an introduction to roof-top solar (technical & financial

An Introduction to Roof-top Solar (Technical & Financial)

Presentation for Customers

Presentation Flow

About Us 2 mins

Solar PV – A Perspective 3 mins

Solar PV System – Working Principle

1. Grid Tied PV System

2. Factors affecting generation

3. Net Metering

12 mins

Solar Energy – System Components

1. Solar Panels

2. Inverter

3. Structural requirements for maximum energy production

10 mins

Solar Energy – Financial Parameters

1. Cost of system

2. Various models for Implementation

7 mins

Wednesday, 23 June 2021 2

AIM

to help you reduce your energy costs

Wednesday, 23 June 2021 About Orgro Energy 3

Save upto 100% on your monthly electricity costs


What we do

• Solar Energy Consulting• Design, Legal, Technology

• Solar roof-top EPC contractor

• Renewable Energy Forecasting solutions provider


About Us

Munjal Savla

• Operations, Legal & Financial expertise

• Multidisciplinary background• (Tech – Policy – Society –

Economics)

BE Mechanical (K.J. Somaiya CoE)

MS Management of Technology (TU Delft, The Netherlands)


Punit Gandhi

• Technical and on-ground Expertise

• Sustainable Energy Background• (Smart-Grids – Rural

Electrification)

B.Tech Mechanical (NIT Surat)

MS Sustainable Energy Technology (TU Delft, The Netherlands)

Solar PV systemWorking Principals


How a Grid Tied Solar PV system works

• DC electricity produced by roof-top solar panels

• DC to AC conversion is done by an inverter

• Energy generated is used to compensate energy consumed from the grid through a ‘net meter’ (optional)


Grid tied Solar PV system


Solar Panel

Inverter

Load

Distribution Board Net meter

Electricity Grid

Flow of

Electricity

Two scenarios

Production < Consumption

(Always)

• No need for energy storage

Production > Consumption

• Some form of energy storage required to extract maximum power


What is net metering?

• A ‘net-meter’ allows you to feed excess production into the grid and consume it later when required

• Consumer is charged only for ‘net’ amount of units consumed. • Net = Units Imported – Units Exported


Solar Panel

Inverter

Load


Electricity Grid

Export to grid

Solar panel electricity production more

than Electricity consumption

Scenario 1


Solar Panel

Inverter

Load


Electricity Grid

Import from grid

Electricity consumption more than Solar

panel electricity production


Scenario 2

Solar Panel

Inverter

Load


Electricity Grid

Import from grid

At night, when electricity production by

solar panel is zero


Scenario 3

Operation and Maintenance

• The panels are cleaned with water and cloth weekly.

• The inverter is dusted (externally) monthly.

• Air circulation is maintained at the place of installation of the Inverter.

Proposed SystemLabor Care Office


System Size

• Proposed System: 850kW

• (Superimpose the panel picture with the site picture)

• Electricity Generation• 850(kW) *1700 (kWh/kW/year)= 1,445,000 kWh/year

Wednesday, 23 June 2021 1700 17

System Components


Index

1) Solar panels connected in series to form

arrays

2) DC Junction Box (Fuse box)

3) DC Isolation Switch with SPD

4) Inverter

5) Solar Meter

6) AC Isolation Switch with SPD

7) Net Meter

8) Maharashtra DiscomLoad

Grid

1

2

3

4

5 6 7 8

SLD for Rooftop SPV Installation

Distribution

Box

Solar Panels

• Most expensive component of the system (60% of the system cost).

• Generally comes with 25 years performance warranty.

• Indian Companies manufacturing PV module• Vikram Solar

• Goldi Green Technologies Pvt Ltd

• Waaree Solar


©Goldigreen

Inverter

• Brain of the system (18% of the system cost)

• Controls frequency and output voltage

• Generally comes with 5 years warranty, though can lasts up to 10-12years.

