an introduction to mentoring - ccckyc.edu.hk scheme/peer/mentoring...mentoring adapted by sk lau ....

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AN INTRODUCTION TO MENTORING Adapted by SK Lau

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Page 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO MENTORING - ccckyc.edu.hk Scheme/Peer/mentoring...MENTORING Adapted by SK Lau . WHAT IS MENTORING? Successful mentoring involves having two or more individuals willingly

AN INTRODUCTION TO

MENTORING

Adapted by SK Lau

Page 2: AN INTRODUCTION TO MENTORING - ccckyc.edu.hk Scheme/Peer/mentoring...MENTORING Adapted by SK Lau . WHAT IS MENTORING? Successful mentoring involves having two or more individuals willingly

WHAT IS MENTORING?

Successful mentoring involves having two or more individuals willingly form a mutually respectful, trusting relationship focused on goals that meet the needs and foster the potential of the mentee, while considering the needs of the mentor, and the contexts in which they both have to function.

Kochan (2002)

Page 3: AN INTRODUCTION TO MENTORING - ccckyc.edu.hk Scheme/Peer/mentoring...MENTORING Adapted by SK Lau . WHAT IS MENTORING? Successful mentoring involves having two or more individuals willingly

WHAT IS MENTORING?

[Mentoring is] ….. a dynamic, reciprocal relationship in a work environment between an advanced career incumbent (mentor) and a beginner (protégé) aimed at promoting the career development of both.

Healey and Welchert (1990)

Page 4: AN INTRODUCTION TO MENTORING - ccckyc.edu.hk Scheme/Peer/mentoring...MENTORING Adapted by SK Lau . WHAT IS MENTORING? Successful mentoring involves having two or more individuals willingly

TEACHER INDUCTION

Research suggests that the primary needs of beginning teachers include:

Sustained help in development as a competent person – not screening.

Mentors who are on-site, committed and skilled.

Opportunities to talk with other novice teachers in a setting free of evaluation.

Orientation to the school system, curriculum and community.

Realistic assignments (e.g. the number of preparations, types of classes, and the number of extra-curricular activities)

Reiman & Thies-Sprinthall (1998)

Page 5: AN INTRODUCTION TO MENTORING - ccckyc.edu.hk Scheme/Peer/mentoring...MENTORING Adapted by SK Lau . WHAT IS MENTORING? Successful mentoring involves having two or more individuals willingly

NEEDS OF BTs AND MTs

Sustained help in development as a competent person – not screening.

Support of administration.

Assistance from a clinical teacher who has been prepared for the role.

Education based on currently available curriculum.

Time to work together and plan for growth.

Time to do coaching and to provide sustained support.

Orientation to the school system, curriculum and community.

Opportunities to talk with other mentor teachers.

Reasonable assignment. Reasonable assignment which includes only one novice teacher.

Page 6: AN INTRODUCTION TO MENTORING - ccckyc.edu.hk Scheme/Peer/mentoring...MENTORING Adapted by SK Lau . WHAT IS MENTORING? Successful mentoring involves having two or more individuals willingly

THE CYCLE OF ASSISTANCE

1. Establishing a “helping and trusting” relationship.

2. Planning lessons and units with the teacher.

3. Planning for observation.

4. Observing the instruction.

5. Analyzing the data for important patterns in the teaching process.

6. Planning for the conference.

7. Conferencing to review the classroom event.

8. Renewed planning.

Cogan ( 1973)

Page 7: AN INTRODUCTION TO MENTORING - ccckyc.edu.hk Scheme/Peer/mentoring...MENTORING Adapted by SK Lau . WHAT IS MENTORING? Successful mentoring involves having two or more individuals willingly

THE NOVICE-MENTOR RELATIONSHIP (Andrews 1986)

Laissez-faire (‘swim-or-sink’)

Very limited interaction

Collegial Voluntary informal supervision

Formalized mentor-protege

Contractual relationship

Mandatory competency-based

Emphasises new teacher status and requires participation in competency programme

Self-directed professional

Uses self-directed contract, but can use elements of preceding three

Page 8: AN INTRODUCTION TO MENTORING - ccckyc.edu.hk Scheme/Peer/mentoring...MENTORING Adapted by SK Lau . WHAT IS MENTORING? Successful mentoring involves having two or more individuals willingly

LEVELS OF MENTORING (McIntyre & Hagger 1992)

Zero Involves very general professional expertise not specifically related to needs of new teachers

Minimal Offers practical support in areas like planning skills, classroom practice and organization information about the school

Developed Recognises learning process is complex and becomes involved in strategieslike collaborative teaching

Page 9: AN INTRODUCTION TO MENTORING - ccckyc.edu.hk Scheme/Peer/mentoring...MENTORING Adapted by SK Lau . WHAT IS MENTORING? Successful mentoring involves having two or more individuals willingly

MENTORING RELATIONSHIPS (Elliott and Calderhead 1994)

High

Novices withdraw from the C Novices grow through

mentoring relationship with H development of new

no growth possible A knowledge and images

L

Low L High

SUPPORT E

N

Novice is not encouraged G Novice becomes confirmed

to consider or reflect on E in pre-existing images of

knowledge and images teaching

Low

Page 10: AN INTRODUCTION TO MENTORING - ccckyc.edu.hk Scheme/Peer/mentoring...MENTORING Adapted by SK Lau . WHAT IS MENTORING? Successful mentoring involves having two or more individuals willingly

SUPPORTING BTs

Support sought by beginning teachers:

Technical support

Therapeutic support

Palliative support

Strategic support

BTs solicited support from those persons they deemed to be most appropriate or who were most readily accessible – eclectic pragmatism.

Page 11: AN INTRODUCTION TO MENTORING - ccckyc.edu.hk Scheme/Peer/mentoring...MENTORING Adapted by SK Lau . WHAT IS MENTORING? Successful mentoring involves having two or more individuals willingly

Good supervisory discussions are :

- ones that help a teacher learn; they are positive yet not uncritical, but always motivating.

- interactive, democratic and empowering but loosen the control of the supervisor.

Page 12: AN INTRODUCTION TO MENTORING - ccckyc.edu.hk Scheme/Peer/mentoring...MENTORING Adapted by SK Lau . WHAT IS MENTORING? Successful mentoring involves having two or more individuals willingly

Good supervisory discussions :

- evolve in diverse ways; there is no standard model; processes are person specific.

- may not end up where supervisors think they will.

Page 13: AN INTRODUCTION TO MENTORING - ccckyc.edu.hk Scheme/Peer/mentoring...MENTORING Adapted by SK Lau . WHAT IS MENTORING? Successful mentoring involves having two or more individuals willingly

Good supervisory discussions involve:

- insights that occur unexpectedly.

- risk for all parties both personally and academically as assumptions are challenged.

- a range of views and disagreement.

Page 14: AN INTRODUCTION TO MENTORING - ccckyc.edu.hk Scheme/Peer/mentoring...MENTORING Adapted by SK Lau . WHAT IS MENTORING? Successful mentoring involves having two or more individuals willingly

Good supervisory discussions :

- are open; perfection is impossible.

- are contextually grounded and framed in the teacher’s terms.

- are rational yet involve the emotions; the two are not mutually exclusive