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AnAlysis for Action
2017 Annual Report
2017 Annual Report
MISSION STATEMENT
By undertaking research and data collection in key areas and themes, the Knowledge for Change Program supports the development of effective policies and programs in developing countries with an aim to reduce poverty and promote sustainable development.
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CONTENTS
Letter from Senior management of DeveLopment economicS (Dec) 1
meSSage from the WorLD Bank’S reSearch Director 3
i. program goaLS 7
ii. vaLue aDD 7
iii. aBout thiS report 8
iv. BackgrounD 8
v. progreSS anD achievementS 10
vi. kcp financeS 31
annex a: kcp reSearch projectS in profiLe 33
annex B: kcp projectS portfoLio 41
kcp DonorS 59
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FIGURES
FIGURE 1. Global Migrant Stocks, 1960 to 2015 4
FIGURE 2. Proposal Selection Process 8
FIGURE 3. KCP II Donor Contributions Received, by Donor 9
FIGURE 4. KCP III Donor Contributions Received, by Donor 9
FIGURE 5. KCP II Donor Contributions Received, by Window 11
FIGURE 6. KCP II Allocations and Distriribution, by Region 11
FIGURE 7. Indicators in FY2017 28
FIGURE A.1 Visualization of Income Distributions 38
FIGURE A.2 Prototype Histogram Display for a Selection of Countries in the Communauté Financière Africaine Currency Union 40
FIGURE B.1 KCP III Allocations by Window 41
FIGURE B.2 KCP III Allocations and Distriribution, by Region 41
FIGURE B.3 KCP III Allocations and Distriribution 42
TABLE B.2 KCP III Allocations and Disbursements 51
BOXES
BOX 1. Financial Crisis and Foreign Bank Lending to Developing Countries 12
BOX 2. Primary Care in Rural India 13
BOX 3. Kagera Health and Development Survey 14
BOX 4. Improved Survey Data Provided Evidence for the Chinese Government to Raise the Poverty Line 15
BOX 5. PovcalNet Do Your Own Poverty Analysis 16
BOX 6. ENVISAGE Helps World Bank Operations to Evaluate the Impact of Climate Change 17
BOX 7. Capacity Building of National Statistics Agencies 21
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TABLES
TABLE 1. KCP II Parent Fund Accounts Statement 18
TABLE 2. New KCP III Projects Approved in FY2017 (US$) 29
TABLE 3. KCP III Parent Fund Accounts Statement 32
TABLE B.1 KCP II Allocations and Disbursements 43
TABLE B.3 Completed KCP II Projects in FY2017 (US$) 55
TABLE B.4 Completed KCP III Projects in FY2017 (US$) 56
TABLE B.5 Ongoing KCP III Projects in FY2017 (US$) 57
1
Letter from Senior management of DeveLopment economicS (Dec)
Everyone agrees that knowledge is critical to development. Analytically
rigorous and empirically corroborated ideas such as open trade regimes,
independent central banks, early childhood development, and condition-
al cash transfers have arguably lifted hundreds of millions out of pover-
ty. There is less agreement on how knowledge brings about change. One,
somewhat traditional approach is to accumulate, often country-specific,
knowledge and give it to a policy maker who, based on the strength of the
evidence presented, takes a decision that affects the welfare of the people
in the country. But policy making is deeply political. Rarely do decisions get
made based purely on scientific evidence. Instead, they get made when
there is a political consensus around that decision. And that consensus is more likely to be sustained
if it emerges from a widespread public debate. A second approach therefore is for the knowledge
generated by research and analysis to be put in the public domain so that it can nourish the public
debate with evidence.
The second approach is how DEC seeks to promote development. All of our knowledge products—
World Development Reports, research papers, databases, global indicators such as Doing Business,
and flagship publications such as Global Economic Prospects—are published and made accessible
(free of charge) to the public so that they can inform the public debates around contentious policy
issues. The research on migration described in this volume is an example. The rhetoric on migration,
especially in the U.S. and Europe, is often at variance with the facts. By undertaking careful, empirical
analysis—based on hard-to-find data—DEC has not only helped to increase the evidence content of
the debate, but also suggested some reasons why the resistance to migration is so strong, thereby
helping to bridge the gap between rhetoric and reality.
Since it could benefit any country that is considering the relevant policy issues and is made available to
the general public at no cost, this knowledge has all the characteristics of a global public good. And,
as with all public goods, there is a temptation for the beneficiaries to “free ride” and let someone
else bear the costs. The Knowledge for Change Program (KCP) is a counterpoint. It is a demonstra-
tion of the global community’s willingness to contribute to the production of this global public good.
Shanta DevarajanSenior Director
2
That donors pool their funds and the resources are allocated on a competitive basis with a strict
governance structure helps protect the “publicness” of the knowledge products that DEC generates.
Moreover, knowledge is not created in a vacuum; it emerges from the exchange of ideas and debate.
The KCP can also serve as a platform where the World Bank and national research communities meet.
In short, the collaboration between DEC and KCP is a partnership, based on mutual trust and under-
standing, that has been both extraordinarily productive—as this report shows—and a success story in
international cooperation. Together, we can work towards achieving the ultimate global public good,
a world free of poverty.
Shanta Devarajan
Senior Director
Development Economics
3
meSSage from the WorLD Bank’S reSearch Director
ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGE OF GLOBAL MIGRATION
The main asset owned by the world’s poor is their labor. Enabling the poor
to make the best possible use of this asset is one of the most direct paths
to alleviating poverty. Whether across sectors, occupations, or physical lo-
cations, the movement of labor to more productive uses is a universal char-
acteristic of all successful development experiences.
Migration across national borders provides perhaps the starkest example
of how big a difference the movement of labor can make. An example
from New Zealand suggests the income gains can be impressive. New
Zealand organizes a visa lottery program—the Samoan Quota & Pacific
Access Category Scheme—that uses a random ballot to allocate visas to citizens of several coun-
tries, among them the island nation of Tonga. A study by McKenzie, Stillman, and Gibson (2010) finds that within a year Tongans who were chosen for visas were earning three times as much as those
who were not selected. These gains persisted even 10 years later.
The rising aspirations of the world’s poor mean that migration will be a fundamental feature of the
world for the foreseeable future. Although migration brings with it clear economic advantages for
migrants, it also raises difficult and often contentious policy questions for destination countries and
the families and countries that migrants leave behind. Often these policy questions are debated in
a vacuum with little data or evidence on the trade-offs between various policy options. But as our
forthcoming Policy Research Report Global Migration and Labor Markets argues, there are many op-
portunities to improve the current situation, for migrants and destination countries.
Myths and Realities of Global Migration
One of the first challenges in discussing policy toward migration is assembling reliable worldwide data
on global patterns. The World Bank has made significant efforts in generating a long-term picture of
the issue with its Global Bilateral Migration Database, which covers 1960 to 2010. Supplemented with
more recent data from the United Nations, we can begin to obtain insights into overall patterns that,
at times, are quite at odds with the prevailing beliefs about migration.
Aslı Demirgüç-Kunt Research Director
4
The percentage of migrants as a share of the world’s population has been stable over the past six
decades.
As of 2016, there were slightly more than 240 million migrants in the world. Although migrant stocks
have grown over time, they have simply kept pace with world population growth—contrary to what
some anxiety-fueled headlines might suggest (see Figure 1). Immigration is highly concentrated in 10
destination countries, which host around 60 percent of immigrants, and this has changed little over
time.
However, what has changed is the global stock of refugees, which are now at a 20-year high. As of
2015, there were an estimated 15 million refugees worldwide. Despite this growth, refugees continue
to make up a small percentage of the total migrant population. It is not so much the total number
of refugees that causes repeated crises, but rather the suddenness of refugee flows and absence of
burden-sharing across countries.
FIGURE 1. Global Migrant Stocks, 1960 to 2015
0
50
100
150
200
250
World migrant population
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
World migrant rate
Mig
rant
s (M
illio
ns)
Wo
rld m
igra
tion
rate
(%)
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015
Source: Data are from the World Bank Global Migration Database (1960–2000), United Nations Global Migration Database (2010–15), and United Nations World Population Prospects.
Migrants are much more educated than in the past.
In 1990, migrants with a tertiary-level education made up only 27 percent of the total stock of migrants.
Two decades later, that Figure had increased to 50 percent. These highly educated migrants are even
more concentrated in a subset of destination countries than the general population of migrants. Just
5
four countries—the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia—account for 75 per-
cent of the world’s highly educated migrants. This has consequences for the distribution of relative
benefits and costs for destination countries as well as origin countries.
Financial factors are the primary but not the only determinant of migration decisions.
Differences in wages between countries play a primary role in the decision about where to migrate.
Migrants are 10 percent more likely to choose a destination country if the mean annual wages are
US$2,000 higher than in an alternative destination. But several other factors come into play. The costs
associated with migration can influence the decision about the destination country, including the
physical distance, process of assimilation, and various psychological costs. These can be mitigated
by factors such as preexisting networks of co-nationals or use of a common language. The policies of
destination countries toward migrants also matter, although law enforcement efforts to discourage
unauthorized immigrants often have a limited effect.
Impact of Global Migration
Convincingly identifying the long- and short-term impacts of migration has proven to be a Gordian
knot within the economics discipline. Migration patterns evolve in tandem with destination countries’
migration policies, making it difficult to identify cause and effect. However, several “natural experi-
ments”—instances of relatively unanticipated, large immigration flows—have helped us identify three
general insights about the impacts of immigration.
First, immigration causes significant dislocation among the native-born citizens of a country, especially
those who compete most directly with immigrant labor. For example, following the fall of communism
in Eastern Europe, Germany implemented a policy allowing Czech workers in certain border munic-
ipalities to work, but not reside, in Germany. There was nearly a one-to-one decrease in native-born
employment—German workers simply moved to other parts of the country.
Second, native-born citizens who do not directly compete with immigrants often experience signif-
icant gains, since immigrants complement their skills. For example, immigration often increases the
quality and quantity of childcare and housekeeping services, freeing up women who are natives of a
country—especially the highly skilled—to enter the labor force. Over the longer run, the greater avail-
ability of household services may even prompt native-born women to invest more in their education.
Third, the impact on wages tends to be small compared with the dislocation experienced by na-
tive-born citizens. Instead of accepting lower wages, natives who directly compete with immigrants
tend to change occupations, sectors, or physical locations, or become unemployed.
In many respects, the impact of migration can be compared with international trade. Although the
overall economic benefits are large, they are not equally shared. But unlike international trade, global
6
migration occurs without a structure of global rules and institutions like the World Trade Organization
to support mutually beneficial cooperation—thus increasing the amount of political conflict and exac-
erbating the hardships many migrants experience.
Better Policies for Migrants and Destination Countries
Economic considerations are only a part of the complex set of issues that inform migration policy. But
economic analysis can help identify policies that can increase the benefits for migrants and destination
countries.
In the current global context where international coordination is largely absent, the responsibility for
policy falls on individual countries. With a few exceptions, most countries’ policies are designed pri-
marily to prevent migrants from entering the country or limit the number of entrants. In many cases,
those who are granted the right to immigrate often face uncertain conditions once in the country, with
temporary work visas and no path to permanent residence. In other words, governments expend a
lot of effort fighting market forces with legal tools, often with limited success. That many migrants risk
their lives to cross oceans on rickety boats highlights how strong the incentives are to move.
Migration is—by and large—a response to financial incentives driven by economic disparities be-
tween countries. Although the overall economic impact of migration is positive, the distributional im-
plications are problematic, whether between migrants and natives or between origin and destination
countries. But policy is made unilaterally by destination countries, often with economic considerations
taking a back seat. The result is economic inefficiency, exploitation, millions of undocumented mi-
grants, and political conflict. Formal and stable frameworks between origin and destination countries
would go a long way toward solving these issues. Since most global migration patterns are domi-
nated by a handful of large corridors, much of the coordination could be accomplished via bilateral
arrangements.
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I. Program goals
The Knowledge for Change Program (KCP) is a multi-donor trust fund established in 2002 to promote
high quality, innovative research that creates knowledge to support policies for poverty reduction
and sustainable development. Since its inception, the KCP has raised over $60 million and funded
more than 300 projects for research and data collection to support effective policies and programs in
developing countries.
II. Value add
KCP has been an effective tool to pool various funds and intellectual resources. KCP was estab-
lished with several research priorities and maintains rigorous standards in selecting research proposals
for funding. KCP covers a wide range of topics and remains flexible in terms of structure. This has al-
lowed the KCP to meet various donors’ research interests, and accommodate emerging topics within
KCP’s research framework.
KCP provides a transparent process for reviewing and funding proposals through a competitive
process. Over the years, KCP has formulated a set of rigorous and competitive procedures, to ensure
that high quality proposals receive KCP funding. After a Call for Proposals, research teams first pre-
pare a two-page concept note and submit it to their DEC Directors. Directors screen concept notes in
their respective departments for the first round of quality control. For cleared concept notes, research
teams prepare full proposals through the internal Grant Funding Request (GFR) system.
Each full proposal is sent to two to three external subject matter experts to review. External reviewers
rate and comment on each proposal’s analytical design, data, literature, program implementation,
policy relevance, and local capacity building—using a rating scale of 1 to 5. When a proposal receives
overall scores from different reviewers with a difference of 3 and above, it is sent to an additional ex-
ternal reviewer for an extra round of reviews. The rating, comments and recommendations from the
reviewers are shared with the Internal Management Committee (IMC). The IMC is chaired by the head
of DEC, and composed of DEC Directors and the Regional and Global Practice Chief Economists. The
IMC will then meet and decide on funding allocations based on the review process, as well as the
proposal’s overall strategic relevance, and availability of funding.
8
FIGURE 2. Proposal Selection Process
DEC research team submits Concept Note (CN)
DEC Directors screen proposal
If CN is cleared, team prepares full proposal
IMC makes final decision base on external review rating
External subject experts review
Note: CN = Concept Note; DEC = Development Economics Group; IMC = Internal Management Committee.
This process ensures that successful research proposals will use rigorous analytical approaches to yield
valid results and reliable evidence. Data projects will have methodological rigor of data collection and
quality control processes in place.
III. about thIs rePort
This Annual Report is intended to highlight and summarize the results of the KCP from July 2016
through June 2017. This includes the formal closure of Knowledge for Change Program Phase II (KCP
II), ongoing progress of projects within Knowledge for Change Program Phase III (KCP III), and a sec-
ond call for proposals under KCP III.
