analytical - abechem.comabechem.com/no. 11-2018/2018, 10(11), 1506-1524.pdf · anal. bioanal....

Anal. Bioanal. Electrochem., Vol. 10, No. 11, 2018,1506-1524

Full Paper

Inhibition of Mild Steel Corrosion in 1.0 M HCl by Water, Hexane and Ethanol Extracts of Pimpinella Anisum Plant

Zahra Akounach,1 Ahmaed Al Maofari,1,2 Adil El Yadini,1 Siham Douche,1 Mohamed Benmessaoud,3 Benaceur Ouaki,4 Mohamed Damej3,5 and Souad EL Hajjaji1,*

1Laboratory of Spectroscopy, Molecular Modelling Materials, Nanomaterials Water and Environment –CERNE2D, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Morocco 2Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Art and Sciences, Amran University, Yemen 3Environment, Materials and Sustainable Development Team –CERNE2D, High School of Technology, Mohammed V University, Morocco 4Engineering Material Department, National School of Mineral Industry, Rabat-Morocco 5Sevichim Society SARL Productions of Corrosion Inhibitors, 101 Maamoura Street, N° 10, Morocco

*Corresponding Author, Tel.: +212(0)66130310; Fax: +212 (0) 537775440

E-Mail: [email protected]

Received: 5 June 2018 / Received in revised form: 7 October 2018 / Accepted: 27 October 2018 / Published online: 30 November 2018

Abstract- Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid by water, hexane and ethanol extracts of Pimpinella Anisum plant were study using weight loss and Tafel polarization curves. The effects of temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in 1M hydrochloric acid with addition of extracts were also studied. The inhibition efficiency (IE) increases with increasing concentration of Pimpinella Anisum extracts but decreases with increasing the temperature. The adsorption of the extracts on the surface of metal follows a Langmuir isotherm model. Polarization studies show that the extracts behave as mixed type inhibitors. Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) study confirmed that the inhibition of corrosion of mild steel is through adsorption of the extracts molecules on the surface of metal. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) results showed that anethole was the major compound of both Yemeni and Moroccan Pimpinella Anisum plant.

Keywords- Anise extracts, Corrosion inhibition, Electrochemical, Weight loss, Mild steel

Analytical & Bioanalytical Electrochemistry

2018 by CEE

www.abechem.com

Anal. Bioanal. Electrochem., Vol. 10, No. 11, 2018, 1506-1524 1507

1. INTRODUCTION

Iron and its alloys have wide spread industrial and constructional applications due to their

availability and low cost but they are one of the most consumed metals. However, they are

highly sensitive to corrosion, particularly in the acid media [1-3].

The most effective method for protecting metals to fight against corrosion is the use of

inhibitors. Different organic compounds have been studied as inhibitors for the protection of

metals against corrosion [4-13]. The majority of corrosion inhibitors that are used in acidic

media are organic compounds containing electronegative atoms such as nitrogen, oxygen,

sulfur etc.., unsaturated bonds and/or aromatic rings. The inhibitory effect of the organic

compounds is due to the adsorption of the molecules, which are characterized by lone

electron pair and/or π electrons on the metal surface [14].

Recently, natural compounds increased in the development and use of low-cost and eco-

friendly products such as extracted compounds from leaves or seeds as corrosion inhibitors

for mild steel [15-34], the most components from plants that have noted as a corrosion

inhibitor are sugars, steroids, aloin, tannic acid, flavonoids, terpenes etc... and the formation

of the protective film on the surface of steel is improved during the presence of the polycyclic

compounds[35].

Pimpinella Anisum L. Umbelliferae is an annual herb and a grassy plant with white

flowers and small green to yellow seeds that grows in India, Egypt, Yemen, Morocco,

Turkey, and many other warm regions of the world. The essential oil from the seeds of P.

anisum contain anethole and it is valuable in perfumery and in medicine domains [36-41]. To

characterize the adsorbed layer and the interaction between adsorbed molecules, the

adsorption isotherms are used. The adsorption isotherms as Langmuir, Tempkin and Frumkin

are the most common models to study the mechanism of corrosion inhibition by determining

the surface coverage (θ) and the adsorption isotherms of inhibitor molecules in the corrosive

media [42-45].

