an irish bramble foray

An Irish Bramble ForayAuthor(s): Alan NewtonSource: The Irish Naturalists' Journal, Vol. 22, No. 2 (Apr., 1986), pp. 62-67Published by: Irish Naturalists' Journal Ltd.Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25539028 .

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62 Ir. Nat. J. Vol. 22 No. 2 1986

O'Mahony and Mr G. O'Halloran provided help, information and samples in relation to the 1985 bloom.

REFERENCES

Dodge, J. D. (1982) Marine Dinoflagellates of the British Isles. HMSO, London.

Parker, M., Dunne, T. & McArdle, J. (1982) Exceptional marine blooms in Irish Coastal Waters. ICES CM.

1982/L: 44.

Pybus, C, McEvoy, S. & McGrath, D. (1984) Red water caused by Glenodinium foliaceum (Dinophyta) in

Lough Atalia, Co Galway. Ir. Nat. J. 21: 226-228.

-& Pybus, M. J. (1980) An ecological study of Lough Murree, a brackish water lake in County Clare.

Proc. R. Ir. Acad. 80B: 367-384.

Rae, B. B., Johnston, R. & Adams, J. A. (1965) The incidence of dead and dying fish in the Moray Firt^

September 1963. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 45: 29-47.

Reid, P. C. (1972) Dinoflagellate cyst distribution around the British Isles. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 52: 939-944.

Roden, C. M. (1984) The 1980/1981 phytoplankton cycle in the coastal waters off Connemara, Ireland. Estuar.

est. mar. Sci. 18: 485-497.

Wall, D. & Dale, B. (1968) Modern dinoflagellate cysts and the evolution of the Peridiniales.

Micropalaeontology 14: 265-304.

AN IRISH BRAMBLE FORAY Alan Newton

10 the Fairways, Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, CV32 6PR

In 1984 accompanied by my wife I visited Ireland at the request of the Botanical

Society of the British Isles (Irish Branch) to lead two field meetings, hoping to encourage two local flora writers to look more closely at their brambles and to provide some definitive names for Irish plants in Co Dublin and Co Westmeath. Very little interest has been taken in the Irish Rubi for many years but there are signs of a renaissance clearly deserving of

support. With some financial assistance from the Irish Forest and Wildlife Service, the

Botany Department of Trinity College, Dublin and the Praeger Fund of the Royal Irish

Academy, I was able to embark on two circuits, one via Co Wicklow, Co Wexford, Co Carlow to Cashel, thence via Waterford to Co Kerry returning via Limerick, Galway and Connemara to Dublin; the second through Co Longford, Roscommon, Sligo, Leitrim,

Fermanagh, Cavan, Meath and Louth. While in Dublin, in addition to leading the field

meetings, I revised the bramble collections at DBN and TCD and compiled a county list for the new Irish census catalogue being prepared by M. J. P. Scannell and D. M. Synnott.

In the limited time available it was not possible to do more than sample the bramble

vegetation at intervals on the itineraries. Up to five stops per day were made and the bushes

examined, specimens collected and notes kept of definite identifications as well as of bushes which could not be satisfactorily named on the spot. In the Wicklow mountains priority was

given to visits to Nature Reserves notified in advance by the Forest and Wildlife Service. The result is a list of 57 named microspecies (out of a currently accepted total of 73 for

Ireland), several of which caused surprise on first discovery. In order to assist readers who may be unfamiliar with current nomenclature, an

additional reference is given to the name under which a description of the microspecies may be found in Watson, Handbook of the Rubi of Great Britain and Ireland (Cambridge, 1958). If a species has been newly described since, a reference to the place of description is given.

My own determinations of herbarium specimens have been used to supplement personal observations on distribution in the following list.

Bramble Geography I suspect a major bramble boundary running from the Dublin area to the mouth of the

Shannon. South of this line there are florulas with affinities to those of Cornubia and Pembroke (SW of a line from Tralee to Bandon); S Devon and E Cornwall [vcc 4 to 7, and

parts of 8,10 and 11]; S Wales and N Devon [Co Wexford] and E Devon-Dorset [Wicklow, Carlow and part of Kilkenny]). There are pockets of local endemics and the whole area

deserves further detailed research.