IV. background
KCP II and KCP III — Contributions and Donors
From its inception in 2008, KCP II, which was formally completed on June 30, 2017, received a total
of US$31 million in contributions from 12 donors. KCP III has received US$11.7 million in cash contri-
butions from seven donors, and an additional US$3.4 million was pledged by the end of June 2017.
The 12 donors of KCP II were the United Kingdom, Finland, Sweden, Australia, Korea, Norway, Cana-
da, Japan, Denmark, Switzerland, China, and Singapore (Figure 2). The seven donors for the ongoing
KCP III are Norway, Estonia, Canada, the United Kingdom, Finland, France, and Sweden (Figure 3).
9
FIGURE 3. KCP II Donor Contributions Received, by DonorFrom Inception to June 30, 2017 (US$ Thousands)
United Kingdom $7,200 à 23%
Switzerland $517 à 2%
Sweden $2,218 à 7%
Singapore $300 à 1%
Norway $3,342 à 11%
Korea, Rep. of $3,468 à 11%
Japan $1,500 à 5%
Finland $6,029 à 19%
Denmark $924 à 3%
China $500 à 1%
Canada $1,946 à 6%
Australia $3,323 à 11%
FIGURE 3: KCP II Donor Contributions Received, by DonorFrom Inception to June 30, 2017 (US$ Thousands)
FIGURE 4. KCP III Donor Contributions Received, by DonorFrom Inception to June 30, 2017 (US$ Thousands)
United Kingdom $1,340 à 11%
Sweden $1,000 à 9%
Norway $5,009 à 43%France $212 à 2%
Finland $3,314 à 28%
Estonia $481 à 4%
Canada $304 à 3%
FIGURE 4: KCP III Donor Contributions Received, by DonorFrom Inception to June 30, 2017 (US$ Thousands)
10
V. Progress and achIeVements
Completion of KCP II
June 2017 marked the official completion of KCP II. Since it became operational in December 2008
and until its official closure on June 30, 2017, KCP II received a total of US$31 million in contributions
from 12 donors, and funded 176 research projects to support finding solutions to a variety of devel-
opment challenges on a wide range of topics.
KCP II in Retrospective
KCP II was originally set up with three windows: Window I: Poverty Dynamics and Public Service Deliv-
ery, Window II: Investment Climate & Trade and Integration, and Window III: Global Public Goods. In
2010, a fourth window was established: Economic Development and Structural Change. The window
was built on the observation that economic development is a process of continuous structural change,
and the market and state both have appropriate roles to play in facilitating structural change in devel-
oping countries. Finland became KCP II’s first signing donor in December 2008. The United Kingdom
was the first donor contributing to the newly established fourth window on Economic Development
and Structural Change, in February 2010.
The distribution of contributions among the four windows was: US$10.5 million (34 percent) to Win-
dow I: Poverty Dynamics and Public Service Delivery; US$5.4 million (17 percent) to Window II: In-
vestment Climate & Trade and Integration; US$7.2 million (23 percent) to Window III: Global Public
Goods; and US$8.1 million (26 percent) to Window IV: Economic Development and Structural Change
(Figure 5).
KCP’s IMC allocated US$28.6 million to 176 projects: 53 projects (US$9.6 million) in Window I, 55
projects (US$5.2 million) in Window II, 35 projects (US$6. 8 million) in Window III, and 33 projects
(US$7.0 million) in Window IV. The majority of projects (78 percent, US$22.4 million) addressed global
issues; US$3.0 million (11 percent) was allocated to projects directly related to Africa; US$2.2 million
(8 percent) to projects directly related to Asia; and about US$ 1.0 million (3 percent) to other regions
(Figure 6). Five projects were dropped due to various reasons beyond the task team’s control, and
those funds were returned to the parent account.
11
FIGURE 5. KCP II Donor Contributions Received, by Window US$ Thousands
Poverty Dynamics & Public Service Delivery
$10,525 à 34%
Investment Climate & Trade and Integration
$5,444 à 17%
Global Public Goods$7,197 à 23%
Economic Development & Structural Change
$8,102 à 26%
FIGURE 5: KCP II Donor Contributions Received, by Window US$ Thousands
FIGURE 6. KCP II Allocations and Distriribution, by Region US$ Thousands
Global $22,534 à 78%
Others $979 à 3%
Asia $2,201 à 8%
Africa $3,017 à 11%
FIGURE 6: KCP II Allocations and Distriribution, by Region US$ Thousands
12
Addressing Emerging Challenges, Striving for Policy Impact
Targeting Knowledge Gaps, Quickly Adapting to Emerging Challenges
KCP II has been an important instrument for addressing pressing knowledge gaps, with a flexibility to
adapt to newly emerging gaps. After the 2008 global financial crisis, KCP II quickly allocated funding
to study the causes of the crisis and analyze manifestations and impacts for developing countries. Such
projects included The Financial Crisis and Foreign Bank Participation in Developing Countries (Box 1);
Globalization, Risk, and Crises; Analyzing the Impact of Financial Crisis on International Bank Lend-
ing to Developing Countries; Will There Be a Phoenix Miracle? Firm-Level Evidence from Financial
Crises; Labor Markets and Impacts of the Financial Crisis: Evidence from China and India; Economic
Growth and Crisis in Africa: Improving Methods for Measuring Poverty; and others.
With climate change and pollution increasingly posing a threat, KCP invested in projects to study
the cost of climate change (for example, Economic Valuation of Losses Due to “Amazon Dieback”;
Sustainable Poverty Reduction and Shared Prosperity under a Changing Climate; The Economics of
Adaptation to Salinity Intrusion—The Case of Coastal Bangladesh; and Economics of Biofuels and
Potential Impacts on Biodiversity).
Other projects analyzed the impacts of mitigation measures (for example, Improving Efficiency and
Climate Change Mitigation—Electricity Market Competition and Low-Carbon Generation Technolo-
gies; Green Growth Opportunities in Developing Countries; Economic Impacts of Low Carbon Growth
BOX 1. Financial Crisis and Foreign Bank Lending to Developing Countries
The project Financial Crisis and Foreign Bank Participation in Developing Countries
studied how the 2007–08 crisis affected foreign bank lending to developing countries.
It put together a comprehensive, country-level bilateral data set on foreign bank claims
across developing countries. The project quantified the importance, composition, and
growth of foreign bank claims across developing countries before the crisis, and inves-
tigated the changes in foreign bank claims during and immediately after the crisis. The
study finds that heavy reliance on direct, cross-border lending resulted in steeper con-
tractions in total foreign claims during the crisis. In addition, contractions were severer
and recovery was slower in regions that relied heavily on lending in foreign currency. The
results will help developing country policy makers better understand the behavior of
foreign banks and thus adjust their policies to avoid future turmoil.
13
Scenarios in Selected Developing Countries; and Quantifying the Transaction Costs of Selected Ener-
gy Efficiency Measures to Reduce GHG Emissions).
At a time when protectionism was on the rise, KCP II invested in projects like Storage and Trade
Policies for Improving Food Security, and Least Developed Countries and the Externality Impact of
WTO Dispute Settlement to analyze the costs and benefits of trade agreements, providing evidence
for policy making.
Understanding Service Delivery, Achieving Greater Impact
Broad improvements in human development and welfare will not occur unless the poor receive wider
access to affordable and improved services in health care, education, water, and sanitation. A better
understanding of how the delivery of services in these sectors contributes to improving human devel-
opment outcomes, and how to make these services work better for the poor, is critical.
BOX 2. Primary Care in Rural India
In rural India, people often go to private sector “doctors” lacking a formal medical train-
ing. Two KCP projects (“Quality of Care in Health Markets: Supply and Demand-Side
Perspectives”, “Quality of Care, it’s Determinants and how it can be improved”) recruit-
ed and extensively trained people from local communities as “standardized patients”
to present the same medical case to multiple providers and recall the details of their
clinical interactions. The projects found that over half the patients did not receive cor-
rect treatment for uncomplicated presentations of angina, asthma, and diarrhea. The
team also worked with the Liver Foundation and the Government of West Bengal on
a triple-blind evaluation of a training program run by the foundation. The evaluation
showed that the training program significantly increased the likelihood of correct case
management, closing the gap between informal providers and fully trained doctors by
half. Informed by the results, the Government of West Bengal completed a census of
all informal providers (100,000 in the state) and has scaled up the training in batches to
all the providers. The study on the quality of care among informal providers has signifi-
cantly altered the global health community’s fundamental assumptions about informal
providers and the private sector. The results challenge existing assumptions about the
inability of people—especially the poor and the uneducated –to make accurate choices
about their health care.
14
KCP II invested in many projects studying service delivery, for example, HIV/AIDS Treatment and
Prevention; Quality of Care in Health Markets: Supply- and Demand-Side Perspectives (Box 2); Poli-
cy, Governance and the Private Sector in the Provision of Public Services: Evidence from Indonesia’s
Health Sector; An Evaluation of Long-Term Impacts of an Integrated Early Childhood Intervention for
Low-Income Families in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Behavioral Economics for Better Public Service Man-
agement; Quality of Care, Its Determinants and How It Can Be Improved; and others. Many of these
projects generated useful evidence on how to improve services for the poor.
Investing in Innovations in Data Collection
KCP supports innovations in data collection, helping to replace time-consuming and expensive tradi-
tional methods. The KCP II project Kagera Health and Development Survey (KHDS) 2010: Long-Run
Patterns of Growth and Poverty in Africa developed a Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing sur-
vey solution (Box 3). The solution helped quickly provide accurate and comprehensive data inn areas
such as health and development, with bearings on available measurement methods and technologies
to yield this information.
BOX 3. Kagera Health and Development Survey
The Kagera Health and Development Survey (KHDS) developed a computer-assisted
personal interviewing (CAPI) survey solution. The survey was conducted by paperless
interviewing technology using CAPI. The solution sped up the data collection process.
Since data entry was embedded into the interview, identification of errors and missing
field checks were programmed into the questionnaires. Toward the end of the survey,
there were more than 1,400 built-in consistency checks in the program. Before leaving
the household, interviewers ran the final validation check and resolved any problems di-
rectly with the respondent while still in the household. Data were uploaded immediately
from the field to a secure server using GRPS-enabled mobile phone networks. Data from
previous waves were carried forward to the questionnaires, providing the opportunity to
resolve possible inconsistencies between the waves. KHDS is an innovative household
survey that demonstrates how properly implemented surveys generate necessary infor-
mation of sufficient quality and accuracy with speed and at a relatively low cost. Later,
other KCP projects (for example, Functionality to Conduct Complex Household and
Agricultural Surveys with CAPI) continued to invest in improving the CAPI application
to achieve faster, better, and cheaper data collection. The software has since been used
in 85 countries.
15
Promoting Evidence-Based Policy Making
KCP-funded projects have been promoting evidence-based policy making by providing a wide
breadth of statistical evidence and data as a result of project findings and/or over the course of
project implementation. Household surveys are an important source of socioeconomic data. Often
such surveys derive important indicators to inform and monitor development policies in developing
countries.
KCP II supported many data collection efforts as well as survey methodology improvements. Exam-
ples include the Kagera Health and Development Survey 2010: Long-Run Patterns of Growth and Poverty in Africa, Correcting the Sampling Bias of the China Urban Household Survey (Box 4), Tanzania Social Action Funds R3 Survey Support, Improving Data on Population Health and Skills Using Tablet-Compatible Household Survey Diagnostic Instruments, National Account vs. Survey Based Welfare, Survey Data Repository and Management Toolkit, and UNICEF-WHO-The World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Dataset Expansion.
Devising Tools to Empower Researchers and Policy Makers in Developing Countries
KCP II focused on developing analytical tools to allow policy makers and researchers to generate their
own analysis and produce evidence-based policy. The PovcalNet, Maquette for MDG Simulations,
Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS), and LSMS-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture are some
BOX 4. Improved Survey Data Provided Evidence for the Chinese Government to Raise the Poverty Line
The China Urban Household Survey project helped China’s National Bureau of Statistics
to improve Chinese household survey data and integrate China’s rural and urban house-
hold surveys. The project teams held six training workshops to work with National Bu-
reau of Statistics staff and others, to solve the problems and discuss how to use the data
to provide timely information for policy makers. The data and research findings were
used in urban and rural social protection projects of the World Bank’s China Analytical
and Advisory Assistance (AAA) programs. They were also used by the Chinese Academy
of Social Sciences in a report to establish a social safety net in rural and urban Chi-
na, which was featured in the government’s 12th five-year plan. Based on the research
findings, the authors provided evidence that has resulted in the Chinese government’s
decision to raise the official poverty line to ¥ 6.3 per day in 2011. This was featured in a
2011 article in The Economist discussing China’s poverty line.
16
of the powerful tools that have been developed for economic analyses of poverty trends, structural
transformation, and impacts of various economic interventions (Box 5).
Improved Collaboration between Research and Operations
Research teams in DEC are encouraged to involve their operational colleagues from the early stages
of projects, to assess demand, obtain input, and collaborate on operational projects.
One example is the project on Sustainable Poverty Reduction and Shared Prosperity under a Chang-
ing Climate developed an Environmental Impact and Sustainability Applied General Equilibrium Mod-
el (Box 7). This model has been mainstreamed as a technical advisory tool, adopted by two World
Bank Global Practices and the Office of the Chief Economist for Europe and Central Asia. These units
maintain and operate the updated model. They provide technical support directly to clients and
World Bank teams working on climate issues, including National Determined Contributions in global
GHG mitigation under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change process.
Program Evaluation and Moving Forward
During KCP II’s implementation phase, the World Bank commissioned an independent evaluation of
the program. “The evaluation convincingly confirms that KCP is a truly effective way of supporting
the production of high-quality, policy-relevant research,” Lyn Squire, the main evaluator, stated in the
report. “The KCP has been remarkably successful in achieving its primary objective of promoting ‘high
quality, cutting edge research’…that creates knowledge to support poverty reduction and sustainable
development.”
BOX 5. PovcalNet Do Your Own Poverty Analysis
PovcalNet is an interactive computational tool that allows the user to replicate calcula-
tions made by World Bank researchers in estimating the extent of absolute poverty in
the world, regions, and countries. PovcalNet can also perform a range of simulations
and compute the growth rate needed to reach a poverty reduction goal. During FY2017,
PovcalNet delivered 33.8 million computations for users around the world. All six World
Bank Regions and the Poverty Global Practice use PovcalNet to simulate poverty and in-
equality measures under different scenarios. These outputs have also been used by the
International Monetary Fund, United Nations Development Program, Asian Develop-
ment Bank, Food and Agriculture Organization, International Labor Organization, and
many other organizations in their work and publications.
