an introduction to sap _abap

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An Introduction to SAP R/3and ABAP/4

The sap system is a collection ofsoftware that performs standardbusiness function. It provides acomplete solution to standard

business requirements. It

incorporates concept of ERPbusiness process planning into anintegrated solution for business

applications.


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What is SAP?

SAP the company was founded inGermany in 1972 by five ex- IBMengineers. Being incorporated inGermany the full name of parentcompany is SAP AG, located inWalldorf , Germany . Worlds Third

largest independent softwareprovider serves more than 10 millionglobal customers worldwide in more

than 120 countries. Now 70 80 %


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REASONS WHY A COMPANYIMPLEMENTS SAP

For better decision making. For strategic planning. For higher system performance.

To gain competitive advantage. To meet key business goals. To gain increased solution flexibility. Enables a company to link its business

functions.Ties together dis-seperate business

processes. Enabling business change. Replacement of an outdated inefficient IT

architecture.


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BENEFITS FROM SAP

Simultaneous visibility across wholeenterprise

Offers good understanding of currentsituation of company

Offers high security and infoconsistency

To choose best marketing strategy

Offers co ordination across the

company


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What is SAP R/3?

SAP (ess aay pee) stands forSystems, Applications and Productsin Data Processing. R/3 meansreal-time three- tier client-serversystem.


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Origin of SAP R/3

The first version of SAP's flagship enterprisesoftware was a financial Accounting systemnamed R/1. This was replaced by R/2 at theend of the 1970s. SAP R/2 was in a

mainframe-based business applicationsoftware suite that was very successful inthe 1980s and early 1990s. It wasparticularly popular with large multinationalEuropean companies who required soft-real-

time business applications, with multi-currency and multi-language capabilitiesbuilt in. With the advent of distributedclientserver computing SAP AG brought outa clientserver version of the software

called SAP R/3.SAP R/3 was officiallylaunched on 6 ul 1992. It was renamed


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What are the different layers inSAP R/3 architecture?


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Presentation layer -in very simple word thisis responsible to convert end user inputdata to application specific language input,that application can understood users

requirement. application layer -where the real execution

of end users input processes. In sap theapplication server after getting the usersrequest collects or brings data from

database server and make process as perthe user specifies.

database layer -where the real data isstored in database. it has own work process

which handles the task related to database.


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Application areas of SAP R/3


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How does SAP R/3 integrate allapplication modules?

Integration of all application modules hasbeen done by R/3 Basis system. The R/3basis system integrate various application

modules in the following manner: It guarantees optimal integration by

providing run time environment. It provides administration tools for entire

system. It provides equilibrium architecturalframework for enhancing the system.

It also provides portability i.e. baseindependence (- works on any operating

systems.) for the complete system.


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What is an ABAP/4?

All application modules are written inSAPs fourth generation languageABAP/4

ABAP stands for Advanced BusinessApplication Programming.It is aprogramming language for

developing applications for the SAPR/3 system.


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What is SAP R/3 landscape?


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Landscape is nothing but thearrangement of servers.

1. Development: It is the serverwhere the consultants do thecustomization as per the company's

requirements.

2. Quality/ Assurance: It is the serverwhere the core team members test

the customization.

3. Production: It is the server where

live data is recorded.


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ABAP Program types

SAP-ABAP supports two types of programs Report Program andDialog Program.

Report Programs are used when large amounts of data needs tobe displayed.

If your ABAP program demands user input, Dialog programming isused.

A user dialog is any form of interaction between the user and theprogram and could be any of the following

Entering data Choosing a menu item Clicking a button Clicking or double clicking an entry

Dialog program is also used when we need to navigate back andforth between screens Dialog programs are created with type as M Module Pool. They

cannot be executed independently and must be attached to atleast one transaction code in which you specify an initial screen.

