

(I) H2SO4 7.4 107

(I) H2(SCN)2 2.8 1020

(II) (0.5 M) HB2 1.3 10

19

(II) HO () (Ý H2+ + 2OH) 3.6 1026

(II) HS () 2 1053 (II) HS () 5 1054 (II) NCO3 1.3 10

7

(II) N(OH)2 6 1016

NS () 4 1020 NS () 1.3 1025 NS () 3 1027 (II) P(N3)2() 4.9 10

9

(II) P(OH)2 3 1029

RSO4 4.3 1011

A3AO4 6 1023

AN3 2.8 109

ABO3 5.5 105

AB 5.0 1013 A2CO3 8.1 10

12

AC 1.82 1010 A2CO4 2.1 10

10

A3C(CN)6 3.9 1026

ACN 2.2 1016 A4F(CN)6 8.5 10

45

AIO3 3.1 108

AI 8.3 1017 A2C2O4 3.5 10

11

A2O (Ý 2A+ + 2OH) 3.8 1016

A3PO4 2.8 1018

A2SO4 1.5 105

A2S 8 1051

ASCN 1.1 1012 SCO3 9.3 10

10 SF2 2.6 10

9

(20C) SHPO4 (Ý S2+ + HPO4

2) 1.7 106

S(IO3)2 3.3 107

SC2O4 5 108 (20C, 0.1 M) SC2O4 4 10

7 SSO4 3.2 10

7 (I) TN3 2.2 10

4

(I) TBO3 1.7 104

(I) TB 3.6 106

(I) TC 1.8 104 (I) T2CO4 2.1 10

10

(I) TIO3 3.1 106

(I) TI 5.9 108 (I) T2S 6 10

22

(I) TSCN 1.6 104


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10

TF4 5 1029

(0.5 M) T(IO3)4 2.4 1015

(1 M) T(C2O4)2 4.2 1022

(II) (4 M) SI2 8.3 106

(II) SO (Ý S2+ + 2OH) 6 1027

(II) SS 1.3 10

26

(IV) UO2 (Ý U

4+ + 4OH) 6 1057

UO2(OH)2 (Ý UO22+ + 2OH) 4 1023

(0.2 M) UO2(IO3)2 (Ý UO22+ + 2IO3

) 9.8 108

(20C, 0.1 M) UO2C2O4 (Ý UO22+ + C2O4

2) 2.2 109

(III) V(OH)3 4.0 1035

(V) () VO(OH)2 (Ý VO2+ + 2OH) 3 1024

(VO)3(PO4)2 (Ý 3VO2+ + 2PO4

3) 8 1026

Y2(CO3)3 2.5 1031

Y(OH)3 6 1024

Y(IO3)3 7.1 1011

ZCO3 1.0 1010

Z2F(CN)6 8.5 1045

Z(OH)2 3.0 1016

Z(IO3)2 3.9 106

ZC2O4 8 109

Z3(PO4)2.4H2O 5 1036

ZS () 2 1025 ZS () 3 1023 F H, 7 E., C, 6 E., S/W/H, 7 E.

1 2 3

CH3CO2H 1.75 105

NH4+ 5.70 1010

C6H5NH3+ 2.51 105

H3AO4 5.8 103 1.1 107 3.2 1012

H3AO3 5.1 1010

C6H5CO2H 6.28 105

H3BO3 5.81 1010

CH3CH2CH2CO2H 1.52 105

H2CO3 4.45 107 4.69 1011

CCH2CO2H 1.36 103 C3H5O(CO2H)3 7.45 10

4 1.73 105 4.02 107 (CH3)2NH2

+ 1.68 1011 HOCH2CH2NH3

+ 3.18 1010 CH3CH2NH3

+ 2.31 1011 +NH3CH2CH2NH3

+ 1.42 107 1.18 1010 EDTA C6H12N2(CO2H)4 1.0 10

2 2.1 103 6.9 107 (K4 = 5.5 10

11)

