an introduction to amateur satellites associated radio amateurs of long beach may 5, 2000
DESCRIPTION
An Introduction to Amateur Satellites Associated Radio Amateurs of Long Beach May 5, 2000. AMSAT. Kostas Kitsios, KF6ECO Special Projects Chairman. AMSAT- North America. AMSAT. Presentation Outline. An Overview of the Amateur Satellite Program What is an Amateur Radio Satellite? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
An Introduction to Amateur Satellites
Associated Radio Amateurs of Long BeachMay 5, 2000
An Introduction to Amateur Satellites
Associated Radio Amateurs of Long BeachMay 5, 2000
AMSAT
Kostas Kitsios, KF6ECOSpecial Projects ChairmanAMSAT- North America
®
AMSAT
Presentation Outline
• An Overview of the Amateur Satellite Program
• What is an Amateur Radio Satellite?
• Satellite Tracking
•Sources of Information
AMSAT
Building Satellites ‘on the Cheap’
• AMSAT depends primarily on volunteers
•Only one full time employee (office manager)
•KISS Approach to satellite design - ’home brew’
•Parts donations from corporate sources
•Systems built in garages/basements
•Develop university relationships (Weber State)
AMSAT
International Scope
•Affiliate organizations in other countries
•Cooperation on individual projects
•An organization defines basic spacecraft and interface requirements
•Teams are formed from international ‘pools’ for various systems/subsystems
AMSAT
International Cooperation•Phase 3-D has components from 13 countries
•Russia Propellant Tanks•Japan SCOPE Cameras•UK 2m Xmtr/Aux. Batteries•Finland 10 GHz Xmtr•Czech Republic Receivers•USA Space Frame/GPS/RUDAK•Germany 70 cm Xmtr/LEILA/Project Mgr.•Canada Radiation Testing•Belgium 146/435/2400 MHz Rcvr•Hungary Battery Charger Regulators•Slovenia 21 MHz/5.7 GHz Rcvr•France 1.2 GHz Ant./Test Support-SBS•New Zealand Machine Parts
AMSAT P3D SPACECRAFT
ESA Provided1194V Adaptor
OSCAR 13
Average Man
Microsat
P3D
SBS LaunchStructure
AMSAT
Launch Opportunities• Most Satellites Ride into Orbit as an Extra Passenger on a Government/Commercial Agency’s Booster
•AMSAT has Developed Innovative Designs to make available ‘unusable’ space in launch vehicles
Example: 1990 launch of Microsats on Ariane IV
•AMSAT will Trade Knowledge, Skill, and Manufacturing Capacity for a Reduction/Waiver of Launch Costs
Example: SBS for P3-D on Ariane V
AMSAT
Launch Opportunities
• Take Advantage of Test Launches w/Inherent Uncertainties
Example: Ariane III and Ariane V
• Launch Insurance NOT Normally Purchased
• Cover Risk by duplicating components, such as Spaceframes
AMSAT
OSCAR Program Phases
• Phase I: Low Earth Orbit, short lifetime, primarily beacon-oriented satellites
•OSCARS I-III, Russian Iskra 1-2
• Phase II: Higher Orbits than Phase I (LEO), much longer lifetimes
•Analog: OSCARS 6-8,•Digital: UO-9,11
• Phase III: Highly elliptical Molniya-type orbits offering higher access time, power and more diverse communication transponders
•OSCARS 10, 13, and Phase 3-D
AMSAT
OSCAR Satellite SummarySatellite Launch Service Life
OSCAR-I 12 DEC 61 22 DaysOSCAR-II 2 JUN 62 19 DaysOSCAR-III 9 MAR 65 18 Days for TransponderOSCAR-IV 21 DEC 65 85 Days
OSCAR-5 23 JAN 70 52 DaysOSCAR-6 15 OCT 72 4.5 YearsOSCAR-7 15 NOV 74 6.6 YearsOSCAR-8 5 MAR 78 5.3 Years
UO-9 6 OCT 81 8 YearsAO-10 16 JUN 83 In ServiceUO-11 2 MAR 84 In Service
AMSAT
OSCAR Satellite SummarySatellite Launch Service Life
FO-12 12 AUG 86 5 NOV 89AO-13 15 JUN 88 5 DEC 96
UO-14 22 JAN 90 In ServiceUO-15 22 JAN 90 23 JAN 90AO-16 22 JAN 90 In ServiceDO-17 22 JAN 90 March 1998WO-18 22 JAN 90 March 1998LU-19 22 JAN 90 Semi-OperationalFO-20 7 FEB 90 In Service AO-21/RS-14 29 JAN 91 3.6 YearsUO-22 17 JUL 91 In ServiceKO-23 10 AUG 92 Semi-Operational
