analysis of georgia tech universal design survey data ud survey data... · web viewproduct manual...

#4 Universal Design Survey Results

An analysis of a survey of 402 participants

with disabilities focusing on universal design

features found in common consumer

products.

W. Bradley Fain, Ph.D.

October 2006

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This monograph documents the results of research conducted in the Accessibility Evaluation

Facility (AEF) of the Georgia Tech Research Institute. The AEF has performed a series of

accessibility evaluations for both industry and government customers. Although information

about the outcome of specific evaluations has been withheld, the data presented in this

monograph is based upon general outcomes and lessons learned stemming from research

conducted at the Georgia Tech Research Institute.

For additional information about this monograph please contact:

Dr. Brad Fain

Georgia Tech Research Institute

ELSYS/HSID/HSEB Mail Code 0840

Atlanta, GA 30332-0840

Voice (404) 407-7261

Fax (404) 407-9261

[email protected]

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mailto:[email protected]

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents.................................................................................................................3

List of Tables.......................................................................................................................5

Introduction..........................................................................................................................7

Experience with Devices..........................................................................................8

Product Manual Format Preference.........................................................................8

Automated Teller Machines (ATM)..................................................................................10

Level of Experience...............................................................................................10

Difficulty Completing Device Related Activities..................................................10

Usefulness of Features...........................................................................................12

Cell Phones........................................................................................................................18




Distance Learning or Computer Based Training Software................................................26




Personal Digital Assistants (PDA).....................................................................................30




Televisions.........................................................................................................................35




Voice Recognition Software..............................................................................................41


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Appendix A: Georgia Tech Universal Design Survey.......................................................45

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Age of Participants..........................................................................................................12

Table 2: Experience with the Product Lines..................................................................................13

Table 3: Product Manual Preference for each User Type..............................................................14

Table 4: Level of Experience with ATMs by Disability Type......................................................15

Table 5: Reported difficulty in Completing ATM Activities by User Type.................................16

Table 6: Usefulness of ATM Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants without Vision................................................................................................................................................17

Table 7: Usefulness of ATM Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Low Vision.....................................................................................................................................18

Table 8: Usefulness of ATM Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants without Hearing................................................................................................................................................20

Table 9: Usefulness of ATM Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants that are Hard of Hearing..................................................................................................................................20

Table 10: Usefulness of ATM Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Upper Mobility Impairments............................................................................................................21

Table 11: Usefulness of ATM Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Lower Mobility Impairments............................................................................................................22

Table 12: Level of Experience with Cellular Phones by Disability Type.....................................23

Table 13: Reported difficulty in Completing Cellular Phone Activities by User Type................24

Table 14: Usefulness of Cellular Phone Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants without Vision.......................................................................................................................26

Table 15: Usefulness of Cellular Phone Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Low Vision............................................................................................................................27

Table 16: Usefulness of Cellular Phone Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants that are Hard of Hearing...............................................................................................................29

Table 17: Usefulness of Cellular Phone Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Upper Mobility Impairments.................................................................................................29

Table 18: Level of Experience with Distance Learning Software by Disability Type..................31

Table 19: Reported difficulty in Completing Distance Learning Software Activities by User Type.......................................................................................................................................32

Table 20: Usefulness of Distance Learning Software Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants without Vision....................................................................................................33

Table 21: Usefulness of Distance Learning Software Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Low Vision................................................................................................33

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Table 22: Usefulness of Distance Learning Software Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Upper Mobility Impairments.....................................................................34

Table 23: Level of Experience with PDAs by Disability Type.....................................................35

Table 24: Reported difficulty in Completing PDA Activities by User Type................................36

Table 25: Usefulness of PDA Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants without Vision................................................................................................................................................37

Table 26: Usefulness of PDA Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Low Vision.....................................................................................................................................38

Table 27: Usefulness of PDA Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Upper Mobility Impairments............................................................................................................39

Table 28: Level of Experience with Televisions by Disability Type............................................40

Table 29: Reported difficulty in Completing Television Activities by User Type.......................41

Table 30: Usefulness of Television Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants without Vision.....................................................................................................................................42

Table 31: Usefulness of Television Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Low Vision.....................................................................................................................................43

Table 32: Usefulness of Television Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants without Hearing..................................................................................................................................43

Table 33: Usefulness of Television Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants that are Hard of Hearing.....................................................................................................................44

Table 34: Usefulness of Television Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Upper Mobility Impairments.................................................................................................45

Table 35: Level of Experience with Voice Recognition Software by Disability Type.................46

Table 36: Reported difficulty in Completing Voice Recognition Software Activities by User Type.......................................................................................................................................47

Table 37: Usefulness of Voice Recognition Software Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants without Vision....................................................................................................48

Table 38: Usefulness of Voice Recognition Software Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Low Vision................................................................................................48

Table 39: Usefulness of Voice Recognition Software Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants that are Hard of Hearing....................................................................................49

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INTRODUCTION

A total of 402 individuals with disabilities participated in the Georgia Tech Universal Design

survey (see Appendix A). The survey provided three general types of accessibility data on six

device types: automated teller machines (ATMs), cell phones, distance learning or computer

based training software, personal digital assistants (PDAs), televisions, and voice recognition

software. For each device, participants were asked to (1) indicate their level of experience with

the device, (2) estimate the level of disability-related difficulty in using the device, and (3) rate

the usefulness of a set of disability-specific accessibility features that might be associated with

the device. Most data are presented in tabular format. Where appropriate, the standard deviation

(SD) of a measure has been indicated in parentheses.

The survey captured data from people with a wide range of disabilities, including vision

(38%), hearing (29%), and both upper (37%) and lower (42%) mobility impairments.

Summary statistics were compiled for six general areas of disability: blindness, low

vision, deafness, hard of hearing, and upper and lower mobility impairments. Most

respondents (75%) were 35-64 years of age. Table 1 contains a breakout of the survey

participants by reported age.

Table 1: Age of Participants.

Age Proportion of respondents

18- 24 4%

25 - 34 14%

35 - 44 25%

45 - 54 31%

55 - 64 20%

65 - 74 5%

75 or older 2%

As a whole, respondents tended to have a good deal of experience using ATMs, cell

phones, and televisions, but little experience with distance learning/computer based

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training, voice recognition software, and PDAs (though this was sometimes dependent on

a person’s disability, as discussed below). While people who are deaf seem to have the

greatest difficulty in using voice recognition software, each of the remaining device types

under examination presented the greatest barriers to users who are blind.

Experience with Devices

Respondents were asked to indicate their level of experience for each device on a four-point

scale. Values represent the mean value on the following scale: 1 = no experience, 2 = little

experience, 3 = some experience, and 4 = very experienced. Error: Reference source not found

summarizes the indicated level of experience reported by users for each product line.

Respondents were familiar with the use of ATMs, cellular telephones, and televisions.

Respondents were less familiar with the use of distance learning/computer based training

software, PDAs, and voice recognition software.

Table 2: Experience with the Product Lines.

Device Type Mean (SD)

Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) 3.3 (1.0)

Cellular Telephones 3.2 (1.0)

Distance Learning or Computer Based Training

software

2.0 (1.1)

Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) 1.9 (1.1)

Televisions 3.9 (0.5)

Voice Recognition Software 1.8 (1.1)

Product Manual Format Preference

Participants were asked for their preferred format for product manuals. Values represent the

proportion of respondents of a particular disability type that preferred that format. Table 3

contains the proportion of respondents that reported a preference for product manual format.

While most users preferred a standard print manual, low vision users reported a preference for

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large print manuals and users without vision preferred either an audio tape manual or electronic

manual in accessible HTML. Many users without vision also reported a preference for a Braille

manual.