17
The report also made suggestions in areas of strengthening local capacity building and improving
policy impact. With the discussion and endorsement of the donors at the KCP Consultative Group
meeting in Copenhagen (November, 2012) , several processes and procedures were put in place
to emphasize policy impact and capacity building in KCP projects. These initiatives include giving
additional importance to these areas in the KCP application and reporting process; inviting policy
makers to attend KCP Consultative Group meetings; setting aside 15 percent of the total budget
for proposals with high capacity-building elements; and investing in specific policy-relevant projects
(for example, Operationalization of WDR 2015: Mind, Society, and Behavior, and creating the Mind,
Behavior and Development (eMBeD) Unit).
BOX 6. ENVISAGE Helps World Bank Operations to Evaluate the Impact of Climate Change
The project on Sustainable Poverty Reduction and Shared Prosperity under a Changing
Climate developed the Environmental Impact and Sustainability Applied General Equi-
librium Model (ENVISAGE). ENVISAGE helps assess interactions between economies
and the global environment as affected by anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emis-
sions to analyze a variety of issues related to the economics of climate change, including
baseline carbon dioxide and GHGs, impacts of climate change on the economy, adap-
tation to climate change, and distributional consequences of climate change.
At the time of the project’s conception, the World Bank Group had no analytical tools
that could provide scenario analysis of the impacts of climate change or climate policy
on development issues.
The modeling tools developed have been widely used for better understanding the im-
pacts of climate change for evidence-based policy. In one project, ENVISAGE was used
to quantify and assess the impact of a slowing China and a growing India on the Russian
economy. In another analytical project, on economic modeling for sustained growth in
Slovakia, the project’s macro-modeling team calibrated ENVISAGE on the Global Trade
Analysis Project’s Power database to analyze policies that support sustainable growth
in Slovakia. The computable general equilibrium model was linked to a detailed ener-
gy market model for Slovakia, which allowed the modeling framework to estimate the
economywide effects of detailed energy market policies. The Slovak Ministry of Environ-
ment is planning to use the tools to design policies that will assist Slovakia in meeting
its GHG abatement targets.
18
TABLE 1. KCP II Parent Fund Accounts StatementAs of June 30, 2017, (US$), UNAUDITED
Poverty Dynamics &
Public Service Delivery
Investment Climate & Trade and Integration
Global Public Goods
Economic Development & Structural
Change TOTAL
Contributions received
United Kingdom 2,958,121.54 1,636,727.54 1,684,440.92 920,740.00 7,200,030.00
Finland 1,762,509.21 1,762,509.21 1,762,509.21 741,884.22 6,029,411.85
Sweden 1,472,392.95 28,098.52 696,118.38 21,073.89 2,217,683.74
Australia 1,593,740.00 1,064,580.00 664,580.00 3,322,900.00
Korea, Rep. 1,500,000.00 1,968,064.15 3,468,064.15
Canada 773,402.74 486,942.26 193,517.17 492,536.43 1,946,398.60
Norway 402,855.44 402,855.44 2,133,471.57 402,855.44 3,342,037.89
Japan 1,500,000.00 1,500,000.00
Denmark 924,351.11 924,351.11
Switzerland 62,028.33 62,028.33 62,028.33 330,817.73 516,902.72
China 500,000.00 500,000.00
Singapore 300,000.00 300,000.00
Total contributions received
10,525,050.21 5,443,741.30 7,196,665.58 8,102,322.97 31,267,780.06
Administrative fee (1%) (105,250.50) (54,437.41) (71,966.66) (81,023.23) (312,677.80)
Net contributions received
10,419,799.71 5,389,303.89 7,124,698.92 8,021,299.74 30,955,102.26
Investment income 104,020.77 69,347.42 75,466.05 89,621.89 338,456.13
Less:
Project allocations (9,607,573.09) (5,162,038.81) (6,778,767.92) (7,003,424.72) (28,551,804.54)
Program management and administration
(543,572.97) (198,075.47) (336,523.06)(591,672.33)
(1,669,843.83)
Technical reviewers’ fees
(85,142.09) (60,342.17) (58,141.53) (82,566.65) (286,192.44)
Transfer to donor balance account
(10,708.98) (2,300.46) (10,134.88) (21,793.08) (44,937.40)
ESTIMATED FUNDS BALANCE
276,823.35 35,894.40 16,597.58 411,464.85 740,780.18
19
Progress of KCP III: Ongoing and Completed Projects in FY2017
KCP III funds policy relevant research and data activities in the following themes: Fragility and Risk
Management, Innovation in Data Production, International Cooperation and Global Public Goods,
Service Delivery and Aid Effectiveness, World Bank Flagship Reports, Growth and Job Creation, and
Poverty and Shared Prosperity. By June 30, 2017, KCP III had allocated funding for 51 projects with a
total funding of US$10.3 million.
In FY2017, 17 projects were completed and 33 projects were ongoing. One project was dropped
due to a local partner’s withdrawal, and funds subsequently returned. Tables B.4 and B.5 in Annex B
provide a full list of the completed, dropped, and ongoing KCP III projects. Outputs from this phase
include high-quality papers, databases, policy notes, and research tools covering a broad range of
development topics and issues.
This section provides highlights of completed and ongoing projects by theme. It provides a general
description of each theme and reports more details of one highlighted research project under each
theme.
A. Fragility and Risk Management
The Fragility and Risk Management theme focuses on the challenges of fragile and conflict-affected
areas, which are home to a significant share of the world’s extremely poor. Furthermore, this window
entails research on risk-management policies at the country, regional, or global level under different
sources of risks, such as significant economic crises, natural disasters, or health epidemics. In FY2017,
two projects were ongoing in this window: one on Social Network Mapping and Analysis for Youth
Living in High-Violence Urban Neighborhoods in Honduras, and the other on the Global Financial
Development Report on Global Banking.
HigHligHt: Social Network Mapping and Analysis for Youth Living in High-Violence Areas
Honduras is the second most violent country in the world (UNDP 2013). Although violence affects the
economy as a whole, the burden of violence is not spread equally. Homicide victims and perpetrators
are disproportionately concentrated among young, disadvantaged men. Male homicide rates in the
country rise sharply in adolescence and peak in the twenties before beginning a gradual decline. Ad-
dressing violence in Honduras is therefore an important national and regional policy priority. As male
youth are the most likely perpetrators and victims, addressing the needs and behaviors of this group
is particularly salient.
Existing evidence suggests that network structure may play a critical role in determining patterns of
criminality and victimization. Understanding the structure of such networks is an essential input into
any work that aims to identify the most cost-effective means of reducing crime and violence within
this subpopulation.
20
This project proposes to map and analyze the social networks of youth living in selected high-violence
urban neighborhoods in Honduras, to understand the social dynamics that create and perpetuate
violence. This mapping will link people ages 15–25 living in these areas along eight dimensions: (i)
seeking employment; (ii) personal, work-related, and health problems; (iii) safety and security; (iv)
coping and anger management; (v) drugs and sex; (vi) borrowing and lending small sums of money;
(vii) recreation; and (viii) friendship.
The project has two primary objectives:
To analyze the behavior and social dynamics of youth living in high-violence, low-opportunity contexts
with established gang presence, and to understand the nature and structure of networks that inform
decisions and behaviors that are inherently social.
To assess how network structure characteristics shape the following: information diffusion; enrollment
in a labor market readiness and insertion program for at-risk youth; and antisocial behavior, labor
market outcomes, and other program impacts.
The work is carried out through an ongoing research partnership with the Government of Honduras
in the context of the World Bank–financed Safer Municipalities Project. The research partnership also
includes the University of Illinois and the World Bank’s Social, Urban, Rural, and Resilience Global
Practice.
The team is currently working on data processing and initial analyses using census data.
B. Innovation in Data Production, Analysis, and Dissemination
This theme addresses the need to establish strong baselines and a monitoring system for poverty
alleviation, shared prosperity, and sustainability goals. In this past reporting year, five projects were
completed and eight were ongoing under this theme. The five completed projects focus on the areas
of developing advanced methods of data analysis (Producing, Analyzing and Visualizing Global In-
come Distributions; Calibration in Sample Survey Estimation: Improving the Quality of Socioeconomic
Indicators by Using Auxiliary Information; and Generation of Synthetic Data for ex ante Impact Assess-
ments) and improving survey capability (Measuring and Analyzing Teacher Knowledge and Behavior,
and Benchmarking the Private Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa). Many of these projects work closely with
local partners and help strengthen local capacity (Box 7).
21
BOX 7. Capacity Building of National Statistics Agencies
KPC III funds projects that contribute to improving the quality of survey data collected by
national statistics agencies in developing countries, through training and collaboration.
Calibration in Sample Survey Estimation: Improving the Quality of Socioeconomic Indi-
cators by Using Auxiliary Information
National statistics agencies in developing countries produce estimates of poverty, in-
equality, and many other socioeconomic indicators by conducting sample surveys of
various kinds. In industrialized countries, response rates to sample surveys are low (often
well below 70 percent). Advanced sample calibration techniques are therefore imple-
mented to correct the survey results by adjusting the sampling weights. In developing
countries, response rates are usually high (often above 90 percent). Complex adjust-
ments for nonresponse are thus not seen as critical and are not implemented.
But nonresponse rates are an issue in some low- and middle-income countries, particu-
larly in urban areas and for better-off populations. A comparison of population censuses
and socioeconomic surveys from the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam shows an un-
derrepresentation of the young adult population and one-member households in the
sample surveys. This may affect the reliability of official statistics if no corrective action
is taken.
This project investigated the causes of “anomalies” detected in the structure of the
population in survey data sets in three countries (the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam),
measured their effect on a series of key indicators, and developed tools and practical
guidelines for implementation of data adjustments by national statistics agencies.
Building local capacity was an important goal of the project. A pilot four-day training
course was organized in collaboration with the Asian Development Bank in Manila, the
Philippines. Participants in the training included statisticians from three countries (the
Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam) and from the Asian Development Bank. Among the
three countries, the project has proven most relevant for the Philippines Statistics Au-
thority (the country’s national statistics office). The Philippines Statistics Authority con-
firmed that the tools and methods recommended by the project are now integrated in
the regular production of survey estimates.
The technical report, technical guidelines, and training materials produced by the proj-
ect were made publicly available for easy replication. They have proven to be useful for
statisticians in various countries and agencies.
22
HigHligHt: Measuring and Analyzing Teacher Knowledge and Behavior
Human capital is critical for individuals to access higher productivity activities and earn higher incomes
in those activities. Increasingly, evidence points to the importance of the quality of education—not
just the quantity—in determining opportunities. This research aims to (i) enhance global knowledge
on the relationship between teacher behaviors and student performance, and (ii) provide empiri-
cally-based guidance on how to collect information on teacher performance along dimensions that
matter for determining student performance.
The research is structured in two parts. The first part exploits existing data to analyze the relationship
between “what teachers know,” “what teachers do,” and learning outcomes, with the goal of better
understanding how teachers’ abilities and behaviors contribute to students’ success. The second part
of the research attempts to refine or revise the current survey approaches to observing classroom
behaviors and capturing “what teachers do.” The goal is to improve the measurement of teachers’
performance in the classroom.
Data analysis on seven Sub-Saharan African countries (Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanza-
nia, Togo, and Uganda) finds that students receive two hours and fifty minutes of teaching per day, or
just over half the scheduled time. In addition, a large share of teachers does not master the curricula
of the students they are teaching; basic pedagogical knowledge is low; and the use of good teaching
practices is rare. The analysis finds significant and large positive effects of teacher content and peda-
gogical knowledge on student achievement. These findings point to the huge shortcomings in teacher
quality and an urgent need for improvements in education service delivery in Sub-Saharan Africa.
This research project has had an impact on two World Bank operations, The Third Punjab Education
Sector Project, and Improving the Quality of Initial and Primary Education in Uruguay. In both projects,
the government has requested to use the draft of the new classroom observation tool developed in
this project to enhance their supervision (Punjab) and assess the impact of their professional develop-
ment program (Uruguay).
The findings of this project sparked additional interest in the World Bank’s Education Global Practice
for improving the measurement tools used in operations. Two new initiatives were born: (i) SABER
Service Delivery, which aims to develop a suite of tools to measure service delivery in schools, and (ii)
Teach, an initiative to develop a new open-source classroom observation tool that would be used to
monitor and support teachers’ professional development.
C. International Cooperation and Global Public Goods
The International Cooperation and Global Public Goods theme addresses the political economy, pol-
icy design, and evaluation challenges that arise in international cooperation: regional and multilater-
al trade, climate change and environmental security, international coordination of macroeconomic
23
and financial policies, communicable diseases, deforestation, biodiversity, knowledge and intellectual
property rights, health, and education.
In FY2017, four projects were completed, and three projects were ongoing under this theme. The
completed projects were on trade (Mega-Regional Trade Agreements: Implications for Developing
Countries, and Trade Policy, Poverty and Shared Prosperity), climate change (China Climate Policy
Modeling), and migration (Migration and Labor Market Implications in the South). These projects
addressed policy-oriented questions in a timely manner. The findings are expected to provide more
useful policy implications to governments in developing countries.
HigHligHt: China Climate Policy Modeling
China recently announced the goal of attaining peak carbon emissions by 2030, along with increasing
the share of non-fossil fuels to 20 percent of total energy consumption. Under the Paris Agreement,
China set a goal of reducing its emission intensity (that is, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per unit of
gross domestic product (GDP)) by 60 to 65 percent below 2005 levels, and increasing its forest carbon
stock volume by around 4.5 billion cubic meters from 2005 levels. To achieve the climate change mit-
igation targets, the government announced the launch of a national emission trading scheme starting
in 2017.
This project aims to analyze the economy wide impacts of carbon pricing, focusing on two specific
issues. First, how would a regulatory policy to promote renewable energy interact with a national
emission trading scheme? Second, what would be an optimal mix of carbon pricing policies—more
specifically, the mix between a national emission trading scheme and a carbon tax? The findings of
the study are expected to be helpful, as they are being produced at a time when China is planning to
launch a national emission trading scheme and the government is seeking knowledge support from
the World Bank Group in designing its emission trading system.