Ir. Nat. J. Vol. 22 No. 2 1986 63

It is remarkable that much of this area lies outside the area most intensively glaciated by the last ice-sheet: a similar phenomenon is noticeable in Britain. North of this line the bramble flora is less diversified and local endemics less evident, though there seems to be an

assemblage distinguished by the additional presence of/?. hesperius&ndR. iric us in vcc 16, 27 and 35 and a few occurrences of species characteristic of SW England and SW Wales. Otherwise as one journeys north eastwards several species with "widespread U.K." and NW European distributions become more frequent, while the last of the "Welsh" species penetrates as far as northern Leitrim and just into Donegal, but apparently no further. There are of course some interesting disjunct patterns ?R. altiarcuatus is particularly interesting in this respect with good colonies near Wexford and around Clew Bay (27) but apparently absent elsewhere. There are many questions to be answered about Irish bramble distribution and no doubt many still to be asked.

Endemism in Irish Rubi Most areas visited contained a few local endemics, some of recent origin judging by

inconsistency in leaf and panicle shape, subfertility and liability to felt disease (many belonging to Corylifolii) but occasionally a distinctive evidently ancient unnamed plant as

handsome as any widespread named microspecies was encountered. Such plants appear to be confined to a single district and are therefore previously unremarked or included under "umbrella" names: a good example is a fine pink flowered very prickly plant of Hystrices which occurs in several spots on the N slopes of the Wicklow Mountains and was named

"koehleri" and "hystrix" on Praeger's gatherings in DBN. While this plant has affinities with these microspecies it has noticeable differences from these central European plants and cannot be matched with any British material known to me; it lacks a name.

In the Waterford-Killarney hinterland the ratio of unnamed to named species is high; there is scope for careful investigation of the bramble communities particularly in the

middle and upper reaches of the rivers where the few sites sampled revealed many new

forms unknown to me.

In the windswept Kerry landscape brambles grow well in sheltered valleys but

otherwise cower behind banks usually close to streams and on the drier edges of low boggy

ground; there are many distinctive unnamed species here also, and most of those which can

be named are identical with Cornubia-Pembroke taxa.

Species List

Suberecti P. J. Muell

R. nessensis Hall. Apparently scarce. Old woodland, particularly in sub-montane valleys. NW

Europe R. scissus WCR Wats. Apparently scarce. Heathy margins of moors and bogs. NW Europe. R. plicatus Weihe & Nees

Frequent and widespread. Heathy margins of moors and old woodland. C. & NW Europe. R. vigorosus Muell & Wirtg. (R. affinis). Rare. Heath margins. Only observed in Kerry. Central and

NW Europe. R. briggsianus (Rogers) Rogers (R. holerythrus). Heathy margins and thickets. Only observed in

Kerry. Specimens from Killarney and Kenmare area in DBN. Similarly S-westerly in UK; Cornubia,

Pembroke, Anglesey.

Corylifolii Lindl. R. hebridensis Edees, Watsonia 10:333 (1975). Common and widespread in N half. On railway bank

at Killorglin. Hedges and banks.

R. sublustris Lees. Common and widespread: more frequent in N. Hedges and banks. NW Europe. R. nemorosus Hayne & Willd. (R. balfourianus). Locally frequent. Along upper R. Shannon and L.

Erne; Stradbally (6); near Cavan; near Mullingar. Banks, hedges and thickets mostly on calcareous

soils. Central and NW Europe. R. tuberculatus Bab. (/?. myriacanthus). Local. Waste and disturbed ground in Dublin hinterland.

Railway banks and roadsides.

Sylvatici P. J. Muell.

R. calvatus Lees ex Blox. Apparently scarce. Cavan and Fermanagh. Old woodland margins.

Widespread but thinly scattered in Britain.



64 Ir.Nat.J. Vol. 22 No. 2 1986

R. lindleianus Lees. Apparently local; rare outside Ulster. Fermanagh, Donegal. One plant on old

railway bank at Killorglin. Hedges and banks. Much scarcer in Ireland than in Britain. NW Europe. R. pyramidalis Kaltenb. Widespread and common particularly in S half. Hedges and banks.