The objective of this work was to study the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in a 1 M

HCl solution in the presence of water, ethanol and hexane extracts of anise as an inhibitor

respectful of the environment by open-circuit potential measurements, potentiodynamic

polarization curves and weight loss measurements. The inhibited metal surface state is

examined by scanning electron microscopy. This study aimed also to investigate the

temperature effects on mild steel corrosion in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution in the presence

and the absence of different concentration of water, hexane and ethanol extracts from Anise

seeds using a potentiodynamic polarisation method.


2. MATERIAL AND METHODS

2.1. Plant material

The anise seed (Pimpinella anisum) is characterized by a slightly sweet and very aromatic

flavour (Fig. 1). The seeds are dry and clean, with a greenish brown colour. Anise was

collected from middle of Morocco (Meknes) and the North of Yemen (Saadh), the seeds were

washed with distilled water, dried at room temperature for 21 days and then grinded by use

electric herb grinder and finally the seeds powder were kept until required.

Fig. 1. The Pimpinella anisum seeds

2.2. Preparation of the extracts

2.2.1 Aqueous extract

In the first place, the powdered Anise (50 g) was extracted by maceration in distilled

water (250 mL) for 30 min, and then the decoction was filtered and lastly, freeze-dried

[46,47].

2.2.2 Organic extracts

Both hexane and ethanol extracts were obtained by classical Soxhlet extraction of 100 g

of aerial parts during 24 h. About 700 mL of each solvent was used. These two organic

extracts, corresponding to two different polarity components, were concentrated to dryness

and finally the residue was kept at 4° C [46-48].

2.3. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)

Pimpinella Anisum extracts sonicated in mixture with methanol, chloroform and n hexane

was analyzed by GC–MS using Ultra Trace GC (Themo-Fisher Scientific) composed of a

VP-5 capillary fused silica column (30 m, 250 µm, 25 µm film thickness) and a Polaris Q

Themo-Fisher Scientific as mass spectra detector. The oven temperature was held at 60 °C

for 2 min and then programmed with the rate of 16 °C/min to reach 280 °C in 20 min.

Additional operating conditions are the following: He (99.99%) as carrier gas, at a rate of 1.4


ml/min. The detector temperature and the injection temperature were, respectively, 300 °C

and 220 °C. The injection volume was 0,001 L with a split ratio of 1:25. EI/MS were taken at

70 eV IE. GC/MS analysis provides the mass spectra of the various constituents which are

then compared to those of the Wiley and NBS libraries [49] and those described by Adams

[50]. In addition, the relative concentrations of the components were calculated based on GC

peak areas without using correction factors.

2.4. Weight loss measurements

Mild steel specimens with the same composition used in the electrochemical

measurements with dimension of 0.1×1×1 cm were immersed in 100 mL of electrolyte with

and without optimal concentrations of Anise extract. The weights of the specimens before and

after immersion were detected by analytical balance (sensitivity ±0.0001 g). After one week

and everyday exposure, the specimens were taken out rinsed thoroughly with distilled water,

dried for one hour in electrical oven at 70 °C then cooled in desiccator (1 h) and weighted

again as quickly as possible. For each test, three parallel experiments were performed.

Weight loss permits calculation of the inhibition efficiency IE (%) of extracts anise according

to the following equation:

% 100

Where m0 and m are the weight before and after immersion, t is the immersion time, A is

the mild steel specimens Area and Wcorr, Winh are the corrosion rate of mild steel samples

obtained in 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution without and with inhibitor, respectively.

2.5. Electrochemical measurements

Cylinder specimens from mild steel 0.1 cm in thickness with masses composition (%):

0.18 C, 0.04 P, 0.05 S, 0.30 Mn, trace Si, and the remainder iron (Fe) were prepared as

working electrodes. The electrodes were prepared by embedding steel rods in an epoxy resin

and exposing a surface area of 1 cm2 to the electrolyte. For all the experiments, the surface

pre-treatment was carried out with 400, 600, 1200 and 1500 grade emery paper, then the

metal surface was rinsed with distilled water ultrasonically degreased in absolute ethanol,

dried and finally dipped into the electrolytic cell.

The corrosive medium was 1 M hydrochloric acid prepared by dilution of analytical grade

HCl (37% wt) with bi-distilled water. All electrochemical measurements were conducted in a

thermostat conventional three electrode cylindrical glass cell, containing 100ml of corrosive

medium with a Platinumelectrode Pt (counter electrode) and Saturated Calomel Electrode


SCE (reference electrode). In order to minimize ohmic contribution, the SCE was placed

close to working electrode. In all experiments, the mild steel was allowed to maintain the

stability of the open circuit potential for 1 h. The Potentiodynamic curves of mild steel in 1M

HCl solution in the absence and in the presence of different extracts of Anis were obtained in

the potential range from -1 V to 0 V. For polarization measurements, a potentiostat Voltalab

301 PGZ monitored by a PC computer and Voltamaster 4.0 software were used to run the

tests, collect and evaluate the experimental data. During each experiment, the test solution

was mixed with a magnetic stirrer.