The analysis shows the following: (i) If a national emission trading scheme is introduced to achieve
a hypothetical 10 percent reduction of CO2 emissions from the baseline in China, it would cause a
small percentage (less than 0.1 percent) loss in GDP and welfare. If a separate renewable electricity
mandate is introduced on top of the national emission trading scheme, it would cause greater GDP
and welfare losses. (ii) If a carbon tax policy is introduced in the sectors not covered by the national
emission trading scheme (for example, the transportation sector), the overall cost of meeting the
emission reduction target (10 percent below the baseline) would be lower than in the case of a nation-
al emission trading scheme alone. However, if a carbon tax policy is implemented instead of a national
emission trading scheme, the cost of greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation would be higher.
The key message from the study is that China should implement market-based instruments, such as
the national emission trading scheme in sectors where the scheme can be effectively implemented
together with a carbon tax policy in sectors where emission trading cannot be implemented (for
24
example, households and transport). Regulatory policies, such as renewable energy standards and
fuel economy standards, would add more costs to achieving the climate change mitigation targets. As
long as the market-based instruments are successfully implemented, regulatory instruments may not
be needed to meet China’s commitments under the Paris Agreement.
Some of the project’s findings were presented in a conference organized by the Renmin University in
Beijing in August 2017, attracting interest from participants, including those in academia and environ-
mental policy makers.
D. Service Delivery and Aid Effectiveness
The Service Delivery and Aid Effectiveness theme focuses on how to deliver “development” across
multiple sectors encompassing the public and private sectors. In FY2017, six projects were ongoing
under this theme.
HigHligHt: Increasing Uptake of LARCs among Adolescent Females in Cameroon
Adolescent health and family planning has been identified as a key area of support for Cameroon. The
adolescent fertility rate in Cameroon is high: 21 percent of female adolescents age 15 to 19 gave birth
in 2014. Although young women describe many of these births as planned and intentional, women
younger than age 20 also have the greatest percentage of mistimed/unintended pregnancies com-
pared with all other age groups, with more than 30 percent of the births in this group unwanted or
wanted later. Despite the desire to delay childbearing, only 48 percent of sexually active unmarried
women use modern contraceptives. Among this group, virtually no one utilizes long-acting reversible
contraceptives (LARCs).
The project aims to understand the facilitating factors and barriers that influence family planning in-
tentions and LARC uptake among adolescent females in Cameroon. Furthermore, the project aims to
assess the feasibility of various mechanisms for the delivery of modern contraceptives to adolescent
females in the country. The goal of the project is to increase LARC uptake among adolescent females
in Cameroon, to prevent unintended pregnancies and reduce early marriage, as well as to delay or
space pregnancies.
The project uses randomized control trials to assess the relative cost-effectiveness of family planning
interventions to increase the uptake of LARCs. The team is designing interventions based on exten-
sive discussions between the team and in-country counterparts.
To date, there has been satisfactory progress. A three-day workshop with all stakeholders was held in
Cameroon in February 2017, to design interventions to increase the uptake of modern contraceptives
among adolescent females and young women in the country. As a result, three working groups were
formed to lead the design of (i) supply-side interventions (in particular, training and certification of
25
health care providers and accreditation of health facilities), (ii) demand-side interventions (in particular,
school-based interventions and subsidies to facilities to reduce the price of contraceptives), and (iii)
development of a mobile decision-support tool (that is, a phone-based app) for health care providers
to use to counsel clients on contraception. Each of these working groups is currently designing the
main interventions.
The project is being conducted in collaboration with the Ministry of Public Health; the United Nations
Population Fund; and partners from bilateral agencies, local universities, and nongovernmental or-
ganizations. Training sessions on the latest innovations in modern contraceptives will be provided to
health care providers in Cameroon during the project.
E. World Bank Flagship Reports
KCP supports the production of the World Bank Group’s major Flagship reports, such as the World
Development Report (WDR), Global Economic Prospects, the Poverty and Shared Prosperity Report,
and Doing Business. In FY2017, two projects were completed supporting the World Development
Report 2017: Governance and the Law, and six projects were ongoing under this theme.
HigHligHt: WDR 2015 Operationalization
KCP plays an important role in supporting the emergence of the World Bank’s Mind, Behavior and
Development (eMBeD) Unit which operationalizes the 2015 World Development Report: Mind, Soci-
ety, and Behavior.
eMBeD aims to improve the effectiveness of World Bank projects and programs through the integra-
tion of recent insights from the social and behavioral sciences. The initiative was launched on October
22, 2015. eMBeD, the World Bank’s behavioral sciences team, works closely with project teams, gov-
ernments, and other partners to diagnose, design, and evaluate behaviorally informed interventions.
By collaborating with a worldwide network of scientists and practitioners, the eMBeD team provides
answers to important economic and social questions, and contributes to the global effort to eliminate
poverty and increase equity.
Since its inception, eMBeD has worked in more than 50 countries on behaviorally informed projects
aimed at improving outcomes in education, finance, health, and more. The team works in policy areas,
like social cohesion for refugees and climate change, and at the micro level. From using goal-setting
to improve employment rates for young people and women in Turkey, to creating information inter-
ventions to increase breastfeeding rates in Indonesia and increase take-up of long-acting reversible
contraceptives in Cameroon, each of eMBeD’s projects aims to make tangible improvements in the
lives of often vulnerable individuals through behaviorally informed policy.
26
F. Growth and Job Creation
The Growth and Job Creation theme focuses on understanding the dynamics of economic growth and
job creation. In FY2017, three projects were completed in this theme and there were four ongoing
projects. The completed projects studied the creative destruction of micro and small enterprises (Mi-
cro and Small Firm Death in Developing Countries) and the investment climate (Doing Business) (Job
Quality Framework, Getting Water and Sewerage Connections in 31 Mexican States and Mexico City).
HigHligHt: Job Quality Framework
This project provides quantitative measures of the quality of employment, structured in a new Job
Quality Framework as part of the Doing Business report. This flagship publication of the World Bank
Group has been presenting data on labor market regulation for the past decade. For the first time, the
report goes beyond the concept of efficiency and labor market flexibility and focuses on measuring
the quality of employment. Through years of extensive consultations with experts and practitioners
in the field, it became evident that a comprehensive data set should also provide information on job
quality, given that both aspects of labor laws are important for private sector development, produc-
tivity, and social cohesion.
The new data provide information on the key aspects of job quality stipulated by labor laws in 190
economies. The data include the following job quality frameworks: hiring, working, social protection,
and workplace relations.
The team produced a case study on the quality of jobs using new data from 190 economies in 2016.
Some highlights include:
Regulation is essential for the efficient functioning of labor markets and worker protection. Labor mar-
ket rules can potentially have an impact on economic outcomes. Doing Business data show that rigid
employment regulation is associated with higher levels of informality. By contrast, weak labor market
rules can result in discrimination and poor treatment of workers.
The challenge for governments in developing labor policies is to strike the right balance between
worker protection and flexibility.
Regulation of labor markets differs significantly by income group. Low-income and lower-middle-
income economies tend to have stricter employment protection regulation than more developed
economies.
One reason for more rigid employment protection legislation in low-income and lower-middle-income
economies is the lack of unemployment insurance. None of the low-income economies and only 23
percent of lower-middle-income economies have unemployment protection stipulated in the law.
27
The full case study entitled “Labor Market Regulation: What Can We Learn from Doing Business
Data?” is published in the annex of the Doing Business Report 2017. In addition to the study, many
research papers and news articles use job quality data from Doing Business. Moreover, the job quality
data have been utilized by policy makers. Since the introduction of the job quality data, the Doing
Business team has had substantial engagements with representatives from Kuwait, the United Arab
Emirates, Kazakhstan, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Jordan, and Guatemala.
G. Poverty and Shared Prosperity
This theme addresses issues at the heart of the twin goals of the World Bank Group with an empha-
sis on the importance of economic growth and inclusion, including strong concerns for equity. The
theme encompasses a broad range of policies across the spectrum of development, such as public
service delivery for human development as well as policy issues in agriculture, governance, social
development, finance and markets, migration and remittances, trade and competitiveness, regulatory
issues that affect small and medium-size enterprises, and macroeconomic and fiscal management that
creates jobs and fuels development and sustainable growth.
In FY2017, there were three completed projects and four ongoing projects under this theme. The
completed projects were Equity of Opportunity in Global Prosperity, The Effect of Improved Biomass
Cookstoves on Indoor Air Quality and Respiratory Health in Rural Ethiopia, and Living Life.
HigHligHt: Living Life
This project aims to understand how the experiences of citizens across the globe vary in the ease of
interacting with their government’s bureaucracy. These differences play an important role in under-
standing the causes of poverty and inequality worldwide.
Some governments are better organized than others; some impose cumbersome and overly bureau-
cratic procedures on access to services; others aim to streamline and simplify the burden on citizens
to meet their responsibilities and access the goods and services to which they are entitled. However,
there are currently no data available to assess the extent of this regulatory burden, or to generate
stimulus for reform. Living Life aims to fill this knowledge gap by providing comparable data on bu-
reaucratic procedures across countries.
Living Life focuses on nine main topics, which can be grouped as follows: (i) civil registration and du-
ties, such as registering a birth, registering a death, getting an identification card, voting, and paying
taxes; and (ii) access to basic services, including health care, education, electricity, and water and sani-
tation. Each topic offers insights on specific aspects of several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The project aims to collect data for three pilot economies: Ghana, Chile, and Vietnam.
28
The project is in its data collection phase, which will be followed by data validation and analysis and pi-
lot report preparation. The first pilot cycle is expected to be completed by June 2018. Living Life will
provide an internationally comparable evidence base, to empower citizens to hold their governments
to account. The data collected will also benefit policy makers, researchers, and civil society organiza-
tions working to eliminate unnecessary and inefficient bureaucratic hurdles, and allow for interesting
cross-country analysis. The study will serve as an essential benchmarking tool in the governance area
and enable the debate on procedural and bureaucratic reforms.
FIGURE 7. Indicators in FY2017
134RESEARCHERS*
95CITATIONS
in World Bank Projects
18JOURNAL ARTICLES
CITATIONSin Government
Programs4
163EVENTS
KCP II
30KCP III
133
KCP II
65KCP III
51
67POLICY
NOTES & REPORTS
KCP II
24KCP III
43
40WORKING PAPERS
KCP II
23KCP III
17
38DATA SETS
KCP II
12KCP III
26
116PRESENTATIONS
26RESEARCH
TOOLS
KCP II
6KCP III
20
KCP II
9KCP III
9
46INSTITUTIONS*
Note * Developing country partners substantively engaged.
KCP III’s Second Call for Proposals
KCP III launched a Second Call for Proposals in September 2016. Nineteen projects were selected and
approved, with total allocations of US$3.1 million.
After the first round of review by DEC Directors, 61 Concept Notes were cleared to develop full pro-
posals. The research teams prepared and submitted 61 full proposals, requesting US$13.85 million in
funding. These full proposals were then reviewed and rated by external topic experts. On February
21, 2017, KCP’s IMC met and discussed these proposals based on the reviews and ratings from the
29
external review. IMC was chaired by the head of DEC, and composed of DEC directors and represen-
tatives of Regional and Global Practice Chief Economists.
Among the selected projects, 10 proposals received the full requested amount of funding; nine re-
ceived a reduced amount of funding. The sizes of the grants range from US$57,000 to US$400,000,
averaging US$164,632 per grant. Of the 19 grants, six projects with strong capacity-building compo-
nents and high ratings from the external reviewers were funded from the capacity-building budget
(not less than 15 percent of the total available budget). Table 2 presents a list of the approved projects.
TABLE 2. New KCP III Projects Approved in FY2017 (US$)
Task team leader Project name
Approved amount (US$)
FragIlIty and rIsk management
1 Holmlund, Marcus Social Network Mapping and Analysis for Youth Living in High-Violence Urban Neighborhoods in Honduras
130,000
InnoVatIon In data ProductIon methods, analysIs and dIssemInatIon
2 Dang, Hai Anh Measuring Countries’ Statistical Capacity 120,000
3 Dupriez, Olivier Machine Learning Algorithms for Poverty Prediction: An Empirical Comparative Assessment
180,000
4 Kilic, Talip Intra-Household Allocation of and Gender Differences in Consumption Poverty
130,000
5 Rogger, Daniel Measuring Process Productivity in Bureaucracies 80,000
6 Selod, Harris Using Big Data to Measure Urban Congestion 66,000
InternatIonal cooPeratIon and global PublIc goods
7 Kaushik, Siddhesh Vishwanath/ Ferrantino, Michael
Non-Tariff Measures (NTM) Indicators 100,000
8 Cull, Robert After the Global Financial Crisis: Bank Regulation and Supervision
165,000
serVIce delIVery and eFFectIVeness
9 Das, Jishnu From Access to Quality: Ramping Up Measurement and Improvement of Health Care Quality
250,000
10 Rijkers, Bob Performance Pay in Customs: Evidence from Madagascar 75,000
11 Ozier, Owen A New Model for Primary Schooling in Developing Countries 250,000
12 Ozler, Berk Increasing Uptake of Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs) among Adolescent Females in Cameroon
200,000
World bank FlagshIP rePorts
13 Filmer, Deon/ Rogers, Halsey
WDR 2018: Realizing the Promise of Education for Development
400,000
30
groWth and Job creatIon
14 Francis, David / Rodriguez Meza, Jorge Luis
Making Enforceable Agreements: Data and Indicator Pilot 150,000
15 Schmukler, Sergio The Effects of Interest Rate Ceilings on Credit Markets: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Chile
150,000
PoVerty and shared ProsPerIty
16 Jacoby, Hanan / Do, Quy-Toan
Electricity Demand in Vietnam 180,000
17 Ratha, Dilip Migration and the Law 300,000
18 Toman, Michael Effect of Improved Biomass Cookstoves on Indoor Air Quality and Respiratory Health in Rural Ethiopia Part 3
57,000
19 Perotti, Valeria Living Life 145,000
31
VI. kcP FInances
Donor Contributions and Pledges
KCP III, which became active in December 2014, has received US$11.66 million in cash contributions
from seven donors, namely, Norway, Estonia, Canada, the United Kingdom, Finland, France, and Swe-
den. There are outstanding pledges of US$3.42 million from Finland.
Norway was the first donor to contribute to KCP III with NKr 30 million. In FY2016, Norway made an
additional contribution of US$800,000 towards WDR 2017: Governance and the Law. In FY2017, Nor-
way contributed NKr 4 million towards WDR 2018: Learning to Realize Education’s Promise.
Estonia contributed €436,000 for WDR 2016: Internet and Development.
The United Kingdom, a founding member of KCP, contributed £0.9 million, in three tranches.
