an overview of lithuanian agriculture. the structure of farmers end of the 19th century –...
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AN OVERVIEW OF LITHUANIAN AGRICULTURE
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The structure of farmers
End of the 19th century – beginning of the 20th century
75 % of the population – peasants. They possessed 50 % of the land
4 % of the population – landlords. They owned 36 % of the land.
Merchant, craftsmen and the church owned 14 % of the land.
1/3 of the peasants were landless or had very small holdings.
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The structure of farmers
1918-1939
The land of landlords was expropriated leaving them only at 80-150 ha
720 thous. ha of expropriated land was divided among 100 thous. of the landless
They had to redeem the land in 36 years.
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The structure of farmers
1940-1989
In 1941 the first „kolchoz“ appeared In 1941 started mass deportations (on 14 June were
deported 1600 farmers) At that time there were 390 thous. farmers (average holding 8,5 ha)
In 1951 there were 3000 collective farms (their aver. area -1340 ha), in 1960 – 1900 collective farms (their aver. area -1990 ha)
In 1989 – 830 collective farms (their aver. area -3930 ha) Collective farmers owned up to 0,6 ha
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The structure of farmers
Since 1990
In 1993 there were 6000 agricultural companies 500 thous. farmers.
In 2000 - 2300 agricultural companies
400 thous. farmers
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The structure of agricultural land
The area of agricultural land – 4 mill. ha (61 %)
The area of agricultural crops – 3,4 mill. ha(53 %)
Including arable land – 2,9 mill. ha (85 %
of the country‘s territory)
Meadows, pastureland – 0,45 mill. ha
(13,5 % from the crops area)
Gardens – 0,04 mill. ha
(1,3 % from the crops area)
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Land quality classification started in 1926
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Changes in crop areas, thous. ha
Crops Year
1939 1950 1970 1990 2005
Grain crops 1687 1493 856 1084 885
Including rye 567 504 159 168 60
Wheat 207 186 130 346 283
Barley 222 109 437 398 296
Oats 380 373 53 77 48
LegumesNo data 124 59 82 21
Flax 86 76 54 23 10
Beet roots 9 26 26 21 26
Potatoes 203 225 174 112 93
Maize - - 84 78 14
Rapes - - - 11 67
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Crop yield t/haCrops
Year
1985 1990 2000 2005
Grain crops 2,50 3,01 2,68 3,03
Including rye
2,14 2,80 2,34 2,46
Wheat 2,77 3,39 3,56 3,61
Barley 2,62 2,99 2,43 2,93
Oats 2,10 2,53 1,87 2,37
Legumes 2,31 2,44 1,84 2,32
Flax 0,42 0,44 0,83 0,54
Beet roots 27 28 32 38
Potatoes 14 14 16 15
Maize 31 28 28 28
Rapes - 2,2 2,2 1,8
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Stockbreeding production thous. t
ProductionYear
1939 1945 1950 1970 1990
Meat180 110 190 390 530
Dairy products 1240 710 850 2490 3160
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The structure of vegetables
Year 1935
Cabbage - 37 %
Beans - 17 %
Beetroots - 16 %
Carrots - 14 %
Onions - 10 %
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The structure of vegetables
Year 1980
Cabbbage - 25 %
Green peas - 18 %
Carrots - 16 %
Beetroots - 15 %
Cucumbers - 10 %
Onions - 4 %
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The structure of fruit trees
Year 1930
Apple trees - 42 %
Cherry trees - 36 %
Pear treesd - 11 %
Plum trees - 11 %
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The structure of fruit trees
At present
Gardens occupy 38 thous. ha
They produce 1 % of agricultural production. Prevail apple trees. 80 % of berry production comprise currents and strawberries
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Amelioration (applying drainage) thous. ha
In 1925 - 0,1In 1930 - 1,2In 1935 - 5,7In 1940 - 4,9In 1950 - 0,9In 1960 - 156In 1980 - 490In 1990 - 180
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Mechanization in agricultural sector
Up to the middle of the 20th century - horses
In 1920 tractors started to be used
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Number of tractors in agricultural sector
In 1945 - 340
In 1950 - 3250
In 1955 - 8600
In 1990 - 73000
In 2002 - 111000
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Significance of agricultural sector in the economy of the
country
Year 2003
GDP - 56 mlrd. Lt
Share of agricultural production within GDP - 4,1 mlrd. Lt (7,3 %)