The inhibition efficiency (IE %) depends on the degree of coverage of the mild steel

surface by molecules of the inhibitor and can be calculated with the following equations:

% 100

Where is the surface coverage, and are, respectively, the corrosion current

densities obtained in hydrochloric acid 1M without and with the aqueous extract or the

organic extracts, determined by the intersection of the extrapolated cathodic Tafel lines at the

experimentally measured.

2.6. Scanning electron microscopy connected with Energy dispersive spectroscopy

The surface of mild steel specimens before and after immersion in the absence and the

presence of Anis extracts were studied using a Quanta 200 FEI Company scanning electron

microscope. The energy of the acceleration beam employed was 20 kV. The group is

equipped with a system complete of microanalyses X (detector EDS) and with a detector of

back-scattered electrons. This EDS technique allows to given the chemical composition of

the sample with a very low limit of detection going up to the Boron.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1. Extracts analysis

The extracts that obtained by soxlhet from Yemeni and Moroccan Anise seeds are a green

colour at room temperature. The Anise extractions with different solvents have shown that the

best efficiency is with water and then with ethanol. As described in Table 1. GC/MS is used

to determine the different composition of the aqueous extract and the organic extracts. The

structures of the major compounds are shown in the chromatogram Fig. 2.


Table 1. Yield of extracts from a seeds of Anise collected from saadh and Meknes in Yemen

and Morocco, respectively

Fig. 2. p-allyl anisole (1), Camphene (2), Fenchone (3), Anisole, p-allyl(4), Anethole(5),

Linoleic acid (6), Palmitic acid (7)

The comparative study between the extract of the Yemeni and Moroccan Anise as

antibacterial and anticorrosion for dental amalgam also the extraction yield was given the

same results with unimportant different [15,37,46]. So in this study we just used the Yemeni

extract as corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 1M hydrochloric acid media.

3.2. Weight loss method

The calculated values of corrosion rate (W), inhibition efficiency (EI%) and the effect of

immersion time from 22 h (day) to 154 h (week) of the inhibitor at the optimum

concentration for mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid media are shown in table 2. The

efficiency of hexane extract at optimum concentration increase with increasing the immersion

Extract fractions Yield (%)

Yemen water extract 16.66

Moroccan water extract 15.33

Yemen ethanol extract 9.49

Morocco ethanol extract 8.84

Yemen hexane extract 5.67

Moroccan hexane extract 4.34


time indicates the adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the metal surface. For both water

and ethanol extract the efficiency decrease with increasing the immersion time indicates

desorption of the inhibitor from the metal surface. The maximum inhibition efficiency of

hexane, ethanol and water extract at room temperature was 78.5% after 154 h, 88.9% and

80.2% after 22h respectively.

Table 2. Effect of immersion time on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid

with different extracts of Anise at optimal concentration

Inhibitor t (h) Blank Hexane extract Ethanol extract Water extract

Area (cm²) - 2.80 2.60 2.80 2.80

Wig

ht

loss

(g)

22 0.0243 0.011 0.0027 0.0048

44 0.0368 0.0127 0.0056 0.0094

66 0.045 0.0148 0.0087 0.0124

88 0.0531 0.0161 0.0126 0.0184

110 0.0666 0.017 0.0165 0.0256

132 0.0814 0.0182 0.0207 0.0291

154 0.0989 0.0197 0.0233 0.0329

Cor

rosi

on r

ate(

W)

22 3.94×10-4 1.92×10-4 4.38×10-5 7.79×10-5

44 2.98×10-4 1.11×10-4 4.54×10-5 7.63×10-5

66 2.43×10-4 8.62×10-5 4.70×10-5 6.71×10-5

88 2.15×10-4 7.03×10-5 5.11×10-5 7.46×10-5

110 2.16×10-4 5.94×10-5 5.35×10-5 8.31×10-5

132 2.20×10-4 5.30×10-5 5.60×10-5 7.87×10-5

154 2.29×10-4 4.92×10-5 5.40×10-5 7.63×10-5

Eff

icie

ncy

(E

I %

)

