1An Overview of the CEA Road-map for Hydrogen ProductionNEA H2 meeting – 2005, 5th 7th October

An Overview of the CEA Road-map for Hydrogen

Production

An Overview of the CEA Road-map for Hydrogen

Production

F. Le NaourP. Anzieu

2An Overview of the CEA Road-map for Hydrogen ProductionNEA H2 meeting – 2005, 5th 7th October

is involved in International and National Initiatives on H2

International Agreements and Working Groups

PAN-HPAN-HA five years Plan300-360 M€ for H2 & FC50-80 M€ for H2 production

A recent French National Plan

An European mobilization The 1st European platform270 M€ for H2 & Fuel CellsFP6 (last 5 years)

3An Overview of the CEA Road-map for Hydrogen ProductionNEA H2 meeting – 2005, 5th 7th October

must take into account National Specificities

Pick oil estimation – reduction of the hydrocarbon reserves

Transports60%

Industrie15%

Habitat & tertiaire25 % Transports

60%

Industrie15%

Habitat & tertiaire25 %

Distribution of oil consumption in France Transport is the main source of CO2

emission

Charbon

Pétrole

Gaz

Nucléaire

1850 1900 1950 2000 2050

Biomasse (bois)10%

50%

90%

99%

RESERVES / CONSOMMATION

Charbon

Pétrole

Gaz

Nucléaire

1850 1900 1950 2000 2050

Biomasse (bois)10%

50%

90%

99%

Charbon

Pétrole

Gaz

Nucléaire

1850 1900 1950 2000 2050

Biomasse (bois)10%

50%

90%

99%

RESERVES / CONSOMMATION

Need to reduce the greenhouse gas emission

020000400006000080000

100000120000140000160000

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000

Car

bon

emis

sion

s (k

t)

CO2 DATAFR. XLS

Gas12%Coal

Hydro+biomass

7%

Oil38%

Nuclear37%

6%

French Energy Mix - Primaryenergy repartition

Pick oil estimation – reduction of the hydrocarbon reserves

Transports60%

Industrie15%

Habitat & tertiaire25 % Transports

60%

Industrie15%

Habitat & tertiaire25 %

Distribution of oil consumption in France Transport is the main source of CO2

emission

Charbon

Pétrole

Gaz

Nucléaire

1850 1900 1950 2000 2050

Biomasse (bois)10%

50%

90%

99%

RESERVES / CONSOMMATION

Charbon

Pétrole

Gaz

Nucléaire

1850 1900 1950 2000 2050

Biomasse (bois)10%

50%

90%

99%

Charbon

Pétrole

Gaz

Nucléaire

1850 1900 1950 2000 2050

Biomasse (bois)10%

50%

90%

99%

RESERVES / CONSOMMATION

Need to reduce the greenhouse gas emission

020000400006000080000

100000120000140000160000

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000

Car

bon

emis

sion

s (k

t)

CO2 DATAFR. XLS

Gas12%Coal

Hydro+biomass

7%

Oil38%

Nuclear37%

6% Gas12%Coal

Hydro+biomass

7%

Oil38%

Nuclear37%

6%

French Energy Mix - Primaryenergy repartition

Develop Hydrogen Economy for transport is one priority in France

4An Overview of the CEA Road-map for Hydrogen ProductionNEA H2 meeting – 2005, 5th 7th October

Favorite the processes

• High efficiency processes (high temperature)• Low costs technologies

Free of greenhouse gas emissionsCompetitive

‘s strategy guided by criteria of Sustainable Development

Phase 1Carbon Content

Processes

Phase 1Carbon Content

Processes

Phase 2Fossils &

Sequestration

Phase 2Fossils &

Sequestration

Phase 3

Clean Energy

Phase 3

Clean Energy

Phase 4Sustainable

Development

Phase 4Sustainable

Development

2000 2015 2030 2045 2060

Phase 1Carbon Content

Processes

Phase 1Carbon Content

Processes

Phase 2Fossils &

Sequestration

Phase 2Fossils &

Sequestration

Phase 3

Clean Energy

Phase 3

Clean Energy

Phase 4Sustainable

Development

Phase 4Sustainable

Development

2000 2015 2030 2045 2060

H2 Production starting fromhydrocarbons

• H2 Production starting from hydrocarbons H2 with CO2 sequestration

• Delocalized production by renewable energies

• H2 massive production by solar furnaces• H2 massive production by nuclear plants

(Gén IV)

• H2 prod. by renewableenergy (solar, geoth, ..)

