an introduction to critical thinking in business
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An Introduction to Critical Thinking in Business given on HR.com.TRANSCRIPT
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Increasing Critical Thinking in the Workplace
The Raw Material of 21st Century Success
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Today’s Agenda
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The success of your organization depends on the quality of the thinking and the decisions made by everyone in your business.
Everyone thinks, but few think critically
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Lots of people work hardBut do they accomplish much?
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Meet Jerry, your new salesperson.
Is he…
• Working on the right things?• Asking the right questions?• Making good decisions?
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Meet Pam, your new office manager.
Can she separate…
• Facts• Opinions• Assumptions
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Meet your new storemanagers.
Will they think about…
• Outcomes?• Consequences?• Effective Implementation?
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Critical Thinking DefinedIt is…
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Critical Thinking Impacts Business
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Schlitz Loses Its Lead
Background: In the 1970s, Schlitz, America’s #2 beer,wanted to compete with Budweiser.
Decision: Head of Schlitz Brewing Company, Robert Uhlein, Jr.,decided to cut costs in the ingredients used in the beer and to speed up the brewing process. The brew time went from 40 days to 15. Barley malt was replaced with corn syrup. A foam stabilizer was replaced with a cheaper version.
Impact: Initial profit was good, but the beer tasted terrible and theingredients tended to bond together and sink to the bottom of the can –looking like mucus. A reviewer described it as “snot-ridden beer.” Schlitz finally recalled 10 million cans of beer. By 1981, they shut down their Milwaukee plant, and the following year they were sold. A Milwaukee mayor compared it to the sinking of the Titanic.
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The Beatles Sign With EMIBackground: In December, 1961, Decca Records’ executives Mike Smith and Dick Rowe watched a local rock ‘n’ roll band perform in Liverpool. He invited them to audition on January 1, 1962. The group spent two hours playing 15 different songs. Then they went home and waited for weeks.
Decision: Finally, Rowe told the band’s manager that Decca wasn’t interested. He said: "Not to mince words, Mr. Epstein, but we don’t like your boys’ sound. Groups are out; four-piece groups with guitars particularly are finished.“
Impact: The group, The Beatles, signed with EMI Records, and started a trend back to guitar bands. The rest is history.
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Background: In 1981, Universal Studios called Mars and asked permission to use M&Ms in a new film. This was common practice. The director was looking for cross-promotion – he would use M&Ms, and Mars could help promote the movie.
Decision: The Mars brothers said “no.”
Impact: The film was E.T. The M&Ms were needed for a crucial scene: Elliot, the boy who befriended the alien, uses candy to lure E.T. into his house.
Instead, Hershey’s cut a deal to use a new product called Reese’s Pieces. Initial sales had been light. Sales exploded when E.T. became a top-grossing movie. Hershey’s estimated that they would have had to pay $15-20 million for this level of advertising.
Hershey’s Sees the Light
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A 21st Century Survival Skill
We’ve seen bad judgment bring down business giants Enron, Lehman Brothers and AIG. Every business needs to focus on making the right decisions in a complex, rapidly changing environment – with incomplete and imperfect information.
Critical thinking is a core survival skill.
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A Foundation for Key Management Skills
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Identifying and Developing Good Critical Thinkers
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How Can You Spot Great Talent?
People often appear similar on the surface.
• Similar resume• Similar communication style• Similar upbeat attitude
But how can you predict who will succeed on the job?
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Create Success Profiles Through Assessment
• Assess the critical thinking ability of top performers to create a baseline (e.g., 70th percentile and above)
• Assess jobapplicants and candidates for internal promotion and compare their scores to the baseline
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Watson-Glaser™: The Gold Standard for Critical Thinking Assessment
• In use for over 85 years• “Voluminous research”• Measures critical
thinking ability• Predicts success
in professional roles• Development report provides
custom development plan
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Watson-Glaser Users
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Watson-Glaser Applications
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Watson-Glaser RED Model of Critical Thinking
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RED Model Defined
Recognize Assumptions Assumptions are statements that are implied to be true in the absence of proof.
Evaluate Arguments Arguments are assertions that are intended to persuade someone to believe or act a certain way.
Draw Conclusions Consists of arriving at conclusions that logically follow from the available evidence.
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Recognize Assumptions: the CIA believed• that Cubans would rise up to support the effort• they could successfully overthrow the Cuban government based on past success (Guatemala, 1954)
Evaluate Arguments: Kennedy reviewed the plan with his closest advisors, who supported invasion. When campaigning, he had criticized Eisenhower for not being proactive enough with Cuba, so contrary views were not well represented in the inner circle.
Draw Conclusions: Kennedy ordered the invasion, which was an immediate and costly failure.
Learning: Kennedy changed the way in which he was briefed so that assumptions would be challenged and arguments better evaluated.
RED Model In Action
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The Next Generation: Critical Thinking In Schools and
Early Workforce
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“Everyone agrees that students learn in college, but whether they learn to think is more controversial.”- Wilbert McKeachie
Do Students Have Sufficient Critical Thinking Skills?
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What Employers Say
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We Have a Critical Thinking Deficit
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It’s Also the #1 Skill of Increasing Importance
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Another Survey: Skills “More Important” Now Experienced Workers New Workers
SHRM 2007 Survey
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“I'm calling on our nation's governors and state education chiefs to develop standards and assessments that don't simply measure whether students can fill in a bubble on a test, but whether they possess 21st century skills like problem-solving and critical thinking and entrepreneurship and creativity.”
Changing Education Policy
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Framework for 21st Century Learning
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Critical Thinking Emphasis
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Training People to Think BetterIs it possible?
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Critical thinking is like any other skill (e.g., becoming a good golfer) – it requires practice
But developing critical thinking is more challenging than behavioral skills (e.g., golf) because you can’t easily “see” it
Yes, But Not Without Effort… and Feedback
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“There is substantial evidence to show that critical thinking can be improved, especially when instruction is designed to encourage the transfer of these skills to different situations and different domains.”
Diane Halpern, 2003
Critical Thinking Can Be Learned
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Key Areas for Critical Thinking Training
• Separating fact from opinion• Asking the right questions• Evaluating arguments• Dealing with politics and spin• Exploring alternative POV• Coping with contradiction• Reading carefully• Making decisions under
pressure
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Assess to Develop Skills and a TrainingIntervention
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Trainer Readiness
Are supervisors equipped to evaluate 21st century skills such as critical thinking and adaptability?
Are you currently assessing and developing these foundation skills?
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Pro
du
ctiv
ity
(in
per
cen
t)
025
5075
100
Manager A Manager B
98%
50%
Take a manager making $60,000 per year whose daily decisions impact his/her productivity. If training can move this person from average to superior, the ROI is: $28,000 annually per manager25 managers/professionals = $720,000 annually$2
8k d
iffer
ence
The ROI of Developing Skills
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Critical Thinking Drives Professional SuccessLet It Drive Your Business
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Questions?TalentLens.com/en/watson
ThinkWatson.com
Contact Suzan Ramsey at 210.339.8455 or [email protected] to schedule a demo of the
Watson-Glaser™ II Critical Thinking Appraisal