an introduction to the social relations model david a. kenny
TRANSCRIPT
An Introduction to the Social Relations Model
David A. Kenny
What is the SRM?• model for dyadic measurements
• componential model
• normally dyadic data are ordered such that Xij not necessarily equal to Xji
• focus on random not fixed effects
• allowance for nonindependence
• non-sequential model
Free Webinar
http://davidakenny.net/webinars/Dyad/SRM/Introduction/Introduction.html
4
Social Relations Model: Components of Perceptions
Bob
Steve
Sue
Ann
5
Social Relations Model: Components of Perceptions
Bob
Steve
Sue
Ann
Bob is friendly
6
Bob
Steve
Sue
Ann
Social Relations Model: Components of Perceptions
Everyone is friendly
Perceiver effect
7
Social Relations Model: Components of Perceptions
Bob
Steve
Sue
Ann
Bob is friendly
Bob is friendly
Bob is friendly
Target effect
Hi!! I’m Bob. What’s your
name?
8
Bob
Steve
Sue
Ann
Bob looks like friendly to me.
Social Relations Model: Components of Perceptions
Relationship effect
The Two Persons
Social Relations Model: Rating
How Friendly Dave Sees Tom
Actor: How friendly Dave sees others in general.
Partner: How friendly is Tom seen by others in general.
Relationship: How much Dave believes that Tom is especially friendly.
Social Relations Model: Liking
How Much Dave Likes Tom
Actor: How much Dave likes others in general.
Partner: How much Tom is liked by others in general.
Relationship: How much Dave particularly likes Tom.
Social Relations Model: Behavior
How Much Dave Gazes at Tom
Actor: How much Dave gazes at others in general.
Partner: How much Tom is gazed at by others in general.
Relationship: How much Dave particularly gazes at Tom.
Like Two-Way ANOVA
Actor: The “main effect” of the responder.
Partner: The “main effect” of the other.
Relationship: The interaction of actor and partner with the main effects removed.
Focus on Variance
We could estimate particular actor, partner, and relationship effects: For example, Dave’s actor effect.
Within the SRM the focus in not on a particular effect but on the variance in effects.
Other TermsArea Actor PartnerPerson Perception Perceiver TargetNonverbal Receiver Sender
Decoder EncoderPersuasion Receiver SourceAggression Perpetrator VictimSport’s Score Offense Defense
Variance vs. EffectActor Variance
Definition: How different people are people in their actor effects.Actor Effect
Definition: How different a given person’s in how he or she generally responds to others.Example
There is not a lot of actor variance in liking; Dave has a large actor effect.
Other Possible Units
Animalssharksprimateselephantsmice
Tribes (Brewer & Campbell) or CountriesGroups, Organizations, or Teams
SRM Equation
For actor i with partner j in group k:
Xijk = mk + aik + bjk + gijk
Reciprocity Equations
Xijk = mk + aik + bjk + gijk
Xjik = mk + ajk + bik + gjik
Reciprocity Dyadic
Correlation of relationship effects or between gijk with gjik.
Actor-Partner (Generalized or Individual Reciprocity) Correlation of actor and partner effects or between aik with bik.
Sources of SRM Nonindependence
Actor Partner Dyadic Reciprocity
Actor-Partner Reciprocity
Group as a Source of
Nonindependence Similar Scores for members of the same group
Norms, climate, or environment However, typically the effect of groups
with the exception is one of contrast. Members are see as different from each other.
SRM Example: Liking
Liking Actor Partner
Relat. Error
Friendship .15 .14 .40 .31
Dating .12 .26 .32 .30
Variance Partitioning
LikingActor-Partner(Generalized)
Relationship
(Dyad)
Friendship .12 .58Dating -.42 .13
Reciprocity
SRM Example: Liking
Liking Actor Partner
Relat. Error
Friendship .15 .14 .40 .31
Likeability .10 .14 .31 .45
Variance Partitioning
LikingActor-Partner(Generalized)
Relationship
(Dyad)
Friendship .12 .58Likeability .28 .80
Reciprocity
SRM Example: Leadership
Actor Partner
Relat. Error
Leadership .09 .43 .19 .29
Variance Partitioning
Actor-Partner(Generalized)
Relationship
(Dyad)
Leadership .14 .03
Reciprocity
SRM Published Papers
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
78-83 84-89 90-95 96-01 02-07 08-13
Suggested Readings
Back, M. D., & Kenny D. A. (2010). The Social Relations Model: How to understand dyadic processes. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4, 855-870.
Dyadic Data Analysis, Kenny, Kashy, & Cook, Chapters 8 and 9
http://davidakenny.net/doc/srmbiblio.pdf
The End!