an introduction to financial...
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P r e s e n t a t i o n F o r T r e a s u r e r s
E u r o - A s i a D i v i s i o n
J u l y 1 8 , 2 0 1 3
An Introduction to Financial Analysis
Ann Gibson, PhD, CPA Andrews University
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Financial Statements
Statement of Financial Position:
Reports resources, obligations, and
residual ownership claims
Statement of Financial Activity:
Reports revenues, expenses, gains,
losses for a specific period of time
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Financial Statements
Statement of Changes in Net Assets:
Summarizes activity for each function
and shows net increase or decrease
for the period
Statement of Cash Flows
Reports cash “inflows” and “outflows”
during the period
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Reading the Financial Statements
On the Statement of Financial Position,
Assets are divided into two sections:
Current Assets – which are expected to be
converted into cash or consumed within
one year
Non-current Assets – which are expected to be
held for one year or longer
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Reading the Financial Statements
Liabilities are also divided into two sections:
Current Liabilities – Obligations of the
organization which are expected to be
paid within one year
Other Liabilities – Obligations which are
due sometime beyond one year
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Reading the Financial Statements
Net Assets: The difference between assets and liabilities
Unallocated net assets
Allocated assets
These distinctions are set by the governing committee
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Analyzing the Financial Statements
Step one:
Run your thumb down the current asset side of the operating fund and find the largest number(s).
In this case it is “Accounts Receivable ” and “Investments ”
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Analyzing the Financial Statements
Step two:
Review the numbers in the comparative format, as presented.
In this case, cash is up; investments are up; accounts receivable is up; accounts payable is up; offering and agency accounts are up.
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Analyzing the Financial Statements
Step Three: Ratio analysis
Ratio analysis is the process of comparing the level of different performance results to industry averages and to the organization’s own past performance
It involves the comparison of two numbers on the financial statements and has the advantage of putting large numbers into an easily-understandable perspective
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Analyzing the Financial Statements
Liquidity Ratios: Used to estimate the ability to pay current obligations
Acid Test (or Quick Asset) Ratio
Cash + Investments + Receivables
Current Liabilities
Current Ratio
Current Assets
Current Liabilities
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Analyzing the Financial Statements
Acid Test Ratio for 20X1:
1,702,641 + 8,571,777 + 9,069,178 = 2.18
8,852,959
Acid Test Ratio for 20X0:
1,599,670 + 5,840,869 + 8,042,572 = 2.68
5,781,746
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Analyzing the Financial Statements
Current Ratio for 20X1:
21,018,581 = 2.37
8,852,959
Current Ratio for 20X0:
17,243,606 = 2.98
5,781,746
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Analyzing the Financial Statements
Ratio of Self-Support:
Earned Income (without subsidies)
Total Income (including subsidies)
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Analyzing the Financial Statements
Ratio of Self-Support for 20X1:
7,012,701 = 65.5%
7, 012,701 + 3,698,733
Ratio of Self-Support for 20X0:
6,822,823 = 55.6%
6,822,823 + 5,450,160
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Analyzing the Financial Statements
Ratio of Payroll-Related Expense to Tithe:
Total Payroll-Related Expense
Gross Tithe Income
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Analyzing the Financial Statements
Ratio of Payroll-Related Expense to Tithe: (see note 14)
20X1: 6,409,558 = 72.7%
8,812,178
20X0: 6,867,214 = 82.3%
8,340,228
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Analyzing the Financial Statements
Debt Percentage:
Total Operating Liabilities
Total Operating Net Assets
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Analyzing the Financial Statements
Debt Percentage:
20X1: 12,173,703 = 85.1%
14,303,420
20X0: 8,242,746 = 55.4%
14,870,687*
* 3,280,762 + 3,067,025 + 8,522,900
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Analyzing the Financial Statements
Summary:
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20X1 20X0
Acid Test Ratio Current Ratio
2.18 2.37
2.68 2.98
Ratio of Self- Support
65.5% 55.6%
Ratio of Payroll Expense to Tithe
72.7% 82.3%
Debt Percentage 85.1% 55.4%
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Analyzing the Financial Statements
Rules for data selection for financial analysis:
Measure accounts, balances, or activities for which:
a. The results of analysis would trigger the need for a management decision.
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Analyzing the Financial Statements
b. The decision is not obvious but would be of consequence to the organization.
c. The results can have significant repercussions for constituents, affiliated entities, or financial performance.
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Analyzing the Financial Statements
d. Key management or committee members have expressed a desire to know.
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Analyzing the Financial Statements
Each not-for-profit sector uses its own unique ratios
For example, hospitals analyze their activities on a patient-day or per-bed basis
Educational institutions use a per-student or a per-course basis
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Analyzing the Financial Statements
Statement of Cash Flows provides information on:
The organization’s ability to generate positive future net cash flows
The organization’s ability to meet its obligations
The organization’s need for external financing
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Analyzing the Financial Statements
The Statement of Cash Flows is divided into:
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
When the three sections are totaled the Statement of Cash Flows explains how the beginning cash balance was converted to the end-of-the-period cash balance
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Any Questions?
Thank you! Are there any questions?
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