Analysis

• On a sheet a paper, create a list of places where people live.

• Then create a list of places where people do not live.

• YOU HAVE 5 MINS. The person with the most accurate answers on the list win!

• http://www.online-stopwatch.com/

People live in places that . . . People DO NOT live in places that . . .

Exceptions to the rule:

Do people live in the same location of early cultural hearths?

Early Cultural Hearths

Current World Population Density

RISE OF CITIES

Why do cities form?

• Use the following pictures to create a list of factors that create cities.

Detroit

What other factors can lead to the development of a city?

What comes after a city starts to develop?

• Schools

• Banks

• Housing

• Transportation

• Hospitals

• Energy

• Cultural Centers

What will happen to cities if a resource disappears?

Urban Urban AreasAreas

Urban AreasUrban Areas •Urban – having something to do with cities. People make a living in ways other than farming.

•Urban areas grouped by:

- population or

- economic activities

Kinds of Kinds of Urban Urban AreasAreas

•Suburbs – areas around a city – large central city•Metropolitan Area – land of a central city and all of its suburbs.•Megalopolis: chain of closely linked metropolitan areas “great city” “Boswash” Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington DC•Primate City: leading city in its country or region

BosWashPrimate City

•Manufacturing

•Government – national, state, provincial capitals.

•Transportation

•Trade/office – generally will be located in a central area.

•Other functions:

- recreation ctrs

- educational ctrs

- religious ctrs

History of History of CitiesCities

•Started about 6,000 years ago.

•First cities:

- Mesopotamia (SW Asia)

Urban Urban FunctionsFunctions

(Eco. (Eco. Activities)Activities)

•Specialization started to develop:

- artisans - merchants

- farmers - ruling elite (military or

religious leaders)

along the Tigris/Euphrates Rivers

- 4,000 BCE

•Running the cities – (usually the ruling elite)- wrote the laws- levied taxes- supervised public building

Earliest Earliest Great CityGreat City

•Rome – ctr of Roman Empire

- built all over Europe

- roads still used today

Sketch a map

- developed the grid system to lay out their cities (later spread all over Europe)

- brought water from the mountains by aqueducts

•Fall of the Roman Empire

- invasion of Germanic tribes

Middle Middle AgesAges

•Villages and cities started to increase again after the Dark Ages

•Trade between the villages would develop into large cities. Two of the largest cities would be Paris and London.

IndustriaIndustrial l RevolutioRevolutionn

•Next large growth of cites – started in Europe and would spread to N. America in the late 1700s.

ImmigratiImmigration & 2on & 2ndnd AgriculturAgricultural al RevolutionRevolution

•Helped spread urbanization in the 20th c.Rural to Urban Migration

•Dramatically increased the size of cities in North America.

Urban Urban EnvironmEnvironmentent

•Shaped by human activities

- cities have to deal with problems and increasing population

Urban Urban LandscapLandscapee

•Site and situation

-influence whether people will settle in certain area

- 2 factors influence this:

ExactExact

locationlocationSite

-actual physical features (landforms, waterways, climate, etc.)

Relative Relative locationlocation

Situation

-position of a place in relation to all places around it.

What What factors do factors do we need for we need for a city?a city?

•Water (fresh)

•Abundant food source

•Fertile land

•Good climate

•Natural protection

These are These are characteristicharacteristics of Site.cs of Site.

ConfluenceConfluence

•Near a trade center

•River – for transportation

•Located near natural resources.

These are These are characteristicharacteristics of cs of SituationSituation

The meeting of two or more bodies of water. It usually refers to the point where two streams flow together, merging into a single stream. It can be where a tributary joins a larger river, called the main stem or where two streams meet to become the source of a river of a new name, such as the confluence of Bell Creek and Arroyo Calabasas, forming the Los Angeles River.

•A city’s good situation guarantees its influence over the area•A city business district (CBD) has areas around it that supply it with raw materials and farm products – called the HINTERLAND.

•The hinterland gets its manufactured products and services from the city.

Impact of Impact of Urban Urban DevelopmenDevelopmentt

•People change the natural landscape to build the city.- animal/plant habitats are destroyed- arable land being used for development

Hinterland CBD

Burgess Burgess ModelModel

Urban Urban ClimateClimate

•urban areas are warmer than rural areas.

•Cities are “URBAN HEAT ISLANDS” (can be up to 3º warmer)

•Buildings change wind patterns.

Urban LifeUrban Life •Common urban problems- unemployment- Housing- Sanitation

- Transportation- Water- Crime- Fire- racial/religious conflict- environmental pollution- decline of the Central Business District

- gentrification: the restoration of run-down urban areas by the middle class (resulting in the displacement of low-income residents).  

When Urbanization occurs quickly more problems occur

Reasons Reasons for for urbanizatiurbanizationon

• Economics: More job opportunities and higher wages

• Favelas in Latin America

World World Patterns of Patterns of Urban Urban DevelopmeDevelopmentnt

•48% of the world’s people live in urban areas.

•Developed countries – 75%

•Developing countries – 35% live in cities

•Last 20 years in developing countries - rapid population growth.

• By 2025 – 60% of the world’s population will live in cities. All but one of the largest cities in the world will be in developing countries.

Migration• Migration: the movement of people from place

to place• Immigrant: A person who comes to live

permanently in a foreign country.• Emigrant: A person who leaves their own

country to settle permanently in another • Refugee: A person who has been forced to

leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster.

• Internally Displaced Person: someone who is forced to flee their home but who, unlike a refugee, remains within their country's borders

• The terms emigrant and immigrant are often incorrectly used, creating confusion at best, and annoyance of English teachers at worst. In general understanding the proper usage can help dispel confusion or quell the rage of would be wordsmiths.

• An emigrant leaves their land to live in another country. The person is emigrating to another country. An immigrant is a person who once resided somewhere else and now lives in your country.

• For example, a Swedish woman decides to emigrate to America. To herself, and to the country of Sweden, the woman is an emigrant to America. To her new American neighbors, the woman is an immigrant from Sweden, implying she has been somewhere else, and now is here, wherever here happens to be. So she has been an emigrant, in coming to America, and now she is a Swedish immigrant.

• The term emigrant implies the process of travel. And emigration is the actual act of relocation from country. The person going from one place to another is in the process of emigrating. Our Swedish woman remains an emigrant to people of her country. To other Americans, she is an immigrant, because she has traveled from somewhere else.

• During the French Revolution, people who had left France because of the escalating tension and violence in France were treated disparagingly if they returned to France. A person might be labeled an Emigrant, if he or she returned to France during the Reign of Terror or shortly thereafter. The term was meant to signify perhaps criminal behavior in fleeing France, as well as the fact that such people emigrated from France.

• Thus when we discuss our forebears who immigrated to the United States, we are in error. Our forebears were emigrants to the United States. To their country of origin, these people were emigrants. However, since we are US citizens, at least in this example, our forebears were immigrants, implying they had come from somewhere not here.

• In general, the distinction can be reduced to the prepositions “to” and “from.” When you are an emigrant, you emigrate “to” a place. When you are an immigrant, you have immigrated “from” some place. Since technically you can be both, it makes matters quite confusing.

• If one can remember “emigrate to” and “immigrate from” this helps to separate the emigrant from the immigrant. As well it may be helpful to realize that an immigrant is a new member of one’s society. An emigrant, on the other hand, is leaving one’s society in search of greener pastures.

Push/Pull Factors

• Migration happens because of push/pull factors

• Push factors: factors that make people leave their country (pushes them out)– Example: lack of jobs, political unrest

• Pull factors: factors that draw people to another country (pulls them in)– Examples: Jobs, Freedoms