Table 3: Product Manual Preference for each User Type.

Blind

Low

Vision Deaf

Hard of

Hearing

Upper

Mobility

Lower

Mobility

Standard print 2 24 64 54 43 48

Large print 4 43 8 17 17 17

Electronic - web site 21 10 0 5 17 15

Electronic - Adobe PDF format 4 4 19 7 13 12

Audio tape 29 6 0 3 2 2

Video instructions 2 4 3 8 4 3

Braille 29 2 0 0 0 0

Other 4 6 6 5 4 2

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AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINES (ATM)

For the most part, respondents indicated a fairly high level of experience with using ATM

machines, along with low levels of difficulty in completing device-related activities. The

exception seemed to be with participants without vision. These respondents indicated a slightly

lower level of experience with ATMs than the other groups, though the majority in this group

indicated they had at least some experience on this device. Furthermore, people without vision

seemed to have a greater level of difficulty in using ATMs. While people in the other disability

categories tended to have little or no trouble in accomplishing tasks, respondents who were blind

indicated they had at least some difficulty on many tasks, including basic tasks such as locating

accessible ATMs, making deposits, checking account balances, and printing a statement.

Level of Experience

Respondents were asked to indicate their level of experience using automated teller machines

(ATMs) on a four-point scale. Results are presented in Table 4. Values represent the mean

value on the following scale: 1 = no experience, 2 = little experience, 3 = some experience, and 4

= very experienced.

Table 4: Level of Experience with ATMs by Disability Type.

Disability Type Mean (SD)

Blind 2.6 (1.0)

Low vision 3.2 (1.0)

Deaf 3.5 (0.9)

Hard of hearing 3.3 (1.1)

Upper mobility 3.3 (1.0)

Lower mobility 3.4 (0.9)

Difficulty Completing Device Related Activities

Respondents estimated the difficulty they had in personally accomplishing activities in the

previous year due to physical or cognitive limitations caused by a disability. Results are

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presented in Table 5. Values represent the mean value on the following scale: 1 = little or no

difficulty, 2 = some difficulty, 3 = great difficulty. Users without vision reported great difficulty

in performing the following activities:

Locating an ATM Locating an accessible ATM Making a cash withdrawal Making a deposit Checking account balances Printing a statement Reading a receipt

Low vision users reported some difficulty in locating an accessible ATM, making a deposit, and

reading the receipt. Users without hearing or hard of hearing users reported little difficulty in

performing the activities associated with ATM usage. Users with mobility impairments reported

some difficulty in locating an accessible ATM, inserting the bank card, entering the PIN number,

making a cash withdrawal, making a deposit, retrieving a receipt, and retrieving the bank card.

Table 5: Reported difficulty in Completing ATM Activities by User Type.

Activity BlindLow

Vision DeafHard of Hearing

Upper Mobility

Lower Mobility

Locating an ATM 2.3 (0.9)

1.4 (0.6)

1.1 (0.4)

1.3

(0.6)

1.3

(0.5)

1.3

(0.5)

Locating an accessible ATM 2.7 (0.8)

1.8 (0.9)

1.2 (0.5)

1.5

(0.8)

1.9

(0.8)

1.9

(0.8)

Inserting the bank card 1.8 (0.9)

1.6 (0.7)

1.1 (0.3)

1.5

(0.8)

1.9

(0.8)

1.8

(0.8)

Remembering a PIN number 1.2 (0.7)

1.3 (0.7)

1.3 (0.6)

1.3

(0.6)

1.3

(0.6)

1.2

(0.5)

Entering a PIN number 1.7 (1.0)

1.5 (0.7)

1.2 (0.5)

1.5

(0.8)

1.7

(0.8)

1.7

(0.8)

Making a cash withdrawal 2.3 (0.9)

1.6 (0.7)

1.1 (0.2)

1.4

(0.7)

1.8

(0.8)

1.7

(0.8)

Making a deposit 2.6 (0.8)

1.7 (0.8)

1.1 (0.3)

1.5

(0.9)

1.9

(0.9)

1.8

(0.9)

Checking account balances 2.4 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.5

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(1.0) (0.8) (0.6)

(0.8)

(0.8)

(0.8)

Printing a statement 2.5 (0.9)

1.6 (0.9)

1.1 (0.6)

1.3

(0.7)

1.6

(0.9)

1.5

(0.8)

Retrieving a receipt 1.8 (1.0)

1.6 (0.8)

1.1 (0.2)

1.4

(0.7)

1.8

(0.9)

1.8

(0.9)

Retrieving the bank card 1.6 (0.9)

1.5 (0.7)

1.1 (0.4)

1.4

(0.7)

2.0

(0.8)

1.9

(0.9)

Reading a receipt 2.9 (0.6)

1.8 (0.9)

1.2 (0.6)

1.3

(0.7)

1.3

(0.6)

1.3

(0.6)

Usefulness of Features

Participants were asked to estimate the usefulness of accessibility features associated with the

device on a four-point scale. Values represent the mean value on the following scale: 1 = not

useful, 2 = slightly useful, 3 = moderately useful, 4 = extremely useful. Features differed by

disability type and therefore are presented as such. Table 6 presents the results of the assessment

of the usefulness of ATM accessibility features for users without vision. Features associated

with the operation of an ATM with voice displays (Talking ATM) were consistently rated as

useful. However, users rated voice control of ATMs as moderately useful. Users also rated

items associated with touch discernable keys (nib on the ‘5’ key, keys discernable by touch, and

Braille labels) as useful.

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Table 6: Usefulness of ATM Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants without Vision.

Feature Mean (SD)

Private headphone jacks for Talking ATMs 3.7 (0.8)

Replay control for Talking ATMs 3.7 (0.8)

Instructions provided in audio 3.6 (1.0)

Raised area (nib) on the '5' key 3.6 (0.9)

Talking ATM (ATM with voice displays) 3.6 (0.9)

Volume controls for Talking ATMs 3.6 (0.9)

Ability to request additional time 3.5 (1.0)

Keys on the keypad that are discernible by touch 3.5 (1.0)

Pause control for Talking ATMs 3.5 (1.0)

Braille keypads 3.2 (1.2)

ATMs that can be controlled by a cell phone or PDA 2.9 (1.3)

Large keys for the keypad 2.6 (1.3)

Voice recognition for Talking ATMs 2.6 (1.4)

High contrast displays 1.7 (1.1)

Large fonts on the display 1.7 (1.2)

Large display screens 1.5 (1.0)

Table 7 presents the results of the assessment of the usefulness of ATM accessibility features for

users with low vision. Users with low vision preferred to enhance the visual displays by

increasing the contrast of the displays and introducing larger displays and keys, as opposed to

using a voice display. Users with low vision also reported that the ability to request additional

time is useful.

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Table 7: Usefulness of ATM Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Low Vision.

Feature Mean (SD)


















users without hearing. Users rated accessibility features associated with providing text or

graphical equivalents of auditory information as useful.

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Table 8: Usefulness of ATM Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants without Hearing.

Feature Mean (SD)

Visual alerts 3.8 (0.5)

Graphical instructions 3.6 (0.7)

Text equivalents for auditory information 3.6 (0.9)

Remote control (cell phone or PDA) 2.3 (1.5)


users that are hard of hearing. Users that are hard of hearing rated the usefulness of accessibility

features associated with providing text or graphical equivalents of auditory information as useful.

The rating scores of usefulness for users that are hard of hearing were slightly lower than scores

associated with users without hearing.

Table 9: Usefulness of ATM Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants that are Hard of Hearing.

