An Introduction to the GRAPPLE Authoring Paradigm & Toolset

Jonathan FossAlexandra Cristea

University of Warwick, UK

The GRAPPLE Framework

The GRAPPLE Framework

The GAT FrameworkLearnerModel

PedagogicalRelations

Course

Domain

GRAPPLE Authoring Tool (GAT)• Separates the challenge of creating an Adaptive Course

into four distinct areas:– Domains (e.g., Astronomy, Finance, etc.)– Pedagogical Relations (prerequisites, etc.)– Learner Models (beginner, int, adv learners; etc.)– Courses (combine above elements)

• GAT provides tools to address each area– Different authors use different tools!– Separate editing views for beginner/ advanced

authors

THE DOMAIN TOOLDefining Concepts

Domain• Structure content into concepts• Relationships defined between concepts

is-composed-of

is-a

Domain: Concepts• Concepts– Name and Description– Resources: URLs to actual content– Properties: Metadata• These can be used for pedagogical purposes

later on in the course tool– E.g., the order of the concepts in the menu

Domain: Relationships• Relationships– Allow the definition of inherent domain

links between concepts– Custom relationships can also be defined– These can be used for pedagogical

purposes later on in the course tool• e.g. “parent” relationship allows the menu to be

structured

Jupiter Planetparent

Domain: Concepts

THE COURSE TOOLCreating a Course

Creating a Course• Author can create a course by using

pedagogical rules and domain concepts• A beginner author has a list of pedagogical

rules to select from

Basic Pedagogical Rules• Rules define the behaviour of the course• For instance G(rapple)-Prerequisite:

States that Planet should be visited before Mars is recommended

Items: Planet

Name: source

Items: Mars

Name: targetG-

Prerequisite

Basic Pedagogical Rules• G(rapple)-Start

• G(rapple)-Layout

Items: Solar SystemName: self

G-Start

Items: Solar System, Planet, StarName: selfG-Layout

States that Solar System should be

shown first

States that Solar System, Planet and

Star should be included in the layout menu for

the course

Basic Pedagogical Rules• There are 12 default pedagogical rules– G-Prerequisite-Parent– G-Knowledge-Update– G-Knowledge-Propagation– G-Knowledge-Propagation-Parent– G-Hide– G-Unhide– G-Visit– G-Quiz

Creating a Course

• Insert pedagogical rules into the course

• Insert concepts into the sockets of the rules

Creating a Course

Creating a Course

CREATING PEDAGOGICAL RULES

Advanced Mode: Defining pedagogies

Creating Pedagogical Rules• Advanced users can use the Pedagogical

Relationship Type tool to define their own rules:

Creating Pedagogical Rules• In the Meta Info tab, authors can add a

comment to describe how the rule behaves

• Parameterscan also be defined

Creating Pedagogical Rules• Adaptation rules can be specified using

GALE code

%target% {#suitability & !`(${%source%#knowledge}>%level%)`}

Creating Pedagogical Rules• Rules can read/write learner model variables

Creating Pedagogical Rules• Constraints can be specified:

Creating Pedagogical Rules• Associating domain relations with this rule

DEMO

Conclusions• GAT divides the authoring challenge into:– Domain– Course– Pedagogical Rules

• Authors can specialize according to their ability and interests

• Tools use simple paradigms, with graphical representations

Conclusions• Come to the Authoring Workshop this

afternoon to get a hands-on experience!

• Thank you for listening

• Any Questions?