Widespread in England north to Staffs, and Yorks.; Wales; W Scotland rare: NW Europe. R. albionis WCR Wats. Often abundant in Wicklow glens and SW to Waterford; around Dublin.

Hedges and banks and old woodland. Particularly frequent in mid-Wales, Somerset and Devon.

R. viridescens (Rogers) TAW Davis, Watsonia 10:77 (1974). Rare: only seen at Smerwick (edge of

moor); confined to Pembroke and Cornwall in Britain.

R. hesperius Rogers. Irish endemic. Gal way-Donegal, hedges and banks.

Rhamnifolii Focke R. nemoralis P. J. Muell. Common and widespread N of a Dublin-Killarney line. Heathy margins of

moors and bogs; hedges and banks. One of the commonest brambles in Ireland as in Britain; NW

Europe. R. subinermoides Druce. Frequent in Wicklow glens and hinterland, absent elsewhere. Old

woodland. A common forest bramble of SE England, W Scotland and Welsh borders.

R. amplificatus Lees. Widespread and common throughout, also on calcareous soils. Hedges and

banks; margins of heath, bog and woodland. Similarly in England N to Cheshire and Yorks. SE

Scotland only. Rare in Wales.

R. incurvatus Bab. Thinly scattered in central Ireland; Howth, Mullingar, Cavan, Termonbarry; also

in Derry. Hedges and banks. Particularly common in N Wales but also reaching E central England and

S Wales. One station in Denmark.

R. iricus Rogers. Irish endemic. Very distinctive and often abundant but confined to the western

seaboard from Kerry to Donegal. I regard Watson's Navan (22) record as doubtful. Hedges, banks,

margins of heaths and woods.

R. riddelsdellii Rilstone. Rare. Only seen at West Cove and near Milltown. BA Miles so determined a

specimen from Bunmahon (6) in CGE. In Britain confined to Cornubia (frequent, often abundant) and

a few stations in Glamorgan, Pembroke and Cardigan. R. polyanthemus Lindeb. Widespread and common except in E and SE. Does not shun the coast.

Hedges and banks; margins of fens and moors. One of the commonest brambles in Ireland, as in

Britain. NW Europe. R. rubritinctus WCR Wats. Local. Kerry; Co Limerick; near Sligo; W Donegal. Hedges and banks.

Markedly westerly in Britain; very common in Cornubia and southern half of Wales. W France.

R. prolongatus Boul. & Letendre ex Corbiere. Rare. Only detected at one station on the edge of a

moor in 6. Originally described from the Cotentin peninsula near Cherbourg, it is frequent in England from Dorset westwards and W and SW Wales, north to Merioneth: W. France.

R. cardiophyllus Muell. & Lefev. Frequent in N half. Hedges and banks. One of the commonest

brambles in England N to Lanes, and Yorks. Coastal and low ground in Wales. NW Europe. R. dumnoniensis Bab. (R. rotundatus p.p.). Westerly as in Britain. Kerry-W Mayo and Waterford

district. Hedges, banks and moor margins. R. altiarcuatus Bart & Riddelsd. (R. rotundatus p.p.). Locally frequent in Wexford and Mayo. I have

seen specimens in DBN from Achill Is., Inishturk and Inishbofin. Hedges and banks. A prominent member of the "Severn Bay florula" in U.K.

Discolor es Gene v.

R. ulmifolius Schott. Abundant in lowlands, particularly on calcareous ground throughout. Hedges and banks, often the sole constituent of these in central and eastern counties. Rarer in shady places. Abundant in Britain on lower ground; coastal only N of Lanes, and Yorks. S Europe and N Africa.

R. lamburnensis Rilstone (R. propinquus p.p.). Local. Kerry-N Tipperary, Waterford. Hedges and

banks. In Britain along S coast from Cornwall-Isle of Wight.

Vestiti Focke.

R. bartonii A. Newton, Watsonia 9:122 (1972). Near Mullingar. Near Boyle. Sligo and Leitrim,

frequent. Just reaching E Donegal. Wood borders hedges and banks. Common in N and Mid-Wales

extending to Cheshire, Staffs., Shropshire and Hereford, with an outlier in Dorset.

