Analogies, Similes, and Metaphors

Rachael Flynt

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Content Area: Reading Comprehension, VocabularyGrade Level: ThirdSummary: The purpose of this instructional PowerPoint

is to introduce analogies, similes, and metaphors and teach students to recognize and differentiate among the three.

Learning Objective: Students will identify analogies, similes, and metaphors using their knowledge of characteristics of all three and also synthesize at least one of each with 100% accuracy.

Content Standard: 3.1.3iAccomplishment: Students will correctly identify

analogies, similes, and metaphors in the texts they will read.

So, what are analogies, similes, and metaphors?

Analogies

• Analogies show a comparison between two unlike things that have something in common.

•We use the punctuation mark ‘is to’ or a colon ( : ) to show a relationship.

For example…apple: tree

grape: vine

“Apple is to tree as grape is to vine.”

This is an analogy because the relationship is the same…apples grow on trees and grapes grow on vines.

Another example…storm cloud: rain

Create a sentence that connects this same relationship and think of another pair of words that share that same same relationship.

Think/Pair/Share: tell your neighbor your sentence and word pair.

Similes and and Metaphors

SimilesSimilesA simile is a comparison A simile is a comparison between two unlike things between two unlike things using using likelike or or as.as.

His feet were His feet were asas big big asas boats boats..

Willow and GinkgoWillow and GinkgoBy Eve MerriamBy Eve Merriam

The willow is The willow is likelike an etching, an etching,Fine-lined against the sky.Fine-lined against the sky.The ginkgo is The ginkgo is likelike a crude sketch, a crude sketch,Hardly worthy to be signed.Hardly worthy to be signed.The willow’s music is The willow’s music is likelike a soprano, a soprano,Delicate and thin.Delicate and thin.The ginkgo’s tune isThe ginkgo’s tune is like like a chorus a chorusWith everyone joining in.With everyone joining in.  The willow is sleek The willow is sleek asas a velvet-nosed calf; a velvet-nosed calf;The ginkgo is leathery The ginkgo is leathery asas an old bull. an old bull.The willow’s branches are The willow’s branches are likelike silken silken

thread;thread;The ginkgo’s The ginkgo’s likelike stubby rough wool. stubby rough wool.  

MetaphorMetaphor A A metaphormetaphor states a states a

comparison between two comparison between two unlike things, but it does unlike things, but it does NOTNOT use the words like or as use the words like or as to make the comparison. to make the comparison.

Her hair Her hair isis silk. silk.

He had the heart of a He had the heart of a lion.lion.

Simile or Metaphor?Simile or Metaphor?

The baby was like an octopus, grabbing at all The baby was like an octopus, grabbing at all the cans on the grocery store shelves. the cans on the grocery store shelves.

As the teacher entered the room she As the teacher entered the room she muttered under her breath, "This class is like muttered under her breath, "This class is like a three-ring circus!"a three-ring circus!"

The giant’s steps were thunder as he ran The giant’s steps were thunder as he ran toward Jack.toward Jack.

The pillow was a cloud when I put my head The pillow was a cloud when I put my head upon it after a long day.upon it after a long day.

Simile or Metaphor?Simile or Metaphor?I feel like a limp dishrag.I feel like a limp dishrag.SimileSimileThose girls are like two peas in a pod.Those girls are like two peas in a pod.SimileSimileThe fluorescent light was the sun during The fluorescent light was the sun during

our test.our test.MetaphorMetaphor

No one invites Harold to parties because No one invites Harold to parties because he’s a wet blanket.he’s a wet blanket.

MetaphorMetaphorThe bar of soap was a slippery eel during The bar of soap was a slippery eel during

the dog’s bath.the dog’s bath.MetaphorMetaphorTed was as nervous as a cat with a long Ted was as nervous as a cat with a long

tail in a room full of rocking chairs. tail in a room full of rocking chairs. SimileSimile

Simile/Metaphor/Analogy Simile/Metaphor/Analogy GameGame

You have 4 minutes to come up with as You have 4 minutes to come up with as many many similessimiles, , metaphorsmetaphors ,and ,and analogiesanalogies as as you can for each word Miss Rachael gives you can for each word Miss Rachael gives you…you…

Create a list with 3 headings Metaphors 1 2 3

Similes123

• Analogies

•1

•2

•3

You will get 1 point for eachYou will get 1 point for each simile simile, 2 , 2 points for each points for each metaphormetaphor, and 3 points for , and 3 points for each each analogyanalogy

Be prepared to share your examples with Be prepared to share your examples with the class! You need to be able to read out the class! You need to be able to read out examples from your lists and everyone examples from your lists and everyone should be prepared to should be prepared to shareshare..

Scoring of Simile/Metaphor/Analogy Game

Ready,

Set….

GO!

Chocolate!Chocolate!Make as many Make as many similessimiles, , metaphorsmetaphors, ,

and and analogiesanalogies for this word as you for this word as you can!can!

Fish! Make as many Make as many similessimiles, , metaphorsmetaphors, ,

and and analogiesanalogies for this word as you for this word as you can!can!

Make as many Make as many similessimiles, , metaphorsmetaphors, , and and analogiesanalogies for this word as you for this word as you can!can!

Tree!

Let’s review!

•Analogies are comparisons between two UNLIKE things.

Example: Hot is to cold as light is to dark. Hot: cold, light: dark

•Similes are comparisons using the words LIKE or AS.

Example: He was as big as a house.•Metaphors are comparisons that SKIP using the words LIKE or AS.

Example: She was an angel.

More games!Analogy game:

Metaphors and similes movie:

Metaphor game:

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