Feature Mean

Text equivalents for auditory information 3.4 (1.2)

Visual alerts 3.3 (1.2)

Graphical instructions 3.2 (1.2)

Remote control (cell phone or PDA) 2.5 (1.5)

Table 10 presents the results of the assessment of the usefulness of ATM accessibility features

for users with upper mobility impairments. Most users reported the listed accessibility features

as being only moderately useful. The accessibility features receiving the highest scores were

larger keys and increased spacing between the keys. Ease to press keys was also rated as a

useful feature.

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Table 10: Usefulness of ATM Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Upper Mobility Impairments.

Feature Mean (SD)

Increased space between adjacent keys 3.1 (1.2)


Keys that may be operated without human contact 2.9 (1.4)

Touchscreen displays 2.9 (1.3)

Detachable controls 2.8 (1.4)



Rubberized keys 2.7 (1.4)

Concave (curved inward) keys on the keypads 2.6 (1.3)







Table 11 presents the results of the assessment of the usefulness of ATM accessibility features

for users with lower mobility impairments. Users rated the accessibility features listed in the

survey as only moderately useful. Accessibility features associated with making the display

screen easier to read (high contrast displays, large fonts, and large display screens) and larger

keys were rated as most useful.

Table 11: Usefulness of ATM Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Lower Mobility Impairments.

Feature Mean (SD)

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Detachable controls 2.8 (1.3)









Voice Display (Talking ATM) 2.5 (1.4)




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CELL PHONES

Respondents also indicated a fairly high level of experience with using cell phones. People who

were deaf had a lower level of experience overall with this device, and seem to have a good deal

of trouble using cell phones. People who were blind reported having great difficulty with many

aspects of using this device, including determining signal strength, sending and receiving text

messages, storing phone numbers, and accessing caller ID (functions and information that are

normally only provided on the display).

Level of Experience

Respondents were asked to indicate their level of experience using cell phones on a four-point

scale. Results are presented in Table 12. Values represent the mean value on the following

scale: 1 = no experience, 2 = little experience, 3 = some experience, and 4 = very experienced.

Most users were experienced with using cellular phones. Users with hearing impairments,

particularly deaf users, were less experienced than others.

Table 12: Level of Experience with Cellular Phones by Disability Type.


Blind 3.4 (0.9)


Deaf 1.9 (1.0)








difficulty, 2 = some difficulty, 3 = great difficulty. Users without vision had great difficulty

18

using the advanced functionality of cellular phones. Users without vision rated storing a phone

number, recalling a stored phone number, receiving caller-id information, determining battery

status, determining signal strength, detecting when the phone is in roam mode, and using text

messaging as extremely difficult primarily because of the inaccessibility of the visual display.

Low vision users reported the most difficulty in using text messaging features. Users with

hearing impairments reported difficulty in receiving a phone call and accessing voice mail.

Users with mobility impairments generally found cellular phones to be accessible but reported

some difficulty in using text messaging.

Table 13: Reported difficulty in Completing Cellular Phone Activities by User Type.

BlindLow


Upper Mobility

Lower Mobility

Locating the cell phone 1.2

(0.5)

1.4

(0.6)

1.3

(0.6)

1.5

(0.8)

1.5

(0.7)

1.4

(0.7)

Turning the phone on and off 1.1

(0.4)

1.5

(0.6)

1.3

(0.6)

1.5

(0.8)

1.6

(0.8)

1.5

(0.7)

Locking the phone 1.9

(1.0)

1.8

(0.9)

1.3

(0.6)

1.7

(0.9)

1.8

(0.9)

1.6

(0.8)

Unlocking the phone 2.0

(1.1)

1.9

(0.9)

1.3

(0.6)

1.7

(1.0)

1.8

(0.9)

1.7

(0.8)

Dialing numbers on the keypad 1.3

(0.7)

1.6

(0.7)

1.2

(0.5)

1.5

(0.8)

1.8

(0.8)

1.7

(0.8)

Storing a phone number 2.7

(0.7)

1.9

(0.9)

1.4

(0.8)

1.7

(0.9)

1.8

(0.9)

1.7

(0.8)

Recalling a stored phone number 2.5

(0.8)

1.8

(0.9)

1.4

(0.8)

1.7

(0.9)

1.7

(0.8)

1.6

(0.8)

Receiving a phone call 1.2

(0.5)

1.5

(0.7)

2.5

(0.8)

2.0

(0.9)

1.7

(0.9)

1.5

(0.8)

Receiving caller-id information 2.8

(0.6)

1.9

(1.0)

2.1

(1.1)

1.8

(0.9)

1.7

(0.9)

1.6

(0.8)

Accessing voice mail 1.5

(0.8)

1.9

(1.0)

3.0

(0.3)

2.2

(0.8)

1.8

(0.9)

1.7

(0.8)

Attaching a headset 1.6 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8

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BlindLow


Upper Mobility

Lower Mobility

(1.1) (1.1) (1.1) (1.0)

(0.9)

(0.9)

Determining battery status 2.6

(0.8)

1.7

(0.9)

1.3

(0.6)

1.6

(0.9)

1.4

(0.8)

1.4

(0.7)

Determining signal strength 2.8

(0.8)

1.8

(0.9)

1.4

(0.9)

1.7

(1.0)

1.5

(0.8)

1.4

(0.7)

Detecting when the phone is in roam mode

2.8

(0.7)

2.0

(1.0)

1.4

(0.7)

1.8

(0.9)

1.5

(0.8)

1.5

(0.8)

Receiving a text message 2.9

(0.7)

2.3

(1.0)

1.5

(0.9)

2.0

(1.1)

1.9

(1.0)

1.9

(1.0)

Sending a text message 3.0

(0.5)

2.4

(1.0)

1.8

(0.9)

2.1

(1.0)

2.2

(1.0)

2.1

(1.1)

Charging the phone 1.2

(0.6)

1.3

(0.6)

1.1

(0.2)

1.4

(0.8)

1.5

(0.8)

1.4

(0.7)





disability type and therefore are presented as such.

Table 14 presents the results of the assessment of the usefulness of cellular phone accessibility

features for users without vision. Users rated accessibility features associated with non-visual

presentation of visual information as being extremely useful. The highest rated accessibility

feature was talking battery level indicators, as users without vision often do not know if they

need to recharge their phone until minutes before the battery is exhausted. Participants also

reported that voiced menu options would be extremely useful. Users without vision are not able

to use the advanced functionality of their cellular phones because of the inaccessibility of the

display menus. The raised area (nib) on the ‘5’ key used in conjunction with a standard

telephone keypad layout is also a very useful feature. Users without vision are very familiar with

20

the standard telephone keypad layout and can easily orient themselves to the keypad by locating

the central ‘5’ key.

Table 14: Usefulness of Cellular Phone Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants without Vision.

Feature Mean (SD)


Talking battery level indicators 3.8 (0.6)

Talking signal strength indicators 3.8 (0.6)

Voiced menu options (equivalent of a screen reader for the phone) 3.8 (0.6)

Keypress feedback (beeps indicating a key has been pressed) 3.7 (0.8)


Talking Caller-ID 3.7 (0.8)

Adjustable volume 3.6 (0.8)

One-touch dialing 3.3 (1.0)

Customized ring tones (assigning a ring tone to a specific caller) 3.2 (1.1)

Vibrating ringer 3.1 (1.1)

Voice dialing 3.1 (1.1)

More space between keys on the keypad 2.9 (1.2)


Larger keys on the keypad 2.7 (1.3)

Simplified connector for headsets 2.6 (1.3)

Simplified connector for power 2.6 (1.3)

21


features for users with low vision. In contrast to users without vision, users with low vision do

not prefer to make use of visual information presented in other formats. Instead of replacing

display menus with voiced menus, users with low vision prefer to rely on their remaining visual

capability. Therefore, high contrast displays and larger display screens are perceived as being

very useful.