R. lanaticaulis Edees and Newton, Watsonia 12:134 (1978) (R. hebecaulis). Widespread and

frequent but rare or absent in NE. Wood borders, occasionally hedges and banks. Wales and Welsh

borders, often abundant in Glos. and Herefordshire woodlands.

R. vestitus Weihe & Nees. Widespread, sometimes in quantity, with pink and white flowered forms.

Often the only bramble present. Favours calcareous soils. Woods, hedges and banks. NW Europe.



Ir. Nat. J. Vol. 22 No. 2 1986 65

R. longus (Rogers & A. Ley) A. Newton, Nat. Wales 14:33 (1974). In some quantity near Wexford

but not seen elsewhere. First found here by E. S. Marshall in 1896. Hedges and banks. Mid and S

Wales to Oxon; N Somerset.

R. adscitus Genev. Only seen near Cronybyrne and Kilkenny. Wood borders. Widespread in

Cornubia but occurring sporadically eastwards to Herts. W France.

Mucronati Watson

R. cinerosiformis Rilstone. Only seen in one place in Co Waterford, but quite unmistakeable.

Confined to Cornubia in Britain.

R. mucronulatus Bor. (R. mucronifer). Only seen at one place in E Donegal but specimens from other

northern counties are in DBN. Mullingar is the most southerly station. From N Warwickshire to NE

Scotland. NW Europe. R. wirralensis A. Newton, Watsonia 8:371 (1971). Scattered throughout but particularly in N half.

Hedges and banks. Abundant in Wirral (Cheshire) and frequent in NW England but occurring sporadically from Islay to N Devon.

Anisacanthi H. E. Weber.

R. dunensis Rogers. Only seen in one hedge bank in Cavan but this is unlikely to be a solitary occurrence. Irish near endemic, common and widespread in Ulster.

R. anisacanthos G. Braun, Herb. Rub. Germ. 89 (1877). Frequent in Donegal and from Cavan

northwards, also at Abbeyfeale (8). Hedges and banks, margins of moors; particularly upland as in

Britain along the Pennine foothills from Derbyshire to Cheviotland. NW Europe. R. dentatifolius (Briggs) WCR Wats. (incl. R. retrodentatus). Widespread and frequent particularly in S half but extending to Cavan, Louth and Leitrim. Hedges and banks, wood margins. Westerly in

Britain and also in W France S to Gascony. A major west European species. R. infestus Weihe ex Boenn. (R. taeniarum). Rare: only in Dublin area and near Inver (35) but

specimens from Londonderry also seen in MANCH. Hedges and banks: northwards from Derbyshire in Britain. NW Europe.

R. adenanthoides A. Newton, Watsonia 8: 374 (1971) (R. pseudadenanthus). Often abundant in N

half with outliers in Limerick. Margins of moors, hedges and banks particularly at higher elevations; not shunning calcareous soils. W England from Shropshire to Cumbria; Durham and Northumberland

abundant; outliers in central Scotland and Oxford.

Radulae Focke

R. radula Weihe ex Boenn. Seen in Donegal and Louth; frequent in N half. Hedges and banks.

Frequent in N and E Britain from Suffolk to Easter Ross, particularly on less acid, better drained soils.

NW Europe. R. echinatus Lindl. Local; Dublin district; specimen from Armagh also seen in OXF. Common in

England N to Cheshire and Lines., N France.

R. echinatoides (Rogers) Dallman. Widespread and frequent in N half; rare elsewhere. Hedges and

banks. Widespread in Britain, particularly in the north.

R.flexuosus Muell. & Lefev. Only seen once in Waterford, but specimens also seen from Rathmore

(2). Apparently scarce. Widespread and often frequent in woods in S England and NW Europe. R. rubristylus WCR Wats. Locally frequent: Dublin area, Knock Drin (Mullingar) specimens also

seen from Aghaderg (38). Hedges, banks, and wood borders. Locally frequent in Cheshire, Staffs.

and Salop. R. fuscicaulis Edees, Watsonia 13:32 (1980). A colony of this frequent S England and Welsh border woodland plant was found near Boyle (25). R. longithyrsiger Lees ex Bak. Scattered in S half; commonest in Kerry. Woods and wood borders.