Canada contributed Can$400,000, with Can$200,000 for WDR 2016: Internet and Development, and
Can$200,000 for WDR 2017: Governance and the Law.
Finland, the other KCP founding donor, initially contributed €2,250,000. In FY2017, Finland contribut-
ed €750,000 toward WDR 2018: Learning to Realize Education’s Promise; and pledged an additional
€3,000,000 payable over three years.
France contributed €100,000 for WDR 2017: Governance and the Law; and an additional €100,000 for
WDR 2018: Learning to Realize Education’s Promise.
Sweden contributed US$1 million for WDR 2017: Governance and the Law.
32
TABLE 3. KCP III Parent Fund Accounts StatementAs of June 30, 2017, (US$), Unaudited
TF072304TF072635
(parallel account)
Contributions received
Norway 4,535,529.17 473,440.02
Estonia 480,839.00
United Kingdom 1,340,016.00
Canada 303,557.77
Finland 2,482,030.71 834,506.25
France 107,235.00 104,520.00
Sweden 999,970.00
Total contributions received 9,249,207.65 2,412,436.27
Administrative fee (5%) (462,460.38)
Net contributions received 8,786,747.27 2,412,436.27
Outstanding pledges (signed)
Finland 3,420,750.00
Total outstanding pledges (signed)
0.00 3,420,750.00
Administrative fee (5%) 0.00
Net outstanding pledges 0.00 3,420,750.00
Investment income 80,073.74 9,954.29
Less:
Set-up fee (35,000.00)
Project allocations (7,984,741.46) (2,290,406.78)
Technical reviewers’ fees (101,821.45)
Program management and administration
(13,170.66)
ESTIMATED FUNDS AVAILABLE 732,087.44 3,552,733.78
33
annex a: kcp reSearch projectS in profiLe
1. World Development Report 2018: Learning to Realize Education’s Promise
Task Team Leaders: Deon Filmer, Halsey Rogers
KCP III Funding: US$1,740,436
Timeline: 2/21/2017 to 12/31/2018
Introduction
Education is a foundational building block for achieving nearly every other development goal.
High-quality, widespread education is one of the most powerful tools for achieving the World Bank’s
twin strategic goals of ending poverty and promoting shared prosperity. Education was also a key
to the Millennium Development Goals, and it remains central to the SDGs: schooling, skills, and the
knowledge that result from them improve employment and productivity, health outcomes, quality of
governance, and many other outcomes.
Yet, surprisingly, in the 40 years of the World Bank’s flagship World Development Report series, there
has never been a WDR devoted entirely to education. WDR 2018: Learning to Realize Education’s
Promise changes that. The timing is no coincidence: making education the theme of the first report
after the agreement on the SDGs sends a strong signal about the centrality of education to devel-
opment. But, as the report argues, education is not yet fulfilling its great potential. Despite great
global gains in access to education, recent learning assessments reveal that many children around the
world are leaving school unequipped with even foundational literacy and numeracy skills, let alone
higher-order 21st century skills. And it is not just low-income countries: internationally comparable
assessments show that skills in many middle-income countries lag far behind what those countries’
aspirations. Worse, the problems are most severe for disadvantaged populations. The report shows
that these shortfalls constitute a learning crisis. To tackle this crisis, the report argues that countries
must assess learning to make it a serious goal, act on evidence to make schools work for all learners,
and align everyone with a stake in education to overcome technical and political barriers and make
the whole system work for learning.
Consultations
The report benefitted from a broad set of consultations (in addition to extensive internal World Bank
reviews). These consultations have been an opportunity to provide feedback on various versions of
the report, but also an opportunity to disseminate the report’s key messages. Through this process,
the report is already having an impact—namely, by sensitizing key stakeholders to the importance of
focusing on learning, and how action can improve it. External consultations included the following:
34
Guidance from an advisory panel composed of Gordon Brown (who, together with the Chief Econo-
mist, co-chaired the panel), Michelle Bachelet, Rukmini Banerji, Julia Gillard, Eric Hanushek, Olli-Pekka
Heinonen, Ju-Ho Lee, and Serigne Mbaye Thiam.
Consultation events attended by government officials, researchers, and civil society organizations
held in Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, China, Côte d’Ivoire, Finland, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan,
Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Thailand, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and
the United States, with participants from many more countries. (Further information on these events
is available at http://www.worldbank.org/wdr2018.)
Interagency consultations held with the Association for the Development of Education in Africa; Glob-
al Development Network; Global Partnership for Education; International Commission on Financing
Global Education Opportunity; International Monetary Fund; Organisation for Economic Co-opera-
tion and Development; United Nations Children’s Fund; and United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization.
Consultations with bilateral development partners included representatives of the governments of
Canada, Finland, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Norway, and Sweden, and the French Development
Agency, German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation (BMZ), German Corporation for Inter-
national Cooperation (GIZ GmbH), Australia’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, U.K. Depart-
ment for International Development, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), U.S. Agency for
International Development (USAID), and the advisory board of the Knowledge for Change Program.
The consultation events included several civil society organizations (CSOs), which included, among
others, Action Aid, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Education International, Global Campaign for
Education, LEGO Foundation, MasterCard Foundation, ONE Campaign, Oxfam, Save the Children,
Teach for All, and World Vision. In addition, a diverse group of CSOs participated in a CSO forum ses-
sion held during the 2017 World Bank/International Monetary Fund Spring Meetings and an e-forum
held in March 2017.
Researchers and academics provided helpful feedback at WDR-oriented sessions at the 2016 Re-
search to Improve Systems of Education Conference at Oxford University, 2017 meetings of the Allied
Social Sciences Associations, 2017 meetings of the Society for Research on Education Effectiveness,
2017 Mexico Conference on Political Economy of Education, and 2017 meeting of the Systems Ap-
proach for Better Education Results Advisory Panel. In addition, events dedicated to the WDR were
organized by the Brookings Center for Universal Education in Washington, DC; Global Affairs Canada
and Aga Khan Foundation in Ottawa; Columbia School for International and Public Affairs and Cornell
University in New York; Development Policy Forum of GIZ GmbH, on behalf of BMZ, in Berlin; JICA in
Tokyo; USAID in Washington, DC; and Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny in Abidjan.
35
Funding Leveraged
Funding for the report was provided by the World Bank’s core budget, along with several additional
sources. These additional sources included the KCP, and especially the governments and develop-
ment agencies of the following KCP donor countries: Finland, France, and Norway. Background and
related research, along with dissemination, are being supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Founda-
tion, Early Learning Partnership Trust Fund, LEGO Foundation, and Nordic Trust Fund.
Report Contents
Schooling is not the same as learning. In Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, when grade 3 students were
asked recently to read a sentence, such as “The name of the dog is Puppy.” in English or Kiswahili,
three-quarters did not understand what it said. In rural India, nearly three-quarters of students in
grade 3 could not solve a two-digit subtraction, such as “46–17,” and by grade 5, half still could not
do so. Although the skills of Brazilian 15-year-olds have improved, at their current rate of improve-
ment, they will not reach the rich-country average score in math for 75 years. In reading, it will take
263 years. Without learning, children—and their societies—are accumulating too little human capital.
Schooling without learning is not just a wasted opportunity, but a great injustice: the children whom
society is failing most are the ones who most need a good education to succeed in life. Without
learning, education fails to deliver fully on its promise as a driver of poverty elimination and shared
prosperity. Within countries, learning outcomes are almost always much worse for the disadvantaged.
In Uruguay, poor children in grade 6 are assessed as “not competent” in math at five times the rate of
wealthy children. Moreover, such data are for children and youth lucky enough to be in school. Some
260 million are not even enrolled in primary or secondary school, with members of disadvantaged
groups—poor children, girls, children with disabilities, and ethnic minorities—most likely to be out of
school.
Schooling that doesn’t result in learning is not just a missed opportunity—it is a great injustice. The
children whom society is failing most are the ones in greatest need of a good education to succeed
in life. Within countries, learning outcomes are almost always much worse for the disadvantaged. In
Uruguay, poor children in grade 6 are assessed as “not competent” in math at 5 times the rate of
wealthy children. Together with the fact that all these data are for children and youth lucky enough to
be in school, these severe shortfalls constitute a learning crisis.
But there’s nothing inevitable about low levels of learning—real progress is possible, at any level of
development, when countries prioritize learning and mobilize everyone with a stake in education to
work toward it. The case of Korea is striking, but there are others. Vietnam surprised the world when
the 2012 results from PISA showed that its 15-year-olds performed at the same level as those in
Germany—even though Vietnam was a lower-middle-income country. Between 2009 and 2015, Peru
achieved some of the fastest growth in overall learning outcomes due to concerted policy action. And
36
recently in Liberia, Papua New Guinea, and Tonga, early grade reading improved substantially within
a very short time, thanks to focused evidence-based efforts.
The WDR identifies three main dimensions of the learning crisis. First, the poor learning outcomes
themselves: low levels of learning, high inequalities (across income, gender, and other characteristics),
and slow improvements in learning. Second, the immediate causes of the crisis, seen in the various
ways that the teaching-learning relationship breaks down—such as when students are hobbled by
a lack of early nutrition, teachers are unprepared or unmotivated, materials and technology don’t
improve learning, and school management is poor. Third, the deeper system-level barriers, both
technical and political, that pull the various actors away from a focus on learning.
The WDR provides detailed diagnoses of each dimension based on new data and research.
To confront the learning crisis, the WDR argues that a nation must take action on three fronts.
• First, assess learning, to make it a serious goal. Countries need to put in place a range of
well-designed student assessments to help teachers guide students, improve system man-
agement, and focus society’s attention on learning. These measures can spotlight hidden
exclusions, inform policy choices, and track progress.
• Second, act on evidence to make schools work for all learners. Countries should start
by targeting areas with the largest gaps between what happens in practice and what evi-
dence suggests works for learning. The best place to start is these three key areas: prepared
learners; skilled and motivated teachers; inputs and management focused on teaching and
learning.
• Third, align actors, to make the whole system work for learning. Even evidence-based
classroom innovation may have little impact if system-level technical and political factors
prevent a focus on learning. Countries can escape low-learning traps by deploying infor-
mation and metrics to make learning politically salient; building coalitions to shift political
incentives toward learning for all; and using innovative and adaptive approaches to find out
which approaches work best in context.
The payoff is education that delivers: for individuals, it promotes employment, earnings, health, and
poverty reduction; and for societies, it drives long-term economic growth, spurs innovation, strength-
ens institutions, and fosters social cohesion. But these benefits depend largely on learning. Mounting
evidence shows that the skills acquired are what equips individuals for work and life, and that it is
through learning and skills that education boosts growth. Countries have already made a start by get-
ting so many young people into school; now it is time to realize education’s promise by accelerating
learning for all.
37
Launch and Dissemination
The extensive global consultation process provided an early forum for WDR 2018 to have an impact.
In addition, a series of blogs hosted by various World Bank blog sites (Let’s Talk Development; Devel-
opment Impact; Peoples, Spaces, Deliberations; and the Education Global Practice blog), along with
a set of public online polls on pertinent questions, communicated key findings and piqued interest in
the report.
The report was launched on September 27, 2017 with two events that followed at the Brookings Insti-
tution and at the World Bank/International Monetary Fund Annual Meetings. The Report was also dis-
cussed by the World Bank Group’s Governors at the Development Committee meetings. Since then
the 2018 WDR has had launch events in Finland, Norway, France, Ghana, the Netherlands, Estonia,
Argentina, Jordan, Lebanon, Sweden and Paraguay with many more countries to follow.
2. Producing, Analyzing and Visualizing Global Income Distributions
Task Team Leader: Tariq Khokhar
KCP III Funding: US$60,000
Timeline: 8/1/2015 – 6/30/2017
Project Objective and Description
The World Bank’s twin goals center around income distributions. Having sound approaches for study-
ing and presenting these distributions is fundamental to the World Bank’s future strategic, analytical,
and communication work. The distribution of wealth and income is also an issue of recent public, as
well as long-term academic, interest. Although much discussion of distribution is anecdotal, objective
data on income distribution are available from sources such as censuses, income surveys, and taxation
records.
The World Bank hosts a substantial public database of income distribution information in the form
of PovcalNet. The system is primarily designed as an online interface to replicate the World Bank’s
calculations on the incidence of extreme poverty globally. As a byproduct, it provides information on
the income (or consumption) distributions of many of the world’s economies at multiple points in time.
However, in general this information is not easily accessible.
The objective of this project was to make access to these data easier, expose the distributional out-
puts of PovcalNet source data, and allow visual manipulation of income distributions.
The project proceeded in several steps. First, data were extracted in bulk from PovcalNet. Methods
38
for fitting distributions to these data, and for interpolation and extrapolation, were evaluated and
selected. From there, a compact “canonical” representation of the fitted data, suitable for use in web-
based data visualization, was designed and implemented. A prototype interactive income distribution
data visualization tool was created to show and compare distributions using a variety of chart types.
Main Findings to Date
The key challenges encountered during the project were related to modeling, rather than visualization
itself, although discoveries were made in both areas.
PovcalNet data are suitable for distribution visualization.
Distribution data from PovcalNet are presented in the form of a Lorenz curve, a summarized form of
the full distribution. Although methods exist for deriving a complete distribution from such data (un-
der particular assumptions), we found it necessary to improve upon these methods.
Simple parametric forms, commonly used in web-based distribution visualizations, were considered
less appealing than nonparametric forms, which allow detailed features of income distributions to be
seen (for example, unusual skew or multi-modality).
The most common nonparametric methods (for instance, kernel density estimation) assume access to
an underlying set of raw data. We avoided such methods, as the raw survey data underlying PovcalNet
are not public, and we wanted to make the entire method public and replicable. Moreover, a compo-
nent (although increasingly a minority) of the surveys in PovcalNet exists only in the Lorenz form, with
original raw data not available, and we wanted a method that was applicable in every case.
Our conclusion is that the granularity of data provided by PovcalNet is suitable for representation
and visualization of income distributions, given an appropriate choice of modeling method (Figure
A.1). An important outstanding feature is to validate formally that reconstructed distributions are rea-
sonably accurate (for example, accurately reproduce summary statistics as calculated from raw data).
FIGURE A.1 Visualization of Income Distributions
39
Note: The smoothed nonparametric fit (blue solid curve) often diverges in interesting ways form a simple lognormal
fit (red dashed curve).
Interactive manipulation of distributions is feasible, given appropriate representation.
To allow a web-based visualization tool to create different graphics dynamically and respond to a
user’s choice of input, the representation of an income distribution needs to be compact and simple
and efficient to manipulate. To achieve these goals, the project developed a representation of each
distribution using adaptive linear splines.