• H2 massive production by fusion & fission nuclear

R&D

Demonstration

Strategy for sustainableH2 production

H2 Production starting fromhydrocarbons

• H2 Production starting from hydrocarbons H2 with CO2 sequestration

• Delocalized production by renewable energies

• H2 massive production by solar furnaces• H2 massive production by nuclear plants

( Gén IV)

• H2 prod. by renewableenergy (solar, geoth, ..)

• H2 massive production by fusion & fission nuclear

R&D

Demonstration

Strategy for sustainableH2 production

Allowing to meet the needs for transport (massive production) Ensuring energy independency

5An Overview of the CEA Road-map for Hydrogen ProductionNEA H2 meeting – 2005, 5th 7th October

Water splitting with clean and low cost energy

Eau

Water

Source thermique

propreet bon marché

Clean andLow costelectricity

Clean andLow costThermal source

geothermic nuclear

HT solar

The Long Term Routes for Massive Hydrogen Production

6An Overview of the CEA Road-map for Hydrogen ProductionNEA H2 meeting – 2005, 5th 7th October

High temperatureElectrolysis

Thermochemical cycles

Non massive process

Biomass

Iodine Sulfur cycle

Westinghouse cycle

HTE

UT-3 cycle and other alternatives cycles

Ferrite Redox Cycle - Ceria Redox Cycle

Biofuel production

Hydrogen by biomass

H2 Production – the ways evaluated by CEA

Nucl

ear

Sola

r HT

Geot

herm

yBi

omas

s

PPPP

P C P

P

Photo Electrochemistry

Plasma water splitting

2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Bioprocesses

Cycle Iode Soufre CC

- -

--

-

-

**

*

*

*

-

Cycle Westinghouse

HTE

7An Overview of the CEA Road-map for Hydrogen ProductionNEA H2 meeting – 2005, 5th 7th October

US DOEGA+SNL+

U of Kentucky

CEA

Japan Jaeri

2000 2005 2010 2015

INERI 1

INERI CEA

Bunsen

HI

H2SO4evaluation

IS

Demonstration loop100 m3/h

Demonstration loopHYPRO 100 m3/h

PrototypeCoupled withVHTR GenIV10 000 m3/h

« NGNP » 20175000 m3/h

HI

materials

technologydemonstration

loop30 m3/h

HTTR connection1000 m3/h

FlowsheetSI data

FlowsheetSI data

HI membranesmaterials

INERI loop100 l/h

1 KW thermal = 100l/h Hydrogen

IS Cycle – A generation IV cooperative program

Lab loop 50 l/h

CEA

mod

ular

lab

loop

100

l/h

8An Overview of the CEA Road-map for Hydrogen ProductionNEA H2 meeting – 2005, 5th 7th October

ELYOHT 1ELYOHT 1Basic researches / Design parametric studies – thermic, fluidic, thermomechanic modeling & experiments / Material parametric studies – elaboration, process (shaping & welding), corrosion, reliability

ELYOHT 2ELYOHT 2H2

Intermediate power electrolyser (5 kW)System approach in coupling with a geothermal sourceComparative evaluation with alkaline electrolysis

ELYOHT 3ELYOHT 3 SSHH22SSHH22SSHH22

1 MW power electrolyserSystem approach in coupling with nuclear or HT solar source

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

High Temperature Electrolysis – ELY HT program

9An Overview of the CEA Road-map for Hydrogen ProductionNEA H2 meeting – 2005, 5th 7th October

Why and How compare these different processes ?

