analysis of eia for obajana gas pipeline project in nigeria

8/17/2019 Analysis of Eia for Obajana Gas Pipeline Project in Nigeria

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ANALYSIS OF EIA FOR OBAJANA GAS PIPELINE PROJECT IN NIGERIA

BY

OBASI, SAMPSON KALU(REF: H00182493)

DEPARTMENT: Sc !!" !# B$%"& E' % !'*+'&

,-ALIFICATION SO-GHT: M./&+ !# Sc%+'c+ %' S.#+& R%/ .' R+"%. %"%& E' %'++ %'

MODE OF ST-DY: D%/&.'c+ L+. '%'

CO-RSE CODE: B51GH

T-TOR: C". + 6 . *

6! C!$'&: 27 0

Contents

1. Project Summary 3


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1.1 Project Need 3

1.2 Project Description 3

1.3 Project Location 3

1.4 Project Timescale and Projected Lifetime 4

1.5 Soil 4

1.6 ydrolo!y 5

1." #e!etation 5

1.$ %ildlife 5

2.& Scopin! '(ercise 6

3.& 'n)ironmental *mpact and +iti!ation "

3.1 ,onstruction *mpact "

3.2 Social and -ealt- *mpact "

4.& ea)y metals in round/ater $

4.1 Le!islation and Policy $

4.2 0aseline Data $

5.& ,onsultation '(ercise 11

6.& Decision ma in! Process 12

".& eferences 13

T. "+ 1: C +c "%/& !# P!&+'&%." I* .c&/ !# P ! +c& ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; T. "+ 2 : 6! " H+."& O .'%! % S&.&+ !# N% + %. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; 4


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1. Project Summary

1.1 Project NeedT + ! +c& %/ .%*+ .& $&%"%! % S&.&+;

(EIA A .! $&.@O . .'. G./ P% +"%'+ P ! +c& F%'." R+ ! & 2004)

1.3 Project LocationT + +'&% + % +"%'+ !$&+ #.""/ =%& %' A .! $&.7 L! ! . .' A . % L!c." G! + '*+'& A +./ !# >! %S&.&+;T + /+&&"+*+'&/ %' . %&+ *.%'" E % .7 B.//.7 G=. %7 O=! ! .' %' /!*+ c./+/ H.$/.7 I !7T% / .' Y! $ . *% .'&/; T + *.%' !cc$ .&%!'/ . + c ! #. *%' 7 .'%*." $/ .' 7 #%/ %' .'

+&& & . %' ; T + . +. $' + /&$ %/ . !$& 90 * !# '+= RO6 &! + .c $% + +&=++' A .! $&.7E .' %' .' O . .'.; T + /&$ /& +&c %/ *.%'" /. .''. =!! ".' =%& # %' %' #! +/& ."!' /!*+!# & + % + .' /; T + &+ .%' %/ $' $".&%' =%& !cc./%!'." !c !$& c ! /; T + *. ! % + / %'c"$ +


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& + R% + N% + .' O/. . R% + ; M!/& !# & + + %/&%' /*.""+ % + / $ $ %' & + /+./!'; (EIAA .! $&.@O . .'. G./ P% +"%'+ P ! +c& F%'." R+ ! & 2004)

Figure : S!o"# Ma$ of Kogi State of Nigeria

F% $ + 2

1.4 Project Timescale and Projected LifetimeEIA ./ . # !'&"%'+ .c&% %& #! & + ! !/+ ! +c& %/ /c + $"+ &! "./& #! /% *!'& /7 *.&+ %."

!c$ +*+'& =%"" "./& #! !'+ *!'& 7 "! %/&%c . .' +*+'& (*! +*+'&/ !# *.&+ %."/) =%"" "./& #!! + & ++ =++ /7 + c. .&%!' .' ". %' !# % +"%'+ =%"" "./& #! & ++ *!'& /7 &+/&%' =%"" "./& #!! + . =++ ; T + ./ % +"%'+ ! +c& %/ /c + $"+ #! c!**%//%!'%' =%& %' 21 *!'& /; A& & +c!* "+&%!' !# %'/&."".&%!' !# % +"%'+7 +//$ + &+/&%' =%"" + c!' $c&+ .#&+ = %c %& =%"" +c!**%//%!'+ ; A + %! !# . ! %*.&+" &=! *!'& / =%"" + + $% + #! & + #%'." &+/&%' !# & +