Table 15: Usefulness of Cellular Phone Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Low Vision.

Feature Mean (SD)





Larger keys on the keypad 3.4 (1.0)

More space between keys on the keypad 3.3 (1.0)


Vibrating ringer 3.3 (1.0)


Talking battery level indicators 3.2 (1.2)




Talking Caller-ID 3.1 (1.1)

Customized ring tones (assigning a ring tone to a specific caller) 3.0 (1.1)


Screen magnifiers (devices placed over the screen to magnify the 3.0 (1.1)

22

Feature Mean (SD)

display)

Talking signal strength indicators 3.0 (1.2)

Voiced menu options (equivalent of a screen reader for the phone) 2.9 (1.2)



Users without hearing ranked vibrating alerts (average score = 3.7; SD = 0.9) and TTY

compatibility (average score = 3.6; SD = 1.0) as extremely useful accessibility features for

cellular phones.


features for users that are hard of hearing. Users that are hard of hearing ranked adjustable

volume as the most useful accessibility feature for cellular phones. Often, the range of volume

adjustment available on standard cellular phones is not sufficient for users with diminished

hearing capacity. Vibrating alerts were also rated very useful because it is difficult for some

users with hearing impairments to detect when a call is being received.

23

Table 16: Usefulness of Cellular Phone Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants that are Hard of Hearing.

Feature Mean (SD)


Vibrating alerts 3.4 (1.1)

Hearing aid compatibility (phones designed to work with hearing

aids)

3.3 (1.2)

Amplified headsets 3.2 (1.2)

Loopsets for hearing aids 3.1 (1.4)

TTY compatibility 2.8 (1.4)


features for users with upper mobility impairments. Users with upper mobility impairments

ranked accessibility features associated with hands-free operation as being most useful. Users

also reported that accessibility features of the keypad, such as larger keys, increased distances

between adjacent keys, and keypress feedback are very useful. Speed dialing features were also

ranked as very useful.

Users with lower mobility impairments ranked speaker phones (average score = 3.2; SD =1.2)

and cradles that attach to mobility aides such as wheelchairs or scooters (average score 3.2; SD =

1.2) as being moderately useful.

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Table 17: Usefulness of Cellular Phone Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Upper Mobility Impairments.

Feature Mean (SD)

Speakerphone 3.6 (0.9)




Larger keys on the keypads 3.4 (1.0)




Keys that may be operated without human contact 3.1 (1.3)




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DISTANCE LEARNING OR COMPUTER BASED TRAINING

SOFTWARE

Respondents were much less experienced with distance learning and computer based training

software. Nonetheless, most participants indicated they have little difficulty in accomplishing

tasks related to this category. The exception again is people who are blind, who indicated high

levels of difficulty in accomplishing relevant tasks such as using chat software, viewing

PowerPoint presentations, and reading documents in PDF format.

Level of Experience

Respondents were asked to indicate their level of experience using distance learning or computer

based training software on a four-point scale. Results are presented in Table 18. Values

represent the mean value on the following scale: 1 = no experience, 2 = little experience, 3 =

some experience, and 4 = very experienced. Users of all disability types were not very

experienced with distance learning software.

Table 18: Level of Experience with Distance Learning Software by Disability Type.


Blind 2.0 (1.2)


Deaf 1.7 (0.9)








difficulty, 2 = some difficulty, 3 = great difficulty. Blind users reported great difficulty in using

26

instant messaging software, reading documents in Adobe PDF format, viewing presentations in

Microsoft PowerPoint format, and using on-line chat software.

Table 19: Reported difficulty in Completing Distance Learning Software Activities by User Type.

BlindLow


Upper Mobility

Lower Mobility

Reading E-mail messages 1.3 (0.6)

1.2 (0.5)

1.0 (0.0)

1.2

(0.4)

1.2

(0.5)

1.2

(0.5)

Using instant messaging software 2.2 (0.8)

1.8 (0.9)

1.1 (0.3)

1.8

(1.0)

1.6

(0.9)

1.6

(0.9)

Reading documents in Microsoft Word format

1.3 (0.6)

1.3 (0.5)

1.0 (0.0)

1.3

(0.6)

1.2

(0.6)

1.2

(0.5)

Reading documents in Adobe PDF format

2.5 (0.7)

1.7 (0.9)

1.1 (0.5)

1.5

(0.8)

1.4

(0.7)

1.3

(0.7)

Viewing presentations in Microsoft PowerPoint format

2.7 (0.6)

1.6 (0.8)

1.1 (0.3)

1.6

(0.8)

1.4

(0.8)

1.3

(0.7)

Using chat software 2.6 (0.7)

1.8 (1.0)

1.4 (0.8)

2.0

(1.1)

1.6

(0.9)

1.6

(0.9)

Taking a course on-line 2.1 (0.7)

1.6 (0.8)

1.4 (0.7)

1.9

(0.9)

1.6

(0.8)

1.5

(0.8)

Receiving computer based training 2.2 (0.5)

1.6 (0.8)

1.6 (0.8)

1.8

(0.8)

1.5

(0.8)

1.4

(0.7)






Table 20 presents the results of the assessment of the usefulness of distance learning software

accessibility features for users without vision. Users ranked screen reader compatibility and text

description of visual items as extremely useful.

27

Table 20: Usefulness of Distance Learning Software Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants without Vision.

Feature Mean (SD)

Screen reader compatibility 4.0 (0.3)

Graphics that are described in detail 3.8 (0.7)

Video that is described in detail 3.8 (0.7)


accessibility features for users with low vision. In contrast to users without vision, users with

low vision rated items associated with increased utility of the visual displays higher than screen

reader compatibility or described visual items. Users with low vision would prefer to increase

the font size of the visual display over using a screen magnifier.

Table 21: Usefulness of Distance Learning Software Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Low Vision.

Feature Mean (SD)

Adjustable contrast 3.5 (1.0)

Adjustable font sizes 3.5 (1.0)

Screen magnifier compatibility 3.2 (1.2)


Video that is described in detail 3.1 (1.3)

Graphics that are described in detail 3.0 (1.3)

Participants without hearing rated closed captioned video as extremely useful (average score =

4.0; SD = 0.00). Participants who are hard of hearing rated closed captioned video (average

score = 3.4; SD = 1.2) and adjustable volume (average score = 3.5; SD = 1.0) as being very

useful.


accessibility features for users with upper mobility impairments. Users with upper mobility

28

impairments may require additional time while interacting with classroom materials or taking an

on-line test. The ability to request additional time was ranked as the most useful accessibility

feature.

Table 22: Usefulness of Distance Learning Software Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Upper Mobility Impairments.

Feature Mean (SD)


Voice recognition 3.2 (1.2)


Participants with lower mobility impairments rated touch screen displays as moderately useful

(average score = 2.8; SD = 1.3).

29

PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANTS (PDA)

Most respondents seemed to have very little experience with using PDAs. Related tasks

presented only a small degree of difficulty to most user groups, though respondents with visual

impairments noted great difficulty in several areas including adjusting controls and installing

software.

Level of Experience

Respondents were asked to indicate their level of experience using a personal digital assistant

(PDA) on a four-point scale. Results are presented in Table 23. Values represent the mean value

on the following scale: 1 = no experience, 2 = little experience, 3 = some experience, and 4 =

very experienced. All user types reported similar levels of experience with PDAs.

Table 23: Level of Experience with PDAs by Disability Type.