Common in Cornubia and Welsh borders but extending to S Hants., W Kent and N Wales.

R. rufescens Muell. & Lefev. Only seen in wooded Wicklow glens. Widespread and often abundant in

woods of S England and Welsh borders N to Cheshire. Outliers in W Lanes, and Westerness.

Belgium, N and W France.

Apiculati Focke.

R. micans Gren & Godr. (R. apiculatusp.p.). Widespread from Wicklow glens to Waterford and SW

to Kerry. Wood margins, hedges and banks. A major plant of central and S England to Somerset. N

and W France.

R. raduloides (Rogers) Sudre. Only seen in a hedge near Termonbarry; apparently scarce.

Widespread in Britain and NW Europe usually on less acid soils.



66 Ir. Nat. J. Vol. 22 No. 2 1986

R. melanodermis Focke. Frequent in Wicklow glens and near Wexford, otherwise scarce. Wood

margins, hedges and banks. Dorset, Devon and Glamorgan. R. aequalidens A. Newton, Nat. Wales 14:27 (1971) (/?. nigricatus). Frequent near Wexford where

first found by E. S. Marshall as R. hirtus var. rubiginosus. Hedges and banks. In Britain only in S

Wales.

Hystrices Focke.

R. hylocharis WCR Wats. Apparently rare. Only seen in one place in Westmeath and another in W

Donegal. Wood margins. Widespread, often frequent in Britain from Devon to Cumbria and in E

Norfolk.

R. dasyphyllus (Rogers) E. S. Marshall. Rogers called this the "most abundant glandular bramble in

N Ireland as in N England". It is certainly common N of the Limerick-Dublin line and was also seen

near Wexford. Widespread and often abundant in U.K. north to S Scotland with outliers in Glasgow area and on Moray Firth. Scarce in W Germany.

Glandulosi P. J. Muell.

R. scaber Weihe & Nees. Seen in Connemara and near Sligo, remarkable occurrences for this

predominantly S England and NW European species, also in W France.

Corylifolii. Unnamed members of this group ?

putative hybrids of/?, caesius and other brambles

occur particularly in lower damper ground and on calcareous soils. They are common and widespread in such areas and so polymorphous that naming, except as an aggregate, would be invidious.

Appendix 1

Sites of Rubus observations vc Grid Sites of Rubus observations vc Grid

ref ref 1. Bray Head 20 02717 22. nr Brides well 7 miles W of

2. Glen of the Downs 20 O2610 Athlone 25 M94 3. Deputy's Pass 20 T2390 23. Knock Drin N of Mullingar 22 N45 4. Cronybyrne 20 T1891 24. Crooked Wood N of 5. along Nil NE of Ferns 12 T05 Mullingar 22 N45 6. nr Rossderit Ho. N79 12 S9036 25. Kelly's Glen 21 O0822 7. nrGalbally alongL127 12 S9329 26. side of N7W of Termonbarry 25 N08 8. Ballykeefe Wood 11 S4151 27. side of N4 28 G7218 9. edge of moors Cas Dodard 28. NE of Boyle 25 G8004

Farm 6 S0305 29. near Price's (Flynn's) Lake 29 G9609 10. along N72 3 W29 30. nr Belvoir 28 G7233 11. near Killorglin 2 V7796 31. old rd 1 mile N Ballyshannon 34 G8862 12. below 3 Sister's Head 32. old rd 2Vi miles E Dunkin

Smerwick 1 Q3408 eely 35 G7876 13. S of L. Caragh 1 V7088 33. Old rly bridge N Milltown 35 G7477 14. West Cove 1 V5759 34. 1 m N Ardara 35 G7391 15. N of Abbeyfeale 8 R1427 35. W of Gweebarra Bridge 35 G7898 16. Sof Owenbrin River 27 M0562 36. Inishmore Bridge 33 H23 17. Ashford Castle Grounds 26 M1555 37. Castle Hamilton Wood 30 H30 18. near Toombeola 16 L7644 38. On L24 4 miles E Stracone 30 H50 19. N of Clifden 16 L6551 39. On L24 2 miles SE of Kings

20. Renvyle 16 L6463 court 22 N89 21. Kylemore Lough 16 L7558 40. Grangebellew-Clogherhead 31 018

Numbers in the following list relate to the foregoing site list; additional 10km squares are also given for other observations.

