analysis of correlation coefficient of national planning ... · to be a virgin land turned into new...

Book of Proceedings - Academic Conference of Cambridge Publications & Research International on Sub-Sahara African Potentials in the New Millennium Vol. 3 No.1. 30th July, 2015- FUTA, Hilltop Conference Hall, Akure, Ondo State.

ANALYSIS OF CORRELATION COEFFICIENT OF NATIONAL PLANNING ON THE WELFARISM OF ABUJA URBAN DWELLERS.

DR. ADAMU BABA ABDULLAHIDepartment of Geography, F.C.T College of Education Zuba-Abuja, Nigeria

AbstractThis research examine the analysis of the cor-relation –coefficient of National Planning on the Welfarism of Urban Dwellers particularly Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC) FCT. The objectives of the study are to examine the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, investigate and developmental efforts put in place through National Planning by the Federal Government of Nigeria to improve on the standard of living, assess the benefits of living in the study area, examine the challenges and determine possible solutions. Time frame for study is 2006-2015. Empirical data where generated from 230 respondents. Data generated were of three phases. Focus group discussion, pre-field data collection, reconnaissance and field observations. Interview schedule was also employed in generating data. Multi stage sampling technique was adopted to select the samples. Data generated was summarized using descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as frequency, percentages and karl peason product moment correlation to test the relationship between National Planning and Abuja Urban Dweller Welfarism. The result of the correlation reveal r2 = 026.94 at level of significant P<0.05. This positive correlation implies that improved social amenities provided in Abuja have better the life of Abuja Urban Dwellers.

Keywords: Correlation coefficient, National Planning, Welfarism, Abuja Urban Dwellers and Analysis.

Introduction Nigeria is the most populous nation in Africa with an estimated population figure of 152 million (N.P.C. 2006) The fact give her a leading role in the affair of the continent. Her position in African is central in all aspects. Lagos was its Federal Capital established by the colonial masters. On 9 th August 1975 the then Head of State General Murtala Mohammed set up a panel to examine the issue of a New Federal Capital Territory for Nigeria. The seven man panel was headed by Justice Akinola Aguda and other Members. The panel collected memoranda and had an extensive deliberation, submitted a unanimous recommendations to the then Federal Government for sitting the new Federal Capital in Abuja. Two months after the panels submissions the Federal Government of Nigeria accepted the recommendation of sitting the new federal capital Territory in Abuja.On 3rd February 1976 General Murtata Mohammed made a historic National broadcast to the nation and promulgated Decree No 6 of 1976 establishing the new Federal Capital Territory Abuja . The military decree charged the Federal Capital Development Authority FCDA with the responsibility for planning, Designing and Developing the Federal capital territory Abuja. Nigeria Rtr General/President Ibrahim Babangida on 12 December 1991 formally and finally moved the Federal Capital seat from Lagos to Abuja. FCT Abuja covers an area of 8,0000 sq klm, this makes it more twice in size of Lagos. Abuja used to be a virgin land turned into New Nigeria’s Federal Capital Territory and a symbol of National Unity among her multi-ethnic groups. According to Aguda panels, this vast area was considered necessary in order to allow room for not just the Capital City alone but also for a city regions (Area Councils) that will

