AN UNIT OVERVIEW OF THERMAL POWER PLANT

(KTPS V-STAGE)PRESENTATION BY

G.RAKESH(107Z1A0221)K.S.S.VENKATA SATYA NAVEEN(107Z1A0222)

UNDER ESTEEMED GUIDANCE OF K.SWATHI

ABSTRACT

The main aim of this project is to study the various types of electrical and mechanical equipment involved in the process of generation of Electrical power.

INTRODUCTION

KTPS-V Station was commissioned in 1996.

It was the first major thermal power station in AP.

KTPS V Stage had achieved 94.5% plant load factor.

WORKING PRINCIPLE

The thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven.

Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator.

The coal is used as a major source of fuel.

The thermal power plant works on the principle of “Rankine cycle”.

PARTS OF THERMAL POWER PLANT

TYPES OF CIRCUITS

For simplicity let us divide the whole arrangement into four circuits.

1. Steam and water circuit 2. Air and gas circuit 3. Coal and ash circuit 4. Cooling water circuit.

1.STEAM AND WATER CIRCUIT

boiler Drum Super heater

Hp turbine

Re Heater

IP Turbine

LP Turbine

Condenser

BOILER

A boiler is a device for generating steam for power, processing or heating purposes.

The boiler used here is a two pass, tower type, reheat natural circulation single drum, balanced draft and dry bottom (open hopper type) boiler and is designed for burning coal as principal fuel.

SCHMETIC DIAGRAM OF BOILER

CLASSFICATION OF BOILERS Boilers are mainly classified into two

types. They are

1. Fire tube boiler

2.Water tube boiler

CONDENSER

Condenser is a Surface heat exchanger.

Exhaust steam from LP turbine enters into the condenser, where it condensates into water by exchanging its heat energy to cooling water.

FEED WATER FLOW FROM CONDENSER

Condenser CEPs LPH

DeaeratorBFPs HP

heaters

Economiser Drum boiler

ECONOMISER

An economiser extracts apart of this heat from the flue gases.

It uses extracted heat for heating the feed water before it enters into the steam drum.

2.AIR AND GAS CIRCUIT

PRIMARY AIR FAN(PA FAN) The primary air has got two functions. 1.Pre heating the coal. 2. Transportation of fuel into furnace.

PA fan Air Heater Mills Boiler

FORCED DRAFT FAN(FD FAN)

The function of FD FAN is to supply sufficient quantity of air required for complete combustion.

The air flow is as shown below

FD FanAir

Heater

Furnace

AIR PRE HEATERS

Air pre heater function is to heat the air with the help of flue gases.

The air heater used in KTPS-V is a Regenerative Tri-sector air heater.

The flue gases flow is as shown :

Boiler Air

preheater

ESP ID Fan Chimney

INDUCED DRAFT FAN (ID FAN)

The function of Induced Draft fan is to suck the gases out of furnaces and throw them into the stack.

Boiler is provided with two no. of Induced Draft Fans.

ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR The main function of ESP is to clean the

gases which are being released into atmosphere.

COAL AND ASH CIRCUIT

The coal flow is as shown below:

Coal storage plant

Crushers Bunkers Mills Boiler

COAL HANDLING PLANT

WAGON TRIPPLER CONVEYOR BELT

CRUSHERS BALL MILLS

ASH HANDLING PLANT

At the bottom of the furnace, there is a hopper for collection of bottom ash.

Fly ash is captured and removed from the flue gas by electrostatic precipitators.

The flow of ash is as shown belowBoiler Air pre

Heater ESPAsh

handling plant

Ash pond

COOLING WATER CIRCUIT

WATER SUPPLY

Water requirement for the KTPS is provided from Kinnerasani Project.

The total water required for the station is 1, 50,000 tons per day.

Primary Fuel Supply:

KTPS is linked to Singareni Collieries Company limited (S.C.C.L.) for supply of coal from Manuguru, Yellandu and Rudrampur mines.

STEAM TURBINE

Steam turbine is a rotating machine which converts the heat energy of steam into mechanical energy.

• HP Turbine

• IP Turbine

• LP Turbine

HIGH PRESSURE TURBINE: In high pressure turbine steam is expanded to do

work. High pressure turbine having 25 reaction stages. Steam admitted at 540oc and pressure 150

kg/sq.cm.

Description of Steam Turbines

IP TURBINE: Exhaust steam from hp turbine, after passing

through re heater is admitted for second phase of expansion of steam.

IP turbine having 17 reaction stages.

LOW PRESSURE TURBINE: Exhaust steam from IP turbine admitted to lp

turbine for the last phase of expansion of steam. LP turbine having 8 reaction stages

TYPES OF TURBINES

The excitation system comprises of an exciter and automatic voltage regulator.

The duty of an exciter is to provide the necessary field current to the rotor winding of the alternator.

Brush less excitation is used in KTPS Vth stage.

Excitation system

BRUSHLESS EXCITATION SYSTEM:

The excitation system comprises of an exciter and automatic voltage regulator.

The duty of an exciter is to provide the necessary field current to the rotor winding of the alternator.

Brush less excitation is used in KTPS Vth stage.

Excitation system

TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY:

1) KTPS-A Station : 4*60 = 240 MW

2) KTPS-B Station : 2*120 = 240 MW

3) KTPS-C Station : 2*120 = 240 MW

4) KTPS-V Stage : 2*250 = 500 MW

5) KTPS-VI Stage : 1*500=500 MW

Total installed capacity = 1720 MW

SALIENT FEATUREs OF K.T.P.S

CONCLUSION

In a modern thermal power plant the Rankine Cycle is modified to include superheating of steam, regenerative feed water heating and reheating of the steam.

Reheating the steam after it has partially expanded, improves the thermal cycle efficiency by 4 to 5%.Regenerative feed water heating by using Low pressure and High pressure heaters also improves the thermal cycle efficiency by 6 to 7%.

So the overall efficiency of a modern thermal power plant is about 42%.

THANK YOU!