an introduction of the race

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The International Isle of Man TT (Tourist Trophy) Race is a motorcycle racing event held on

the Isle of Man and was for many years the most prestigious motorcycle race in the world. The

event was part of the FIMMotorcycle Grand Prix World Championshipduring the period 19491976

before being transferred to the United Kingdom after safety concerns and run by the FIM as

the British Grand Prixfor the 1977 season. The Isle of Man TT Races became part of theTT

Formula 1 Championship from 1977 to 1990 to preserve the event's racing status. From 1989 the

racing has been developed by the Isle of Man Department of Tourism as the Isle of Man TT

Festival.

The race is run in a time-trial format on public roads closed for racing by the provisions of an Act

of Tynwald (the parliament of the Isle of Man). The first race was held on Tuesday 28

May 1907 and was called the International Auto-Cycle Tourist Trophy.[1]The event was organised

by the Auto-Cycle Club over 10 laps of the St John's Short Course of 15 miles 1,470 yards for road-

legal touring motorcycles with exhaust silencers, saddles, pedals and mud-guards.

The winner of the single-cylinder class, and overall winner of the first event in 1907, was Charlie

Collier riding a Matchless motorcycle in a time of 4 hours, 8 minutes and 8 seconds at an average

race speed of 38.21 mph. The winner of the twin-cylinder class wasRem Fowler riding

a Peugeot engined Norton in a time of 4 hours 21 minutes and 52 seconds at an average race

speed of 36.21 mph.[2] The trophy presented to Charlie Collier as the winner of the1907 Isle of

Man TT Race, was donated by the Marquis de Mouzilly St. Mars.[3] It featured a stylised version of

Olympic God Hermes by Giovanni Da Bologna as a silver figurine astride a winged wheel. The

trophy was similar in design to the 18 carat gold Montague Trophy presented to John Napier

(Arrol-Johnston) as the inaugural winner of the Isle of Man Tourist Trophy car race in1905now

known as the RAC Tourist Trophy.[4] The Marquis de Mouzilly St. Mars Trophy is now presented

annually to the winner of the Isle of Man Senior TT Motor-Cycle Race.

The 2007 Isle of Man TT was the Centenary event which ran between 26 May and 8 June 2007

and featured a special Re-enactment of the 1907 Isle of Man TT Race[5] held on the village green

next to Tynwald Hill in St John's on Monday 28 May 2007.[6] The vintage parade of 100 classic

motorcycles[7] for the Centenary Re-enactment on the original St John's Short Course was flagged

away by former World Motor-Cycle Champion Geoff Duke.[8]The first of the participants to be

flagged away was the recently restored twin-cylinder Peugeot-Norton[9] ridden by Rem Fowler

during the first Isle of Man TT Race in 1907. Also participating in the 2007 Re-enactment was TT

race competitorGuy Martinriding a 1938 Triumph Tiger 100 500 cc[10] and other former TT

competitors including Alan Cathcart,Sammy Miller, Nick Jefferies andMick Grant also completed

the Re-enactment lap.[11]

Early TT race history (19041910)

Gordon Bennett and Tourist Trophy car racesMotor racing began on the Isle of Man in 1904 with the Gordon Bennett Eliminating Trial and were

originally restricted to touring automobiles. As the Motor Car Act 1903 placed a speed restriction

of 20 mph on automobiles in the UK, Julian Orde, Secretary of the Automobile Car Club of Britain

and Ireland approached the authorities in the Isle of Man for the permission to race automobiles

on public roads.[12] The Highways (Light Locomotive) Act 1904 gave permission in the Isle of Man

for the 52.15 mile Highlands Course for the 1904 Gordon Bennett Eliminating Trial which was won

by Clifford Earl (Napier) in 7 hours 26.5 minutes for 5 laps (255.5 miles) of the Highlands Course.