provide most of the needs of the Capital-City. These needs may be water, Forestry, industrial raw materials, agricultural Food Supply open air spaces, Rocks and stones, Defence, and transportation e.t.c.Federal Capital Territory Abuja is Lying between latitude 8.25 and 9.20 North of the equator and longitude 6.45 and 7.39 East of Greenwich Meridian. The territory is located just North of the confluence of the Niger River and Benue River. It is bordered by the States of Niger to the West and North, Kaduna to the Northeast, Nasarawa to the east and south, and Kogi to the southwest. The territory was carved out from part of former Nasararwa, Niger and Kogi States. It is Located in the Centre of the Country. Its administration is headed by a Minister appointed by the President of Nigeria. It has landmass of approximately 7315 km2. The actual city occupied 275.3 Km2. it is situated within the savannah region with moderate Tropical Climate. The estimated population was 1,405,201 (NPC, 2006). The population Density is 190 km2 or (500 person per square mile). Per capital income is S 3,2852. The Territory is made up of six Area Councils Namely Abuja Municipal, Abaji, Bwari, Gwagwalada, Kuje and Kwali MFCT (2012). See figure 2National planning according to Hassan (2010) observed that national planning in general is a process of establishing priorities for future action in a attempt to solve economic, social or scientific problems in a community or society at large. This usually stem from the existence of scarce resources. Therefore National planning implies given thought to priorities, goals and aspiration of the citizenry of a nation. Adesani (2013) opion that national planning falls within the phase of planning and it is basically concerned with the problems of allocating the limited resources devoted to a particular sector to massively develop the priority area of the nation for some specific reasons, Adalu (2014) observed that National Planning is a process of analyzing the National needs of a nation and be able to make economically viable allocation of Huge National Resources for its Development. Ayofun (2010) reveal that national planning is a process of preparing a set of decisions for action in the future. According to Lajati (2013) National planning represent an instrument in the hands of the public authorities and its use is a political responsibilities. It is linked to the search for the common good of all measures capable of affecting the use and general arrangement of the living space.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_River

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogi_State

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasarawa_State

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaduna_State

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benue_River


Figure 1: MAP OF NIGERIA SHOWING FCT ABUJA


STUDY AREA

Figure 2: MAP OF FCT ABUJA SHOWING THE STUDY AREA

Hassan (2010) opion that throughout the ages man in his search for best has the habit of process of changing, reordering and rearranging the landscape to suit his own needs. He further observed that it is only very recently that man ,is increasingly becoming aware of the unpleasant consequences of the era of “Non planning”. Presently the concern as become universal as a result of unprecedented high rate of urbanization, population growth, migration, environmental degradation, pressure on land use, Airy space, water Resources, Energy Resources, Agricultural Resources and so on. From the search therefore the concept of National planning could be deduced that it main purpose of National planning is to change the present condition of things having in mind the future needs of the society or a nation at large. just as was the desire to change Nigeria Federal Capital Territory from Lagos to Abuja.

Statement of the problems Many well meaning Nigerians has for long observed that Lagos Town as the Federal Capital Territory suffered several draw backs which made its continued existence as Nigeria Capital Territory Unsaved. Lagos was a coastal town liable to foreign attacks, inadequate land for offices and residential accommodations lack proper cosmopolitan orientation, unnecessary congestion, traffic congestion and Tribalistic nature of the indigenous people. The master plan of the New Federal Capital Territory Abuja through proper National Planning Put in place consideration for systematic growth. It provided a general framework for development within which planning for various sectors and sections can continue to expand making enough allowances for changes. The Abuja master plan has provided by international planning Association put the expanding population into consideration therefore the development of Abuja City is a continues one. Plan for residential houses includes, Central Area, Phase 1 comprising of Maitama, Garki 1 and 11, Wuse 1 and 11, Asokoro and Gwarinpa respectively.The Abuja master plan apportioned enough land for various Developmental Activities. Unlike Lagos that has limited land space for further growth. Therefore the whole objective of National planning is to ensure that man and the communities in which he lives, look far ahead to a life spent in the best possible social and economic condition and a pleasant environment permitting the full development of individual and groups. it is against this backdrop that this research attempt to look into the correlation coefficient of National Planning of Abuja on the welfarism of these urban people dwelling in the town.

Objectives of the studyThis study is set to achieve the following specific objectivesi) To examine the developmental efforts put in place through National planning of the federal

government to improve on the welfarism of Abuja urban Dwellers.ii) To investigate the benefits of National planning on the people of Abuja Municipal Area council.


iii) To find out the challenges of urban Development on the economic and social life of the urban Dwellers.

iv) To examine the possible solution to the problems of urban development on the problem of urban Dwellers.