Diff b t R t


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Difference between Reportand Dialog Programs


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Report Program:

A report is a program that typicallyreads and analyzes data in database

tables without changing the database. Dialog Program:

A dialog program allows you to workinteractively with the system and tochange the contents of the databasetables. Each dialog program has acertain sequence of screens that are

processed by the system one after theother.


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ABAP Report Types

Classical reports : Displaying thewhole data as one list

Interactive reports: Displaying theSummarized Information as the FirstList And Display the detailedinformation as secondary list.

Wh t S i t d


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What are Sap scripts andSmart forms

SAP script is the SAP Systems own text-processing system. It looks and feels a lotlike other leading text-processing systems.It is used to print preformatted text in pre-

formatted forms. Smart Forms are used in SAP to create and

maintain forms for mass printing. The SmartForms offers the following advantages:

Creating and maintaining forms require halfthe time.

Adapting to forms without any programmingtechniques due to GUI.

Web publishing using the generated XML


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Difference between Sap scriptsand Smart forms.

a) Multiple page formats are possible in Smart formswhich is not the case in SAP Scripts

b) It is possible to have a Smart forms without a mainwindow .

c) Labels cannot be created in Smart forms. d) Routines can be written in smart forms tool. e) Smart forms generates a function module when

activated. f) Unlike sap scripts (RSTXSCRP), you cannot

upload/download Smart forms to your local hard disk.

g)sap script is client-dependent, smart form is clientindependent.

h)sap script main window is mandatory, smart formsnot mandatory

i)sap script 99 main windows, smart forms only one

main window j)you can post sap scripts directly to web but this is


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Data transfer techniques inSAP R/3

Batch Data Communication (BDC) BDC works on the principle ofsimulating user input for transactional screen by way of an ABAPprogram. The input comes typically in the form of a text file or flatfile. The ABAP program reads this file and formats the input datascreen by screen into an internal table called BDCDATA. Thetransaction is then started using this internal table as the inputand executed in the background.

When using a Call Transaction, the transactions are triggered atthe time of processing and so the ABAP program must do the errorhandling. It can also be used for real-time interfaces and customerror handling & logging features.

On the other hand, a Batch Input Sessions is where the ABAPprogram creates a session with all the transactional data, and thissession can be viewed, scheduled and processed (usingtransaction SM35 - Batch Input: Session Overview at a later time.

This technique has a built-in error processing mechanism as well. Direct Input (DI) - This type of program works exactly similar to BI

programs except instead of processing screens they validate fieldsand directly load the data into tables using standard functionmodules. This makes Direct Input (DI) programs faster than BDCprograms and are ideal for loading large volumes of data.However, these programs are not available for all applicationareas.

Difference bet een session


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Difference between sessioninput and call transaction

method In Call Transaction method, the ABAP/4

program uses the call transaction using mode update

method.

In Classical or session method, ABAP/4program read the external data that is to be

entered to the SAP system and stores thedata in the batch input session. When the program has finished creating the

session, we can run the session through theTCode SM35. This method involves FM like

BDC_OPEN,BDC_INSERT,BDC_CLOSE


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In Call Transaction, the transactionsare triggered at the time of processingitself and so the ABAP program must do

the error handling. Whereas in Batch Input Sessions, the

ABAPprogram creates a session with all the

transactional data, and this session canbe viewed, scheduled and processed(using

Transaction SM35) at a later time. The

latter technique has a built-in error


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No batch input processing log In CallTransaction.

Detailed Log will be generated for all

the sessions in Batch InputSessions.

In Call Transaction execution starts

from the first. In Batch Input Sessions execution

wont start from the first. It will startfrom the place where it ends with

error.


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Call Transaction faster than sessionmethod

Session Input method is not as fastas call transaction method


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SAP enhancements or UserExits.

User exits allow us to add our ownfunctionality to SAP standard programwithout modifying it. These areimplemented in the form of subroutines

and hence are also known as FORMEXITs.

TYPES OF EXITS: 1) MENU EXITS: 2)FUNCTION EXITS 3)SCREEN EXITS 4)FIELD EXITS


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an introduction to sap _abap

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