Suberecti Corylifolii R. nessensis 24 R. hebridensis 11, 31, 32, 34, 35, 39, 40,

R. scissus 26 also G78

R. plicatus 16, 24 R. sublustris 25, 32, 40, also G87

R. vigorosus 12 R. nemorosus 17, 29, 36, 37

R. briggsianus 14 R. tuberculatus 1, 2, 5, 23



Ir. Nat. J. Vol. 22 No. 2 1986 67

Sylvatici Vestiti (cont.) R. calvatus 37 R. vestitus 2, 7, 8, 17, 26, 28, also

R. lindleianus 11, 32, 33, 35, 36 M54, N43 R. pyramidalis 1, 6, 10, 11, 16, 18, 23, 28 R- longus 5, 7

also M60 R- adscitus 4, 8

R. albionis 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 25, 39, also 023 Mucronati

R. viridescens 12 R. cinerosiformis 9 R. hesperius 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 also R. mucronulatus H06

B70, B82, G73 R. wirralensis 18, 28, also 015

Rhamnifolii Anisacanthi R. nemoralis 10, 14, 15, 16, 19, 26, 33, R. dunensis 38

34, 35, 38, also B70, B82, R. anisacanthos 15, 34, 38, also G78, 87,

G62, G67, H06 H06 R. subinermoides 2, 3, 6, 8, 25 R. dentatifolius 5, 7, 9, 25, 29, 38, 40 R. amplificatus 6, 7, 22,24, 25,26,27, 28, R. infestus 1, 25, also G87

30, 32, 36, 37, 40, also R. adenanthoides 15, 19, 22, 27, 28, 31, 32,

M60, 023, R87 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, also R. incurvatus 3, 23, 24, 26, 38, also 023 G62, G69, G74, G78, G83, R. iricus 10, 11, 16, 17, 18, 19,20, H06, M54, M80

21, 34, 35alsoB82, G78, M05, M16, Q71, Q80, V58 Radulae

R. riddelsdellii 14,33 R. radula 31, 40, also G69 R. polyanthemus 9, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, R ecninatus Q15

21, 22, 27, 30, 31, 33, 34, R ecninatoides 23, 25, 27, 31 35, 36, also B70, G67, R.flexuosus 9

G69, G78, G87, M05, O30 R rubristylus \, 23, also 023 R. rubritinctus 13,33,alsoG73,G87, V79 R fuscicaulis 28 f R. prolongatus 9 R Aongithyrsiger 3,29 R. cardiophyllus 16, 18, 19, 20, 23, 28, also R rufescens 3 4 25

G62 ' J

R. dumnoniensis 13, 15, 18, 20, 21, also Apiculati G73, V58, V76 /

, . ., __.. D , . -ii/: R- raduloides N04

R. altiarcuatus 7, 16 D _ n ~Q CA1 _._0 R. micans 8, 9, 38, also S01, V58

~. , R. melanodermis 2, 3, 4, 7, also V58 Discolores n ... e

R. aequalidens 5 R. ulmifolius 1,5,11,16,17,22,25,26,

27,31,35,36,37,39,40, Hystrices alsoG69, G74,G84, M80, _ , , , . _ ^

M4- ??: R. hylocnaris 23, 35

p / u o i dot * dasyphyllus 1, 2, 7, 15, 25,27, 28, 29, R. lamburnensis 9, also R87

Jr J ' ' ' n' ~nA V,n^ 31, 38, 39, also G74, H06

Vestiti Glandulosi

R. scaber 18, 30 R. bartonii 23, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, also

G74, G83, G84, H06 Corylifolii R. lanaticaulis 1,3,13,19,24,30,32, 33, (unnamed) 8, 17, 22, 23, 26, 39, 40,

37, 39, also G62, G67, ^ M54 G69,G74,G84,M80,S01, V58



an irish bramble foray

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