22 - 51.3 88.9 80.2

44 - 62.8 84.8 74.5

66 - 64.6 80.7 72.4

88 - 67.3 76.3 65.3

110 - 72.5 75.2 61.6

132 - 75.9 74.5 64.3

154 - 78.5 76.4 66.7

3.3. Open circuit potential

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 show the evolution of the open circuit potential E=f (t) of the mild steel in

a 1 M HCl acid medium at room temperature, in the absence and in the presence of different

concentrations of three extracts, during 60 min of immersion. According to obtained results,


potential decrease with increasing inhibitor concentration, the presence of the extracts in the

solution led to shift of the curve to the negative potential direction, indicating that the

cathodic corrosion is affected by the inhibitors and the value of Ecorr varies little over time.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60-0.48

-0.47

-0.46

-0.45

-0.44

-0.43

-0.42

-0.41

-0.40

Water Extract Blank 0.6 g 0.8 g 1 g 1.2 g

E(V

/EC

S)

Time (min)

Fig. 3. Evolution of the open circuit potential (OCP) vs. exposure time for mild steel in 1 M

HCl solution in the absence and in the presence of water extrac

0 10 20 30 40 50 60-0.48

-0.47

-0.46

-0.45

-0.44

-0.43

-0.42

-0.41

Ethanol Extract

Blank 0.6 g 0.8 g 1 g 1.2 g

E(V

/EC

S)

Time (min)


HCl solution in the absence and in the presence of ethanol extract


0 10 20 30 40 50 60-0.46

-0.45

-0.44

-0.43

Hexan Extract

Blank 0.6 g 0.8 g 1 g 1.2 g

E(V

/EC

S)

Time (min)


HCl solution in the absence and in the presence of hexane extract

3.4. Potentiodynamic polarization

Polarization curves of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution without and with different

concentration of water, ethanol and hexane extracts are shown in Fig. 6, 7, and 8 respectively

-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.01E-7

1E-6

1E-5

1E-4

1E-3

0.01

0.1

1

Water Extract

I (A

/cm

2 )

Potential (V/SCE)

Blank 0.6 g 0.8 g 1 g 1.2 g

Fig. 6. Polarization curves of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution without and with various

concentrations of water extract


-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.01E-7

1E-6

1E-5

1E-4

1E-3

0.01

0.1

1

Ethanol Extract

I (A

/cm

2 )

Potential (V/SCE)

Blank 0.6 g 0.8 g 1 g 1.2 g

Fig. 7. Polarization curves of mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid with and without different

concentration of ethanol extract

-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.01E-7

1E-6

1E-5

1E-4

1E-3

0.01

0.1

1

Hexan Extract

I (A

/cm

2 )

Potential (V/SCE)

Blank 0.6 g 0.8 g 1 g 1.2 g

Fig. 8. Polarization curves of mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid with and without different

concentration of hexane extract

The values of the electrochemical parameters for different concentrations of water,

ethanol and hexane extracts of Anise seeds are given in the Table 3. The data show that the

corrosion current density decreases (Icorr) for all extracts by increasing their concentration

and therefore the inhibition efficiency increases. The presence of different extracts resulted in

a shift of the corrosion potential (Ecorr) toward more negative values between 11-42

mVcathodically compared to the blank and also modification in anodic and cathodic Tafel

slopes were observed. An inhibitor can be categorized as cathodic or anodic type if the

displacement in the Ecorr is exceeds 85 mV with respect to corrosion potential of the blank


[51]. From the obtained results in the present study, it is pertinent to say that different Anise

extracts acts as mixed-type inhibitor with predominant cathodic effectiveness.

Table 3. Electrochemical parameters obtained from the Tafel plots of mild steel in

hydrochloric acid at various concentrations of water, ethanol and hexane extracts

Extracts C (g/L) Ecorr mV (SCE) Icorr (mA cm-2) θ E (%)

Blank -438 3.6 - -

Water extract

0.6 -438 1.1 0.6944 69.44

0.8 -438 0.57 0.8417 84.17

1 -438 0.24 0.9333 93.33

1.2 -470 0.17 0.9528 95.28

Ethanol extract

0.6 -448 0.68 0.8111 81.11

0.8 -448 0.41 0.8861 88.61

1 -448 0.28 0.9222 92.22

1.2 -478 0.19 0.9472 94.72

Hexane extract

0.6 -440 0.64 0.8222 82.22

0.8 -440 0.35 0.900 90.20

1 -440 0.21 0.939 94.16

1.2 -446 0.16 0.954 95.55

3.5. Adsorption isotherm

The interaction information between water, ethanol and hexane extract of Anise and the

mild steel surface can be provided by adsorption isotherm. The values of θ for different

concentrations of the extract obtained from Potentiodynamic polarization were evaluated.