Blind 1.7 (1.1)


Deaf 2.0 (1.1)








difficulty, 2 = some difficulty, 3 = great difficulty. Blind users reported extreme difficulty in

using mainstream PDA consumer products. Mainstream PDAs rely on the use of a stylus

operated display that is completely inaccessible to users without vision. However, users without

vision may rely on Braille note takers or other alternative input devices that allow them to

perform some of the same functions of mainstream PDAs. In general, when blind users reported

30

experience with using PDAs, they were reporting their experiences with alternative interface

devices.

Table 24: Reported difficulty in Completing PDA Activities by User Type.

BlindLow


Upper Mobility

Lower Mobility

Locating the PDA 1.3 (0.6)

1.4 (0.7)

1.3 (0.7)

1.8

(1.0)

1.5

(0.8)

1.4

(0.7)

Turning the PDA on and off 1.2 (0.6)

1.5 (0.8)

1.3 (0.6)

1.8

(1.0)

1.7

(0.9)

1.5

(0.8)

Adjusting screen contrast 3.1 (0.7)

2.0 (0.9)

1.5 (0.8)

2.1

(1.1)

2.0

(1.0)

1.7

(0.9)

Adjusting font sizes 3.1 (0.7)

2.1 (0.9)

1.6 (0.8)

2.3

(1.1)

2.1

(1.0)

1.8

(0.9)

Storing an appointment 1.7 (0.8)

1.9 (0.9)

1.4 (0.7)

2.0

(1.2)

1.9

(1.0)

1.7

(1.0)

Recalling an appointment 1.6 (0.8)

1.9 (1.0)

1.3 (0.7)

2.0

(1.1)

1.9

(1.0)

1.7

(0.9)

Receiving an alert (i.e. appointment notification)

1.5 (0.8)

1.8 (1.1)

1.6 (0.8)

2.2

(1.1)

1.9

(1.0)

1.7

(0.9)

Viewing the calendar 1.7 (0.8)

1.9 (1.0)

1.4 (0.7)

2.0

(1.2)

1.9

(1.0)

1.7

(0.9)

Storing contact information 1.6 (0.9)

1.9 (0.9)

1.3 (0.6)

2.0

(1.1)

1.9

(1.0)

1.7

(0.9)

Recalling contact information 1.6 (0.9)

1.9 (1.0)

1.3 (0.6)

2.0

(1.1)

1.9

(1.0)

1.7

(0.9)

Installing software 2.4 (1.0)

2.3 (0.9)

1.4 (0.7)

2.4

(1.1)

2.1

(1.0)

2.0

(0.9)




31



Table 25 presents the results of the assessment of the usefulness of PDA accessibility features for

users without vision. The most useful accessibility feature for users without vision is

compatibility with screen readers. Currently, screen reader technology is not available for

mainstream consumer products powered by the Microsoft Pocket PC or the Palm operating

systems. Availability of screen reader technologies would greatly increase the accessibility of

PDAs for users without vision.

Table 25: Usefulness of PDA Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants without Vision.

Feature Mean (SD)


Keys that are discernible by touch 3.6 (0.8)

Adjustable timeouts 3.2 (1.2)

Speech recognition 3.1 (1.2)




More space between keys 2.6 (1.2)

Large keys 2.4 (1.2)


users with low vision. Users with low vision ranked accessibility features associated with

increasing the readability of visual displays as very useful. In contrast to users without vision,

users with low vision ranked compatibility with screen readers as only moderately useful.

32

Table 26: Usefulness of PDA Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Low Vision.

Feature Mean (SD)


Adjustable contrast 3.5 (1.1)

Large displays 3.5 (1.1)

Ability to adjust screen colors 3.4 (1.1)

Adjustable font sizes 3.4 (1.1)


Adjustable timeouts 3.3 (1.2)

More space between keys 3.3 (1.2)

Screen magnifier compatibility 3.3 (1.3)



Keys that are discernible by touch 3.2 (1.3)




Participants without hearing rated vibrating alerts as extremely useful (average score = 3.6; SD =

0.9). Participants that are hard of hearing reported that vibrating alerts (average score = 3.5; SD

= 1.1) and adjustable volume (average score = 3.4; SD = 1.2) are very useful accessibility

features for PDAs.


users with upper mobility impairments. Users with upper mobility impairments ranked

33

accessibility features associated with keys (key size and distance between adjacent keys) as

being most useful.

Table 27: Usefulness of PDA Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Upper Mobility Impairments.

Feature Mean (SD)





Keys that may be operated without human

contact

3.1 (1.3)

Simplified connector for headsets3.1 (1.3)




Participants with lower mobility impairments reported that a cradle that attaches to a mobility aid

such as a wheelchair or scooter would be a useful accessibility feature of PDAs (average score =

3.2; SD = 1.3).

34

TELEVISIONS

Televisions were defined to include both standard definition and high definition (HDTV)

models. Most all respondents indicated a very high level of experience using a television, and

most reported they had very little difficulty accomplishing related tasks. Blind participants were

once again the exception, as they indicated great difficulty in using the advanced features of the

television such as picture-in-picture features, accessing electronic program guides, and activating

features such as closed-captioning and descriptive video services.

Level of Experience

Respondents were asked to indicate their level of experience using a television on a four-point

scale. Results are presented in Table 28. Values represent the mean value on the following

scale: 1 = no experience, 2 = little experience, 3 = some experience, and 4 = very experienced.

All user groups reported high levels of experience with televisions.

Table 28: Level of Experience with Televisions by Disability Type.


Blind 3.8 (0.5)


Deaf 3.9 (0.5)








difficulty, 2 = some difficulty, 3 = great difficulty. Users of all types reported little difficulty in

using basic television features and some difficulty in using more advanced features such as

35

activating accessibility features, using picture-in-picture, accessing the program guide, or

adjusting picture quality settings. Users without vision could access basic television features as

easily as other users. However, blind users had more difficulty accessing advanced functionality

as compared to the other user types.

Table 29: Reported difficulty in Completing Television Activities by User Type.

BlindLow


Upper Mobility

Lower Mobility

Turning the television on and off 1.2 (0.5)

1.1 (0.4)

1.1 (0.6)

1.1

(0.4)

1.2

(0.6)

1.2

(0.5)

Changing the channel 1.2 (0.5)

1.2 (0.4)

1.0 (0.2)

1.2

(0.4)

1.2

(0.5)

1.2

(0.5)

Changing the input source (cable, VCR, etc.)

2.3 (0.9)

1.8 (0.8)

1.4 (0.7)

1.9

(0.8)

1.7

(0.8)

1.7

(0.8)

Adjusting the volume 1.1 (0.4)

1.1 (0.4)

1.2 (0.5)

1.2

(0.5)

1.2

(0.5)

1.2

(0.5)

Activating closed captioning 2.7 (1.0)

1.7 (0.9)

1.2 (0.5)

1.7

(0.9)

1.7

(0.8)

1.7

(0.9)

Activating descriptive video services

2.5 (1.0)

2.0 (1.0)

1.6 (1.0)

2.0

(1.1)

1.8

(1.0)

1.9

(1.1)

Using picture-in-picture features 2.9 (0.8)

2.1 (1.1)

2.0 (1.1)

2.2

(1.1)

1.9

(1.0)

2.0

(1.1)

Adjusting picture quality settings 2.9 (0.8)

1.9 (1.0)

1.3 (0.6)

1.7

(1.0)

1.7

(0.9)

1.7

(0.9)

Accessing the electronic program guide

2.9 (0.7)

2.0 (1.0)

1.5 (1.0)

1.9

(1.1)

1.5

(0.8)

1.5

(0.9)






36

Table 30 presents the results of the assessment of the usefulness of television accessibility

features for users without vision. Users without vision rated descriptive video services as the

must useful accessibility feature for televisions. Relatively few programs are available with

audio description, although it is becoming more popular. Easy access to accessibility features

via a dedicated button on the remote control was also ranked as a very useful function. Several

television manufacturers now offer television sets with dedicated buttons for closed captioning

and control of the secondary audio program (SAP) for audio description services. Users without

vision also ranked voiced equivalents for on-screen menus and program guides as useful

accessibility features.