This representation allows different forms of the distribution (PDF, CDF, Lorenz curve, and histogram)
to be derived efficiently, as well as simple interpolation or combination of (population-weighted) dis-
tributions, so that, for example, the combined distribution for a group of related countries (a region,
the world, or an arbitrary group) can be manipulated.
This flexible data format can be used as the basis for a range of future data visualization projects be-
yond the prototype already developed.
Different visualizations draw attention to different features of an income distribution.
Previous approaches to visualizing income distributions generally have not targeted a lay audience.
Those that have done so adopt a simplistic modeling approach that loses interesting variation in the
shapes of different distributions, or does not offer much interactivity or user control.
The approach presented in this work strikes a middle ground between largely “stylistic” presentations
of income distribution data and traditional analytical methods. The approach retains a level of fidelity
in showing interesting variations in distributions that are captured in the data, while remaining useful
for web visualization purposes.
The prototype visualization tool includes graphical representations of income distributions for coun-
tries going back in some cases more than 40 years. Users can select countries for which PovcalNet
has data; the visualizations presented include density plots, histograms, Lorenz curves, deciles, and
more (Figure A.2).
Early user testing makes it clear that the different visualizations emphasize different aspects of the
distributions. The prototype developed could easily be adapted to test the effects of showing differ-
ent representations of income distributions to a group of users, to confirm these anecdotal findings
experimentally.
40
FIGURE A.2 Prototype Histogram Display for a Selection of Countries in the Communauté Financière Africaine Currency Union
Dissemination
Technical Report: Visualizing Global Income Distributions: https://github.com/econandrew/visual-in-
come-distributions-notebooks/blob/master/Report/pdf2/Report.pdf.
A prototype visualization tool is viewable by request and will be made publicly available later in 2017
once the interface has been further tested and refined.
Source data, source code, and digital notebooks with executable code, visualizations, and explana-
tions: https://github.com/econandrew/visual-income-distributions-notebooks.
41
annex B: kcp projectS portfoLio
FIGURE B.1 KCP III Allocations by Window From Inception to June 30, 2017 (US$ Thousands)
Fragility and Risk Management$330 à 3%
Innovation in Data Production Methods, Analysis and Dissemination
$1,601 à 16%
International Cooperation and Global Public Goods
$825 à 8%
Service Delivery and Effectiveness
$1,000 à 10% World Bank Flagship Reports$4,712 à 46%
Growth and Job Creation$775 à 7%
Poverty and Shared Prosperity$1,032 à 10%
FIGURE B.1: KCP III Allocations by Window From Inception to June 30, 2017 (US$ Thousands)
FIGURE B.2 KCP III Allocations and Distriribution, by Region From Inception to June 30, 2017 (US$ Thousands)
Global $8,028 à 78%
Latin Americal and Caibbean$380 à 4%
Asia $480 à 5%
Africa $1,032 à 13%
FIGURE B.2 : KCP III Allocations and Distriribution, by Region US$ Thousands
42
FIGURE B.3 KCP III Allocations and Distriribution From Inception to June 30, 2017 (US$ Thousands)FIGURE B.3: KCP III Allocations and Distriribution From Inception to June 30, 2017 (US$ Thousands)
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
Disbursements Allocations
Poverty and
Shared Prosperity
Growth and
Job Creation
World Bank Flagship Reports
Service Delivery
and Effectiveness
International Cooperation
and Global Public
Goods
Innovation in Data
Production Methods, Analysis
and Dissemination
Fragility and Risk
Management
200
1,601
778560 528
225 138
4,712
3,908
775
443
1,032
682
FIGURE B.4 KCP III Disbursements, by Window From Inception to June 30, 2017 (US$ Thousands)
Innovation in Data Production Methods, Analysis and Dissemination
$778 à 12%
International Cooperation and Global Public Goods
$528 à 8%
Service Delivery and Effectiveness
$138 à 2%
World Bank Flagship Reports$3,908 à 60%
Growth and Job Creation$433 à 7%
Poverty and Shared Prosperity$682 à 11%
FIGURE B.4 : KCP III Disbursements, by Window From Inception to June 30, 2017 (US$ Thousands)
43
TABLE B.1 KCP II Allocations and Disbursements as of June 30, 2017 (US$)
TTL Project name Allocations
PoVerty dynamIcs and PublIc serVIce delIVery
1 Legovini, Arianna Impact Evaluation of Youth-Friendly Services on Voluntary Counseling and Testing among the Youth aged 15–24 years in Kenya
99,658.91
2 Das, Jishnu Learning and Educational Achievements in Pakistan (LEAPS): Continuation
173,219.65
3 Goldstein, Markus, The Effects of Home Based HIV Counseling & Testing: IE of a Program in Kenya
83,010.37
4 de Walque, Damien, HIV/AIDS Treatment and Prevention 99,999.40
5 Beegle, Kathleen Kagera Health and Development Survey 2010: Long-Run Patterns of Growth and Poverty in Africa
162,386.05
6 Lanjouw, Peter Economic Growth and Crisis in Africa: Improving Methods for Measuring Poverty
119,956.36
7 Goldstein, Markus The Impact of Providing Land Titles in Ghana 69,991.00
8 Goldstein, Markus Impact of Urban Land Titling: Evidence from the Land Lottery in Burkina Faso
0.00
9 Chen, Shaohua Poverty Mapping in China 24,077.69
10 Milante, Gary WDR 2011: Conflict and Development 1,276,491.78
11 Revenga, Ana /Shetty, Sudhir
World Development Report 2012: Gender Equity and Development
817,388.29
12 Giles, John Policy, Governance and the Private Sector in the Provision of Public Services: Evidence from Indonesia’s Health Sector
224,507.01
13 Chen, Shaohua Correcting the Sampling Bias of the China Urban Household Survey
54,967.71
14 Ozler, Berk TASAF R3 Survey Support 130,000.00
15 Beegle, Kathleen LSMS: Improving the Quality and Comparability of Income Data through Research and Dissemination
147,976.54
16 Carletto, Gero Measuring Development Indicators for Pastoralist Populations 94,999.09
17 Galasso, Emanuela Learning from Interventions to Improve Parenting Skills in Chile 79,999.82
18 Kondylis, Florence Measuring Inequality and Inequality of Opportunity Using DIME Microdata
27,848.09
19 Kanz, Martin Implications for Poverty of Productivity Growth in Agriculture & Non-Agriculture
99,127.93
20 Galasso, Emanuela A 10-Year Follow-up of a Community-Level Nutrition Program in Madagascar
82,086.18
21 Kondylis, Florence Implementing a Multi-Disciplinary Tool for Social Capital Measurement
99,747.69
44
TTL Project name Allocations
22 Das, Jishnu Quality of Care in Health Markets: Supply- and Demand-Side Perspectives
334,951.56
23 Deininger, Klaus Gendered Impacts of Low-Cost Land Titling in a Post-Conflict Environment: The Case of Rwanda
149,939.45
24 Deininger, Klaus Economic and Gender Impacts of Peri-Urban Land Titling: The Case of Dar es Salaam
99,760.79
25 Kondylis, Florence Governing Water for Agriculture: What Institutions for Which Contexts?
149,935.47
26 Chen, Shaohua How to Improve the World Bank’s Global Poverty Monitoring 149,900.96
27 Lanjouw, Peter Changeable Inequalities: Facts, Perceptions and Policies 223,872.79
28 Giles, John Early Childhood Nutrition, Availability of Health Service Providers and Life Outcomes as Young Adults: Evidence from Indonesia
159,488.74
29 Van de Walle, Dominique
Welfare Impacts of Marital Status Shocks in Senegal and the Implications for Social Protection Policy
90,000.00
30 Piza, Caio Can a Formal Address Do the Job? Favela Pacification in Rio de Janeiro
99,889.88
31 Beegle, Kathleen /Galasso, Emanuela
The Role of Public Works Programs in Enhancing Food Security: The Malawi Social Action Fund
210,898.00
32 Gauri, Varun WDR 2015 “The Behavioral and Social Foundations of Economic Development”
679,567.96
33 Rao, Vijayendra Using Behavioral Economics to Measure and Improve CDD Operations
50,414.14
34 di Maro, Vincenzo Behavioral Economics for Better Public Service Management 124,123.39
35 Khemani, Stuti Uganda: Building Institutions for Government Accountability 199,997.13
36 de Walque, Damien An Evaluation of Long-Term Impacts of an Integrated Early Childhood Intervention for Low-Income Families in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
124,999.86
37 Lanjouw, Peter Global Poverty and Inequality Monitoring in the 21st Century 429,106.22
38 Gauri, Varun WDR 2015: Building an Evidence Base for the World Development Report
373,183.36
39 Kraay, Aart How Do We Motivate Public Sector Workers in Developing Countries?
149,647.68
40 Beegle, Kathleen Harmonized Microdata for Enhanced Global Poverty Monitoring: The International Income Distribution Database (I2D2)
87,569.32
41 Chen, Shaohua Assessing the Impact of 2011 ICP PPPs on Global Poverty Estimates
133,721.47
42 Larson, Donald What Happens in Rural Areas When Food Prices Spike? 99,999.75
43 Carletto, Gero Improving Poverty and Shared Prosperity Measurement: An Experiment to Measure Purchases of Food away from Home
99,639.55
44 Saliola, Federica Equality of Opportunity in Global Prosperity 238,357.40
45
TTL Project name Allocations
45 Serajuddin, Umar National Account vs. Survey Based Welfare 178,095.10
46 Goldstein, Markus Gender, Insurance and Agricultural Productivity 68,571.74
47 Do, Quy-Toan Demand Curve for Clean Water and Its Determinants in a Low-Income Context
199,999.52
48 Wagstaff, Adam Improving Data on Population Health and Skills Using Tablet-Compatible Household Survey Diagnostic Instruments
90,448.02
49 Jacoby, Hanan Decentralizing Irrigation Management: Evidence from the Indus Basin of Pakistan
149,971.78
50 Das, Jishnu Quality of Care, Its Determinants and How It Can Be Improved 149,522.10
51 Carletto, Gero Census Independent Sampling Strategy Using Satellite Imagery: Validating and Improving a Proposed Methodology in Myanmar
49,560.40
52 Ozler, Berk Weekend Special: A Sports-Based Intervention to Encourage Uptake of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in Zimbabwe
–
53 Chandra, Vandana GMR 2015 –2017 “Monitoring and Reporting the Twin Goals” 295,000.00
TOTAL POVERTY DYNAMICS AND PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY 9,607,573.09
InVestment clImate and trade and IntegratIon
54 Legovini, Arianna Strengthening Agricultural Production Systems and Facilitating Access to Markets: Impact Evaluation of Nigeria’s Commercial Agriculture Development
91,519.32
55 McKenzie, David How Much Do Management Practices Matter? A Randomized Experiment in India
49,999.00
56 McKenzie, David Employment Creation in Largwe and Small Firms 44,367.72
57 Schmukler, Sergio Globalization, Risk, and Crises 69,795.00
58 Hallaward-Driemeier, Mary
Comparable Disaggregated Census Data across Developing Countries
69,828.10
59 Ozler, Berk An Experimental Study of “Poverty Traps” among Micro-Entrepreneur Groups
128,000.00
60 Giles, John Labor Markets and Impacts of the Financial Crisis: Evidence from China and India
224,999.60
61 Dupriez, Olivier Modeling and Analysis of Consumption Patterns 148,829.72
62 Demirguc-Kunt, Asli Regulation and Bank Stability 249,684.17
63 Jacoby, Hanan Transport Costs and Development: Evidence from China’s Infrastructure Boom
40,000.00
64 Peria, Maria Soledad Martinez
The Financial Crisis and Foreign Bank Participation in Developing Countries
39,930.00
65 Fernandes, Ana Margarida
Services, FDI and Endogenous Productivity Effects in the European Neighborhood Policy—A Quantitative Assessment for Georgia