Attempts were made to fit θ values to divers’ isotherms including Temkin, Langmuir and

Frumkin, the correlation coefficient (R2) was used to choose the most suitable isotherm. The

Langmuir isotherm equation is given by:

1

Where, k is the adsorption constant. This suggests that the adsorption of all extract on

mild steel surface followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm [52-54] (Fig. 9).


Fig. 9. Langmuir adsorption isotherm of water, ethanol and hexane extract on the mild steel

surface in 1M hydrochloric acid

The values of ∆ were calculated using this equation:

K1

55.5e

∆

Where ∆ is the standard free energy of adsorption (kJ.mol-1) and 55.5 is the value of

concentration of water in the solution (mol/L) [55]. Adsorption parameters of green inhibitor

for mild steel corrosion in 1MHCl medium were shown in the table 4. The negative sign of

∆ suggests that the process adsorption of aqueous extract and organic extracts onto the

metal surface is spontaneous. It is well known that values of ∆ on the order of −20

kJ/mol or lower indicate a physical adsorption, while that of −40 kJ/mol or higher involve

charge sharing or a transfer of electrons to from a co-ordinate indicate chemisorption [56-58].

Table 4. The adsorption constant values for the different extracts

The obtained value of ∆ suggests a physical adsorption of water, ethanol and

hexane extract of Anise components onto the mild steel surface in hydrochloric acid media.

This adsorption gives rise to a large covered surface area with a very small amount of

adsorbed molecules. Therefore, high inhibition efficiency could be achieved by low

Extract type R2 K (L/g) ∆ (kj.mol-1)

Water extract 0.9701 2.232 -13.43

Ethanol extract 0.9993 4.878 -11.72

Hexane extract 0.9977 5.025 -12.21


concentrations of the extract. At the same time, the increase of extract concentration above a

certain value has a little effect on the inhibition efficiency. This conclusion is confirmed by

the fact that the inhibition efficiency does not increase linearly with extract concentration, as

shown in Fig. 10.

Fig. 10. The effect of extract concentration on the inhibition efficiency

3.6. Temperature effect

Temperature influence on the corrosion of mild steel with and without optimum

concentration of water, ethanol and hexane extracts of Anise in one molar hydrochloric acid

media was studied at temperature range of 25–55 ◦C using polarization measurement. Results

obtained show that corrosion rate increased with increasingin the temperature with and

without the extracts of Anise while inhibition efficiency decreased with increasing the

temperature The values of activation energies (Ea) of mild steel in 1 mol/l HCl corrosion

were calculated from the equation of Arrhenius[59]:

lnI lnAERT

Where Ea is the activation energy, R is the gas constant, A is the Arrhenius factor, T is the

temperature and Icor the corrosion courant. The plots of (lnIcorr) against 1/T of mild steel in

1M HCl solution without and with the extracts of Anise are shown in Fig. 11.


Fig. 11. Arrhenius plots of (lnIcorr) versus 1/T of mild steel in one molar of hydrochloric

acid media

The values of Ea for mild steel in one molar hydrochloric acid media with and without the

optimum concentration of Anise extracts were calculated from the dependence of corrosion

current logarithm (lnIcorr) on the reciprocal of absolute temperature (1/T) and shown in the

Table 5.

Table 5. Thermodynamic parameters for adsorption optimum concentration of Anise extracts

on mild steel surface in one molar of hydrochloric acid media

The enthalpy activation (∆ ° ) and the entropy activation (∆ ° ) for the mild steel

corrosion in one molar of hydrochloric acid media were obtained by using the following

equation [56]:

lnIT

lnRNh

∆S°

R∆H°

RT

Where h is the Planck’s constant and N is the Avogadro’s number. The dependence of

corrosion current logarithm divided into the temperature according to absolute

Extract types Ea (kJ.mol-1) R² H a0 (kJ.mol-1)∆ Sa0 (J.mol-1)∆ Ea - ∆Ha

0 R²

Blank 22.94 0.967 20.30 -125.19 2.64 0.994

Water extract 62.92 0.929 60.33 -123.17 2.60 0.923

Ethanol

extract

85.69 0.989 83.08 -51.51 2.61 0.988

Hexane

extract

51.33 0.931 48.74 -164.51 2.60 0.924


temperature 1/T that shown in Fig. 12. Straight lines are obtained with a slope of ∆ ° / and

from the intercepts of axis; ∆ ° values were calculated and are shown in the Table 5.