HCO2H 1.80 104

C2H2(CO2H)2 8.85 104 3.21 105

HOCH2CO2H 1.47 104

H2NNH3+

1.05 108


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11

1 2 3

HN3 2.2 105

HCN 6.2 1010 HF 6.8 104 H2O2 2.2 10

12

H2S 9.6 108

1.3 1014

HONH3

+ 1.10 106 HCO 3.0 108 HIO3 0.17 CH3CHOHCO2H 1.38 10

4 C2H2(CO2H)2 1.3 10

2 5.9 107 CH2CHOH(CO2H)2 3.48 10

4 8.00 106 HO2CCH2CO2H 1.42 10

3 2.01 106 C6H5CHOHCO2H 4.0 10

4 CH3NH3

+ 2.3 1011 HNO2 7.1 10

4

H2C2O4 0.0560 5.42 10

5

H5IO6 0.02 5 109

C6H5OH 1.00 1010

H3PO4 7.11 103 6.32 108 4.5 1013

H3PO3 0.03 1.62 107

() C6H4(CO2H)2 1.12 103 3.91 106

(NO2)3C6H2OH 0.43 C5H11NH

+ 7.50 1012 CH3CH2CO2H 1.34 10

5 C5H5NH

+ 5.90 106 CH3COCO2H 3.2 10

3 C6H4(OH)CO2H 1.06 10

3

C2H4(CO2H)2 6.21 105 2.31 106 H2NSO3H 0.103 H2SO4 1.02 10

2 H2SO3 1.23 10

2 6.6 108 (CHOH)2(CO2H)2 9.20 10

4 4.31 105 HSCN 0.13 H2S2O3 0.3 2.5 10

2 C3CCO2H 3 (CH3)3NH

+ 1.58 1010

A 4.47103

1.351010

A 9.77103 9.121010 3.311013 A 9.55103 1.58109 A A 7.94103 1.511010 1.38104 C 8.91103 5.621011 1.00108 G A 7.94103 3.391010 8.51105 G 6.76103 7.411010 G 4.47103 1.661010 H 1.70102 6.611010 7.94107 I 4.79103 1.741010 L 4.68103 1.821010 L 6.61103 1.12109 2.951011 M 5.25103 6.171010


13/24

12

P 2.63103 5.751010 P 1.00102 2.511011 S 6.17103 7.081010 T 8.13103 7.941010 T 4.17103 4.071010 T 6.31103 7.761010 8.511011 V 5.13103 1.911010

/

0.01.6 0.21.8 0.21.8 1.0 / 1.2 2.8 1.65 1.22.8 1.51

, 2.23.6 2.9 4.0 3.1 4.4 3.46 3.05.0 3.04.6 4.10 3.44.8 4.34 3.8 5.4 4.66 4.8 6.0 5.00 4.86.4 6.25 5.2 6.8 6.12 5.67.6 5.08.0

6.0 7.6 7.10 6.4 8.0 7.81 6.88.0 7.28.8 8.46 α 7.3 8.7 7.6 9.2 8.32 8.0 9.6 8.90 8.0 9.6 9.5 8.3 10.5 9.7 GG 10.1 12.0 11.0 R 10.1 12.0

10.813.0 O 11.112.7


14/24

13

()