% +"%'+ %! &! %&/ /&. &@$ ; T + % +"%'+ %/ +/% '+ &! "./& #! . *%'%*$* !# 25 +. /; (EIAA .! $&.@O . .'. G./ P% +"%'+ P ! +c& F%'." R+ ! & 2004)

1.5 SoilT + ! +c& . +. . + /!%" & +/ & .& .' + # !* /.' &! "!.* /!%" =%& /%"& c!'&+'& !# 2;3@20;? = %"+ & + c". c!'&+'& %/ # !* 2;3@20;0 ;T + H .' + !# & + /!%" %/ +&=++' 3;8@?;8 *. %' & + /!%".c% %c &! /"% &" ." ."%'+; I'/+c&/7 *%""% + +/ .' &+ *%&+/ +. & =! */7 .' /'.%"/ . + /!%" *.c !@#.$'./ & .& %' . %& & + /!%" . +.; (EIA A .! $&.@O . .'. G./ P% +"%'+ P ! +c& F%'." R+ ! & 2004)


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1. !ydrolo"yR% + / =%& %' & + ! +c& . + . + N% + 7 A .! $&.7 A&.*% .' O/. .R% + /; 6.&+ + & &. "+/ %' & +. +. %/ +&=++' 15@40* .' & + . $%#+ %/c . + %/ +&=++' 0;39@1;21 /+c; (EIA A .! $&.@O . .'.

G./ P% +"%'+ P ! +c& F%'." R+ ! & 2004)

1.# $e"etation

T + . +. %/ /. .''. =!! ".' c!'/%/&%' !# *% &$ +/ !# & ++/7 / $ /7 + / .' .//+/;T ++c!'!*%c%* ! &.'c+ !# & +/+ ".'&/ . .' & + %'c"$ + & +% $/+/ ./ #$+"7 &%* + 7 +/7 + +&. "+7 + % "+# $%&/ .' /++ & ++/7 *+ %c%'." .' +"% %!$/ ".'&/ .' / !' +; T + +c!'!*%c & ++/ %'c"$ +D.'%+""%.!"% + %7 P. %.c". + &!'%.'. .' %&+ !'%.'.; (EIA A .! $&.@O . .'. G./ P% +"%'+ P ! +c&F%'." R+ ! & 2004)

1.% &ildlife

A'%*." / +c%+/ #!$' %' . +. %'c"$ + %' + &+ .&+/ "% + %'/+c&/ .' *%""% + +/; + &+ .&+/ /$c ./.* % %.'/7 + &%"+/ % / .' *.**."/ . + #!$' %' . %!$/ ! ! &%!'/;

1.' (is)eriesF%/ / +c%+/ #!$' %' & + . +. . + +."& ; T + %'c"$ + / +c%+/ "% + C%c % .+7 C . .c% .+ .'

B. % .+; T + . + . $' .'& $ %' & + .%' /+./!' .' . + +".&% +" %/+./+ # ++; (EIA A .! $&.@O . .'. G./ P% +"%'+ P ! +c& F%'." R+ ! & 2004)


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2.* Scopin" +,ercise Sc! %' + + c%/+ =./ c. %+ !$& %' "%'+ =%& & + + $% +*+'& ./ /&% $".&+ /&. + !" + / .'

+ $".&! / "% + N.&%!'." E' % !'*+'&." S&.' . / .' R+ $".&%!'/ E'#! c+*+'& A +'c NESREA;T +C +c "%/& *+& ! =./ $/+ &! % +'&%# & + ! +c& .c&% %&%+/ & .& =!$" %* .c& !' & + +' % !'*+'&& + /c! %' + + c%/+ ./ / !=' %' T. "+ 1 +"!=; (EIA A .! $&.@O . .'. G./ P% +"%'+ P ! +c& F%'."

R+ ! & 2004)

%able 1: &!ec'li#t of Potential Im$act# of Project


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3.* +n-ironmental mpact and /iti"ation E' % !'*+'&." %* .c& .' !//% "+ *%&% .&%!' %/ + &! & + /c! %' !c+//;

3.1 Construction mpact S%&+ + . .&%!'7 T +'c %' .' .c #%""%' . + .*!' /& & + ! +c& .c&% %&%+/ & .& . + "% +" &! %* .c&!' & + /!%" %' & + ! +c& . +.; S%&+ + . .&%!' %' !" +/ & + c$&&%' !# & + $/ +/ #! /$ +

$ !/+/; T %/ =%"" %* .c& !' & + =%" "%#+ ./ .'%*."/ .' % / . %&.&; T + *%&% .&%!' *+./$ + %/ & +. ! &%!' !# +' % !'*+'&." !$&+ .& #! /%&+ /$ + ; T + + %/ & + +'#! c+*+'& !# '! $'&%' !#