All values of Ea are high than the analogous values of ∆ ° indicating that the corrosion

process must implicate a gaseous reaction, simply the hydrogen evolution reaction, associated

with a decrease in the total reaction volume [60].

Moreover, the average difference value of the Ea-∆ ° is 2.60 kJ/mol, which is

approximately equal to the average value of RT (2.63 kJ/mol). Consequently, it is indicated

that the corrosion process is a molecular reaction as it is characterized by the following

equation [61]:

Ea - ∆Ha0 = RT

Positive sign of the enthalpies reflects the endothermic nature of the steel dissolution

process. Negative values of entropies indicate that the activated complex in the rate

determining step represents an association rather than the dissociation step, meaning that a

decrease in disordering takes place on going from reactants to the activated complex [62,63].

Fig. 12. The dependence of corrosion current logarithm divided into the temperature (Ln

Icorr/T) according to absolute temperature (1/T)

3.7. SEM-EDS Analysis

The morphology of mild steel surface obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

after one-week immersion in one molar hydrochloric acid media with and without water,

ethanol and hexane extract of Anise is presented in Fig. 13. It is clear that the mild steel

surface presents severe corrosion attack in the blank sample. It is important to stress out that

when the extract is present in the solution, there was a smooth surface with deposited extract


on it [64]. This result confirms that the extract of Anise inhibited corrosion of mild steel by

adsorption of the molecules on metal surface.

Fig. 13. The morphology of mild steel in one molar hydrochloric acid media: without

inhibitor (a); with water extract (b) with ethanol extract(c); with hexane extract(d)

4. CONCLUSION

Pimpinella Anisum extracts can be used as a good, effective, naturally derived and

environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid media. The

inhibition efficiency IE increased with increasing the concentration of the extracts but

decreased with the increase of the temperature. The electrochemical study shows that the

Anise extract is a mixed inhibitor. Corrosion inhibition is linked to adsorption of the extracts

components onto mild steel surface, following a Langmuir adsorption isotherm for both Anise

seeds extracts. The values of thermodynamic parameters indicate that the adsorption of Anise

seeds extracts is a physical adsorption. SEM-EDS Analysis confirms that the extract of Anise

(a) (b)

(c) (d)


inhibited corrosion of mild steel through adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on metal

surface.

REFERENCES

[1] G. Ji, S. Anjum, S. Sundaram, and R. Prakash, Corros. Sci. 90 (2015) 107.

[2] S. A. Umoren, I. B. Obot, A. U. Israel, P. O. Asuquo, M. M. Solomon, U. M. Eduok, A.

and P. Udoh, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 20 (2014) 3612.

[3] K. Azzaoui, E. Mejdoubi, S. Jodeh, A. Lamhamdi, E. R. Castellón, M. Algarra, A.

Zarrouk, A. Errich, R. Salghi, and H. Lgaz, Corros. Sci. 129 (2017) 70.

[4] F. E. Heakal, A. S. Fouda, and M. S. Radwan, Mater. Chem. Phys. 125 (2011) 26.

[5] N. K. Gupta, M. A. Quraishi, P. Singh, V. Srivastava, K. Srivastava, C. Verma, and A.

K. Mukherjee, Anal. Bioanal. Electrochem. 9 (2017) 245.

[6] F. Suedile, F. Robert, C. Roos, and M. Lebrini, Electrochim. Acta 133 (2014) 631.

[7] A. Al Maofari, G. Ezznaydy, Y. Idouli, F. Guédira, S. Zaydoun, N. Labjar, and S. El

Hajjaji, Mater. Environ. Sci. 5 (2014) 2081.

[8] M. E. Belghiti, Y. Karzazi, A. Dafali, I. B. Obot, E. E. Ebenso, K. M. Emran, I.

Bahadur, B. Hammouti, and F. Bentiss, Mol. Liq. 216 (2016) 874.

[9] A. Lgamri, H. Abou El Makarim, A. Guenbour, A. Ben Bachir, L. Aries, and S. El

Hajjaji, Prog. Org. Coat. 48 (2003) 63.