A A3+ + 3 Ý A() 1.677

AC2+ + 3 Ý A() + C 1.802

AF63 + 3 Ý A() + 6 F 2.069

A(OH)4 + 3 Ý A() + 4 OH 2.328

A S2O5() + 6 H+ + 4 Ý 2 SO+ + 3 H2O 0.581

SO+ + 2 H+ + 3 Ý S() + H2O 0.208

S2O3() + 6 H+ + 6 Ý 2 S() + 3 H2O 0.147

S() + 3 H+ + 3 Ý SH3() 0.510

A H3AO4() + 2 H+ + 2 Ý H3AO3() + H2O 0.575

H3AO3() + 3 H+ + 3 Ý A() + 3 H2O 0.2475

A() + 3 H+ + 3 Ý AH3() 0.238

B B2+ + 2 + H Ý B()( H) 1.717

B2+ + 2 Ý B() 2.906B B2+ + 2 Ý B() 1.968

B BO+ + 2 H+ + 3 Ý B() + H2O 0.320

B3+ + 3 Ý B() 0.308

BC4 + 3 Ý B() + 4 C 0.16

BOC() = 2 H+ + 3 Ý B() + H2O + C 0.160

B 2 B() + 6 H+ + 6 Ý B2H6() 0.150

B4O72 + 14 H+ + 12 Ý 4 B() + 7 H2O 0.792

B(OH)3 + 3 H+ + 3 Ý B() + 3 H2O 0.889

B BO4 + 2 H+ + 2 Ý BO3

+ H2O 1.745

HOB + H+ + Ý B2(ℓ) + H2O 1.584

BO3 + 6 H+ + 5 Ý B2(ℓ) + 3 H2O 1.513

BO3 + 6 H+ + 6 Ý B + 3 H2O 1.44

B2() + 2 Ý 2 B 1.098

B2(ℓ) + 2 Ý 2 B 1.078

B3 + 2 Ý 3 B 1.062

BO + H2O + 2 Ý B + 2 OH 0.766

BO3 + 3 H2O + 6

Ý B + 6 OH 0.613

C C2+ + 2 Ý C( H) 0.352

C2+

+ 2

Ý C() 0.402C(C2O4)() + 2

Ý C() + C2O42 0.522

C(C2O4)22+ + 2 Ý C() + 2 C2O4

2 0.572

C(NH3)42+ + 2 Ý C() + 4 NH3 0.613

CS() + 2 Ý C() + S2 1.175

C C() + 2 H+ + 2 Ý CH2() 0.776

C2+ + 2 + H Ý C()( H) 2.003

C2+ + 2 Ý C() 2.868

C()+ + 2 Ý C() + 2.891

CSO4() + 2 Ý C() + SO4

2 2.936

C()() + 2 Ý C() + 2 3.608


15/24

14

()

C C2H2() + 2 H+ + 2 Ý C2H4() 0.731

C6H4O2 () + 2 H+ + 2 Ý C6H6O2 () 0.700

CH3OH(ℓ) + 2 H+ + 2 Ý CH4() + H2O 0.583

D + 2 H+ + 2 Ý A + H2O 0.390

(CN)2() + 2 H+ + 2 Ý 2 HCN() 0.373

H2CO + 2 H+ + 2 Ý CH3OH 0.237

C() + 4 H+ 4 Ý CH4() 0.1315

HCO2H + 2 H+ + 2 Ý H2CO + H2O 0.029

CO2() + 2 H+ + 2 Ý CO() + H2O 0.1038

CO2() + 2 H+ + 2 Ý HCO2H 0.114

2 CO2() + 2 H+ + 2 Ý H2C2O4 0.432

C C4+ + Ý C3+ 1.72

C4+ + Ý C3+ (1F HCO4) 1.70

C4+

+

Ý

C3+

(1F H2SO4) 1.44C4+ + Ý C3+ (1F HNO3) 1.61

C4+ + Ý C3+ (1F HC) 1.28

C3+ + 3 Ý C() 2.336

C C+ + +H Ý C()( H) 1.950

C+ + Ý C() 3.026

C HCO2 + 2 H+ + 2 Ý HOC + H2O 1.674

HCO + H+ + Ý C2() + H2O 1.630

CO3 + 6 H+ + 5 Ý C2() + 3 H2O 1.458

C2() + 2 Ý 2 C 1.396

C2() + 2 Ý 2 C 1.3604CO4

+ 2 H+ + 2 Ý CO3 + H2O 1.226

CO3 + 3 H+ + 2 Ý HCO2

+ H2O 1.157

CO3 + 2 H+ + Ý CO2 + H2O 1.130

CO2 + Ý CO2

1.068

C C2O72 + 14 H+ + 6 Ý 2 C3+ + 7 H2O 1.36

CO42 + 4 H2O + 3

Ý C(OH)3(, ) + 5 OH 0.12

C3+ + Ý C2+ 0.42

C3+ + 3 Ý C() 0.74

C

2+

+ 2

Ý

C() 0.89C C3+ + Ý C2+ 1.92

C3+ + Ý C2+ (4 F HNO3) 1.850

C3+ + Ý C2+ (8 F H2SO4) 1.817

C(NH3)5(H2O)3+ + Ý C(NH3)5(H2O)

2+ (1 F NH4NO3) 0.37

C(NH3)63+ + Ý C(NH3)6

2+ 0.1

COH+ + H+ + 2 Ý C() + H2O 0.003

C2+ + 2 Ý C() 0.282

C(OH)2() + 2 Ý C() + 2 OH 0.746

C C+ + Ý C() 0.518

C2+ + 2 Ý C() 0.339


16/24

15

()