AMSAT
OSCAR Satellite SummarySatellite Launch Service Life
KO-25 26 SEP 93 In ServiceIO-26 26 SEP 93 Semi-OperationalAO-27 26 SEP 93 In ServicePO-28 26 SEP 93 Commercial ServiceFO-29 17 AUG 96 In ServiceMO-30 5 SEP 96 Unable to activateTO-31 10 JUL 98 In ServiceGO-32 10 JUL 98 Undergoing CheckoutSO-33 24 OCT 98 Unable to activatePO-34 30 OCT 98 Undergoing CheckoutSO-35 23 FEB 99 Limited ServiceUO-36 21 APR 99 Limited Service
AMSAT
RS Satellite Summary
Satellite Launch Service Life
Iskra-2 19 AUG 82 9 JUL 82 Iskra-3 18 NOV 82 16 DEC 82RS-9 Flight CancelledRS-10/11 23 JUN 87 May 97
RS-12/13 5 FEB 91 In ServiceRS-14/AO-21 29 JAN 91 JUN 94RS-15 26 DEC 94 In ServiceRS-16 4 MAR 97 25 OCT 99RS-17 3 NOV 97 30 DEC 97 (France)RS-18 10 NOV 98 11 DEC 98 (France)
AMSAT
What is a Satellite?Like a Repeater
• Retransmits what it “hears”• Has Optimized Receivers, Transmitters and
Antennas• Great Location!• Enables Small Stations to Communicate
Over Greater Distances
AMSAT
What is a Satellite?Unlike a Repeater
•Has a Moving Footprint!–Location Changes/Availability Varies–Frequency Alteration due to Doppler Shift
•Full Duplex–Uplink and Downlink on Different Bands
Simultaneously•Multi-mode (CW/SSB/Digital)•“World Wide” Coverage
AMSAT
Satellites Utilize “Transponders”
• Receives a SEGMENT of One Band• Retransmits EVERYTHING It Hears on
Another Band• Inverting Transponders
– Lowest Incoming Frequency is Retransmitted Over the
Highest Outgoing Frequency–Inverts Signal (LSB to USB)
AMSAT
Satellite Systems• Attitude Control (RCS, Torquing Coils)• Central Computer (IHU)• Communications (Command Rcvr/Beacons/Ant)• Energy Supply (Batteries/Solar Panels/BCR)
• Engineering Telemetry (Electronic Sensors/Encoders)• Environment Control (Mechanical Design, Heat Pipes)• Guidance and Control (Sun/Earth Sensors)• Mission-Unique Equipment (Transponders/GPS/CCD)• Propulsion (Kick Motor/Arc Jet)• Structure
Most of the Satellite Development Effort Does Not Involve Amateur Radio
AMSAT
Satellite Categories• EASY Birds
•RS Satellites: RS-12/13, RS-15 (Russia)•Manned Satellites (MIR/SAREX/ISS)•Dual Use: FO-29 (Japan), AO-27 (FM), SO-35(FM)
•Digital Satellites•Primarily “Store and Forward” Bulletin Boards•Other Payloads (Cameras, Sensors, GPS)•PSK Mode (AO-16, WO-18, LU-19)•9600 DFM (UO-22, KO-23, KO-25)•1200 AFSK (UO-11, DO-17 Downlink Only)•38k4 and 78k6 DFM (TO-31, UO-36)
•DX Satellites•AO-10•Phase-3D
Old Satellite ModesMode A 2 m Up 10 m Down
Mode K 15 m Up 10 m Down
Mode KA 15+2 m Up 10 m Down
Mode T 15 m Up 2 m Down
Mode KT 15 m Up 2+10 m Down
Mode B 70 cm Up 2 m Down
Mode J 2 m Up 70 cm Down
Mode JL 23 cm Up 2 m+70cm Down
Mode L 23 cm Up 70 cm Down
Mode S 70 cm Up 13 cm Down
New Satellite Modes15 m 21 MHz Mode H10 m 29 MHz Mode T 2 m 145 MHz Mode V70 cm 435 MHz Mode U23 cm 1.2 GHz Mode L13 cm 2.4 GHz Mode S 6 cm 5.7 GHz Mode C 3 cm 10.5 GHz Mode X 1.5 cm 24.0 GHz Mode K
Old KA is new H,V/T
Old J is new V/U
LEILA
LEILA
LEILA
LEILA
145.800 - 145.990
5668.300 - 5668.800
2446.200 - 2446.700
2400.100 - 2400.600
1268.075 - 1268.575
1269.000 - 1268.500
21.210 - 21.250
24.920 - 24.960
435.300 - 435.800
RUDAK & TelemetryBeacons
24048.025-24048.750
10451.025-10451.750
2400.225 - 2400.950
435.475 - 436.200
145.805 - 145.990
P3D MATRIX PLAN
Transponder-IF-MATRIX(10.7MHz, -15dBm)
DOWNLINK
UPLINK
Command
Receiver
RUDAKReceiver
LEILA
LEILA
LEILA
LEILA
LEILA
2400.225 - 2400.950 (#2)
(#1)
Satellite Tracking
•Satellites are Moving Transponders
•Need to Predict When the Satellite Will be in View of Your Station
•Antenna Pointing/Doppler Correction
•Mutual Pass with Other Stations
Orbital Parameters
•Eccentricity-How Circular the Orbit?