Table 30: Usefulness of Television Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants without Vision.

Feature Mean (SD)

Descriptive video services 4.0 (0.2)

Voiced on-screen menus 3.9 (0.6)

Voiced program guides 3.9 (0.5)

Dedicated buttons on the remote control to control descriptive video

services

3.8 (0.7)

Talking remote controls 3.6 (0.8)

Voice activated remote controls 2.9 (1.2)

Large buttons on the remote 2.6 (1.2)

More space between keys on the remote 2.6 (1.2)


features for users with low vision. Users with low vision ranked the accessibility features

associated with increasing the readability of the on-screen program guide as being very useful.

Users also felt that features associated with the usability of the remote control, such as large

buttons and more space between adjacent buttons, were also useful.

Table 31: Usefulness of Television Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Low Vision.

Feature Mean (SD)

37

Ability to adjust program guide background color 3.4 (1.0)

Ability to adjust program guide font size 3.4 (0.9)


Ability to adjust program guide font color 3.2 (1.1)

More space between keys on the remote 3.2 (0.9)

Dedicated buttons on the remote control to control descriptive video

services

3.1 (1.2)

Descriptive video services 3.0 (1.3)

Voiced on-screen menus 2.9 (1.2)

Voiced program guides 2.9 (1.3)




features for users without hearing. Users without hearing ranked closed captioning and the

presence of a dedicated button on the remote control to control closed captioning as the most

important accessibility features for televisions. Users also noted that the ability to adjust the

presentation of closed captioned text was also useful.

38

Table 32: Usefulness of Television Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants without Hearing.

Feature Mean (SD)

Closed captioning 4.0 (0.0)

Dedicated buttons on the remote control to

control closed captioning

3.9 (0.4)

Ability to adjust closed captioning font size 3.8 (0.5)

Ability to adjust closed captioning display rate 3.7 (0.7)

Ability to adjust closed captioning background

color

3.6 (0.8)

Ability to adjust closed captioning font color 3.6 (0.8)


features for users who are hard of hearing. Accessibility feature priority identified by users that

are hard of hearing was identical to that of users without hearing. Users who are hard of hearing

judged each accessibility feature as being slightly less useful than users without hearing.

Table 33: Usefulness of Television Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants that are Hard of Hearing.

Feature Mean (SD)

Closed captioning 3.4 (1.1)

Dedicated buttons on the remote control to

control closed captioning

3.3 (1.1)

Ability to adjust closed captioning font size 3.2 (1.1)

Ability to adjust closed captioning display rate 3.1 (1.2)

Ability to adjust closed captioning background

color

3.0 (1.2)

Ability to adjust closed captioning font color 2.9 (1.2)

39


features for users with upper mobility impairments. Users with upper mobility impairments

judged accessibility features associated with remote controls as being most useful.

Table 34: Usefulness of Television Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Upper Mobility Impairments.

Feature Mean (SD)


Increased space between adjacent buttons 3.3 (1.0)


Concave (curved inward) buttons 2.8 (1.3)


Participants with lower mobility impairments ranked voice activated remote controls (average

score = 2.9; SD = 1.3) and talking remote controls (average score = 2.5; SD = 1.4) as between

slightly and moderately useful.

40

VOICE RECOGNITION SOFTWARE

Voice recognition software was defined as both software that can be installed on

computers as an alternative input device and software that is embedded within other

applications such as automatic telephone attendants and kiosks. Most respondents had

very little experience with using voice recognition software, though respondents who

were blind seemed to have slightly more experience with this category than people in the

other disability groups. Tasks associated with this category were deemed fairly difficult

to accomplish by respondents in all disability groups, especially using voice recognition

software in public settings and over a headset. Respondents who were deaf rated all of

the associated tasks as especially difficult.

Level of Experience

Respondents were asked to indicate their level of experience using voice recognition

software on a four-point scale. Results are presented in Table 35. Values represent the

mean value on the following scale: 1 = no experience, 2 = little experience, 3 = some

experience, and 4 = very experienced. Users without vision had the most experience with

using voice recognition software. Deaf users, in general, had little or no experience with

voice recognition software.

Table 35: Level of Experience with Voice Recognition Software by Disability Type.


Blind 2.2 (1.3)


Deaf 1.3 (0.6)




41


Respondents estimated the difficulty they had in personally accomplishing activities in

the previous year due to physical or cognitive limitations caused by a disability. Results

are presented in Table 36. Values represent the mean value on the following scale: 1 =

little or no difficulty, 2 = some difficulty, 3 = great difficulty. Blind users reported little

difficulty in using automatic voice recognition phone attendants and understanding

computerized voices, perhaps because they tended to rely on voice interfaces as an

alternative user interface more than other user groups. Most users reported difficulty in

using voice recognition software to control the computer or in public settings. Deaf users

in general could not use the software.

Table 36: Reported difficulty in Completing Voice Recognition Software Activities by User Type.

BlindLow


Upper Mobility

Lower Mobility

Using automatic voice recognition phone attendants

1.2 (0.5)

1.7 (0.7)

2.8 (0.4)

2.2(0.9)

1.8(0.9)

1.7(0.9)

Understanding computerized voices

1.1 (0.4)

1.7 (0.8)

3.0 (0.0)

2.5(0.7)

1.7(0.8)

1.6(0.8)

Using your voice to control your computer

2.2 (1.1)

2.5 (1.1)

2.5 (0.8)

2.3(1.1)

2.1(1.0)

2.1(1.0)

Using voice recognition software in public settings

2.6 (1.0)

2.7 (1.1)

2.8 (0.4)

2.7(0.9)

2.2(1.0)

2.1(1.0)

Using voice recognition software over a headset

2.6 (1.1)

2.3 (1.2)

2.9 (0.6)

2.5(0.9)

2.2(1.0)

2.1(1.0)


Participants were asked to estimate the usefulness of accessibility features associated

with the device on a four-point scale. Values represent the mean value on the following

scale: 1 = not useful, 2 = slightly useful, 3 = moderately useful, 4 = extremely useful.

Features differed by disability type and therefore are presented as such.

Table 37 presents the results of the assessment of the usefulness of voice recognition

software accessibility features for users without vision. Users without vision indicated

that adjustable volume and the ability to control the parameters of voice playback were

desirable accessibility features. Users also suggested that assistance with error correction

was a very desirable accessibility feature with voice recognition software.

42

Table 37: Usefulness of Voice Recognition Software Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants without Vision.

Feature Mean (SD)

Ability to adjust voice the speed of voice messages 3.5 (0.9)


Automatic suggestion of alternatives for voice recognition

errors

3.5 (1.0)

Ability to replay voice messages 3.4 (1.1)

Ability to pause voice messages 3.3 (1.1)


Ability to change voice types (i.e. male or female) 3.1 (1.1)


software accessibility features for users with low vision. The desirability of accessibility

features reported by low vision users for voice recognition software was similar to that

reported by users without vision. Notably the ability to adjust the volume and playback

speed were ranked lower by users with low vision compared to users without vision,

perhaps because of less experience with voice recognition software.

43

Table 38: Usefulness of Voice Recognition Software Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants with Low Vision.