C () C2+ + Ý C+ 0.161

CC() + Ý C() + C 0.137

C2+ + I + Ý CI() 0.86

C(IO3)2() + 2 Ý C() + C 0.079

C()2+ + Ý C() + 2 0.119

CI() + Ý C() + I 0.185

C(EDTA)2 + 2 Ý C() + EDTA4 0.216

C(OH)2() + 2 Ý C() + 2 OH 0.222

C(CN)2 + Ý C() + 2 CN 0.429

C(CN) + Ý C() + CN 0.639

D D3+ + 3 Ý D() 2.295

E E3+ + 3 Ý E() 2.331

E E3+ + Ý E2+ 0.35

E3+

+ 3

Ý

E() 1.991E2+ + 2 Ý E() 2.812

F F2() + 2 H+ + 2 Ý 2 HF() 3.06

F2() + 2 Ý 2 F 2.890

F2O() + 2 H+ + 4 Ý 2 F + H2O 2.168

G G3+ + 3 Ý G() 2.279

G G3+ + 3 Ý G() 0.549

GOOH() + H2O + 3 Ý G() + 3 OH 1.320

G G2+ + 2 Ý G() 0.1

H4GO4 + 4 H+ + 4 Ý G() + 4 H2O 0.039

G A+ + Ý A() 1.69A3+ + 2 Ý A+ 1.41

AC2 + Ý A() + 2 C 1.154

AC4 + 2 Ý AC2

+ 2 C 0.926

H H 4+ + 4 Ý H() 1.55

HO2() + 4 H+ + 4 Ý H() + 2 H2O 1.591

H H3+ + 3 Ý H() 2.33

H 2 H+ + 2 Ý H2() 0.000

2 H+ + 2 Ý H2() (1M HC HCO4) 0.005

H2O +

Ý

H2() + OH

0.8280I I3+ + 3 + H Ý I( H) 0.313

I3+ + 3 Ý I() 0.338

I3+ + 2 Ý I+ 0.444

I(OH)3() + 3 Ý I() + 3 OH 0.99

I IO4 + 2 H+ + 2 Ý IO3

+ H2O 1.589

H5IO6 + 2 H+ + 2 Ý HIO3 + 3 H2O 1.567

HOI + H+ + Ý I2() + H2O 1.430

IC3() + 3 Ý I2() + 3 C

1.28

IO3 + 2 C + 6 H+ + 4 Ý IC2

+ 3 H2O 1.24

IC() + Ý I2() + C 1.22


17/24

16

()

I () IO3 + 6 H+ + 5 Ý I2() + 3 H2O 1.210

IO3 + 5 H+ + 4 Ý HOI + 2 H2O 1.154

IC2 + Ý I2() + C

1.056

I2() + 2 Ý 2 I 0.620

I2() + 2 Ý 2 I 0.535

I3 + 2 Ý 3 I 0.535

IO3 + 3 H2O + 6

Ý I + 6 OH 0.269

I IC62 + Ý IC6

3 (1 F HC) 1.026

IB62 + Ý IB6

3 (2 F NB) 0.947

IC62 + 4 Ý I() + 6 C 0.835

IO2() + 4 H+ + 4 Ý I() + 2 H2O 0.73

II62 + Ý II6

3 (1 F KI) 0.485

I F()33+ + Ý F()3

2+ 1.147

F()33+

+

Ý

F()32+

1.120FOH2+ + H+ + Ý F2+ + H2O 0.900

FO42 + 3 H2O + 3

Ý FOOH() + 5 OH 0.80

F3+ + Ý F2+ 0.771

F3+ + Ý F2+ (1 N HC) 0.732

F3+ + Ý F2+ (1 N HCO4) 0.767

F3+ + Ý F2+ (1 N HNO3) 0.746

F3+ + Ý F2+ (1 N H2SO4) 0.68

FOOH() + 3 H+ + Ý F2+ + 2 H2O 0.74

F+ + Ý 0.400

F(CN)63 + Ý F(CN)64 (1M HCO4 H2SO4) 0.72F(CN)6

3 + Ý F(CN)64 (1M HC) 0.71

F(CN)63 + Ý F(CN)6

4 0.356

F()3+ + Ý F()2+ 0.240

FOH+ + H+ + 2 Ý F() + H2O 0.16

F2+ + 2 Ý F() 0.44

FCO3() + 2 Ý F() + CO3

2 0.756

L L3+ + 3 Ý L() 2.379

L()+ + 3 Ý L() + 2 2.601

L P

4+

+ 2

Ý

P

2+

(1 N HNO3) 1.69PO2() + 4 H+ + SO4

2 + 2 Ý PSO4() + 2 H2O 1.685

PO2() + 4 H+ + 2 Ý P2+ + 2 H2O 1.458

3 PO2() + 2 H2O + 4 Ý P3O4() + 4 OH

0.269

P3O4() + H2O + 2 Ý 3PO(, ) + 2 OH 0.224

P3O4() + H2O + 2 Ý 3PO(, ) + 2 OH 0.207

P2+ + 2 Ý P() 0.126

P2+ + 2 Ý P() (1 N HCO4) 0.14

P2+ + 2 Ý P() (1 N H2SO4) 0.29

PF2() + 2 Ý P() + 2 F 0.350

PSO4() + 2 Ý P() + SO42 0.355


18/24

17

()