Research Questionsi) What is the nature of developmental efforts put in place by National Planning to improve on the

Welfarism of Abuja Urban Dwellers?ii) What are the benefits of National Planning on Abuja Urban Dwellers?iii) What are the challenges of Urban Development on social-economic life of those people?iv) What are the possible solutions to those urban problems?

Hypothesis There is no significant relationship between National Planning and Welfarim of Abuja Urban Dwellers.

Scope of studyThe scope of study is the Analysis of correlation coefficient of National Planning on the welfarism of Abuja Urban Dwellers particularly residents of Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC) The time frame for study is 2006-2015. The sampled districts are Central Area District, Garki District, Wuse District, Maitama District, Asokoro District and Gwarinpa respectively.

MATERIAL AND METHODS This involves the Research Design, sources of data, population and sample size, sampling selection, data collect and analysis. The research design is a survey type which apply interview schedule together with other sources of information which interference are drawn from. Sources of data are gathered from primary sources which includes Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Interview schedule, Reconnaissance visits and personal observations. While the secondary sources of data were gathered from FCT up to date Maps, journals, pamphlets, new letters, newspapers and Bulletins. The estimated population of the study area is 8947. Multistage Sampling Technique of stratified Random Sampling and convenient sampling was employed in selecting the two hundred and thirty (230) respondents, in the study area which are Central Area, Garki 45 respondents, Wuse 50, Maitama 48, Asokoro 44 and Gwarimpa 45 respondents respectively. Making a total of 230 respondents. Date generated were collected, collated corroborated and analyzed using SPSS statistical analysis method using Pearson product moment correlation to test the relationship between the variables. Simple percentage was used to calculate the variables of the socio- demographic characteristics of the respondents in terms of Age, Sex, Marital status, occupation and educational attainment.

Measurement of variablesThe dependent variable of the study was urban dwellers perception of the impact of the National planning on the welfarism of the urban dwellers before and after being exposed to improved and modern environment of Abuja where Modern Houses, parks and garden, offices, grade A express Roads, Electricity and Water Supply and other comfort givers were properly planned and put in place before they are accommodated. Ten items were used as a parameter to measure the correlation-co efficient. They are improved the housing, Good Road Networks, improved Electricity, Environmental Sanitation and

Fumigation, improved water supply, Availability/Affordability of medical facilities, Standard Schools, functional Communication Access, Improved Income, and Food Security with high nutritional values.The item were measured on a five pout likert summated rating scale. The number values for the impact were assigned as follow 5-Strougly Agree, 4-Agree, 3-Undecided, 2-Disaagree and 1-Stuougly Disagree. On the basis of the scale value for each of the statement using mean score and standard deviation, Abuja urban Dweller perception of the correlation on the welfarism of the standard of living was later categorized.

Table I Distribution of respondents by socio-Demographic characteristics n = 230 Age distribution frequency Percentages

< 21 22 10.0 0% 21-40 60 20.0% 45-60 144 67.0% 65-70 04 03.0%

Total 230 100%

Sources: field survey 2015

Table 2 Sex Distribution Sex distribution frequency PercentagesMale 210 83.3%Female 20 16.7%Total 230 100%


Table 3 Marital Status Distribution Marital Status Frequency PercentagesSingle 18 20.0%Married 200 70.0%Divorced 08 6.7%Windowed 04 3.3%Total 230 100%


Table 4 Educational Attainment Distribution Educational Attainment Frequency PercentagesTertiary Education 220 92.0%Secondary Education 06 6.0%Primary Education 04 2.0%


Total 230 100%


Table 5 Occupational Distribution Occupational Distribution Frequency PercentagesCivil servants 228 98.0%Traders 02 2.0%Total 230 100%


Table 6 House Hold Type Distribution House Hold Type Frequency PercentagesRented 10 13.3% Leased 190 65.0%Owned 30 21.7%Total 230 100%