•Apogee: Point Farthest to Earth
•Perigee: Point Closest to Earth
•Inclination Relative to the Equator
•Keplerian Elements “Describe” the Orbit
Keplerian Data• “Keps” are the Variables Which Describe a Satellite’s Orbit
• Keps are Developed by NORAD/NASA– AMSAT Provides Reformatted Data
• Keps are Distributed Worldwide– Packet Bulletin Boards– BBS (DRIG, NASA, AMSAT BBS’s)– Web Sites (www.amsat.org)– ARRL bulletins– Automatic e-mail receipt from [email protected]– Publications (AMSAT Journal, OSR)
Keplerian DataSatellite: AO-10Catalog number: 14129Epoch time: 99142.54434337Element set: 573Inclination: 27.0807 degRA of node: 28.2553 degEccentricity: 0.6021262Arg of perigee: 316.3948 degMean anomaly: 9.3938 degMean motion: 2.05867282 rev/dayDecay rate: 2.18e-06 rev/day^2Epoch rev: 11986Checksum: 311
Satellite: AO-27Catalog number: 22825Epoch time: 99146.69638352Element set: 726Inclination: 98.4585 degRA of node: 212.0142 degEccentricity: 0.0008568Arg of perigee: 329.5264 degMean anomaly: 30.5410 degMean motion: 14.27891037 rev/dayDecay rate: 1.48e-06 rev/day^2Epoch rev: 29517Checksum: 325
AO-101 14129U 83058B 99142.54434337 .00000218 00000-0 10000-3 0 57322 14129 27.0807 28.2553 6021262 316.3948 9.3938 2.05867282119868
Tracking Software•A Tracking Program Can Utilize Keplerian Data to Compute the Position and Velocity of a Satellite for Any Given Time
–Real Time Tracking to Determine the Satellite’s Current Position
•Antenna aiming for azimuth and elevation•Doppler Shift Corrections Based Upon Relative Velocity of the Satellite to the Observer
–Future Predictions of When a Ground Station will be in View of a Satellite
Tracking Devices•Various Self-Contained ‘Black Boxes’ Provide Autonomous Tracking
–Trakbox from TAPR–Sat Trak IV from Kiron (No Longer Produced)
•These Devices Operate Independently of a PC– Controls Rotor Azimuth/Elevation– Adjusts Radio for Doppler Shift
•Kansas City Tracker (Available from AMSAT)– A PC Card Interface– Works with Satellite Tracking Programs– Controls Rotor Az/El– Adjusts Radios for Doppler
Sources of Information•Books
•Periodicals
•Internet Sites
•BBS Sites
•AMSAT Area Coordinators
General Information Books
AMSAT How to Use Amateur Radio Satellites
AMSAT Working the Easy Sats
ARRL Handbook
ARRL Radio Amateur’s Satellite Handbook
ARRL Satellite Anthology
Books for Specific Satellite Types
Analog Satellites Operating Guide
AMSAT-NA Digital Satellite Guide (Includes WISP Install/Setup Instructions)
P3G to P3D
Decoding Telemetry from Amateur Satellites
AMSAT Mode S: The Book
Periodicals
•AMSAT Journal (Published Bimonthly/distributed to membership)
•OSCAR Satellite Report (Harlan Technologies published bi-weekly)
•Magazines with Satellite Columns:– QST– CQ Magazine– 73 Magazine– World Radio
E-Mail Resources from AMSAT
•AMSAT News Services (ANS)
•KEPS (Keplerian Data)
•AMSAT-BB
•SAREX
•E-Mail is Sent to Your Internet E-Mail Address– Subscribe by Sending Message to: [email protected]
World Wide Web Resources
•http: //www.amsat.org/
•http: //www.arrl.org/
•http: //www.tapr.org/
•http: //www.grove.net/~tkelso/
•http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/EE/CSER/UOSAT
BBS Sites
•18 Telephone Sites Nationwide
•Satellite Information Available on AOL/CIS
•Coverage of Weather, non-AMSAT Satellite Activities
•May Require Pre-registration to Gain Access
•List of Sites Available from AMSAT
AMSAT Field Organization
•Area Coordinators: AMSAT’s Ambassadors
•150+ Volunteers in USA and Canada
•100% Use E-Mail
•Have Knowledge/Get Answers
•Make Local Presentations/Hamfest Presence
•Area Coordinator List Available
How Do I Get Help?
•Local Satellite Operators
•AMSAT Nets (HF and VHF)-Listing Available
•E-Mail (AMSAT-BB)
•Visit the AMSAT Booth at Hamfests & Conventions
•Contact an AMSAT Area Coordinator
•Request a Club Satellite Presentation
•Consider Joining AMSAT/ Receive the Journal
AMSAT
For More Information• AMSAT-North America
P.O. Box 27Washington, DC 20044-0027phone: (301) 589-6062e-mail: [email protected]
• AMSAT Area CoordinatorDuane Naugle, KO6BT4111 Nemaha Dr.San Diego, CA 92117-4522phone: (858) 273-4088e-mail: [email protected]