L L+ + + H Ý L( H) 2.195

L+ + Ý L() 3.040

L L3+ + 3 Ý L() 2.28

M M2+ + 2 + H Ý M( H) 1.980

M(OH)+ + H+ + 2 Ý M() + H2O 2.022

M2+ + 2 Ý M() 2.360

M(C2O4)() + 2 Ý M() + C2O4

2 2.493

M(OH)2() + 2 Ý M() + 2 OH 2.690

M MO4 + 4 H+ + 3 Ý MO2() + 2 H2O 1.692

M3+ + Ý M2+ 1.56

M3+ + Ý M2+ (7.5 M H2SO4) 1.51

MO4 + 8 H+ + 5 Ý M2+ + 4 H2O 1.507

M2O3() + 6 H+ + 2 Ý 2 M2+ + 3 H2O 1.485

MO2() + 4 H+

+ 2

Ý

M2+

+ 2 H2O 1.230M(EDTA) + Ý M(EDTA)2 0.825

MO4 + Ý MO4

2 0.56

3 M2O3() + H2O + 2 Ý 2 M3O4() + 2 OH

0.002

M3O4() + 4 H2O + 2 Ý 3 M(OH)2() + 2 OH

0.352

M2+ + 2 Ý M() 1.182

M(OH)2() + 2 Ý M() + 2 OH 1.565

M 2 H2+ + 2 Ý H22+ 0.908

2 H2+ + 2 Ý H22+ (1M HCO4) 0.907

H2+ + 2 Ý H(l ) 0.852

H22+ + 2 Ý 2 H(l ) 0.796H2

2+ + 2 Ý 2 H(l ) (1M HCO4) 0.776

H22+ + 2 Ý 2 H(l ) (1M H2SO4) 0.674

H22+ + 2 Ý 2 H(l ) (1M HC) 0.274

H2SO4() + 2 Ý 2 H(l ) + SO4

2 0.614

H2C2() + 2 Ý 2 H(l ) + 2 C 0.268

H2C2() + 2 Ý 2 H(l ) + 2 C (0.1M KC) 0.334

H2C2() + 2 Ý 2 H(l ) + 2 C (1M KC) 0.282

H2C2() + 2 Ý 2 H(l ) + 2 C (S KC, SCE) 0.241

M H(OH)3

+ 2

Ý

H(l

) + 3 OH

0.236H(OH)2 + 2 Ý H(l ) + 2 OH 0.206

H2B2() + 2 Ý H(l ) + 2 OH 0.140

HO(, ) + H2O + 2 Ý H(l ) + 2 OH 0.0983

HO(, ) + H2O + 2 Ý H(l ) + 2 OH 0.0977

M MO42 + 2 H2O + 2

Ý MO2() + 4 OH 0.818

MO42 + 4 H2O + 6

Ý M() + 8 OH 0.926

MO2() + 2 H2O + 4 Ý M() + 4 OH 0.980

N N3+ + 3 Ý N() 2.323

N NO3+ + 2 H+ + Ý NO2

2+ + H2O 2.04

NO22+ + Ý NO2+ 1.236


19/24

18

()

