Annexture

Homework type/no Assignment 1 Course code CSE-302

Part- A

Q1: Information system can be a strategic weapon .Comment . Ans: - Using information technology as a strategic weapon is the highest level of application information technology can help build and enhance strategy by providing better data and information within the organization (internal application) as well as help the organization redefine and support relationship with customers, suppliers and other organization (external application). Internal applications include networking, intranet, and enterprises resource planning (ERP) systems. Extranets, e-commerce, and network structures are external application.Networking, which links people and departments within a particular building or even across corporate offices, enabling them to share information and cooperate on projects, has become an important strategic weapon for many companies. Networks

may take many forms, but the fastest – growing form of corporate networking is the intranet, a private companywide information system that uses the communications protocols and standards of the internet and the World Wide Web but is accessible only to people within the company. To view files and information, users simply navigate the site with a standard Web Browser, clicking on links. Although the intranet looks and acts like a Web Site, it is cordoned off from the public with the use of software program known as firewalls. Because intranet is Web-based, they can be accessed from any type of computers workstation. A single company may have many types of computers and software with traditional networks, organization faces a challenge of how to enable them all to communicate with one another. One solution is a category of software known as middleware, which medicated among myriad types of hardware and software sand enables these varied components to communicate on a network.

Today most companies with intranet have moved their management information system, executive information systems, and so forth over to the intranet so they can easily accessed by anyone who needs them. In addition, having these systems as part of the intranet means new features and applications can easily be added and accessed through as standard browser.

Q2: List some of the utility of different system analysis approaches.

Ans :- UTILITY THEORY IN CONSUMER BEHAVIOR Utility theory is often used to explain the behavior of individual consumers. In this case the consumer plays the role of the decision maker that must decide how much of each of the many different goods and services to consume so as to secure the highest possible level of total utility subject to his/her available income and the prices of the goods/services.

UTILITY THEORY AND DEMAND In addition to providing an explanation of consumer disposition of income, utility theory is useful in establishing individual consumer demand curves for goods and services. A consumer's demand curve for a good or service shows the different quantities that consumers purchase at various alternative prices. Factors that are held constant are consumers' tastes and preferences, income, and price.

UTILITY FUNCTIONS In all cases the utility that the decision maker gets from selecting a specific choice is measure by a utility function U, which is a mathematical representation of the decision maker's system of preferences such that: U(x) > U(y), where choice x is preferred over choice y or U(x) = U(y), where choice x is indifferent from choice y—both choices are equally preferred.

Utility functions can be either cardinal or ordinal. In the former case, a utility function is used to derive a numerical score for each choice that represents the utility of this choice.

In this setting the utilities (scores) assigned to different choices are directly comparable. For instance, a utility of 100 units towards a cup of tea is twice as desirable as a cup of coffee with a utility level of 50 units. In the ordinal case, the magnitude of the utilities (scores) are not important; only the ordering of the choices as implied by their utilities matters. For instance, a utility of 100 towards a cup of tea and a utility level of 50 units for a cup of coffee simply state that a cup of coffee is preferred to a cup of tea, but it cannot be argued that a cup of tea is twice as desirable as a cup of coffee. Within this setting, it is important to note that an ordinal utility function is not unique, since any monotonic increasing transformation of an ordinal utility function will still provide the same ordering for the choices.

Q3 : Explain why having a standardized system development process is important to an organization? What role does the system analyst plays ?

Ans: - There is always a right way of doing something, whatever it is that you may be doing. The right way tends to work, and wrong ways either don't work or work very inefficiently. So if you create a system or a process by which something is done the right way, this can be used to accomplish whatever it is that your organization is trying to accomplish (whatever that may be, frying hamburgers, selling houses, arresting criminals, etc.). Without offering any system or process, you would have to ask the members of the organization to simply improvise everything they do, and that is not going to work.Systems analyst is required in order to identify weaknesses, workarounds and solutions on an IT project. They are experts in analyzing problems and forming solutions while identifying risks, issues, and impact. The systems analyst is not responsible for coding (although code reviews may be required), but they are responsible for analyzing existing systems and identifying suitable solutions.

Systems analyst is more technical in nature than a Business analyst who will act as the interface between the business and the technical teams. Often Systems analysts and Business analysts work closely together, it is also common to have 1 person to fulfil both roles, these are known as Business Systems analysts.Without a systems analyst the IT team has no way to analyse existing IT, or to analyse the impact of integrating new IT solutions. This could therefore be an impact in terms of time taken on a project, number of defects raised, and not meeting the business requirements.

Part-B

Q4: Is there any need of having three stages of feasibility study? Which step of feasibility study is considered to be the most important and why?