.*+ .'%*."/ $ %' & + /%&+ + . .&%!' =! /;

T +'c %' =%"" + c. %+ !$& & + $/+ !# .' + c. .&! ; T %/ =%"" %'c +./+ '!%/+ .' .% !""$&%!';6.&+ $."%& =%"" + %* .c&+ !' $ %' % + c !//%' = %"+ .% $."%& =%"" . + .' %'c +./+ %' $/&c!'&+'& %' /+./!'/; T + $/+ !# *.c %'+ =%& '! "!= '!%/+ "+ +" .' + $c+ + .$/& +*%//%!'%/ . ! &+ ;

B.c #%""%' ; T %/ %/ & + !c+// !# +#%""%' .' + c. .&+ !"+ =%& & + *.&+ %." & .& =./ $ !$& !#%&;T %/ !c+// =%"" .##+c& & + .%'. + .&&+ ' !# & + . +. .' ./ & + !&+'&%." !# %' $c%' + !/%!';T + .c&% %& / !$" + c. %+ !$& %' /+./!' &! +"%*%'.&+ =.&+ $' !## c.$/%' + !/%!'; P ! +

".''%' #! $' !## $ %' =+& /+./!' &! c +c + !/%!';

3.2 Social and )ealt) mpactT + ! +c& =%"" c +.&+ %'#"$ !# =! #! c+ %' & + . +. $ %' & + c!'/& $c&%!' .c&% %&%+/; T +*.' !=+ =%"" %'c"$ + / %""+ 7 /+*%@/ %""+ ./ =+"" ./ $'/ %""+ + /!''+"; T +/+ =%"" !/%&% + %* .c&& + +c!'!*%c !=& %' &+ */ !# %'c!*+ "+ +"; O' & + c!'& . & + ! +c& =%"" %* .c& !' & + /!c%."%'# ./& $c&$ + %' & + . +. "% + /c !!"/7 +."& c. + #.c%"%&%+/ ./ =+"" ./ =.&+ /$ " / /&+*; S!c%."

+ . %! %' &+ */ "%#+/& "+ %' &+ */ !# +//%' .' .//!c%.&%!' =%"" + .##+c&+ ;T + + %/ "% +" &! + .%/+ %' /!c%." *%/'!*+ "% + !/&%&$&%!'7 ."c! !"%/* "+. %' &! c!**$'%c. "+ %/+./+/ "% + S+ $.""

& .'/*%&&+ %/+./+/ .' %'#+c&%!'/ +&c; P ! + C!**$'%c.&%!' H+."& A=. +'+// / !$" + $& %'".c+ & + ! +c& &+.* %' . &'+ / % =%& & + S&.&+ G! + '*+'& ./ =+"" ./ $&&%' $ .

c!**$'%& c! ! .&+ /!c%." +/ !'/% %"%& & + c!* .' ;


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4.* !ea-y metals in 0round ater G !$' =.&+ !""$&%!' !cc$ / ./ . +/$"& !# .


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%able 0 : #am$le of !ea./ metal# collecte) from Location#


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F!$ *+&."/ =+ + %' +/&% .&+ %' & + ". ! .&! # !* & + /.* "+ .' !*" c!""+c&+ =%& %' & +! +c& . +.; T +/+ *+&."/ . + L+. 7 I !'7 M.' .'+/+ .' C. *%$* =./ .'."


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5.* Consultation +,erciseT + c!'/$"&.&%!' .' +c%/%!' *. %' !c+// %/ . '+c+//. /&. + !# & + +' % !'*+'&." %* .c&.//+//*+'& ;& + +' % !'*+'&." %* .c& .//+//*+'& +c ++ N! 8 !# 1992 F+ + ." R+ $ "%c !#N% + %. ./ & + +/ !'/% %"%& :

• &! +/&. "%/ +#! + . +c%/%!' &. +' .' + /!'7 .$& ! %& c! ! .&+ ! ! $'%'c! ! .&+ !%'c"$ %' & + G! + '*+'& !# & + F+ + .&%!'7 S&.&+ ! L!c." G! + '*+'& %'&+' %' &! $' + &. + !.$& ! %! % S&.&+ G! + '*+'&;

T + ! +c& ./ & + #!""!=%' ./ + $".&! /:

• T + F+ + ." M%'%/& !# E' % !'*+'& A $ . (FMEN )• T + >! % S&.&+ E' % !'*+'&." P !&+c&%!' A +'c (>OSEPB)• >! % S&.&+ M%'%/& !# E' % !'*+'& .' P /%c." D+ +"! *+'&• >! % S&.&+ + . &*+'& !# S$ + /;

I' !" +*+'& !# & + /&. + !" + / %' c!'/$"&.&%!'/ =./ &! .c %+ + & + #!""!=%' ! +c&% +/:

I'#! * .' + $c.&+ &! . !% *%/$' + /&.' %' / . !$& & + ! !/+ ! +c& + +"! *+'& E/&. "%/ . +./ !# c!@! + .&%!' .' + +"! *+'& I +'&%# ! "+*/7 c!'c+ '/ .' '++ / O &.%' #++ .c L+. ' & !$ "!c." '!="+ + .' $' + /&.' %' 7 . &%c$". " #! +' % !'*+'&." .' /!c%."

./+"%'+ #++ .c

C!'/$"&.&%!'/ =+ + .c %+ + & !$ *++&%' / =%& c!**$'%&%+/ ./ =+"" ./ & . %&%!'." $"+ /;I'&+ %+=/ .' /$ + / $/%' $+/&%!''.% + .' %'&+ %+= *+& ! /; C!'/$"&.&%!' + + c%/+ =%"" +c. %+ !$& +#! + & + c!**+'c+*+'& !# & + ! +c&; (EIA A .! $&.@O . .'. G./ P% +"%'+ P ! +c&F%'." R+ ! & 2004)


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.* Decision ma in" ProcessT + N.&%!'." E' % !'*+'&." S&.' . / .' R+ $".&%!'/ E'#! c+*+'& A +'c (NESREA) ./ *.' .&+!# & + F+ + ." R+ $ "%c !# N% + %. &! + $".&+ .' +'#! c+ +' % !'*+'&." /&.' . /7 $"+/7 !"%c%+/.' $% +"%'+/ #! & + !&+c&%!' .' + +"! *+'& !# N% + %. +' % !'*+'&; B & + NESREA Ac&7 & +FEPA Ac& C. F 10 LFN 2004 ./ ++' + +."+ ; (NESREA)

I& %/ & + +/ !'/% %"%& !# N.&%!'." E' % !'*+'&." S&.' . / .' R+ $".&%!'/ E'#! c+*+'& A +'c=%& %' 15 =! %' . / !# +c+% %' . .#& EIA + ! & + ."$.&+/ & + .#& + ! & .' +&+ *%'+/ & +

+ %+= *+& ! ; I& c!**$'%c.&+/ & + + %+= *+& ! &! & + ! !'+'& %' = %&%' ; T + + %+= !c+//%/ c. %+ !$& =%& %' !'+ *!'& .#&+ = %c & + ! !'+'& %/ #$ '%/ + =%& c!**+'&/ %' = %&%' ;T + + %+= *+& ! / . +:

• I'@ !$/+ + %+=;• P.'+" + %+=(/%&&%' *. + $ "%c)• P$ "%c + %+=@.' +". ! .&+ %/ ". !# & + .#& + ! & #! 21 =! %' . / =%& . ! %.&+

%/ ". +'$+ c !/+' NESREA #! & + c!' +'%+'c+ !# & + $ "%c /&. + !" + / .'

c!**$'%&%+/; A' %' %&.&%!' %/ *. + #! . &%c% .&%!' & !$ '+=/ . + . + &! %."/ #!%'&+ +/&+ !$ / + /!'/ &! . &%c% .&+;• M+ %.&%!'

T + #%'." EIA + ! & . +//%' .' !#+//%' .'/=+ &! + %+= c!**+'&/ %/ /$ *%&&+ =%& %' /%*!'& / &! & + +/ !'/% "+ !##%c+ %' NESREA;A& & %/ +. " /&. + .' !' *$&$." . ++*+'& NESREA.' & + ! !'+'& /+&/ c!' %&%!'/ +/&. "%/ %' . #!""!=@$ ! .* (*%&% .&%!'7 c!* "%.'c+ .'*!'%&! %' ".')7. *!'%&! %' /& .&+ .' .$ %& !c+ $ +; T + &+c '%c." c!**%&&++ !# NESREAc .% + & + D% +c&! G+'+ ." C %+# E +c$&% + &. +/ . #%'." +c%/%!' #! ! . .%'/& & + ! +c&; A

'! ! +c& +c%/%!' %/ c!**$'%c.&+ &! & + ! !'+'& %# & + + %+= c!**+'&/ . + . + /+ .' !%* ! + " . +//+ %' & + #%'." + ! & .' & + #%'." EIA + ! & %/ $'/.&%/#.c&! ; 6 +' . #%'." EIA

+ ! & %/ . $ + /.&%/#.c&! 7 & + c!**%&&++ . ! +/ .' %//$+/ & + E' % !'*+'&." I* .c&S&.&+*+'& (EIS);T %/ %/ $/$."" .#&+ . *!'& + %! ; T %/ %/ #!""!=+ . c+ &%#%c.&%!' .