N () NO22+ + 4 H+ + Ý N4+ + 2 H2O 0.567

N4+ + Ý N3+ 0.157

N3+ + 3 Ý N() 1.768

N N(OH)3() + 3 H+ + Ý N2+ + 3 H2O 2.08

NOOH() + 3 H+ + Ý N2+ + 2 H2O 2.05

N2+ + 2 Ý N() 0.236

N(CN)42 + Ý N(CN)3

2 + CN 0.401

N(OH)2() + 2 Ý N() + 2 OH 0.714

N N2O5() + H+ + Ý NO2() + H2O 0.248

N2O5() + 5 H+ + 5 Ý N() + 52 H2O 0.601

NO2() + 2 H+ + 2 Ý NO() + H2O 0.646

NO2() + 4 H+ + 4 Ý N() + 2 H2O 0.690

N HN3 + 3 H+ + 2 Ý N2() + NH4

+ 2.079

N2O() + 2 H+

+ 2

Ý N2() + H2O 1.7692 NO() + 2 H+ + 2 Ý N2O() + H2O 1.587

NO+ + Ý NO() 1.46

2 NH3OH+ + H+ + 2 Ý N2H5

+ + 2 H2O 1.40

NH3OH+ + 2 H+ + 2 Ý NH4

+ + H2O 1.33

N2H5+ + 3 H+ 2 Ý 2 NH4

+ 1.250

HNO2 + H+ + Ý NO() + H2O 0.984

NO3 + 4 H+ + 3 Ý NO() + 2 H2O 0.955

NO3 + 3 H+ + 2 Ý HNO2 + H2O 0.940

NO3 + 3 H+ + 2 Ý HNO2 + H2O (1 M HNO3) 0.92

NO3 + 2 H+ + Ý N2O4() + H2O 0.798

N2() + 8 H+ + 6 Ý 2 NH4

+ 0.274

N2() + 5 H+ + 4 Ý N2H5

+ 0.214

N2() + 2 H2O + 4 H+ + 2 Ý 2 NH3OH

+ 1.833

2 N2 + H

+ + Ý HN3 3.334

O OO4() + 8 H+ + 8 Ý O() + 4 H2O 0.834

OC62 + Ý OC6

3 (1 F HC) 0.85

O OH + H+ + Ý H2O 2.56

O() + 2 H+ + 2 Ý H2O 2.4301

O3() + 2 H+

+ 2

Ý O2() + H2O 2.075H2O2() + 2 H

+ + 2 Ý 2 H2O 1.763

HO2 + H+ + Ý H2O2 1.44

O2() + 2 H+ + 2 Ý H2O 1.2291

HO2 + H2O + 2

Ý 3 OH 0.88

O2() + 2 H+ + 2 Ý H2O2 0.695

O2() + H+ + Ý HO2 0.05

P P2+ + 2 Ý P() 0.915

PO() + 2 H+ + 2 Ý P() + H2O 0.79

PC64 + 2 Ý P() + 6 C 0.615

PO2() + H2O + 2 Ý PO() + 2 OH 0.64


20/24

19

()

P P4(, ) + 3 H+ + 3 Ý PH3() 0.046

P4(, ) + 3 H+ + 3 Ý PH3() 0.088

H3PO4 + 2 H+ + 2 Ý H3PO3 + H2O 0.30

H3PO4 + 5 H+ + 5 Ý P4(, ) + 4 H2O 0.402

H3PO4 + 2 H+ + 2 Ý H3PO2 + H2O 0.48

H3PO2 + H+ + Ý P4() + 2 H2O 0.51

P P2+ + 2 Ý P() 1.18

PO2() + 4 H+ + 4 Ý P() + 2 H2O 0.92

PC42 + 2 Ý P() + 4 C 0.755

PC62 + 2 Ý PC4

2 + 2 C 0.68

P PO2+ + Ý PO2() 1.585

P4+ + Ý P3+ 1.006

PO22+ + 4 H+ + 2 Ý P4+ + 2 H2O 1.000

PO22+

+

Ý

PO2+

0.966PO2() + 4 H

+ + 4 Ý P() + 2 H2O 1.369

P3+ + 3 Ý P() 1.978

P K+ + + H Ý K( H) 1.975

K+ + Ý K() 2.936

P P4+ + Ý P3+ 3.2

P3+ + 3 Ý P() 2.353

P P3+ + 3 Ý P() 2.30

R R2+ + 2 Ý R() 2.80

R RO4 + 2 H+ + Ý RO3() + H2O 0.72

RO4 + 4 H+ + 3 Ý RO2() + 2 H2O 0.510R R6+ + 3 Ý R3+ (1 F HCO4) 1.48

R4+ + Ý R3+ (3 F H2SO4) 1.44

RC62 + Ý RC6

3 1.2

R3+ + 3 Ý R() 0.76

2 R3+ + 2 Ý R24+ 0.7

RC63 + 3 Ý R() + 6 C 0.44

R R+ + + H Ý R( H) 1.970

R+ + Ý R() 2.943

R RO4

+ 6 H

+

+ 3

Ý

R(OH)22+

+ 2 H2O 1.53R()33+ + Ý R()3

2+ 1.29

RO4() + 8 H+ + 8 Ý R() + 4 H2O 1.032

R2+ + 2 Ý R() 0.8

R3+ + 3 Ý R() 0.60

R3+ + Ý R2+ 0.24

R(NH3)63+ + Ý R(NH3)6

2+ 0.214

S S3+ + 3 Ý S() 2.304

S2+ + 2 Ý S() 2.68

S S3+ + 3 Ý S() 2.09

S SO42 + 4 H+ + 2 Ý H2SO3 + H2O 1.150


21/24

20

()