[10] Y. Ji, B. Xu, W. Gong, X. Zhang, X. Jin, W. Ning, Y. Meng, W. Yang, and Y. Chen,

Taiwan Inst. chem. Eng. 66 (2016) 301.

[11] O. O. Joseph, O. S. I. Fayomi, O. O. Joseph, and O. A. Adenigba, Energy Procedia 119

(2017) 845.

[12] C. M. Reddy, B. D. Sanketi, and S. N. Kumar, Perspectives in Sci. 8 (2016) 603.

[13] P. Parthipan, J. Narenkumar, P. Elumalai, P. S. Preethi, A. U. R. Nanthini, A. Agrawal,

and A. Rajasekar, Mol. Liq. 240 (2017) 121.

[14] D. Bouknana, B. Hammouti, S. Jodeh, M. Sbaa, and H. Lgaz, Anal. Bioanal.

Electrochem. 10 (2018) 751.

[15] H. Saufi, A. Al Maofari, A. El Yadini, L. Eddaif, H. Harhar, S. Gharby, and S. El

Hajjaji, Mater. Environ. Sci. 6 (2015) 1845.

[16] A. Al Maofari, M. Mousaddak, A. Hakiki, Y. Suleiman, S. Gamouh, S. Zaydoun, and S.

El Hajjaji. Chem. Technol.: Indian J. 6 (2011) 73.

[17] O. K. Abiola, and A.O. James, Corros. Sci 52 (2010) 661.

[18] L. Afia, R. Salghi, L. Bammou, E. Bazzi, B. Hammouti, L. Bazzi, and A. Bouyanzer,

Saudi. Chem. Soc. 18 (2014) 19.

[19] M. Faustin, M. Lebrini, F. Robert, and C. Roos, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 6 (2011) 4095.

[20] S. A. Umoren, U. M. Eduok, M. M. Solomon, and A. P. Udoh, Arab. J. Chem. 9 (2016)

S209.


[21] G. Aziate, A. El Yadini, H. Saufi, A. Al Maofari, A. Benhmama, H. Harhar, S. Gharby,

and S. El Hajjaji, J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 6 (2015) 1877.

[22] A. Y. El-Etre, Mater. Chem. Phys. 108 (2008) 278.

[23] A. Benabida, M. Galai, M. Cherkaoui, and O. Dagdag , Anal. Bioanal. Electrochem. 8

(2016) 962.

[24] E. A. Noor, Mater. Chem. Phys. 131 (2011) 160.

[25] S. Deng, and X. Li, Corros. Sci. 55 (2012) 407.

[26] S. S. A. A. Pereira, M. M. Pegas, T. L. Fernandez, M. Magalhaes, T. G. Schontag, D. C.

Lago, L. F. Senna, and E. Elia, Corros Sci 65 (2012) 360.

[27] S. A. Umoren, I. B. Obot, A. U. Israel, P. O. Asuquo, M. M. Solomon, U. M. Eduok, A.

and P. Udoh, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 20 (2014) 3612.

[28] E. Q. Jasim, M. A. Mohammed-Ali, and A. A. Hussain, Chem. Mater. Res. 7 (2015)

147.

[29] K. K. Anupama, K. Ramya,and A. Joseph, J. Meas. 95 (2017) 297.

[30] A. A. M. Hassan, and H. T. M. Abdel-Fatah, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 11 (2016) 6959.

[31] E. Baran, A. Cakir, and B. Yazici. Arabian J. Chem. (2016) (in press).

[32] E. Ituen, A. James, O. Akaranta, and S. Sun, Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 24 (2016) 1442.

[33] Q. Hu, Y. Qiu, G. Zhang, and X. Guo, Chin. J. Chem. Eng 23 (2015) 1408.

[34] D. Bouknana, B. Hammouti, S. Jodeh, M. Sbaa, and H. Lgaz, Anal. Bioanal.

Electrochem. 10 (2018) 751.

[35] A. Fattah-alhosseini, and M. Noori, Anal. Bioanal. Electrochem. 8 (2016) 145.

[36] M. H. Boskabady, and M. Ramazani-Assari, J. Ethnopharmacol. 74 (2001) 83.

[37] A. Shokri, T. Hatami, and M. Khamforoush, J. Supercrit. Fluids. 58 (2011) 49.