Ans:- The feasibility study is basically the test of the proposed system in the light of its workability, meeting user’s requirements, effective use of resources and .of course, the cost effectiveness. The main goal of feasibility study is not to solve the problem but to achieve the scope. In the process of feasibility study, the cost and benefits are estimated with greater accuracy.In order to determine whether or not a given project is feasible, there must be some form of investigation into the goals and implications of the project. For very small scale projects this may not be necessary at all as the scope of the project is easily understood. In larger projects, the feasibility may be done but in an informal sense, either because there is not time for a formal study or because the project is a “must-have” and will have to be done one way or the other.When a feasibility study is carried out, there are three main areas of consideration:

Feasibility study is important in all the organizations before setting up any system.Operational feasibility Technical feasibilityFinancial feasibilityOperational feasibility :- Operational feasibility is a measure of how well a proposed system solves the problems, and takes advantage of the opportunities identified during scope definition and how it satisfies the requirements identified in the requirements analysis phase of system development

Technical Feasibility.  A large part of determining resources has to do with assessing technical feasibility.  The analyst must find out whether current technical resources can be upgraded or added to in a manner that fulfills the request under consideration.  However, sometimes "add-ons" to existing systems are costly and not worthwhile, simply because they must meet needs inefficiently.  If existing systems cannot be added onto, then the next question becomes whether there is technology in existence that meets the specifications.This is where the expertise of system analysts is beneficial, since using their own experience and their contact with vendors they will be able to answer the question of technical feasibility.  Usually the response to whether a particular technology is

available and capable of meeting the users' request is "yes," and then the question becomes an economic one.

Financial feasibility :- In case of a new project, financial viability can be judged on the following parameters:Total estimated cost of the projectFinancing of the project in terms of its capital structure, debt equity ratio and promoter's share of total costExisting investment by the promoter in any other businessProjected cash flow and profitability

Technical feasibility is the most important feasibility step because since it give us the idea about the project for a task given is technically possible or not and we will analyze the task on the basis technical terms and reviews.

If this feasibility analysis is found to be ok technically then we will move further for the other feasibility analysis. It is the most important feasibility analysis because if a task is technically is not possible for a application program then it is the wastage of time and resources for the other feasibility analysis such as operational and economic feasibility. Technical feasibility is very important because the task should be practically possible to be implemented otherwise operational and economic feasibility is useless because operational feasibility is possible after the implementation or development of the program.Q5:What kind of fact finding techniques would you use for investigating the information requirements for a multispeciality hospital, which is presently using the manual registrations? Which kind of techniques do you think will be more effective? Also, mention the problems you anticipate in conducting the investigations.Ans :- There are a number of hospitals in India that offer a multitude of medical services. In a medical emergency, the nearest hospital is chosen. However, when there is time to choose a hospital, how should one choose?More important than the infrastructure, it is essential to know if the hospital has a documented process for its healthcare activities. Patient care not only involves the core clinical care, but also other support activities like requisition of tests, medicines, nurse doctor coordination, infection control practices, training, and so on. These need to run seamlessly in the background to provide the best experience to the patient and the relatives.A quality-conscious hospital should define all such activities internally, document the same, and impart necessary training to the staff. These documented activities include detailed job responsibilities, work instructions, checklists and quality indicators for the staff to follow.Information to patientsThe patients and/or family members are explained about the proposed care.

The patients and/or family members are explained about the expected results.The patients and/or family members are explained about the possible complications.The patients and/or family members are explained about the expected costs.Rights of the patient and familyRespect for personal dignity and privacy during examination, procedures and treatment.Right to refusal of treatment.Informed consent before anaesthesia, blood and blood product transfusions and any invasive or high-risk procedures.Information on how to voice a complaint.Access to his / her clinical records.Quality in investigationsAdequately qualified and trained personnel perform and/or supervise the lab investigations.Policies and procedures guide collection, identification, handling, safe transportation and disposal of lab specimens.Laboratory and imaging results are available within a defined time frame.Critical results are intimated immediately to the concerned personnel.

The lab and imaging quality programme addresses verification and validation of test methods.The lab and imaging quality programme includes periodic calibration and maintenance of all equipments.The lab and imaging programme includes the documentation of corrective and preventive actions.

Q6: Write the help of an example explain the development life cycle for a billing system in shopping mall.   Ans:-

Shopping Center Life Cycle

ATTRIBUTES

Important Innovation Considerations

Market Number of Competing Very fewfactors centers

Amount of shopper Increase rapidly traffic generated

Rate of sales growth Very rapid

Vacancy rate Low extensive

Control exerted Extensive by developers

Shopping Advertising and Extensivecenter promotional activitiesdeveloperstrategies Renovation of facilities None

Efforts to attract Extensive new retail tenants

Rental rates High

Length of lease Long

Retailer- Advertising and Extensive, totenant promotional activities create awarenessstrategies

Special sales and Few price discounts

Merchandise offerings Preplanned variety and assortment Store size and layout Prototype model

Type of store Entrepreneurial

Accelerated Development Maturity

Market Rapid growth Many of the samefactors type of center

Steadily increases Stable amount

Rapid Moderate to slow

Very low Moderate

Moderate Extensive

Shopping Moderate Extensivecenter

developer Minor Maintenance ofstrategies modifications existing facilities

Moderate Moderate

High Competitive

Long Moderate

Retailer- Moderate, to draw Extensive, totenant greater interest compete on pricestrategies Moderate Extensive

Variety and assort- Stable variety ment to the market and assortment

Adjusted to meet Stable size market demand

Aggressive Professional

Decline

Market Many same andfactors newer types

Steadily decreases

Slow or negative

High

Moderate

Shopping Moderatecenterdeveloper Neglect or extensivestrategies reformatting

Extensive

Low

Short

Retailer- Moderate, to

tenant remind of sale pricestrategies Extensive

Reduced variety and assortment

Scaled down

Caretaker