AN INTRODUCTION AN INTRODUCTION TOTO

(3G)(3G)ARIF KHAN.G

CISCO N/W ASSOCIATE

GENERATIONSGENERATIONS- A LITTLE HISTORYA LITTLE HISTORY

FIRST GENERATION SYSTEMS FIRST GENERATION SYSTEMS – (1G)– (1G)

1. AMPS -( 1978) - 800MHz

- (United States.)

2. NMT -(1981) – 450MHz.- ( EUROPE)

3. Modified to NMT900. -(EUROPE)

4. TACS- (1985)-(900MHz.) -(EUROPE)

1G Contd….

• FEATURES:1G– ANALOG SYSTEMS.– USES FDMA.– USES FM.

• LIMITATIONS OF 1G– LOW CAPACITY.– FRAUD ( ie. NO SECURITY)– CAN NOT PROVIDE ADVANCED

SERVICES.

Second Generation Systems(2G)

• Features:

– Digital.

– Increased capacity.

– Greater security against fraud.– Advanced services.

LIMITATIONS OF 2nd GENERATION LIMITATIONS OF 2nd GENERATION SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

• No Global standards

• No common frequency band

• Low information bit rates

•Low voice quality

•No support of Video

SYSTEMS IN 2G

1. IS-136 , TDMA.

2. IS -95 ,CDMA.

3. GSM.

2.5 G SYSTEMS2.5 G SYSTEMS• Increased data rate.

• Introduction of packet switching.

• Primarily for data play only.

• The main systems in 2.5G are

– GPRSGPRS - General Packet Radio Service.

– EDGEEDGE – Enhanced Data rate for Global Evolution.

– CDMA 2000 –1XCDMA 2000 –1X .

G P R SG P R S

• In GSM max: data rate support is 9.6 Kbps.

• Today’s world of internet such a speed is very slow.

• GPRS is an important step towards 3G.

• GPRS is designed to provide high speed data packets than those available in GSM ckt switched data services.

• Theoritically GPRS will support 171 Kbps.

G P R S contd….G P R S contd….• Realistic speed of GPRS is 40 Kbps or 53 Kbps

which is far greater than which offered by GSM.

• In GPRS one subscriber has access to more than 1 TS.

• The channel coding commonly used in GPRS is CS-2 .

• 1 TS can carry 13.4 Kbps because of CS-2.

• When a single subscriber access multiple TS the speed may rise to 40.2 Kbps or 53.6 Kbps.

EDGEEnhanced Data for GSM Evolution

• Next step towards 3G for GSM/GPRS Networks• Increased data rated up to 384 Kbps by bundling up to

8 channels of 48 Kbps/channel• GPRS is based on modulation technique known as

GMSK• EDGE is based on a new modulation scheme that

allows a much higher bit rate across the air-interface called 8PSK modulation.

• Since 8PSK will be used for UMTS, network operators will be required to introduce this at some stage before migration to 3G.

INTERNATIONAL MOBILE TELECOM 2000.

( IMT-2000)

A FUTURE STANDARD IN WHICH A SINGLE

INEXPENSIVE MOBILE TERMINAL CAN

TRUELY PROVIDE COMMUNICATIONS ANY

TIME AND ANY WHERE

IMT-2000• The need for 3G mobile communication

technology was recognized on many fronts, and various organizations began to address the issue as far back as the 1980S.

• ITU was involved and the work within ITU was initially known as FPLMTS.

• Later it was renamed as IMT-2000.

3G-Recommendations• User bandwidth 144 Kbps for vehicular traffic.

• 384 Kbps for pedestrian.

• User bandwidth 2 Mbps for fixed service.

• Multimedia service offerings.

• Flexibilty.

3G Specifications contd.. Global Standard. Compatibility of service within IMT- 2000 and other networks. High Quality. Worldwide common frequency band. Small terminals for worldwide use. Worldwide roaming apability. Multimedia application service and terminals. Improved spectrum efficiency

• In 1998 so many air interface technical proposals were submitted to ITU.

• These were reviewed by ITU and in 1999 ITU selected five technologies for terrestrial wireless service (non satellite based).

IMT 2000

The ITU vision of global wireless access in the 21st century

IMT-2000 KEY FEATURES

INTERNATIONAL MOBILE TELECOM 2000.

( IMT-2000)

• ITU’s VISION FOR THIRD GENERATION MOBILE SYSTEM

• SINGLE UNIFIED STANDARD (Data & Multimedia Services)

• ANYWHERE, ANYTIME COMMUNICATION

ACROSS NETWORKS, ACROSS TECHNOLOGIES, USING A SMALL POCKET TERMINAL WORLDWIDE.