The 1905 Gordon Bennett Trial was held on 30 May 1905 and was again won by Clifford Earl

driving a Napier automobile in 6 hours and 6 minutes for 6 laps of the Highland Course. This was

followed in September 1905 with the first Isle of Man Tourist Trophy Race for racing automobiles,

now known as the RAC Tourist Trophy and was won by John Napier (Arrol-Johnston) in 6 hours and

9 minutes at an average speed of 33.90 mph.[13]

International Motor-Cycle Cup Race (1905)For the 1905 Gordon Bennett Eliminating Trial it was decided to run an eliminating trial for
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motorcycles the day after for a team to represent Great Britain in the International Motor-Cycle

Cup Races. An accident at Ramsey Hairpin forced-out one of the pre-race favourites and the

inability of the motorcycle competitors to climb the steep Mountain Section of the course forced

the organisers to use a 25-mile section of the Gordon Bennett Trial course. This ran

fromDouglas south toCastletown and then north to Ballacraine along the primary A3 road and

returned to the start at the Quarterbridge in Douglas via Crosby and Glen Vine along the

current Snaefell Mountain Course in the reverse direction. The 1905 International Motor-Cycle Cup

Race for 5 laps (125 miles) was won by J.S. Campbell (Ariel) despite a fire during a pit-stop[14] in

4 hours, 9 minutes and 36 seconds at an average race speed of 30.04 mph.[15]

Isle of Man TT Race (1907)During the 1906 International Cup for Motor-Cycles held in Austria, the event was plagued by

accusations of cheating and sharp practices. A conversation on the train journey home between

the Secretary of the Auto-Cycle Club, Freddie Straight and the brothers from

the Matchless motorcycle company, Charlie Collier and Harry Collier and the Marquis de Mouzilly

St Mars led to a suggestion for a race the following year for road touring motorcycles based on

the automobile races to be held in the Isle of Man on closed public roads. The new race was

proposed by the Editor of "The Motor-Cycle" Magazine at the annual dinner of the Auto-Cycle Club

held in London on 17 January 1907.[16] It was proposed that the races would run in two classes

with single-cylinder machines to average 90 mpg-imp(0.031 l/km) and twin-cylinder machines to

average 75 mpg-imp (0.038 l/km) fuel consumption. To emphasise the road touring nature of themotorcycles, there were regulations for the inclusion of saddles, pedals, mudguards and exhaust

silencers and the first event, the 1907 Isle of Man TT race, was won by Charlie Collier at an

average race speed of 38.21 mph and the winner of the twin-cylinder class was Rem Fowler riding

a Norton motorcycle at an average race speed of 36.21 mph.

For the 1908 race, the fuel consumption was raised to 100 mpg-imp (0.028 l/km) for single-

cylinder machines and 80 mpg-imp (0.035 l/km) for twin-cylinder machines and the use of pedals

was banned. The race was won by Jack Marshall on aTriumph motorcycle at an average speed of

40.49 mph. For the 1909 Isle of Man TT races, the fuel consumption regulations was abandoned

along with the use of exhaust silencers. The single-cylinder machines were limited to a capacity

of 500 cc and the twin-cylinder machines to a 750 cc engine capacity. Due to the concern overincreasing lap-speed, for the 1910 Isle of Man TTthe capacity of the twin-cylinder machines were

reduced to 670 cc. However, Harry Bowen riding a BAT twin-cylinder motorcycle increased the lap

record to an average speed of 53.15 mph (85.54 km/h), later crashing-out of the 1910 event on

the wooden banking at Ballacraine corner.

Snaefell Mountain CourseThe first TT race over the Snaefell Mountain Courseor Mountain Course was the 1911 Isle of Man

TT Races. This was followed in 1923 with the introduction of the Manx Amateur Motorcycle Road

Races a race originally reserved for amateurs and raced on the same Mountain Course. In 1930

it changed its name to the Manx Grand Prix.

For the 1911 event two separate races were introduced. A four lapJunior TT Race for 300 cc

single-cylinder and 340 cc twin-cylinder motorcycles and was the first event on the new course

and was contested by 35 entrants. It was won by Percy J. Evans riding a Humber motorcycle in

3 hours, 37 minutes and 7 seconds at an average speed of 41.45 mph. The Senior TT Race was

open for 500 cc single-cylinder and 585 cc twin-cylinder motorcycles and was contested over 5

laps of the new 37.5 mile Snaefell Mountain Course. The new technical challenges of the

Mountain Course forced changes on entrants and motorcycle manufacturers alike. The American

Indian Motor-Cycle factory fitted a two-speed gearbox and chain-drive. This proved to be the

winning combination when Oliver Godfrey won the 1911 Isle of Man Senior TT race riding

an Indian in 3 hours, 56 minutes and 10 seconds at an average speed of 47.63 mph. In contrast

the Matchless motorcycles were fitted with a six-speed belt drive and Charlie Collier riding aMatchless motorcycle finished second in the 1911 Senior TT race but was later disqualified for

illegal refuelling. During practice for the 1911 race Victor Surridge died after crashing
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his Rudge motorcycle at Glen Helen.