+/ !'/% "+ !##%c+ =%& . ! %.&+ c!' %&%!'/ .' =%& . ."% %& + %! ; T + ! !'+'&c!**+'c+/ & + ! +c& /$ +c& &! & + c!' %&%!'/ .' / +c%#%c.&%!'/ c!'&.%'+ %' & + EIS;I& %/+ +c&+ & .& & + ! +c& %/ c!**%//%!'+ =%& %' & + ."% %& + %! !' & + c+ &%#%c.&%!' +"/+

+ %/+ .' $ .&+ EIA + ! & =!$" + $& %' ".c+ #! + ."% .&%!'; T + !' !%' ! +c& =%"" +c!'&%'$!$/" *!'%&! + #! c!* "%.'c+ =%& ."" c!' %&%!'/ .' *%&% .&%!' *+./$ +/; (Ec +#$ N .'A !#$ + E)


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#.* eferencesD+ . &*+'& !# P+& !"+$* R+/!$ c+/ (N;D)T + P+& !"+$* R+ $".&! A +'c !#N% + %. !'"%'+ . .%". "+ # !*:

&& /: ; ! ;' %' + . !$&@ #$'c&%!'/@!#@ (.cc+//+ !' 30 A %" 2015)Ec +#$ N; (N;D)Environmental Impact Assessment in Nigeria: Regulatory Background and ProceduralFramework !'"%'+ . .%". "+ # !*:

&& /: ===;%.%.;! $ "%c !c$*+'&/ EIA C./+S&$ %+/ EIAN% + %.; # A/ A$&!D+&+c&C!! %+S$! & 1 (.cc+//+ !' 24 A %" 2015)E' % !'*+'&." I* .c& A//+//*+'& D+c ++ N! 8 !# 1992 !'"%'+ . .%". "+ # !*:

&& : ===;'% + %.".=;! E' % !'*+'&." 20I* .c& 20A//+//*+'& 20D+c ++ 20N!; 208 201992; &* (.cc+//+ !' 20 A %" 2015)Mc"+.' J; (Oc& 1992) Ground Water Issue: Be avior o! "etals in #oils !'"%'+ . .%". "+ # !*:

&& : ===;+ .; ! /$ + #$' +*+ &+c &/ !='"!. %//$+14; # (.cc+//+ !' 28 A %" 2015)M$/. O;> (2013) American International $ournal o! %ontemporary Researc : &eavy "etal%oncentration in Groundwater around '(a)ana and its Environs*+ogi #tate*Nort %entralNigeria !'"%'+ . .%". "+ # !*:

&& : ===;.% c '+&;c!* !$ '."/ !" 3 N! 8 A$ $/& 2013 20; # (.cc+//+ !' 28 A %" 2015)N.&%!'." E' % !'*+'&." S&.' . / Q R+ $".&%!'/ E'#! c+*+'& A +'c !'"%'+ . .%". "+ # !*:

&& : ===;'+/ +.; ! ;' !"%c %' + ; (.cc+//+ !' 23 A %" 2015)N.&%!'." E' % !'*+'&." S&.' . / .' R+ $".&%!'/ E'#! c+*+'& A +'c (NESREA) !'"%'+ . .%". "+# !*:

&& : ===;'+/ +.;! . !$&; (.cc+//+ !' 24 A %" 2015)O .'. . c+*+'& #.c&! !'"%'+ . .%". "+ # !*:

&& : .' c+*;c!* %' + ; . + 84 (.cc+//+ !' 3 F+ $. 2015)T + N% + %. 2014 !'"%'+ . .%". "+ # !*:

&& : ===;& +@'% + %.;c!* 2014 05 "%/&@!#@"!c."@ ! + '*+'&@. +./@%'@ ! %; &*" ; S-AL B0+ Y (.cc+//+ !' 8 A %" 2015)

analysis of eia for obajana gas pipeline project in nigeria

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