Feature Mean (SD)



Ability to adjust voice the speed of voice messages 3.3 (1.2)



errors

3.3 (1.2)




software accessibility features for users who are hard of hearing. Users who are hard of

hearing ranked accessibility features associated with playback control as very useful.

The ability to adjust the volume of the voice was also ranked as a desirable feature.

44

Table 39: Usefulness of Voice Recognition Software Accessibility Features as Reported by Participants that are Hard of Hearing.

Feature Mean (SD)

Ability to adjust the speed of voice messages 3.6 (1.2)





Headset compatibility 3.4 (1.3)


errors

3.3 (1.3)

Users with upper mobility impairments rated the automatic suggestion of alternatives for

voice recognition errors (average score = 3.2; SD = 1.2) as being moderately useful.

Users with lower mobility impairments rated wireless microphones (average score = 3.2;

SD = 1.3) and adjustable microphones (average score = 3.0; SD = 1.3) as being

moderately useful accessibility features of voice recognition software.

45

APPENDIX A: GEORGIA TECH UNIVERSAL DESIGN SURVEY

Thank you for choosing to participate in this important research. Your answers will assist us in judging the impact of efforts of Federal Government to promote accessible design practices. Please take your time and answer each question carefully. If you have any questions or if you would prefer a paper copy of this survey please email Dr. Brad Fain at [email protected] or call 404-407-7261.

1. What is your age? 18- 24 25 - 34 35 - 44 45 - 54 55 - 64 65 - 74 75 or older

For the following question, Great Difficulty indicates that the activity was impossible to complete, could only be completed with assistance, took much longer to complete than expected or took more effort to complete than expected. Some Difficulty indicates that you were able to complete the activity but it took longer, required more effort, or could not be completed without a large number of errors. Little or No Difficulty indicates that you were able to complete the activity without assistance as expected. No Experience indicates that you have not had any experience with the activity in the previous 6 months.

46

2a. Please estimate the difficulty you have had in personally accomplishing the following activities in the previous 6 months because of a functional limitation caused by a disability.

Great difficulty

Some difficulty

Little or no difficulty

No Experience

Depositing money in a bank account Retrieving money from a bank account

Determining my bank account balance

Receiving a phone call Placing a phone call Remembering a phone number Attending lectures Attending training seminars Sending E-mail messages Receiving E-mail messages Using internet “chat” software Using internet instant messaging software

Remembering appointments Using a time management tool Using a television remote control Using a television program guide Using voice recognition software

2b. As far as you know, do you have any conditions that would prevent you from being able to use the following products?

Yes NoAutomatic Teller Machine (ATM) Cellular Telephone Distance Learning Software Computer-Based Training Palm based Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Pocket PC based Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Television Voice Recognition Software (such as automated telephone attendants that recognize voice commands)

47

2c. Indicate your level of experience with using Automated Teller Machines (ATMs). Very Experienced Some Experience Little Experience No Experience

For the following question, Great Difficulty indicates that the activity was impossible to complete, could only be completed with assistance, took much longer to complete than expected or took more effort to complete than expected. Some Difficulty indicates that you were able to complete the activity but it took longer, required more effort, or could not be completed without a large number of errors. Little or No Difficulty indicates that you were able to complete the activity without assistance as expected.

2d. Please estimate the difficulty you have had in personally accomplishing the following activities using an Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) in the previous 6 months because of a functional limitation caused by a disability.

Great difficulty Some difficulty Little or no difficultyLocating an ATM Locating an accessible ATM Inserting the bank card Remembering my PIN number Entering my PIN number Making a cash withdrawal Making a deposit Checking account balances Printing a statement Retrieving my receipt Reading my receipt

48

2e. Indicate your level of experience with using Cellular Telephones. Very Experienced Some Experience Little Experience No Experience


2f. Please estimate the difficulty you have had in personally accomplishing the following activities using a cell phone in the previous 6 months because of a functional limitation caused by a disability.

Great difficulty Some difficulty Little or no difficultyLocating your cell phone Turning the phone on and off Locking the phone Unlocking the phone Dialing numbers on the keypad Recalling a stored phone number Storing a phone number Receiving a phone call Receiving caller-id information Accessing voice mail Attaching a headset Determining battery status Determining signal strength Detecting when the phone is in Roam mode Receiving a text message Sending a text message

49

2g. Indicate your level of experience with using Distance Learning or Computer Based Training software.

Very Experienced Some Experience Little Experience No Experience


2h. Please estimate the difficulty you have had in personally accomplishing the following activities using Distance Learning or Computer Based Training Software in the previous 6 months because of a functional limitation caused by a disability.

Great difficulty

Some difficulty


Reading E-mail messages Using instant messaging software Reading documents in Microsoft Word format Reading documents in Adobe PDF format Viewing presentations in Microsoft Powerpoint format

Using chat software Taking a course on-line Receiving computer based training

50

2i. Indicate your level of experience with using a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). Very Experienced Some Experience Little Experience No Experience


2j. Please estimate the difficulty you have had in personally accomplishing the following activities using a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) in the previous 6 months because of a functional limitation caused by a disability.

Great difficulty

Some difficulty


Locating the PDA Turning the PDA on and off Adjusting screen contrast Adjusting font sizes Storing an appointment Recalling an appointment Receiving an alert (i.e. appointment notification)

Viewing the calendar Storing contact information Recalling contact information Installing software

51

2k. Indicate your level of experience with using Television. Very Experienced Some Experience Little Experience No Experience


2l. Please estimate the difficulty you have had in personally accomplishing the following activities using a Television in the previous 6 months because of a functional limitation caused by a disability.

Great difficulty Some difficulty Little or no difficultyTurning the television on and off Changing the channel Changing the input source Adjusting the volume Activating closed captioning Activating descriptive video services Using picture-in-picture features Adjusting picture quality settings Accessing the program guide

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Voice Recognition Software includes software that is installed on a computer that allows you to control the computer and input information via voice commands. In addition, Voice Recognition Software is commonly used in automatic telephone attendants that may be used at your bank. Finally, Voice Recognition Software is sometimes installed in products such as Talking ATMs or Talking vending machines.

2m. Indicate your level of experience with using Voice Recognition Software. Very Experienced Some Experience Little Experience No Experience


2n. Please estimate the difficulty you have had in personally accomplishing the following activities using Voice Recognition Software in the previous 6 months because of a functional limitation caused by a disability.

Great difficulty

Some difficulty


Using automatic voice recognition phone attendants

Understanding computerized voices Having the computer understand your voice commands

Using voice recognition software in public settings Using voice recognition software over a headset

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2o. Product manuals are often available in a number of formats. Select the preferred format for product manuals or user instructions.

Standard print Large print Electronic - web site Electronic - Adobe PDF format Audio tape Video instructions Other ________________________________________

3a. Do you have a condition that affects your vision that causes you difficulties? Yes No

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3b. Describe your visual condition(s) from the following list of conditions. Blindness Low vision (blurred or obscured vision) Color blindness Other ________________________________________

3c. Which assistive technologies do you use? Cane Guide dog Magnifying lens Computer screen reader Computer magnifier Other ________________________________________

3d. Please estimate the usefulness of each of the following Automated Teller Machine (ATM) accessibility features for a person with your visual condition.

Extremely Useful

Moderately Useful

Slightly Useful

Talking ATM (ATM with voice displays) Private headphone jacks for Talking ATMs Volume controls for Talking ATMs Pause control for Talking ATMs Replay control for Talking ATMs Voice recognition for Talking ATMs Instructions provided in audio ATMs that can be controlled by a cell phone or PDA

Braille keypads Raised area (nib) on the '5' key Large keys for the keypad Keys on the keypad that are discernible by touch Large fonts on the display Large display screens High contrast displays

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3e. Please estimate the usefulness of each of the following Cellular Telephone accessibility features for a person with your visual condition.