For the 1912 event the single and twin-cylinder classes were combined with a 350 cc capacity

limit for the Junior TT and a 500 cc capacity for motorcycles for the Senior TT race. In 1913 Major

Tommy Loughborough replaced Freddie Straight as secretary of the Auto-Cycle Club and promptly

decided to make the races more difficult. The Junior and Senior races were to be run in sections.

The Junior TT race was divided into two races of two and four laps and the Senior TT race

consisted of a three lap race followed by a four lap race combined with the Junior TT event. In

1914 the Junior TT was reduced to 5 laps and the start-line moved to the top of Bray Hill to

increase paddock space of the competitors. The use of crash-helmets was made compulsory. The

1914 Junior TT was held in heavy rain and mist on the Mountain Section of the course and was

won by Eric Williams riding anAJSmotorcycle in 4 hours, 6 minutes and 50 seconds at an average

speed of 45.58 mph.[17] The race was marred by the death ofFrank Walker riding a Royal

Enfield motorcycle who had been leading until a puncture on the third-lap. In the following pursuit

of the leaders he fell twice and on the last-lap over-shot the finish line in Ballanard Road and

crashed into a wooden barrier placed across the road and posthumously declared a third place

finisher by the ACU race committee.[18]

The 1920s

Motorcycle racing in the Isle of Man did not restart after the end of the First World War until 1920.

Changes were made to the Mountain Course and competitors now turned left at Cronk-ny-Mona

and followed the primary A18 Mountain Road to Governor's Bridge with a new start/finish line on

Glencrutchery Road which lengthened the course to 37 miles.

The 1920 Junior TT Race included for the first time a new Lightweight class for motorcycles of

250 cc engine capacity. The Lightweight class of the 1920 Junior TT race was won by Ronald

Clarke riding a Levis and he may have won the event overall but crashed at the 33rd Milestone on

the last lap, finishing fourth overall. The 1921 Senior TT race was won by Howard Davies riding a

350 cc Junior TT AJS by a margin of 2 minutes and 3 seconds from Freddie Dixon and Hubert Le

Vack. For 1922 the ACU introduced for 250 cc motorcycle aLightweight TT race and the first

winner was Geoff S Davison riding a Levis motorcycle at an average race speed of 49.89. The

1922 Junior TT Race was won by local Isle of Man competitorTom Sheard riding an AJS motorcycle

at an average race speed of 54.75 mph. Despite crashing twice, a broken exhaust and a fire in

the pits, Stanley Woods riding a Cotton managed to finish in 5th place in the 1922 Junior TT Race.

In the 1922 Senior TT Race, Alex Bennett riding a Sunbeam motorcycle led all 6 laps from start to

finish to win from Walter Brandish riding a Triumph.

More changes to the course followed in 1923 with the adoption of a private road between

Parliament Square and May Hill in Ramsey. The course had previously had negotiated Albert Road

and Tower Road in Ramsey and the new course length was now 37.739 miles (revised to

37.733 miles in 1938).[19] Part of the Mountain Course was named 'Brandish' after Walter

Brandish crashed at a corner betweenCreg-ny-Baaand Hillberry and broke a leg. The firstSidecar

TT race was held in 1923 over 3 laps (113 miles) and was won by Freddie Dixon and passenger

Walter Denny with a special Douglasbanking-sidecar average race speed of 53.15 mph. The

Senior TT Race of 1923 was held in poor weather and local course knowledge allowed local Isle of

Man competitor Tom Sheard riding a Douglas motorcycle to win his second TT Race to add to his

first win in the 1922 Junior TT Race on an AJS motorcycle. Another first-time winner of a TT race in

1923 was Stanley Woods riding to victory in the Junior TT Race on a Cotton.

