6/8/2017

1

An introduction to our solar system

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svvwv5oAf4I

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2

Some key terms• __________: the branch of science

that studies objects beyond Earth

(outer space)

• _____________: any object in space

(i.e. the moon or sun)

• ______: a massive celestial body composed

of hot gas. We see stars because they are

luminous

• ______: a large celestial body that travels around a star

• ___________: the sun and all the objects that travel around it

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• _________: a celestial object that travels around a planet or dwarf planet in a closed path

• _____: the closed path of a celestial object or satellite as it travels around another celestial object

• _________: a huge, rotating collection of gas, dust, and billions of stars, planets, and other celestial objects

How it all began•NOT…

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•BUT…

• The Big Bang started with a tiny particle smaller than a period (.)

• That tiny particle grew the size of a grapefruit in less ____________. The result was the emission of hot energy that spewed neutrons, protons, and electrons outwards.

•As time went on, the _____________, atoms were formed and _____________began to form.

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5

Evidence of the Big Bang Theory

• Evidence is confirmed from ________________________

idea that some matter fused to form helium, however others remained as hydrogen

• 1965: New Jersey two physicists (Penzias & Wilson) used supersensitive antenna _______________from all directions in the Universe

Interfered with initial radio experiments

• 1989: Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite measured the temperature of background microwave radiation in space ____________________are similar to the temperature of the beginning of the structure in the Universe (imprints were used similar to fossils)

• WMAP (NASA, 2001) – map the radiation in the universe left over after Big Bang

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6

The sun

• The sun is a star with an ___________ but it appears so much bigger and brighter to us because it is relatively close to Earth.

• The sun gives off visible light and other forms of radiant energy that make life on earth possible. This energy consists of electromagnetic waves that travels at the speed of light. These waves are known as…

_______________________

Electromagnetic (EM) radiation

• Energy emitted from matter, consisting of electromagnetic waves that travel at the speed of light

• These forms of radiation are contained in the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum.

• The sun emits radiation across most of the spectrum.

• EM radiation is the driving force behind Earth’s ______________________

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7

Structure of the sun• The sun is made up of many

layers of gas

• The middle of the sun is

known as the core. This is the

_______ part of the sun. At the core, hydrogen nuclei are fused together in a process called

_____________

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• The energy released during nuclear fusion makes its way up through the Sun and into the second layer, the _____________, and the third layer, ______________, where the energy can be seen as light.

•Above the photosphere lies the Sun’s atmosphere called the ________. The corona extends for millions of kms out into space

The Sun’s surface• The sun’s surface is a mixture of

hot liquid called ______. As the hot gases rise out of the sun they cool and sink back into the sun to form sunspots which are _____________areas visible on the Sun’s photosphere. Around sunspots large amounts of gas and particles are released; these are called __________.

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The sun’s effects on earth• The gases from the sun swirl around

in different directions and speeds.

This results in solar storms. These

storms are the cause of __________.

• Earth is surrounded by

1) Many different gases

2) A magnetic field

• The solar winds interact

with these gases and

magnetic field which produces a display of lights in the night sky

This is called the ______________.

(______________)