• HIGH SPEED ACCESS 144KB/S, 384 KB/S & 2MB/S FAST WIRELESS ACCESS TO INTERNET

• TERRESTRIAL & SATELLITE COMPONETS

IMT-2000 will provide..

• Enhanced voice quality and enable operators to provide service at reasonable cost

• Increased network efficiency and capacity

• An orderly evolution path from 2G to 3G systems to protect investments

GSM to 3G• GSM can be upgraded for higher data rate

upto 115 Kbps through deploying GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) network.This requires addition of two core modules

– SGSN (Serving GPRS Service Node)

– GGSN (Gateway GPRS Service Node)

• GPRS phase-II will support higher data rates up to 384 Kbps through incorporating EDGE

( Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution).

GSM to 3G

• Further, to support data rates up to 2 Mbps, Third Generation radio access network (3G RAN)

W-CDMA is deployed. 3G RAN is connected to GSM MSC for circuit oriented services and to SGSN for packet oriented services (internet access). Therefore the migration path can be represented as : 

GSM GPRS W-CDMA.

Cdma One Network

PSTN

MSC

BSC

BTS

IWF

WWWEnterprise Network

VPN

IP Backbone

Terminal

Cdma2000 1x Evolution

Software Upgrade

PSTN

Software Upgrade

0101001010

New Software

0101001010

New Software0101001010

MSC

BSC

BTS

IWF

PDSN

WWWEnterprise Network

VPN

IP Backbone

New packet data router

Channel card upgradeNew

Terminal

CDMA One to 3G• CDMA One progression towards higher speed

data is in manageable steps. The present data rate of 14.4 is upgradable to 64 Kbps (IS-95B).

• Still higher data rates are supported through third generation (3G) networks. CDMA One supports a low risk and flexible phased evolution to 3G, called CDMA 2000.

• The first step in this transition to CDMA 2000, also referred as 1xRTT (MC-CDMA) enables delivering peak data rates of 144 Kbps for stationary and mobile applications.

CDMA One to 3G

• Future evolutionary step will produce a harmonized 3xRTT (MC-CDMA) solution expected to deliver peak data rates of up to 2 Mbps.

• In addition, both 1xRTT and 3xRTT are backward compatible to CDMA One. Therefore the migration path can be represented as : 

CDMA One CDMA2000 (MC-CDMA)

3G- TECHNOLOGIES

1. WCDMA

2. CDMA-2000

3. TD-SCDMA

4. UWC –136

5. DECT

TACS

GSM 1800

GSM 1900

IS-136(1900)

IS 95(1900)

IS- 136TDMA (900)

IS 95 CDMA800

AMPS

SMR

GPRS

GPRS

EDGE

CDMA2000 1X

WCDMA

CDMA 2000MX

Iden(800

GSM 900

1G1G 2G2G 2.5G2.5G 3G3G

NMT(900)

MIGRATION PATH

Comparison 2G, 2.5G and 3G

GENERATION SYSTEMS DATA CAPABILITY SPECRUM COMMENT

GSM 9.6 OR 1.4 Kbps 200 KHz2G CDMA IS95A 9.6 OR 1.4 Kbps 1.25 Mz

CDMA 1S95B 64 Kbps 1.25 Mz

GPRS 128 Kbps 200 KHz2.5G EDGE 384 Kbps 200 KHz

CDMA2000 1X 144 Kbps 1.25 MHz144 Kbps 5MHz384 Kbps 5MHz2 Mbps 5MHz

144 Kbps 5MHz384 Kbps 5MHz2 Mbps 5MHz

WCDMA

CDMA2000 3X

3G

circuit switched data

ckt/packet data

packet data

WCDMA

• 3GPP.• It uses DS-CDMA.• Both FDD based and TDD based are possible.• ETSI supports FDD based.• RF band width of 5MHz.• Spectrum 1920-1980MHz U/L & 2110-2170MHz D/L.• Supports single wide band channel only.

CDMA-2000 3X

• 3GPP2.

• ANSI STANDARD.

• Spectrum is decided by the previous CDMA2000-1X or fresh allocation based on the situation.

• It supports both Wide and Narrow channels.

FOURTH GENERATION• BITRATE 10 TIMES THAT OF 3G

• SEAMLESS SERVICE AND COMPATIBILITY WITH EXISTING MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

• WIDER THAN CURRENT OR 3G SYSTEMS: 3 TO 10 GHz FREQUENCY BANDS

• LOWER SYSTEM COST : 1/10 OF IMT 2000?