an introduction to supplements & common supplements teens take sara oldroyd, ms rd utah state...
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An Introduction to Supplements& Common Supplements Teens
Take
Sara Oldroyd, MS RDUtah State University Extension
An Introduction
How many of you are currently taking a supplement?
Utah is known nationally for its supplement industry Xango Noni Neutracuetical Corp. USANA
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act
Signed Oct 25 1994
Congress’s intent was to meet the concerns of consumers and manufacturers to help ensure that safe and appropriately labeled products remain available to those who want to use them.
Definition, new framework for safety, outline guidelines for literature displayed, claims, ingredients
Congress passed DSHEA in 1994 on the basis of two quite questionable assumptions: that supplements are basically harmless, and that supplement makers are honest.
-Marion Nestle, RD
Unlike drugs, dietary supplements do not have to be proved safe before going on the market, but federal authorities can act to take them off the shelves if they are shown to be unsafe
How To Choose…
Look for standardized supplements (USP) Buy only single-name supplements Beware of claims that sound too good to be
true Be extremely cautious about supplements
manufactured outside of USA Europe is an exception
USP
The distinctive USP Verified Mark represents that USP has rigorously tested and verified the supplement, to assure the following:
1. What's on the label is in fact in the bottle—all the listed ingredients in the declared amount.
2. The supplement does not contain harmful levels of contaminants. 3. The supplement will break down and release ingredients in the body 4. The supplement has been made under good manufacturing practices.
USP is an independent, not-for-profit organization. No other organization in the U.S. that tests supplements is recognized in federal law as the nation's official standard-setting body for medicines and supplements. USP standards are enforceable by the FDA.
Single name supplements
ConsumerLab.com
Brand name
Dose
Amt of Active Ingred
*Subscription needed for full details
Too Good to be True
New Zantrex-3 is serious weight loss... we’re talking about rapid, sustained weight loss and extreme energy, finally together in one power-packed super pill... 5 times more weight loss than the leading ephedrine-based diet pill and all the energy you’ll ever want or need…
day or night.
http://micronutra.com/activive.html?aff=1234&kwgroup=av_energy&utm_source=Google&utm_ad=645098913&utm_medium=PPC&utm_campaign=Activive&utm_term=energy%20supplement&gclid=CI73rbPy2IkCFSNdYQodjUwm3g
Remember…
Supplements not meant to replace foods, but to supplement diet
Use peer-reviewed non-biased scientific trials to determine effectiveness Double blind Placebo controlled
“If it doesn’t have a side effect, it probably doesn’t work.”
Performance Enhancing Supplements
Amino Acid powders/Protein drinks Creatine Anabolic Steriods & Precursors Ephedra
Amino Acids: 21 Million
Amino Acids are building blocks
of proteins Powder form for sport performance/body
building 20 different amino acids, get varying
amounts from protein containing foods Animal products, grains, legumes
Scientific Data
Increases muscle size Weight gain*Must have training along with supplement
Will not make you look like a body builder unless you have type of body to do so.
Increase in calories, be careful
Dosing and Side Effects
Dosing: 1-2 scoops of powder (2-4
Tbsp) before work out, variable upon brand
Usually mix with water or milk*
Usually whey protein
OR
Side Effects: Well-tolerated Stomach cramping,
diarrhea, weight gain
Consider whole foods
Creatine
Phosphocreatine for energy ATP -> Phosphocreatine -> Glucose -> Fat Best used in sports/events needing short bursts
of energy Sprinting Wrestling Shot put
Side effects and use
Side Effects Nausea Cramping Diarrhea Stomach pain
May cause kidney and liver problems
Use Most athletes consume
20-30 g/day, but studies done on athletes using 5 g/day, as the manufacturer recommends
~5% of middle and high schoolers had used creatine
May lead to more dangerous supplement use
Anabolic Steroids
Synthetic form of testosterone Gels Tablets Injections Patches
Build muscle and increase endurance 3 million people use steroids, 1 in 4 started
as teens, 1 in 10 is a teen
Side Effects
Halt bone growth Permanently short
stature Heart damage Liver damage
Boys: Male pattern baldness Acne
Girls: Deep voice Dark facial hair
Steroid precursors
Androstenedione Androstenediol Norandrostenedione Norandrostenediol Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
*All precursors will have similar side effects as anabolic steroids
Ephedra (Ma Huang)
Used by athletes to reduce fatigue, increase mental awareness, and induce weight loss
Weight loss shown when used in combination with caffeine, when used alone results questionable
Side Effects Strokes Seizures Heart Attack
Increase blood pressure
Death
Ephedra
In 2004, Drug Administration banned ephedra
In 2005, Neutraceutical Corporation challenged ban, Utah judge approved due to small doses of ephedra vs. large
Most recent 2007 data show ephedra still banned, except in Utah…
FDA in hard position since it cannot ethically test ephedra’s safety at low dosages. FDA does think ephedra is harmful.
Diet pills
According to a recent study conducted by the University of Michigan, 25% of girls turn to pills when trying to lose weight
In 1992, FDA banned 111
ingredients in over-the-counter
diet products--including amino
acids, cellulose, and grapefruit
extract--after manufacturers
were unable to prove that they worked.
Feeling of fullness
A number of products were also recalled because they posed serious health risks. The products contained guar gum, which supposedly swelled in the stomach to provide a feeling of fullness. However, the swelling from the guar gum caused blockages in the throat and stomach.Cal-Ban 3000, Cal-Lite 1000, Cal-Trim 5000,
Perma Slim, Bodi Trim, Dictol 7 Plus, Medi Thin, Nature's Way, and East Indian Guar Gum
Fat Blockers
Alli, Orlistat, Xenical
Work by inhibiting the lipase enzyme in gut. Without lipase, cannot absorb fats.
Recommended to eat less than 15 g of fat with each meal, or else…
Other weight loss supplements
Hoodia
Green tea extract
Country mallow
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)
Chromium
Bitter orange
No conclusive evidence
Large amounts of caffeine
Contains ephedra
Isn’t likely to reduce total body weight, GI distress
Safe, but unlikely to cause weight loss
Effects similar to ephedra
Resources
National Institute of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements
MayoClinic.com Consumerlab.com