an orientation to the human body. human biology it is the structural, functional, behavioral basis...
TRANSCRIPT
Human Biology
• It is the structural, functional, behavioral basis of the human organisms’ ability to adapt to and survive in its environment.
NECESSARY LIFE FUNCTIONS
• Maintain boundaries –
• Movement
• Process of metabolism
• Maintain homeostasis
• Reproduction
• Responsiveness/irritability
• Growth
TRUE FOR:
• Unicellular• Made up of one cell• Example – ameba, • Maintain boundaries –
cell membrane
• Multicellular• Made up of many cells• Example – humans• Maintain boundaries –
skin• Must maintain
homeostasis for single cell as well as for organism
ORGANIZATION OF HUMAN BODY
• Cell• Tissues• Organ• Organ system• Organism• Population• Community• Ecosystem/biome• biosphere
FEEDBACK SYSTEM
• Feedback system is a cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is continually monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, reevaluated continuously.
HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCE
• Most diseases are a result of disturbances in the body’s homeostasis
• Efficiency decreases with age
ANATOMY
• Study of structure and shape of the body and body parts and their relationship to each other
• Gross anatomy – study of large observable structures
• Microscopic anatomy – study of structures that require a microscope to been seen
Terms
• Disorder• Disease• Symptom• Signs• Pathology• Epidemiology• Pharmacology• diagnosis
• Infectious disease• Pathogens• Local disease• Systemic disease
REGIONAL TERMS
• Anterior body landmarks – toward / at front of body
• Posterior body landmarks – toward / at back of body
Dorsal cavity
2 divisions that are continuous with each other
1. Cranial – space for brain
2. Spinal cavity – space for spinal cord
Foramen magnum – opening at base of brain
allows for spinal cord to connect with brain
Ventral cavity
• 1. Thoracic cavity – separated from rest of ventral cavity by diaphragm
surrounded by ribs houses heart, lungs2. Abdominopelvic a. abdominal – superior cavity houses stomach, liver, intestinesb. Pelvic – inferior cavity houses reproductive organs, bladder, rectum
9 regions of abdominopelvic
• Right hypochondriac region• Left hypochondriac region• Right lumbar region• Left lumbar region• Right iliac region• Left iliac region• Epigastric region• Umbilical region• Hypogastric region
CRANIAL CAVITIES
• Sphenodial sinus
• Frontal sinus
• Orbital cavity
• Nasal cavity
• Oral cavity
• Middle ear cavity
• Cranial cavity
Medical imaging
• Bombards the body with energy to reveal structures of internal organs, and chemical processes of body
X-RAY
• Oldest
• Visualize hard bony structures
• Locate abnormally dense structures such as tumors and TB nodules
ULTRASOUND
• Sonography
• Equipment is inexpensive
• Uses high frequency sound waves
• So far, no harmful effects on living tissue
• Determines fetal age, position: locating placenta.
CT SCAN
• Computer tomography
• Confines its beam to a thin slice of tissue
• Like a refined version of X-ray
• Eliminated exploratory surgery
• Patient is moved through a doughnut shaped CT machine – tube rotates around bed
PET
• Positron-emission tomography
• it sends images about metabolic processes
• Insights into brain activity (mental illness, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy)
• Uses radioisotopes