analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports noise and application to an...

Analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports noise and application to an international racing track

Analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports

noise and application to an international racing track

Xavier Kaiser and Jean-Jacques Embrechts

University of Liège

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INTRODUCTION

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• Need to found a compromise between acoustical comfort of neighborhood, the desire of a community to enjoy their sport and economical impacts

• Implies the need of a objective criteria to characterize the acoustic annoyance

• Limits values must be proposed and compared to the noise emission of the racing track

• Management and control of sound emission to guarantee the respect of the criteria

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OVERVIEW OF EXISTING LEGISLATIONS

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• European legislation

• Other rules and legislations

– Other countries

– Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA)

• World Health Organization (W.H.O.)

• Scientific literature

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APPLICATION TO AN INTERNATIONAL RACING TRACK

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Choice of a noise indicator

– LAeq,1h: used for example in the Walloon noise legislation.

– LAeq,8h: mentioned in the standard ISO R1996.

– LAeq,16h: used by the W.H.O. to represent the annoyance in outdoor living area, for the period including the day and the evening.

– LAeq,15': indicator used for some circuits in Australia.

– Lmax: used by the W.H.O. to specify noise levels guaranteeing the quality of sleep.

– Lden: indicator derived from the equivalent levels LAeq, with a minimal reference period of 24 hours, often longer (up to one complete year).

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Choice of a noise indicator

– LAeq,1h: used for example in the Walloon noise legislation.

– LAeq,8h: mentioned in the standard ISO R1996.

– LAeq,16h: used by the W.H.O. to represent the annoyance in outdoor living area, for the period including the day and the evening.

– LAeq,15': indicator used for some circuits in Australia.

– Lmax: used by the W.H.O. to specify noise levels guaranteeing the quality of sleep.

– Lden: indicator derived from the equivalent levels LAeq, with a minimal reference period of 24 hours, often longer (up to one complete year).

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Noise limits in the immission zone

– Industrial noise regulation in Wallonia: LAeq,1h limited to 55

dB(A) during daytime in residential areas.

– W.H.O.: LAeq,16h is limited outdoor to 55 dB(A), during the

day and evening period, in residential area.

– in Germany and Austria, the noise emitted by sporting installations is limited to a maximum level, comprised between 50 dB(A) and 60 dB(A) during daytime. Otherwise, the activities are limited in number of days.

– Various studies estimate that the acoustical annoyance starts at an Lden value of 55 dB(A).

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– LAeq,1h limited to 55 dB(A) during daytime

– Lden,1year limited to 55 dB(A)

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“In situ” measurements

– Objective: determine the relation between the maximum noise levels measured near the track and the equivalent noise levels in the immission zone

– measurements carried out on a great number of different vehicles (cars and motorbikes)

– during races (with multiples vehicles) or training (with one vehicle)

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Formule 1 Leq 20ms A dB SEL dBSAM 24/02/07 12h12m18s000 92,5 0:04:08:000 116,4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

12h13 12h14 12h15 12h16

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Picture Indicator Up 1 Down 1 Up 2 Down 2 Maximum

Leq(20ms) 94,8 103,4 94,6 104,7 104,7

Leq(1s) 90,6 98,4 91,1 98,2 98,4

Leq(120ms) 94,2 102,7 93,8 103,1 103,1

Lp,fast max 93,6 102,2 93,4 102,6 102,6

SEL 91,4 99,7 92,0 100,7 100,7

Leq(20ms) 110,4 106,5 109,7 107,0 110,4

Leq(1s) 106,8 103,4 105,0 102,7 106,8

Leq(120ms) 109,6 105,8 108,3 105,9 109,6

Lp,fast max 109,4 105,5 107,8 105,6 109,4

SEL 108,6 105,0 106,4 104,0 108,6

Leq(20ms) 103,5 117,2 109,2 117,1 117,2

Leq(1s) 99,8 111,6 100,7 113,1 113,1

Leq(120ms) 102,4 116,3 104,5 116,4 116,4

Lp,fast max 102,0 115,6 104,2 116,1 116,1

SEL 101,9 112,5 103,7 113,6 113,6

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Control of individual noise emissions of the vehicles

– “on track” measurements (15 meters from track axis)

– one or more sonometers, synchronized with the transponders of the vehicles

– measurements in Lmax,fast or Leq,125ms

– must ensure to respect the immission criteria (LAeq,1h and

Lden,1year) ≤ 55 dBA

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Categories of motor sports activities

– Category A:

• no noise limit would be imposed for these

competitions.

• the annual number of days of this type of competitions

would be limited to respect Lden,1year ≤ 55 dB(A).

A first estimation for our circuit results in limiting these

events to 12 days per year.

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– Category B:

• Lmax (measured at 15m from the track) is limited to 100

dB(A), for all vehicles running during this activity.

• the annual number of days of this type of competitions

should be limited to respect Lden,1year ≤ 55 dB(A).

A first estimation for our circuit results in limiting these

events to 50 days per year.

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– Category C:

• Lmax(15m) is limited to 90 dB(A), for all vehicles

running during this activity.

• The annual number of days would not be limited, for

the events in this category.

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• The suggested limit value of 90 dB(A) is based on a simplified approach which enabled us to estimate that if the vehicles respect this limit, LAeq,1h ≤ 55 dB(A) in the residential zones near the circuit.

• The suggested limit value of 100 dB(A) results from the distribution of the competitions in the categories A and B, to ensure the respect of the Lden,1year of 55 dB(A) in the residential area close to the circuit.

• The relevance of these limit values and the number of days authorized in the categories A and B need of course to be confirmed by more detailed study and/or the measurements carried during the exploitation of the circuit.

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CONCLUSIONS• After having realized a survey of existing rules, legislation

and scientific studies concerning the acoustical impact of motor sports activities on the surrounding residential area, we have proposed a noise management procedure that can be applied to an international racing track.

• A temporary period of at least one year of exploitation of the circuit has been suggested, during which noise measurements and analysis will be performed, in order to verify the practical application of the restrictions which have been defined in the management procedure.

analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports noise and application to an...

Business

racing track management

noise indicator

equivalent noise levels

maximum noise levels

track measurements

walloon noise legislation

track axis

equivalent levels