• Most sold inverters in the market:• Delta

• SMA


©Delta

Structure

• Two types of structure are generally used “Galvanized Iron” or “Aluminium”


Galvanized Iron Aluminium

Heavier structure Lighter structure

Can get corroded after 5-10years

depending on the quality

Corrosion resistance

Maintenance required to keep it corrosion

free

No maintenance required

₹₹₹ ₹₹₹

Remote Monitoring System

• Helps in keeping track of daily production of the SPV system

• Also, helps in tracking if a system is working or not.

• Tracking can be done on Computer and Mobile phones.


©Enphase


• Concrete roof

• Expensive

Flat Roof Type

• Metal Sheet

• Slightly Cheap

Corrugated Roof

• Brittle• Not

Possible

Asbestos

Structure based on roof-type

• Corrugated roof

• 0.5mm thick, Zincalume coated sheet, 15-20kg/m2 roof strength for structure

• 80-100kg/m2 workability strength.

• Solar PV System: 7-8 m2/kWp

• EPDM Washers makes the structure leak proof.


©EcoSoch

Structure based on roof-type

• Flat Concrete roof

• 100-150kg/m2 roof strength for structure

• Parapet wall not higher than 1m (Shading purpose).

• Solar PV System: ~10m2/kWp

• Ballast system to safeguard againstrain leakages.


©Sunlit Future

• 1400kWh generated per kWp per annum• 140 kWh/sqm ---- 14 kWh/sqft

Energy Generation per annum

• 1280kg CO2 emission reduction per kWp• 128kg/sqm ---- 12.8kg/sqft

Carbon Emission Reduction per Annum


• Orientation towards South or east-west

• Optimum solar panel angle approx. 20 deg

• Choose best quality of panels, inverters, structure and electrical BOS for long life of system

• Remote monitoring system is mandatory.

• Roof is structurally strong to bear the weight of the panels

• Shadow doesn’t fall on the panels from 9:00am to 4:00pm (south facing)• Solar Panels should be cleaned once a week with water.


Key-Points

Financials

Cost of Installation & Maintenance


• ₹ 70,000 / kWp* – Approx current cost of installation (MNRE benchmark cost for roof-top systems)

• ₹ 7,000 / sq.m. ---- ₹ 700 /sq.ft.

Cost of Installation

• ₹ 1200 / kWp / annum – Max. Maintenance cost

• ₹ 10 / sq.m. ---- ₹ 1 /sq.ft. per month!

Cost of maintenance

LCOE

• Multiple Financials models for implementation of solar

• Comparisons can be made with the LCOE parameter

• This is the cost of energy (₹/kWh) at which the net-present value of the project is zero, i.e. it represents the effective cost of power production


Three Financial Models

CAPEXOwner

=Operator

=Consumer

Lowest LCOE

OPEXOwner

=Consumer

------------------Operator

Medium LCOE

RESCOOwner

=Operator

----------------Consumer

Highest LCOE

CAPEX Model

• Roof owner = Plant Owner = Operator = Consumer

• Consumer gives EPC contract for roof-top plant.

• Optionally, also gives AMC contract for cleaning and periodic maintenance

++

• Cheapest LCOE

• Complete control over assets

--

• Upfront investment

• Risk of below average performance due to bad contractor


RESCO Model

• Roof owner = Consumer | Plant owner = Operator

• Consumer leases out roof to renewable energy supplier (RES)

• RES builds and operates plant and sells energy to consumer at a per/unit rate

++

• No upfront costs

• No operational costs

--

• Highest LCOE

• Risk of false-reporting of consumption

• Risk of underbidding in tender and thus discovering unsustainable cost


Example : Mumbai Metro

• Line 1: 11.4 km, 12 stations

• 11MW of Non-traction load

• 2.3MW Solar Plant Installed

• 3.2Million kWh/annum

• Solar LCOE: ₹5.1/kWh for 25 years


©Times of India

Cost of Energy from Grid


• Tariff Category – HT XI Monorail/Metro

• Energy Charges:

Year Energy Charge ₹2017 8.46

2018 9.82

2019 10.8

2020 11.28

Total Energy Cost: Energy Charge + wheeling + FAC + taxes

Source: Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd.'s Petition for Final True up of FY 2014-15, Provisional True up for FY 2015-16

and Multi Year Tariff for FY 2016-17 to FY 2019-20 (MERC Case No. 48 of 2016)

CAPEX vs RESCO

• LCOE: ₹ 3.09 / kWh

CAPEX

• LCOE: ₹ 5 / kWh

RESCO


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Savi

ngs

/ M

W (₹

Cro

re)

Accumulated Savngs (RESCO)

Accumulated Savings (CAPEX)

Author’s Calculations


South Facing PV System on Corrugated sheet roof


East-West PV system on corrugated sheet roof


South Facing PV system on a flat roof


East-West System on Flat Roof

Thank YouMake ‘energy’ when the sun shines


Orgro Energy LLPwww.orgroenergy.com

[email protected]

Munjal Savla - +91 9821250764


http://www.orgroenergy.com/

mailto:[email protected]

Extra Slides


Solar PV – A Perspective


Global Scenario

• Global PV Installations have crossed 300GW by end of 2016.

• India is expected to add 8.8GW of Solar in 2017.

• India expected to be third largest Solar Installer in 2017

• 88% of projects in India are Utility Sector projects.


Rooftop Solar Annual Addition


State wise Utility Sector Installation


Cost of Rooftop Solar Plant


Cost of Utility Solar Plants


Different types of Solar PV System

• Grid Tied solar PV system

• Off Grid solar PV system

• Hybrid solar PV system


How an Off Grid Solar PV system works


• Battery is charged with the help of charge controller

• Off grid inverter powers all the appliances


Off Grid Solar PV system


Solar Panel

Inverter

Load

Battery Bank

Charge Controller

How a Hybrid Solar PV system works


• Hybrid inverter decides with its algorithm to charge the battery or to convert it to AC and use it for appliances or export it to the grid


Hybrid Solar PV system


Solar Panel

Hybrid Inverter

Load


Electricity Grid

Flow of

Electricity

Battery

Grid tied Solar PV system


Solar Panel

Inverter

Load


Electricity Grid

Flow of

Electricity

What is net metering?

• If a customer imports more electricity during a month, than a balance amount is paid by the customer.

• If a customer exports more electricity during a month, the balance amount of export is carried forward to the next month.

• Over a financial year, if net export of energy exists, consumer is paid for the same by the distribution company.


Rotterdam Centraal Station, The Netherlands• Roof Area: 28,000m2

• Roof Area covered by Solar: 10,000m2

• Solar Cells: 130,000 cells (BIPV Modules)

• Energy Production: 320MWh/annum


©Arch Daily

Belgium Solar Tunnel

• 2.2 Mile Tunnel

• Roof Area covered by Solar: 50,000m2

• Solar Panels: 16,000 panels

• Energy Production: 3.3MWh/annum


©Inhabitat

Solar Panels Future Technology

• Thin Film Solar Panels• 6.8mm Thick

• 12kg weight

• 17% efficiency


©First Solar - https://youtu.be/DJcsUa-KRwQ

https://youtu.be/DJcsUa-KRwQ

Inverter Future Technology

• Micro Inverter• Each solar panel attached with a

micro inverter

• 25 year warranty

• 5-20% more efficient


©Enphase - https://youtu.be/T_AP9K2UNPI

https://youtu.be/T_AP9K2UNPI

Factors affecting Generation

• Controllable• Amount of Sunlight

• Angle of Sunlight

• Operation and Maintenance

• Not Controllable• Ambient Temperature

• Wind Speed


Solar Panel Shading


Limitations


• Daily variation in generation

• Seasonal variation in generation

Daily Energy Generation


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an introduction to roof-top solar (technical & financial

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