89,825.68
66 Ozden, Caglar Migration of Turkey’s Top Students—Brain Drain and Brain Gain –
46
TTL Project name Allocations
67 Hevia, Constantino FDI and Macroeconomic Stability 39,910.00
68 Dailami, Mansoor Analyzing the Impact of Financial Crisis on International Bank Lending to Developing Countries
98,529.64
69 Kraay, Aart The Growth Effects of Fiscal Policy in Developing Countries 44,940.00
70 Kraay, Aart Reticent Respondents and Cross-Country Survey Data on Corruption
74,860.00
71 Peria, Maria Soledad Martinez
Bank Competition and Access to Finance 56,215.32
72 McKenzie, David Can Microfinance Foster Entrepreneurship in Poor Communities?
73,118.58
73 Maloney, William Innovation and Growth 65,576.10
74 Legovini, Arianna Reducing Informality among Firms in Minas Gerais, Brazil 79,463.93
75 Klapper, Leora Private Sector Dynamics in Côte d’Ivoire 30,489.39
76 Keefer, Philip/Kraay, Aart
Worldwide Governance Indicators 95,950.00
77 Demirguc-Kunt, Asli Will There Be a Phoenix Miracle? Firm-Level Evidence from Financial Crises
49,912.00
78 Schmukler, Sergio On the Use of Domestic and International Debt Markets 99,988.86
79 Kee, Hiau Looi On FDI Spillovers 34,974.42
80 Loayza, Norman, Fiscal Multipliers and the State of the Economy 30,000.00
81 Anginer, Deniz Bank Bailouts and Moral Hazard 47,300.00
82 Kanz, Martin Storage and Trade Policies for Improving Food Security 129,929.38
83 Bown, Chad Least Developed Countries and the Externality Impact of WTO Dispute Settlement
75,472.39
84 Kraay, Aart Macroeconomic Impacts of Aid and Public Spending 50,000.00
85 Schmukler, Sergio Understanding Capital Flows to Developing Countries 89,998.76
86 Ozden, Caglar Database of Emigration Laws and Policies in Developing Countries
39,893.46
87 Klapper, Leora Global Financial Inclusion Indicators 40,000.00
88 Shilpi, Forhad Food Prices, Middlemen, and Marketing Institutions: Evidence from Bangladesh
123,142.35
89 Kondylis, Florence How Does the Speed of Justice Affect Firms? Experimental Evidence from Senegal.
97,822.24
90 Nguyen, Ha Currency Wars 31,875.00
91 Loayza, Norman WDR 2014: Managing Risk for Development 596,305.58
92 Deininger, Klaus Land Tenure Regularization in Nigeria: Potential Benefits and Implementation Modalities
109,684.95
93 Kraay, Aart Macro and Micro Lessons from Project Data 49,584.00
47
TTL Project name Allocations
94 McKenzie, David Generating Job Matches between Firms and Young Women in Jordan
115,000.00
95 Anginer, Deniz Bank Capital and Systemic Stability: A Cross-Country Analyses 39,783.00
96 Vashakdmadze, Ekaterine
Enhanced Global Macro/Financial Model for Developing Countries
134,972.00
97 Kraay, Aart Worldwide Governance Indicators 2014–15 48,341.00
98 Schmukler, Sergio Firm Financing from Capital Markets 74,993.27
99 McKenzie, David Improving the Management and Profits of Small Businesses and Their Measurement
149,939.21
100 Gine, Xavier Behaviorally Informed Mystery Shopping Tools for Consumer Protection Policymakers
99,727.16
101 Ahmed, Syud Amer The Gains from International Migration Revisited 125,000.00
102 Peria, Maria Soledad Martinez
Global Financial Development Report 199,990.21
103 Klapper, Leora Salary Susu Plus: The Impact of Formal Savings on Spending and Borrowing
49,410.38
104 Peria, Maria Soledad Martinez
Corporate Governance and Debt Maturity 49,766.00
105 Ruiz-Ortega, Claudia
Credit Bureau in Mexico 49,897.20
106 Saliola, Federica Benchmarking Public Procurement 149,998.97
107 Ozden, Caglar Demographic Change and International Integration 163,512.92
108 Schmukler, Sergio Capital Flows: Geography, Drivers and Implications 109,992.83
TOTAL INVESTMENT CLIMATE & TRADE AND INTEGRATION 5,162,038.81
global PublIc goods
109 Toman, Michael Improving Governance of African River Basins – Determinants of Successes and Failures in Past Reforms
120,000.00
110 Toman, Michael Economic Impacts of Low Carbon Growth Scenarios in Selected Developing Countries
178,800.29
111 Kessides, Ioannis Improving Efficiency and Climate Change Mitigation—Electricity Market Competition and Low-Carbon Generation Technologies
49,508.00
112 Timilsina, Govinda Economics of Biofuels and Potential Impacts on Biodiversity 120,545.60
113 de Walque, Damien Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment 51,734.35
114 Toman, Michael Green Growth Opportunities in Developing Countries 384,422.84
115 Mistiaen, Johan Survey Data Repository and Management Toolkit 218,463.62
116 Timilsina, Govinda Quantifying the Transaction Costs of Selected Energy Efficiency Measures to Reduce GHG Emissions
74,029.76
117 Van Rensburg, Theo Nortje Janse
Enhanced Global Macro/Financial Model for Developing Countries
81,939.03
48
TTL Project name Allocations
118 Lederman, Daniel International Survey on Intellectual Property Enforcement Agencies
17,724.32
119 Toman, Michael The Electricity/Groundwater Nexus for Indian Farmers: Implications of Electricity Subsidy Reform for Efficiency and Distribution
–
120 Dasgupta, Susmita Mobilizing Spatial Economics and Information for Tiger Habitat Conservation
297,445.60
121 Fantom, Neil Data Resource Center for Structural Economic Analysis 159,836.82
122 Toman, Michael Economic Valuation of Losses Due to “Amazon Dieback” 275,724.39
123 Toman, Michael Community Forestry and Pro-Poor Carbon Sequestration in Nepal
377,062.13
124 Bussolo, Maurizzio/ Go, Delfin
Global Demand System for Consumer Behavior 99,890.20
125 Toman, Michael International Cooperation and Conflict over Water 47,949.00
126 Veerappan, Malarvizhi
Open Metadata and Methods Application 363,599.76
127 Veerappan, Malarvizhi
Visualization and Analysis Application 182,683.05
128 Dasgupta, Susmita The Economics of Adaptation to Salinity Intrusion: The Case of Coastal Bangladesh
139,663.18
129 Timilsina, Govinda Linking Bottom-Up and Top-Down Models for Assessing Economy-Wide Impacts of Discrete Climate Change Mitigation Measures
69,782.65
130 Zhao, Qinghua Online Data Analysis Toolkit (ODAT) 56,794.01
131 Lokshin, Michael Development of Innovative Tools and Technologies for the Global Research Community
288,226.52
132 Welch, Matthew A Microdata Dissemination Challenge: Balancing Data Protection and Data Utility
86,579.00
133 Hamadeh, Nada Improving PPP Time Series 99,220.00
134 Toman, Michael Hands-On Capacity Building in Environmental Economics: A Proposed Collaboration with the Environment for Development Initiative
164,345.26
135 Toman, Michael/Strand, Jon
Economy-Wide Valuation of Local/Regional Ecosystem Services from Amazon Forest Area
99,531.33
136 Toman, Michael Supporting Ethiopia’s Push for 9 Million Improved Cooking Stoves to Improve Health and Combat Climate Change
125,000.00
137 Veerappan, Malarvizhi
Data Version Management and Linked Data 93,796.16
138 Chen, Shaohua Improving and Expanding PovcalNet 99,888.77
139 Toman, Michael Economic Valuation of Changes in the Amazon Forest Area 1,713,292.16
140 Sajaia, Zurab Functionality to Conduct Complex Household and Agricultural Surveys with CAPI
55,810.00
49
TTL Project name Allocations
141 Dasgupta, Susmita Ecologically Cost-Effective Road Investment in Tropical Forests 219,551.06
142 Feng, Juan UNICEF-WHO-The World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Dataset Expansion
179,929.06
143 Ahmed, Syud Amer Sustainable Poverty Reduction and Shared Prosperity under a Changing Climate
186,000.00
TOTAL GLOBAL PUBLIC GOODS 6,778,767.92
economIc deVeloPment and structural change
144 Goldstein, Markus Stimulating Industrial Upgrading in Sub-Saharan Africa 192,991.78
145 Sepulveda, Claudia Research Agenda in New Structural Economics 144,552.65
146 Sepulveda, Claudia Structural Transformation, Enterprise Policies, and Economic Growth
136,416.27
147 Sepulveda, Claudia Country Case Studies on Structural Change and Industrial Policies
297,841.97
148 Loayza, Norman Industrial Policy in an Uncertain Environment 72,697.53
149 Fernandes, Ana Margarida
Export Transaction Database 148,793.89
150 Giles, John Structural Transformation and Rural Social Protection Policies: Evidence from China
250,000.00
151 Fernandes, Ana Margarida
Upgrading the Networking and Technological Capacity of Suppliers in South Africa
172,533.33
152 Deichmann, Uwe Moving to Density: A Research Program on the Rural-Urban Transformation in Developing Countries
498,172.94
153 Deichmann, Uwe Testing the Robustness of the Energy Intensity Kuznets Curve 29,996.00
154 Lederman, Daniel Commodity Prices, Household Adjustments, and Structural Transformation
42,146.00
155 Hallward-Driemeier-Mary
Industrial Structure, Productivity, Growth and Welfare 148,527.00
156 Giles, John Early Work Experiences and the Skills of Young Adults: Evidence from Senegal
140,985.23
157 Beegle, Kathleen WDR 2013: Jobs 701,926.59
158 Hon, Vivian Structural Transformation, Macroeconomic Behaviors and Industrial Policies
65,410.20
159 Fernandes, Ana Margarida
Global Analysis of the Impact of Policies and Firm Dynamics in Trade
159,990.15
160 Go, Delfin Structural Change in a Dynamic World 200,000.00
161 Deichmann, Uwe Understanding the Broader Impacts of Transport Infrastructure Investments
259,258.70
162 Lofgren, Hans Structural Transformation Analysis with MAMS 139,999.05
163 Hallward-Driemeier, Mary
MENA Job Creation, Structural Change and Economic Development
1,047,273.99
50
TTL Project name Allocations
164 Schmukler, Sergio Institutional Investors 49,994.73
165 Deininger, Klaus Promoting Rural-Urban Integration in China 100,000.00
166 Giles, John Community, Family and Household Support for the Elderly in the Wake of Rapid Urbanization: Evidence from Rural China
199,923.47
167 Maliszewska, Maryla
Aging: The Changing Nature of Intergenerational Flows in Developing Countries
150,000.00
168 Lofgren, Hans Simple Global Analysis with the R23 Model and Database for 200+ Countries
99,999.08
169 Peria, Maria Soledad Martinez
Corporate Governance and Systemic Risk 44,326.50
170 Maliszewska, Maryla
The Coming Wave of Educated Workers: Size and Impact on Global Inequality and Poverty
214,999.40
171 Kanz, Martin/ Klapper, Leora
The Impact of Wage Frequency on Employee Performance: A Field Experiment with Factory Workers Receiving Electronic Wage Payments in Bangladesh
99,932.42
172 Peria, Maria Soledad Martinez
GFDR 384,830.08
173 Deichmann, Uwe WDR 2016: The Internet and Development 449,943.77
174 McKenzie, David Upgrading Management Technology in Colombia: A Randomized Experiment
100,000.00
175 Ruiz-Ortega, Claudia
Providing Technical Support to Financial Institutions in Rural Mexico
59,962.00
176 Vashakmadze, Ekaterine
Global Economic Prospects Flagship 200,000.00
TOTAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE 7,003,424.72
KCP II TOTAL ALLOCATIONS & DISBURSEMENTS 28,551,804.54
51
TABLE B.2 KCP III Allocations and Disbursements As of June 30, 2017 (US$)
TTL Project name Allocations Disbursements Available
FragIlIty and rIsk management
1 Cull, Robert Global FinaÅncial Development Report 2016: Global Banking
200,000.00 – 200,000.00
2 Holmlund, Marcus
Social Network Mapping and Analysis for Youth Living in High-Violence Urban Neighborhoods in Honduras
130,000.00 – 130,000.00
TOTAL FRAGILITY AND RISK MANAGEMENT 330,000.00 0.00 330,000.00
InnoVatIon In data ProductIon methods, analysIs and dIssemInatIon
3 Khokhar, Tariq Producing, Analyzing and Visualizing Global Income Distributions
60,000.00 55,874.05 4,125.95
4 Dupriez, Olivier Calibration in Sample Survey Estimation: Improving the Quality of Socioeconomic Indicators by Using Auxiliary Information
74,931.45 74,931.45 –
5 Dupriez, Olivier Generation of Synthetic Data for ex ante Impact Assessments
90,000.00 89,654.78 345.22
6 Kraay, Aart Worldwide Governance Indicators 2016–2018
100,000.00 39,825.63 60,174.37
7 Cull, Robert 2016 World Bank Survey of Bank Regulation and Supervision
200,000.00 8,974.76 191,025.24
8 Dang, Hai-Anh Poverty Imputation Handbook and Research
100,000.00 47,303.88 52,696.12
9 Filmer, Deon Measuring and Analyzing Teacher Knowledge and Behavior
100,000.00 99,989.00 11.00
10 Perotti, Valeria/ Rodriguez Meza, Jorge Luis
Benchmarking the Private Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa
300,000.00 299,627.15 372.85
11 Dang, Hai-Anh Measuring Countries’ Statistical Capacity
120,000.00 10,039.20 109,960.80
12 Dupriez, Olivier Machine Learning Algorithms for Poverty Prediction: An Empirical Comparative Assessment
180,000.00 39,500.00 140,500.00
13 Kilic, Talip Intra-Household Allocation of and Gender Differences in Consumption Poverty
130,000.00 – 130,000.00
14 Rogger, Daniel Measuring Process Productivity in Bureaucracies
80,000.00 12,237.25 67,762.75
15 Selod, Harris Using Big Data to Measure Urban Congestion
66,000.00 – 66,000.00
TOTAL INNOVATION IN DATA PRODUCTION METHODS, ANALYSIS AND DISSEMINATION
1,600,931.45 777,957.15 822,974.30
52
TTL Project name Allocations Disbursements Available
InternatIonal cooPeratIon and global PublIc goods
16 Maliszewska, Maryla
Mega-Regional Trade Agreements: Implications for Developing Countries
99,999.81 99,999.81 –
17 Lofgren, Hans/Ha, Jongrim
The Role of Confidence in the Cross-Border Transmission and Propagation of Shocks
210,000.00 179,935.17 30,064.83
18 Timilsina, Govinda
China Climate Policy Modeling 50,000.00 47,830.22 2,169.78
19 Ozden, Caglar Migration and Labor Market Implications in the South
100,000.00 99,999.89 0.11
20 Mattoo, Aaditya / Rijkers, Bob
Trade Policy, Poverty and Shared Prosperity
100,000.00 99,905.44 94.56
21 Kaushik, Siddhesh Vishwanath/ Ferrantino, Michael
Non-Tariff Measures (NTM) Indicators
100,000.00 35,133.00 64,867.00
22 Cull, Robert After the Global Financial Crisis: Bank Regulation and Supervision
165,000.00 – 165,000.00
TOTAL INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND GLOBAL PUBLIC GOODS
824,991.81 562,803.53 262,196.28
23 Das, Jishnu Kenya Patient Safety Impact Evaluation
150,000.00 138,129.08 11,870.92