S () H2SO3 + 4 H+ + 4 Ý S() + 3 H2O 0.739

S() + 2 H+ + 2 Ý H2S() 0.082

S() + 2 Ý S2 0.67

S S() + 4 H+ + 4 Ý SH4() 0.147

SO2(, ) + 4 H+ + 4 Ý S() + 2 H2O 0.990

SO2(, ) + 4 H+ + 4 Ý S() + 2 H2O 0.807

SF62 + 4 Ý S() + 6 F 1.24

S A2+ + Ý A+ 1.989

A2+ + Ý A+ (4F HCO4) 2.000

A2+ + Ý A+ (4F HNO3) 1.929

A3+ + 2 Ý A+ 1.9

AO() + H+ + Ý A2O() + H2O 1.40

A+ + Ý A() 0.7993

A+

+

Ý

A() (1M HCO4) 0.792A+ + Ý A() (1M H2SO4) 0.77

A+ + Ý A() (1M HC) 0.228

A2C2O4() + 2 Ý 2 A() + C2O4

2 0.465

AN3() + Ý A() + N3

0.293

AC() + Ý A() + C 0.222

AC() + Ý A() + C (1M KC) 0.228

AC() + Ý A() + C ( KC) 0.197

AB() + Ý A() + B 0.071

A(S2O3)23 + Ý A() + 2 S2O3

2 0.017

AI() + Ý A() + I 0.152A2S() + H

+ + 2 Ý 2 A() + HS 0.272

A(CN)2 + Ý A() + 2 CN 0.31

S N+ + + H Ý N( H) 1.959

N+ + H2() + Ý NH() 2.367

N+ + Ý N() 2.7143

S S2+ + 2 Ý S() 2.889

S S2O82 + 2 Ý 2 SO4

2 2.01

S2O62 + 4 H+ + 2 Ý 2 H2SO3 0.57

4 SO2 + 4 H

+

+ 6

Ý

S4O62

+ 2 H2O 0.539SO2 + 4 H+ + 4 Ý S() + 2 H2O 0.450

H2SO3 + 4 H+ + 4 Ý S() + 3 H2O 0.450

2 H2SO3 + 2 H+ + 4 Ý S2O3

2 + 3 H2O 0.40

SO42 + 4 H+ + 2 Ý H2SO3 + H2O 0.172

S() + 2 H+ + 2 Ý H2S() 0.174

S() + 2 H+ + 2 Ý H2S() 0.144

S4O62 + 2 H+ + 2 Ý 2 HS2O3

0.10

5 S() + 2 Ý S52 0.340

S() + 2 Ý S2 0.476

2 S() + 2 Ý S22 0.50


22/24

21

()