Correlation analysis showing the relationship x variable score and welfares of Abuja urban DwellersMatrix/parameterX1variables X1 Improved Housing X2 Good Road Networks.X3 Improved Supply Of NetworksX4 Improved water supplyX5Enviromental fumigation/sanitation X6Availability/Affordable medical facilitiesX7 Good standard schools.X8 Improved Communication AccessX9 Improved income levelX10 food security Table 2 correlation analysis showing Linear relationship between National planning Variables and Welfarism of Abuja Urban Dwellers Characteristics Correlation Coefficient of determination (X-variables) Coefficients (r1) (r2)

X1 Improved Housing 0.886*** 0.682X2 Good Road Networks. 0.887*** 0.648X3 Improved Supply of Electricity 0.672** 0.448 X4 Improved Water Supply 0.763*** 0.582X5Enviromental Fumigation/Sanitation 0.873*** 0.773

X6Availability/Affordable Medical Facilities 0.812*** 0.769X7 Good standard schools. 0.893*** 0.783X8 Improved Communication Access 0.776** 0.578X9 Improved income level 0.575** 0.381X10 food security 0.745*** 0.779*** r is significant at P < 0.01 level (r2 = 0.26.94 at P<0.05) RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the RespondentsThe socio-Demographics characteristics of the Two Hundred Twenty 230 respondents indicates that majority of the respondents are high ranking civil servants and technocrats, more than half of the respondents are between the age of 45-60 years of age, 67% only 03% are between the ages of 65-70% of age, Majority 83.30% of the respondents were male and married as indicated in table 1,2,3. This means that majority of the Urban Dwellers are male civil servants, woman represent the remaining 16.7 meaning that women are few that occupy those influential Accommodation in the study area. Majority of the respondents are Higher University Degree Civil Servants people with Higher National Diploma and First Degrees 92.0% secondary education 6.0% and 2.0% for primary school education. This shows that the educational level of the Abuja Urban Dwellers are high as shown in Table 4. Similar findings were reported by Wager (2011) among Urban Dwellers in Southern Nigeria. Higher Educated Civil Servants concentrated in Urban Centres with proper environmental planning. This is expected as modern Urban Dwellers are expected to be highly experienced Civil Servants that are conscious of decent environment, fully supplied with all the social amenities like Good Road Networks, ownership of cars and jeeps, efficient Health Faculties, effective communication networks, good schools, Electricity and water supply and so on. The data on years of experience in Urban centres indicated between 25-30 years 53.40%. While 46. 6% have spent between 6-10 years in Abuja.A larger percentage of the respondents have between 2-3 persons working for them for salary and wages at the end of the month. This set of workers ranges between Drivers, cooks and Nannyes and stewards. The nature of the respondents in terms of occupation is Civil Servants ranging from permanent secretary to Directors of Departments and Agencies, majority of the respondents energy sources for cooking was Gas, Water supply was from FCT Water Board Telephone Service from GLO, MTN, ARTTEL, ZAIN and so on through the use of Handsets of Various grades, majority of the respondents agree that water supply was constant. While Electricity is Near constant supply. While 10% describe it as Erratic in nature. Data generated also revealed that satisfactory Housing conditions are provided in Abuja Municipal Area council. Since the officers to occupy those Houses are senior officers those houses are of standard and generally spacious and of Decent Environment where security of lives and properties are guaranteed, therefore 73.3 strongly agree that the Housing condition is alright. While 26.7% of the respondents are still calling for a better Housing conditions as compared to other countries Housing structures. The nature of those House are Government leased House where some token are deducted from the workers salaries as they line in those Houses. The Houses are well structured and design for Senior Civil Servants working in Abuja. Akindele (2013) option that because of the closeness to the seat of power the urban centres in Africa are served with most of the utility services which are usually functional, at the expense of the rural area which hare little or no functional social utilities. Eyog (2013) observed that urban utility services are always very functional because of the availability of specialties in the Area of Doctors, Engineers, Technicians, Technocrats & scientist which are always found in the urban centres in