24 de Walque, Damien
Extension of the RESPECT Study in Tanzania to the Population of Commercial Sex Workers and Women at High Risk in Dar-es-Salaam
75,000.00 – 75,000.00
25 Das, Jishnu From Access to Quality: Ramping Up Measurement and Improvement of Health Care Quality
250,000.00 24,000.00 226,000.00
26 Rijkers, Bob Performance Pay in Customs: Evidence from Madagascar
75,000.00 – 75,000.00
27 Ozier, Owen A New Model for Primary Schooling in Developing Countries
250,000.00 71,585.08 178,414.92
28 Ozler, Berk Increasing Uptake of Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs) among Adolescent Females in Cameroon
200,000.00 18,807.77 181,192.23
TOTAL SERVICE DELIVERY AND AID EFFECTIVENESS 1,000,000.00 252,521.93 747,478.07
53
TTL Project name Allocations Disbursements Available
World bank FlagshIP rePorts
29 Deichmann, Uwe
WDR 2016: Internet for Development
607,793.40 431,253.69 176,539.71
30 Lofgren, Hans/ Ha, Jongrim
Economic Spillovers in an Era of Globalization: Facts, Channels and Implications
120,000.00 46,528.98 73,471.02
31 Maliszewska, Maryla
Global Monitoring Report 120,000.00 120,000.00 –
32 Lopez-Calva, Luis-Felipe
WDR 2017: Governance and the Law
1,024,255.75 1,024,255.75 –
33 Gauri, Varun WDR 2015 Operationalization 150,000.00 39,686.55 110,313.45
34 Filmer, Deon / Rogers, Halsey
WDR 2018: Realizing the Promise of Education for Development
400,000.00 399,869.58 130.42
35 Lopez-Calva, Luis-Felipe
WDR 2017: Governance and the Law
949,971.00 920,740.38 29,230.62
36 Filmer, Deon/Rogers, Halsey
WDR 2018: Realizing the Promise of Education for Development
1,340,435.78 925,300.43 415,135.35
TOTAL WORLD BANK FLAGSHIP REPORTS 4,712,455.93 3,907,635.36 804,820.57
groWth and Job creatIon
37 Ramalho, Rita Job Quality Framework 149,930.88 149,930.88 –
38 Loayza, Norman
International Benchmarking for Country Diagnostics
50,000.00 18,136.06 31,863.94
39 McKenzie, David
Micro and Small Firm Death in Developing Countries
75,000.00 74,929.02 70.98
40 Toman, Michael Economy-Wide Effects of Expanded Electricity Access and Impacts of Household Electricity Tariff Changes in Ethiopia
100,000.00 99,821.77 178.23
41 Bustelo, Federico
Getting Water and Sewerage Connections in 31 Mexican States and Mexico City
99,830.17 99,830.17 –
42 Francis, David / Rodriguez Meza, Jorge Luis
Making Enforceable Agreements: Data and Indicator Pilot
150,000.00 – 150,000.00
43 Schmukler, Sergio
The Effects of Interest Rate Ceilings on Credit Markets: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Chile
150,000.00 – 150,000.00
TOTAL GROWTH AND JOB CREATION 774,761.05 442,647.90 332,113.15
54
TTL Project name Allocations Disbursements Available
PoVerty and shared ProsPerIty
44 Hasan, Tazeen Equality of Opportunity in Global Prosperity
150,000.00 149,894.77 105.23
45 Toman, Michael The Effect of Improved Biomass Cookstoves on Indoor Air Quality and Respiratory Health in Rural Ethiopia
100,000.00 99,659.94 340.06
46 Saliola, Federica
Living Life 100,000.00 99,990.74 9.26
47 Kanz, Martin What Drives the Demand for Islamic Finance? Evidence from Field Experiments with Low-Income Households in Indonesia
– – –
48 Jacoby, Hanan/Do, Quy-Toan
Electricity Demand in Vietnam 180,000.00 116,878.30 63,121.70
49 Ratha, Dilip Migration and the Law 300,000.00 107,930.78 192,069.22
50 Toman, Michael Effect of Improved Biomass Cookstoves on Indoor Air Quality and Respiratory Health in Rural Ethiopia Part 3
57,000.00 53,000.00 4,000.00
51 Perotti, Valeria Living Life (Phase II) 145,000.00 54,283.20 90,716.80
TOTAL POVERTY AND SHARED PROSPERITY 1,032,000.00 681,637.73 350,362.27
KCP III TOTAL ALLOCATIONS, June 30, 2017 10,275,148.24 6,625,203.60 3,649,944.64
55
TABLE B.3 Completed KCP II Projects in FY2017 (US$)
# Task leader Project name Disbursement
PoVerty dynamIcs and PublIc serVIce delIVery
1 Rao, Vijayendra Using Behavioral Economics to Measure and Improve CDD Operations
50,414.14
2 Wagstaff, Robert Improving Data on Population Health and Skills Using Tablet-Compatible Household Survey Diagnostic Instruments
90,448.02
3 Jacoby, Hanan Decentralizing Irrigation Management: Evidence from the Indus Basin of Pakistan
149,971.78
4 Das, Jishnu Quality of Care, Its Determinants and How It Can Be Improved 149,522.10
5 Chen, Shaohua Assessing the Impact of 2011 ICP PPPs on Global Poverty Estimates
133,721.47
6 Saliola, Federica Equality of Opportunity in Global Prosperity 238,357.40
7 Serajuddin, Umar National Account vs. Survey Based Welfare 178,095.10
8 Chandra, Vandana GMR 2015–2017 “Monitoring and Reporting the Twin Goals” 295,000.00
TOTAL POVERTY DYNAMICS AND PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY 1,285,530.01
InVestment clImate & trade and IntegratIon
9 Schmukler, Sergio Firm Financing from Capital Markets 74,993.27
10 Ozden, Caglar Demographic Change and International Integration 163,512.92
11 Ruiz-Ortega, Claudia
Credit Bureau in Mexico 49,897.20
12 Schmukler, Sergio Capital Flows: Geography, Drivers and Implications 109,992.83
TOTAL INVESTMENT CLIMATE & TRADE AND INTEGRATION 398,396.22
global PublIc goods
13 Chen, Shaohua Improving and Expanding PovcalNet 99,888.77
14 Toman, Michael Economic Valuation of Changes in the Amazon Forest Area 1,713,292.16
15 Ahmed, Syud Amer
Sustainable Poverty Reduction and Shared Prosperity under a Changing Climate
186,000.00
16 Feng, Juan UNICEF-WHO-The World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Dataset Expansion
179,929.06
17 Dasgupta, Susmita
Ecologically Cost-Effective Road Investment in Tropical Forests 219,551.06
TOTAL GLOBAL PUBLIC GOODS 2,398,661.05
economIc deVeloPment and structural change
18 Hallward-Driemeier, Mary
MENA Job Creation, Structural Change and Economic Development
1,047,273.99
19 Maliszewska, Maryla
The Coming Wave of Educated Workers: Size and Impact on Global Inequality and Poverty
214,999.40
20 Peria, Maria Soledad Martinez
GFDR 384,830.08
21 Ruiz-Ortega, Claudia
Providing Technical Support to Financial Institutions in Rural Mexico
59,962.00
Total Economic Development and Structural Change 1,707,065.47
56
TABLE B.4 Completed KCP III Projects in FY2017 (US$)
# Task leader Project name Disbursement
InnoVatIon In data ProductIon methods, analysIs and dIssemInatIon
1 Khokhar, Tariq Producing, Analyzing and Visualizing Global Income Distributions
55,874.05
2 Dupriez, Olivier Calibration in Sample Survey Estimation: Improving the Quality of Socioeconomic Indicators by Using Auxiliary Information
74,931.45
3 Dupriez, Olivier Generation of Synthetic Data for ex ante Impact Assessments 89,654.78
4 Filmer, Deon Measuring and Analyzing Teacher Knowledge and Behavior 99,989.00
5 Perotti, Valeria/ Rodriguez Meza, Jorge Luis
Benchmarking the Private Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa 299,627.15
TOTAL INNOVATION IN DATA PRODUCTION METHODS, ANALYSIS AND DISSEMINATION
620,076.43
InternatIonal cooPeratIon and global PublIc goods
6 Maliszewska, Maryla
Mega-Regional Trade Agreements: Implications for Developing Countries
99,999.81
7 Timilsina, Govinda China Climate Policy Modeling 47,830.22
8 Ozden, Caglar Migration and Labor Market Implications in the South 99,999.89
9 Mattoo, Aaditya/ Rijkers, Bob
Trade Policy, Poverty and Shared Prosperity 99,905.44
TOTAL INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND GLOBAL PUBLIC GOODS 347,735.36
World bank FlagshIP rePorts
10 Lopez-Calva, Luis-Felipe
World Development Report 2017: Governance and the Law 1,024,255.75
11 Lopez-Calva, Luis-Felipe
World Development Report 2017: Governance and the Law 920,740.38
TOTAL WORLD BANK FLAGSHIP REPORTS 1,944,996.13
groWth and Job creatIon
12 Ramalho, Rita Job Quality Framework 149,930.88
13 McKenzie, David Micro and Small Firm Death in Developing Countries 74,929.02
14 Bustelo, Federico Getting Water and Sewerage Connections in 31 Mexican States and Mexico City
99,830.17
Total GROWTH AND JOB CREATION 324,690.07
Poverty and Shared Prosperity
15 Hasan, Tazeen Equality of Opportunity in Global Prosperity 149,894.77
16 Toman, Michael The Effect of Improved Biomass Cookstoves on Indoor Air Quality and Respiratory Health in Rural Ethiopia
99,659.94
17Saliola, Federica Living Life
99,990.74
TOTAL POVERTY AND SHARED PROSPERITY 349,545.45
Dropped Project
Kanz, Martin What Drives the Demand for Islamic Finance? Evidence from Field Experiments with Low-Income Households in Indonesia
57
TABLE B.5 Ongoing KCP III Projects in FY2017 (US$)
TTL Project name Allocations
FragIlIty andrIsk management
1 Cull, Robert Global Financial Development Report 2016: Global Banking 200,000.00
2 Holmlund, Marcus Social Network Mapping and Analysis for Youth Living in High-Violence Urban Neighborhoods in Honduras
130,000.00
InnoVatIon In data ProductIon methods, analysIs and dIssemInatIon
3 Kraay, Aart Worldwide Governance Indicators 2016–2018 100,000.00
4 Cull, Robert 2016 World Bank Survey of Bank Regulation and Supervision 200,000.00
5 Dang, Hai-Anh Poverty Imputation Handbook and Research 100,000.00
6 Dang, Hai-Anh Measuring Countries’ Statistical Capacity 120,000.00
7 Dupriez, Olivier Machine Learning Algorithms for Poverty Prediction: An Empirical Comparative Assessment
180,000.00
8 Kilic, Talip Intra-Household Allocation of and Gender Differences in Consumption Poverty
130,000.00
9 Rogger, Daniel Measuring Process Productivity in Bureaucracies 80,000.00
10 Selod, Harris Using Big Data to Measure Urban Congestion 66,000.00
InternatIonal cooPeratIon and global PublIc goods
11 Lofgren, Hans /Ha, Jongrim
The Role of Confidence in the Cross-Border Transmission and Propagation of Shocks
210,000.00
12 Kaushik, Siddhesh Vishwanath/ Ferrantino, Michael
Non-Tariff Measures (NTM) Indicators 100,000.00
13 Cull, Robert After the Global Financial Crisis: Bank Regulation and Supervision
165,000.00
serVIce delIVery and aId eFFectIVeness
14 Jishnu, Das Kenya Patient Safety Impact Evaluation 150,000.00
15 de Walque, Damien
Extension of the RESPECT Study in Tanzania to the Population of Commercial Sex Workers and Women at High Risk in Dar-es-Salaam
75,000.00
16 Das, Jishnu From Access to Quality: Ramping Up Measurement and Improvement of Health Care Quality
250,000.00
17 Rijkers, Bob Performance Pay in Customs: Evidence from Madagascar 75,000.00
18 Ozier, Owen A New Model for Primary Schooling in Developing Countries 250,000.00
19 Ozler, Berk Increasing Uptake of Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs) among Adolescent Females in Cameroon
200,000.00
58
TTL Project name Allocations
World bank FlagshIP rePorts
20 Mishra, Deepak WDR 2016: Internet for Development 607,793.40
21 Lofgren, Hans / Ha, Jongrim
Economic Spillovers in an Era of Globalization: Facts, Channels and Implications
120,000.00
22 Maliszewska, Maryla
Global Monitoring Report 120,000.00
23 Varun, Gauri WDR 2015 Operationalization 150,000.00
24 Filmer, Deon/ Rogers, Halsey
WDR 2018: Realizing the Promise of Education for Development
400,000.00
25 Filmer, Deon/ Rogers, Halsey
WDR 2018: Realizing the Promise of Education for Development
1,340,435.78
GROWTH AND JOB CREATION
26 Loayza, Norman International Benchmarking for Country Diagnostics 50,000.00
27 Toman, Michael Economy-Wide Effects of Expanded Electricity Access and Impacts of Household Electricity Tariff Changes in Ethiopia
100,000.00
28 Francis, David/Rodriguez Meza, Jorge Luis
Making Enforceable Agreements: Data and Indicator Pilot 150,000.00
29 Schmukler, Sergio The Effects of Interest Rate Ceilings on Credit Markets: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Chile
150,000.00
PoVerty and shared ProsPerIty
30 Jacoby, Hanan/Do, Quy-Toan
Electricity Demand in Vietnam 180,000.00
31 Ratha, Dilip Migration and the Law 300,000.00
32 Toman, Michael Effect of Improved Biomass Cookstoves on Indoor Air Quality and Respiratory Health in Rural Ethiopia Part 3
57,000.00
33 Perotti, Valeria Living Life 145,000.00
59
kcp DonorS
KNOWLEDGE FOR CHANGE PROGRAM II DONORS
AUSTRALIAAustralian Agency for International
Development, Government of Australia
http://www.dfat.gov.au/
CANADACanadian International Development Agency,
Government of Canada
http://www.international.gc.ca/international/in-
dex.aspx?lang=eng
CHINAMinistry of Finance
http://www.mof.gov.cn/
DENMARKMinistry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark
http://um.dk/en
FINLANDDepartment for Development Policy
http://www.formin.fi/english
JAPANMinistry of Finance
http://www.mof.go.jp/english
REPUBLIC OF KOREAMinistry of Strategy and Finance
http://english.mosf.go.kr/
NORWAYNorwegian Agency for Development
Cooperation (NORAD)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
https://www.norad.no/en/front/
http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/
ud.html?id=833
SINGAPOREMinistry of Finance
http://www.mof.gov.sg/
SWEDENSwedish International Development
Cooperation Agency (Sida)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
http://www.sida.se/English/
http://www.government.se/
government-of-sweden/
ministry-for-foreign-affairs/
SWITZERLANDSwiss Agency for Development and
Cooperation,
Federal Department of Foreign Affairs
http://www.sdc.admin.ch/
UNITED KINGDOMDepartment for International Development
(DfID)
http://www.dfid.gov.uk/
60
KNOWLEDGE FOR CHANGE PROGRAM III DONORS
CANADADepartment of Foreign Affairs, Trade and
Development, Government of Canada
http://www.international.gc.ca/international/in-
dex.aspx?lang=eng
ESTONIAMinistry of Foreign Affairs
http://vm.ee/en
FINLANDDepartment for Development Policy
http://www.formin.fi/english
FRANCEAgence Française de Développement (AFD)
http://www.afd.fr/en
NORWAYMinistry of Foreign Affairs
http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/
ud.html?id=833
SWEDENMinistry of Foreign Affairs
http://www.government.se/
government-of-sweden/
ministry-for-foreign-affairs/
UNITED KINGDOMDepartment for International Development
(DfID)
http://www.dfid.gov.uk/