Extremely Useful

Moderately Useful

Slightly Useful

Voiced menu options (equivalent of a screen reader for the phone)

Screen magnifiers (devices placed over the screen to magnify the display)

Adjustable volume Braille keypads Raised area (nib) on the '5' key Larger keys on the keypad Keypress feedback (beeps indicating a key has been pressed)

Talking battery level indicators Talking signal strength indicators One-touch dialing Voice dialing Vibrating alerts Talking Caller-ID Large fonts on the display Large display screens High contrast displays

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3f. Please estimate the usefulness of each of the following Distance Learning or Computer Based Training Software accessibility features for a person with your visual condition.

Extremely Useful Moderately Useful Slightly UsefulScreen reader compatibility Screen magnifier compatibility Adjustable font sizes Adjustable contrast Graphics that are described in detail Video that is described in detail

3g. Please estimate the usefulness of each of the following Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) accessibility features for a person with your visual condition.

Extremely Useful Moderately Useful Slightly UsefulScreen reader compatibility Screen magnifier compatibility Adjustable font sizes Adjustable contrast Large keys Adjustable font sizes Ability to adjust screen colors High contrast displays Large displays Vibrating alerts Speech recognition

3h. Please estimate the usefulness of each of the following Television accessibility features for a person with your visual condition.

Extremely Useful

Moderately Useful

Slightly Useful

Large buttons on the remote Talking remote controls Voice activated remote controls Dedicated buttons on the remote control to control descriptive video services

Descriptive video services Voiced on-screen menus Voiced program guides Ability to adjust program guide font size Ability to adjust program guide font color Ability to adjust program guide background color

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3i. Please estimate the usefulness of each of the following Voice Recognition Software accessibility features for a person with your visual condition.

Extremely Useful

Moderately Useful

Slightly Useful

Ability to pause voice messages Ability to replay voice messages Automatic suggestion of alternatives for voice recognition errors

Headset compatibility Adjustable volume Ability to change voice types (i.e. male or female) Ability to adjust voice the speed of voice messages

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4a. Do you have a condition that affects your hearing that causes you difficulties? Yes No

4b. Describe your hearing condition(s) from the following list of conditions. Deafness Partial hearing loss Tinnitus (ringing) Other ________________________________________

4c. Which assistive technologies do you use? Hearing aids TTY devices Telephone receiver amplifiers Other ________________________________________

4d. Please estimate the usefulness of each of the following Automated Teller Machine (ATM) accessibility features for a person with your hearing condition.

Extremely Useful Moderately Useful Slightly UsefulRemote control (cell phone or PDA) Visual alerts Graphical instructions Text equivalents for auditory information

4e. Please estimate the usefulness of each of the following Cellular Telephone accessibility features for a person with your hearing condition.

Extremely Useful

Moderately Useful

Slightly Useful

Adjustable volume Amplified headsets Loopsets for hearing aids Hearing aid compatibility (phones designed to work with hearing aids)

TTY compatibility Vibrating alerts

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4f. Please estimate the usefulness of each of the following Distance Learning or Computer Based Training Software accessibility features for a person with your hearing condition.

Extremely Useful Moderately Useful Slightly UsefulClosed captioned video Adjustable volume

4g. Please estimate the usefulness of each of the following Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) accessibility features for a person with your hearing condition.

Extremely Useful Moderately Useful Slightly UsefulAdjustable volume Vibrating alerts

4h. Please estimate the usefulness of each of the following Television accessibility features for a person with your hearing condition.

Extremely Useful

Moderately Useful

Slightly Useful

Dedicated buttons on the remote control to control closed captioning

Closed captioning Ability to adjust closed captioning font size Ability to adjust closed captioning font color Ability to adjust closed captioning background color Ability to adjust closed captioning display rate

4i. Please estimate the usefulness of each of the following Voice Recognition Software accessibility features for a person with your hearing condition.

Extremely Useful

Moderately Useful

Slightly Useful

Ability to pause voice messages Ability to replay voice messages Automatic suggestion of alternatives for voice recognition errors

Headset compatibility Adjustable volume Ability to change voice types (i.e. male or female) Ability to adjust voice the speed of voice messages

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5a. Do you have a condition that affects the use of your upper limbs (hands and arms) that causes you difficulties?

Yes No

5b. Describe your upper limb condition(s) from the following list of conditions. Loss of limb Paralysis Restricted range of arm movement Loss of fine motor control Loss of strength in the arms Loss of strength in the hands Pain Other ________________________________________

5c. Which assistive technologies do you use? Reach sticks Manipulation sticks Grasping aids Forearm supports Prosthetic systems Other ________________________________________

5d. Please estimate the usefulness of each of the following Automated Teller Machine (ATM) accessibility features for a person with your upper mobility condition.

Extremely Useful

Moderately Useful

Slightly Useful

Talking ATM (ATM with voice displays) Private headphone jacks for Talking ATMs Volume controls for Talking ATMs Pause control for Talking ATMs Replay control for Talking ATMs Voice recognition for Talking ATMs ATMs that can be controlled by a cell phone or PDA

Large keys for the keypad

5e. Please estimate the usefulness of each of the following Cellular Telephone accessibility features for a person with your upper mobility condition.

Extremely Useful

Moderately Useful

Slightly Useful

Raised area (nib) on the '5' key Larger keys on the keypads Keypress feedback (beeps indicating a key has been pressed)

One-touch dialing Voice dialing

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5f. Please estimate the usefulness of each of the following Distance Learning or Computer Based Training Software accessibility features for a person with your upper mobility condition.

Extremely Useful Moderately Useful Slightly UsefulAbility to request additional time

Voice recognition

5g. Please estimate the usefulness of each of the following Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) accessibility features for a person with your upper mobility condition.

Extremely Useful Moderately Useful Slightly UsefulAbility to request additional time

Large keys Speech recognition

5h. Please estimate the usefulness of each of the following Television accessibility features for a person with your upper mobility condition.

Extremely Useful Moderately Useful Slightly UsefulLarge buttons on the remote

Talking remote controls Voice activated remote controls

5i. Please estimate the usefulness of each of the following Voice Recognition Software accessibility features for a person with your upper mobility condition.

Extremely Useful

Moderately Useful

Slightly Useful

Automatic suggestion of alternatives for voice recognition errors

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6a. Do you have a condition that affects the use of your lower limbs (feet and legs) that causes you difficulties?

Yes No

6b. Describe your lower limb condition(s) from the following list of conditions. Loss of limb Paralysis Restricted range of leg movement Loss of motor control Loss of strength in the legs Other ________________________________________

6c. Which assistive technologies do you use? Cane Walker Rolling walker Leg braces Wheelchair Scooter Reach stick Prosthetic systems Other ________________________________________

6d. Please estimate the usefulness of each of the following Automated Teller Machine (ATM) accessibility features for a person with your lower mobility condition.

Extremely Useful

Moderately Useful

Slightly Useful

Voice Display (Talking ATM) Private headphone jacks for Talking ATMs Volume controls for Talking ATMs Pause control for Talking ATMs Replay control for Talking ATMs Voice recognition for Talking ATMs Instructions provided in audio ATMs that can be controlled by a cell phone or PDA

Large keys for the keypad Keys on the keypad that are discernible by touch Large fonts on the display Large display screens High contrast displays

6h. Please estimate the usefulness of each of the following Television accessibility features for a person with your lower mobility condition.

Extremely Useful Moderately Useful Slightly UsefulTalking remote controls Voice activated remote controls

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