These processes are long term and not well known processes !So, today we have to compare the different technologies to decide on which we have to concentrate our R&D efforts !

In the first steps, More we work….Worse it is !So we have to compare at the same knowledge step level

Time and effort of knowledge acquirement

100%

0%

Theorical efficiency

First approach Energetic efficiency More precise Flowsheet

Exergetic efficiency

system and components OptimizationTarget efficiency

Time and effort of knowledge acquirement

100%

0%

Theorical efficiency

First approach Energetic efficiency More precise Flowsheet

Exergetic efficiency

system and components OptimizationTarget efficiency

Time and effort of knowledge acquirement

100 $/kg

1 $/kgInitial

Energetic analysis

Exergetic Flowsheet

Loga

rithm

ic s

cale

Time and effort of knowledge acquirement

100 $/kg

1 $/kgInitial

Energetic analysis

Exergetic Flowsheet

Loga

rithm

ic s

cale

10An Overview of the CEA Road-map for Hydrogen ProductionNEA H2 meeting – 2005, 5th 7th October

A convergent point for all processes – the 1 MW th test2003 2006 2009 2012

Conceptual Approach

Physical basis

1st Technical &Socio-technico-ecp

AnalysisFlow sheets

Technological development

Laboratory scale….…bigger scales

Large scaleTests &

demonstrations

IS Cycle

Westinghouse

UT3

Redox cycles

alternatives

HTE

HH22

1st e

valu

atio

npo

int

11An Overview of the CEA Road-map for Hydrogen ProductionNEA H2 meeting – 2005, 5th 7th October

High Temperature Processes for CO2 free massive Hydrogen Production Processes

SUStainable HYdrogen PROduction

HH22

usHyProusHyPro

An European Facility to test HT processes by solar & nuclear

12An Overview of the CEA Road-map for Hydrogen ProductionNEA H2 meeting – 2005, 5th 7th October

Schematic Road Map

IS flowsheet & exp loops

Hybrid sulfur flowsheet & analys.

Alternative cycles flow.

EHT develop & flowsheet

Other processes

2008 20121st Milestone

Evaluation of TC cycles (flowheet analysis)

2nd Milestone1 MWth evaluation

HH22

13An Overview of the CEA Road-map for Hydrogen ProductionNEA H2 meeting – 2005, 5th 7th October

Thank you for your attention

OxygenOxygen

½ O2

2 HI + H2SO4

I2 + 2 H2O + SO2

½ O2

SO2 + 2 H2OH2SO4

WaterWater

H2O

HydrogenHydrogen

H2

HeatHeatNuclearSolar…

S

2 HIH2

I2

I

+

OxygenOxygen

½ O2

OxygenOxygène

½ O2

2 HI + H2SO4

I2 + 2 H2O + SO2

½ O2

SO2 + H2OH2SO4

WaterEau

H2OH2O

HydrogenHydrogène

H2

HeatChaleurNucléaireSolaire…

BoucleSoufre

2 HIH2

I2

IBoucle

Iode

+

OxygenOxygen

½ O2

OxygenOxygen

½ O2

2 HI + H2SO4

I2 + 2 H2O + SO2

½ O2

SO2 + 2 H2OH2SO4

WaterWater

H2OH2O

HydrogenHydrogen

H2

HeatHeatNuclearSolar…

S

2 HIH2

I2

I

+

OxygenOxygen

½ O2

OxygenOxygène

½ O2

2 HI + H2SO4

I2 + 2 H2O + SO2

½ O2

SO2 + H2OH2SO4

WaterEau

H2OH2O

HydrogenHydrogène

H2

HeatChaleurNucléaireSolaire…

BoucleSoufre

2 HIH2

I2

IBoucle

Iode

+

Materials

Applications Safety & social acceptance

Productionprocesses