the Developing countries utility sources are better off. Dalap (2014) discovered that urban centre in the Developed World are usually associated with the functional social utility services because of the concentration of the power brokers that usually Dwell there meaning that the zone are usually a Highly skilled Man power that are the Engine room of Federal Government of Nigeria. The beautiful site of Nnamdi Azikwe International Airport, skyline of Abuja central district, Abuja National stadium, Transcorp Hilton, CBN Headquarters, Gwarinpa housing Estates etc are all located in Abuja Municipal Area Council in FCT. These development trends in AMAC are made possible through National planning which directly or indirectly affect the standard of living of the people of AMAC positively as discovered form this research findings.The result indicate a positive relationship between National planning and Abuja Urban Dwellers Welfares Abuja Municipal Area Council. The impact of National planning on the standard of living of the respondents is (r2=0.26,94 p<0.05). The positive association implies that more improved social amenities are provided by the Government the more the impact on the respondents and the general populace in the student area. The more the Amenities are utilized the better the standard of living of the people. Also data in table show the relationship between Abuja Urban Dwellers characteristics and adoption scores. The result also shows that Age and experience of Abuja Urban Dwellers were positive. This show that the more you advance in age and experience at work which invariably affect the type of Accommodation and Environment you will live in Abuja as majority of the respondents, are Federal Civil Servant this also in positively correlated (p<0.01). The more higher you are in government work the better Accommodation and Environment you are allocated. Oguntosho (2011) and Lajaty (2013) opined that Good Road Networks, Electricity, pipe borne water and Communication Access, educational attainment work experiences are the major factors of correlation and efficient water supply, income, are the majority factors of correlation that determine the welfarism of Abuja Urban Dwellers particular the civil servant that dwell in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC) FCT.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONSThe Abuja Urban Dwellers in Abuja Municipal Area Council AMAC are provided for by National planning of the Federal Government of Nigeria these Social Amenities like Good Housing, Good Road Networks, Electricity Supply, pipe borne water, Effective Fumigation/sanitation, Good medical facilities, Good school, Access to communication to improve income, food security and home Articles convenience to make life meaningful for the Urban Dwellers and raise the standard of living for them. This study reveal a positive correlation between Urban Dwellers and National Planning after the test-run and further corroboration of the by pother testing.Based on the findings of this research it is recommended that Urban Dwellers Welfarism be more boosted by providing for every 10 House a Mini Electricity Transformer for better Electricity the Supply. More improvement on pipe born water supply particularly during the month of March – May every year, there in need to organize for soft loan to enable them purchase Mini Grain Grinding Machines to every 5 houses, Government should create room for job employment of youths more sources of Energy be provided. Housing policy in AMAC should be redesigned to take care of private sector employees. About 91.2% of AMAC populace strongly agree that the contributions of Nigeria Government through her National Planning have brought about great improvement in to the Welfare of the people of Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC).

References

Adalu .A. (2014) Political and Social Concept of National Planning Lagos Longman Pub.Adesani .L. (2013) Modeling and spatial Analysis. Macmillan press limited Lagos. Pp 18-27.Africa concord (Nigeria) Abuja. Pain of setting down, 30th Decembers 2013.Akindele .K. (2012), Social changes in Nigeria Ibadan Intec printers Ltd PP 52-67.Ayofun .B. (2010) Analysis of Modern National Planning Strategies: Macmillan Pub. Ltd LagosDalap .N. (2013) word press. Com weblog resident minister of the District of Yamoussokro, Mr Jean

Konan Banny on Noverber 1st 1997.Eyog .P. (2013) Theories and Methods of National Planning. Lagos Harrison Pub. Ltd.Hassan .U. (2010) Fundamentals of National Planning in Nigeria: NERDC press Abuja.Lajaty, B (2013) Land space for planning and Reorganization. World Bank, Washington Dic.Macmillan-k. l (2010) administrative Structure and Map of FCT Abuja.MFCT (2012) FCT statistical year bookMichael P. Todaro and Stephen C. Smith (2006) Economic Development, England, Pearson Education

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pp 117-221.Wager .J. (2011) Analysis of Government housing policy Nigeria. Zaria, Ahmadu Bello University Press.

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analysis of correlation coefficient of national planning ... · to be a virgin land turned into new...

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