2 SO32 + 3 H2O + 4

Ý S2O32 + 6 OH 0.566

SO32 + 3 H2O + 4

Ý S() + 6 OH 0.659

SO42 + 4 H2O + 6

Ý S() + 8 OH 0.751

SO42 + H2O + 2

Ý SO32 + 2 OH 0.936

2 SO32 + 2 H2O + 2 Ý S2O42 + 4 OH 1.130

2 SO42 + 2 H2O + 2

Ý S2O62 + 4 OH 1.71

T T2O5() + 10 H+ + 10 Ý 2 T() + 5 H2O 0.752

T TO4 + 2 H2O + 3

Ý TO2() + 4 OH 0.366

TO4 + 4 H2O + 7

Ý T() + 8 OH 0.474

T TO32 + 3 H2O + 4

Ý T() + 6 OH 0.47

2 T() + 2 Ý T22 0.84

T() + 2 Ý T2 0.90

T T4+ + Ý T3+ 3.1

T3+

+ 3

Ý

T() 2.28T T3+ + 2 Ý T+ 1.280

T3+ + 2 Ý T+ (1 F HCO4) 1.26

T3+ + 2 Ý T+ (1 F HNO3) 1.23

T3+ + 2 Ý T+ (1 F H2SO4) 1.22

T3+ + 2 Ý T+ (1 F HC) 0.77

T+ + Ý T( H, ') 0.294

T+ + Ý T() 0.336

T+ + Ý T() (1M HCO4 H2SO4) 0.33

T+ + Ý T() (1M HC) 0.551

TC() + Ý T() + C 0.557T T4+ + 4 Ý T() 1.826

T T+ + 3 Ý T() 2.319

T S(OH)3+ + 3 H+ + 2 Ý S2+ + 3H2O 0.142

S4+ + 2 Ý S2+ (1 F HC) 0.139

SO2() + 4 H+ + 2 Ý S2+ + 2 H2O 0.094

S(OH)4() + 4 H+ + 4 Ý S() + 4 H2O 0.008

S(OH)2() + 2 H+ + 2 Ý S() + 2 H2O 0.091

S2+ + 2 Ý S() 0.141

SF62

+ 4

Ý

S() + 6 F

0.25S(OH)62 + 2 Ý S(OH)3

+ 3 OH 0.93

SO2() + H2O + 2 Ý SO() + 2 OH 0.961

S() + 4 H2O + 4 Ý SH4() + 4 OH

1.316

T TO2+ + 2 H+ + Ý T3+ + H2O 0.099

TO2+ + 2 H+ + Ý T3+ + H2O (1M H2SO4) 0.04

T3+ + 2 Ý T+ 0.369

T3+ + Ý T2+ 0.9

TO2() + 4 H+ + 4 Ý T() + 2 H2O 1.076

TO2(, ) + 4 H+ + 4 Ý T() + 2 H2O 0.86

TF62 + 4 Ý T() + 6 F 1.191


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22

()

T () T2+ + 2 Ý T() 1.60

T W(CN)83 + Ý W(CN)8

4 0.457

W6+ + Ý W5+ (12 F HC) 0.26

WO3() + 6 H+ + 6 Ý W() + 3 H2O 0.091

W5+ + Ý W4+ (12 F HC) 0.3

WO2() + 2 H2O + 4 Ý W() + 4 OH 0.982

WO42 + 4 H2O + 4

Ý W() + 8 OH 1.060

U UO2+ + 4 H+ + Ý U4+ + 2 H2O 0.39

UO22+ + 4 H+ + 2 Ý U4+ + 2 H2O 0.273

UO22+ + Ý UO2

+ 0.16

U4+ + Ý U3+ 0.577

U3+ + 3 Ý U() 1.642

V VO2+ + 2 H+ + Ý VO2+ + H2O 1.001

V(OH)4+

+ 2 H+

+

Ý

VO2+

+ 3 H2O 1.00V(OH)4

+ + 2 H+ + Ý VO2+ + 3 H2O (1 M HC HCO4) 1.02

VO2+ + 2 H+ + Ý V3+ + H2O 0.337

V3+ + Ý V2+ 0.255

V3+ + Ý V2+ (1 M HCO4) 0.21

V2+ + 2 Ý V() 1.125

X H4XO6 + 2 H+ + 2 Ý XO3 + 3 H2O 2.38

XF2 + 2 H+ + 2 Ý X() + 2 HF 2.2

XO3 + 6 H+ + 6 Ý X() + 3 H2O 2.1

Y Y3+ + 3 Ý Y() 2.19

Y2+ + 2 Ý Y() 2.76Y Y3+ + 3 Ý Y() 2.38

Z ZO() + 2 H+ + 2 Ý Z() + H2O 0.439

ZOH+ + H+ + 2 Ý Z() + H2O 0.497

Z2+ + 2 Ý Z() 0.762

Z2+ + 2 + H Ý Z( H) 0.801

Z(NH3)42+ + 2 Ý Z() + 4 NH3 1.04

ZCO3() + 2 Ý Z() + CO3

2 1.06

Z(OH)3 + 2 Ý Z() + 3 OH 1.183

Z(OH)42

+ 2

Ý

Z() + 4 OH

1.199Z(OH)2() + 2 Ý Z() + 2 OH 1.249

ZO() + H2O + 2 Ý Z() + 2 OH 1.260

ZS() + 2 Ý Z() + S2 1.405

Z Z4+ + 4 Ý Z() 1.539

ZO2() + 4 H+ + 4 Ý Z() + 2H2O 1.4


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analytical equations book - 2012fall

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