ANALYSING AND CREATING CHARTS AND GRAPHICS

„NEW LITERACY SET” PROJECT

Graphs and charts are great

because they communicate

information visually.

For this reason, graphs are often

used in newspapers, magazines

and businesses around the world.

Let’s have a look an example:

Presentation of gender statistics in

graphs

ThingLink: goo.gl/vBjNNh

GRAPHS AND CHARTS

BAR GRAPHS

Are those employing rectangles (bars) that are placed in parallel. The height indicates the frequency of that data.

Bar charts allow numerical information in a clear and orderly manner, to communicate it to others. With the

information displayed on graphs you can quickly and visually interpret the information, facilitating further

analysis.

A bar graph is useful for comparing facts. The bars provide a visual display for comparing quantities in different

categories. Bar graphs help us to see relationships quickly. Another name for a bar graph is a bar chart. Each part

of a bar graph has a purpose.

To construct a bar graph, you must draw a vertical and horizontal axes. In free space the bar is located. Numerical

data are on the vertical axis (determining the height of the bars) and the categories in the horizontal axis.

BAR GRAPHS

Example 1: A survey of students' favorite after-school activities was conducted at a school. The table below shows

the results of this survey.

A bar graph is useful for comparing facts. The bars provide a visual display for comparing quantities in different

categories. Bar graphs help us to see relationships quickly. Another name for a bar graph is a bar chart. Each part of a

bar graph has a purpose.

Title: The title tells us what the graph is about.

Labels: The labels tell us what kinds of facts are listed.

Bars: The bars show the facts.

grid lines: Grid lines are used to create the scale.

Categories: Each bar shows a quantity for a particular

category.

LINE GRAPHS

It is a set of points connected by a line in a Cartesian system, showing a variable trends over a period of time. For this reason, a line graph is useful in displaying data or information that changes continuously over time. The points on a line graph are connected by a line. Another name for a line graph is a line chart.

LINE GRAPHS Let's define the various parts of a line graph.

Title: The title of the line graph tells us what

the graph is about.

Labels: The horizontal label across the bottom

and the vertical label along the side tells us

what kinds of facts are listed.

Scales: The horizontal scale across the bottom

and the vertical scale along the side tell us

how much or how many.

Points: The points or dots on the graph show

us the facts.

Lines: The lines connecting the points give

estimates of the values between the points.

CIRCLE GRAPH/PIE CHART

It is a circle diagram that visually represents information into

imaginary slices of cake. A circle graph, or a pie chart, is used to

visualize information and data. A circle graph is usually used to

easily show the results of an investigation in a proportional

manner. The arcs of a circle graph are proportional to how

many percent of population gave a certain answer.

Reading a pie chart is as easy as figuring out which slice of an

actual pie is the biggest. Usually, you have several bits of data,

and each is pictured on the pie chart as a pie slice. You will see

that some data have larger slices than others. So you can easily

decipher which data is more important to your audience than

others.

CIRCLE GRAPH/PIE CHART

A circle graph is usually used to easily show the results of an investigation in a proportional manner. The arcs of a

circle graph are proportional to how many percent of population gave a certain answer

http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-pie-chart-

definition-examples-quiz.html

Reading a pie chart is as easy as figuring out which slice of an actual pie

is the biggest. Usually, you have several bits of data, and each is pictured

on the pie chart as a pie slice. You will see that some data have larger

slices than others. So you can easily decipher which data is more

important to your audience than others.

OTHER TYPES

Illustration Image Purpose Example

Column graph To reveal change in a subject at regular

intervals of time

The number of registered voters in your

city during the last five elections

Scatter diagram To graph pairs of numerical data to look

for a relationship between them

The relation between temperature and

number of sold airconditioners

Fishbone diagram To identify possible causes for a problem Trying to understand the source of

periodic iron contamination during

manufacute

OTHER TYPES

Illustration Image Purpose Example

Flowchart To show the sequence of steps in a

process or a procedure

The process of installing a computer

application

Organizational chart To map the various divisions and levels of

responsibility within an organization

The hierarcy of military officers

Diagram To identify the parts of a subject and

their spatial relationship

The rooms of a building

OTHER TYPES

Illustration Image Purpose Example

Drawing To exhibit selected features of an object

or process

The on/off button on a machine or the

direction to turn lever

Photograph To show what a subject looks like in

realistic detail

The scene of a crime

INTERPRETING THE INFORMATION

To interpret the information given through graphs, you can follow the following methodology:

- Reading the title of the chart or table. We know what it is before we start to analyse it.

- Read the data. There will be a literal reading of the graph or table.

- Read among data. Interpretation and integration of data or graphics board.

- Reading beyond the data. Can you make a prediction based on the data in the graph or table?

QUESTION

1. What is the title of this bar graph?

2. What is the range of values on the (horizontal) scale?

3. How many categories are in the graph?

4. Which after-school activity do students like most?

5. Which after-school activity do students like least?

6. How many students like to talk on the phone?

7. How many students like to earn money?

8. Which two activities are liked almost equally?

9. List the categories in the graph from greatest to least.

1. What is the title of this line graph?

2. What is the range of values on the horizontal

scale?

3. What is the range of values on the vertical scale?

4. How many points are in the graph?

5. What was the lowest temperature recorded?

6. What was the highest temperature recorded?

7. At what point did the temperature dip?

A line graph is useful in displaying data or information that changes continuously over time. The points on a line

graph are connected by a line. Another name for a line graph is a line chart.

ACTIVITY LINE GRAPH

How to do a circle graph

QUESTION

1. What is the title of this circle graph?

2. How many categories are in the graph?

3. Which pet do students like most?

4. Which pet do students like least?

5. How many students like to have a dog?

6. How many students like to have a cat?

7. Which pet are liked almost equally?

8. List the categories in the graph from greatest to least.

HOW TO MAKE A SIMPLE CHART AND GRAPH IN EXCEL

http://www.online-tech-tips.com/ms-office-tips/excel-tutorial-how-to-make-a-simple-graph-or-chart-in-excel/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iv5m00YS_4I