[38] H. S. A. A. Mohamed, W. S. Abdelgadir, and A. Z. I. Almagboul, Int. J. Adv. Res. 3

(2015) 359.

[39] A. AL Maofari, S. EL Hajjaji, A. Debbab, S. Zaydoun, B. Ouaki, R. Charof, Z.

Mennane, A. Hakiki, and M. Mosaddak, Food Industry 14 (2013) 11.

[40] R. Hänsel, O. Sticher, and E. Steinegger, Pharmakognoisie-Phytopharmzie, 6th ed,

Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1999) 692.

[41] E. L. Ponte, P. L.Sousa, M. V. Rocha, P. M. Soares, A. N.Coelhode-Souza, J. H. Leal-

Cardoso, and A. M. Assreuy, Pharmacol. Rep. 64 (2012) 984.

[42] A.Y. El-Etre, Mater. Chem. Phys. 108 (2008) 278.

[43] L. Kadiri, M. Galai, M. Ouakki, Y. Essaadaoui, A. Ouass, M. Cherkaoui, E. Rifi, and A.

Lebkiri. Anal. Bioanal. Electrochem. 10 (2018) 249.

[44] M. N. H. Moussa, A. A. El-Far, and A. A. El-Shafei, Mater. Chem. Phys. 105 (2007)

105.

[45] E. E. Oguzie, Corros. Sci. 49 (2007) 1527.


[46] A. AL Maofari, S. EL Hajjaji, S. Zaydoun, B. Ouaki, R. Charof, Z. Mennane, A.

Hakiki, and M. Mosaddak, Int. J. Eng. Technol. 15 (2015) 34.

[47] N. Hayder, A. Abdelwahed, S. Kilani, R. Ben Ammar, A. Mahmoud, K. Ghedira, and

L. C. Ghedira, Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. 564 (2004) 89.

[48] H. Najjaa, M. Neffati, S. Zouari, and E. Ammar, C. R. Chim. 10 (2007) 820.

[49] E. Guenther, the Essential Oil, Van Nostrand Company Inc, NewYork 3 (1949).

[50] Y. Massada, Analysis of essential oil by gas chromatography and spectrometry, John

Wiley and Sons, NewYork (1976).

[51] W. Li, Q. He, S. Zhang, C. Pei, and B. Hou, Appl. Electrochem. 38 (2008) 289.

[52] O. K. Abiola, and Y. Tobun, Chin. Chem. Lett. 21 (2010) 1449.

[53] A. Ostovari, S. M. Hoseinieh, M. Peikari, S. R. Shadizadeh, and S. J. Hashemi. Corros.

Sci. 51 (2009) 1935.

[54] O. K. Abiola, and J. O. E. Otaigbe, Corros. Sci. 51 (2009) 2790.

[55] S. A. Umoren, I. B. Obot, A. U. Israel, P. O. Asuquo, M. M. Solomon, U. M. Eduok,

A. and P. Udoh, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 20 (2014) 3612.

[56] A. Ghazoui, N. Benchat, F. El-Hajjaji, M. Taleb, Z. Rais, R. Saddik, A. Elaatiaoui, B.

Hammout, Alloys. Compd. 693 (2017) 510.

[57] M. H. Hussin, and M. J. Kassim, Mater. Chem. Phys. 125 (2011) 461.

[58] T. K. Chaitra, K. N. Mohana, D. M. Gurudatt, and H. C. Tandon, Taiwan Inst.

Chem. Eng. 67 (2016) 521.

[59] I. N. Putilova, S. A. Balezin, V. P. Barannik, Metallic Corrosion Inhibitors, Pergamon

Press, NewYork (1960) 31.

[60] E. A. Noor, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2 (2007) 996.

[61] K. J. Laidler, Reaction kinetics, first ed. Pergamon Press, NewYork ,vol. 1, (1963).

[62] S. Martinez, and I. Stern, Appl. Surf. Sci. 83 (2002) 199.

[63] J. Marsh, Advanced Organic Chemistry, third ed. Wiley Eastern, New Delhi (1988).

[64] X. Sheng, Y. Ting, and S. O. Pehkaonen, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 46 (2007) 7117.

Copyright © 2018 by CEE (Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry)

ANALYTICAL & BIOANALYTICAL ELECTROCHEMISTRY (http://www.abechem.com)

Reproduction is permitted for noncommercial purposes.

analytical - abechem.comabechem.com/no. 11-2018/2018, 10(11), 1506-1524.pdf · anal. bioanal....

Documents