In 1924, an Ultra-Lightweight TT Race was introduced for motorcycles of 175 cc engine capacity

following the introduction of a Lightweight TT Race in 1922. The 1924 Ultra-Lightweight TT was

allowed to begin with a massed-start for competitors rather than pairs for the normal time-trial

format of the Isle of Man TT Races. The first winner of the Ultra-Lightweight TT in 1924 was Jock

Porter riding a New Gerrard motorcycle at average speed of 51.20 mph. The Lightweight TT and

the Senior TT Races of 1924 were run in conjunction and Eddie Twemlow (the brother to Ken

Twemlow) riding a New Imperial motorcycle won at an average race speed of 55.44 mph. The
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Senior TT Race of 1924 like the Junior TT Race of the same year was also run at record breaking

pace and was the first with a race average speed over 60 mph and was won by Alec

Bennett riding a Norton motorcycle

After numerous retirements in 1924, Wal Handley won the 1925 Junior TT Race over 6 laps of the

Mountain Course for Rex-Acmemotorcycles at an average speed of 65.02 mph. Later in the week

Handley became the first TT rider to win two races in a week when he won the Ultra-Lightweight

TT Race again on a Rex-Acme motorcycle. The 1925 Senior TT Race was sensationally won by

Howard Davis while competing against the works teams with a motorcycle of his own

manufacture a HRD Motorcyclesat an average speed of 66.13 mph. Further changes occurred in

1926 with the scrapping of the Side-Car and Ultra-Lightweight TT Races from the lack of entries.

Most of the Snaefell Mountain Course had now been completely tarmaced including the narrow

sections on the A18 Mountain Road. Another change in 1926 was the ban on alcohol based fuels

forcing competitors to use road petrol.[20] Despite these changes the prestige of the Isle of Man

TT Races had encouraged the Italian motorcycle manufacturers Bianchi, Garelli and Moto Guzzi to

enter. The 1926 Lightweight TT Race produced one of the most notorious events in the history of

the Isle of Man TT Races described by the magazine "The Motor-Cycle" as the "Guzzi

Incident."[21] The Italian rider Pietro Ghersi was excluded from second place for using a different

sparking-plug in the engine of his Moto Guzzi. The 1926 Senior TT Race produced the first 70 mph

lap and was again set by Jimmy Simpson on an AJS motorcycle in 32 minutes and 9 seconds an

average speed of 70.43 mph.

More changes occurred in 1927 with a fatal accident during practice to Archie Birkin a brother to

Tim Birkin of the Bentley Boysfame. The corner in Kirk Michael where the accident occurred was

renamedBirkin's Bend and from 1928 practice sessions were held on closed-roads. The newly

developed 'positive-stop' foot gear-change[22] byVelocette gave Alex Bennett his fifth TT Race

win in the 1928 Junior TT Race at an average race speed of 68.65 mph from his team-mate Harold

Willis. The 1929 Lightweight TT Race was led for 5 laps by Pietro Ghersi on a Motor Guzzi

competing in his first TT race since the disqualification in the 'Guzzi Incident' of 1926. Despite

Pietro Ghersi setting the fastest lap at an average speed of 66.63 mph, engine failure gave the

win toSyd Crabtree. During the 1929 Senior TT Race a number of riders crashed at Greeba

Castle after Wal Handley clipped the hedge and crashed. This included Jimmy Simpson, JackAmott riding for Rudge and Doug Lamb who later died of his injuries on the way to Nobles

Hospital. Charlie Dodson completed a Senior TT double by winning the 1929 Senior TT Race at an

average race speed of 72.05 mph.[23]

TT Racing in the 1930s

The 1930s were a decade in which the Isle of Man TT races became the predominant motor-

cycling event in the racing calendar, and are seen as the classic era of racing in the Isle of Man. A

number of changes occurred to the Mountain Course during the 1930s, with extensive road

widening on the A18 Mountain Road and the removal of the hump-back bridge at Ballig for the

1935 racing season in the Isle of Man.

The 1930s produced a number of changes for the Isle of Man TT Races in which the event became

more commercialised. The George Formby film No Limit (1936 film) used the 1935 Isle of Man

TT races as a backdrop for filming. Also, the 1930s saw increasing use of the TT races by

motorcycle manufacturers to show-case their products. As a result, the 1930s produced an

increased pace of motorcycle development, with the introduction of supercharging and over-head

camshaft engines, plunger rear suspension, and telescopic front forks.[24]These technological

improvements were played out by the different British motorcycle manufacturers such

as AJS, Rudge, Sunbeam, andVelocettegradually being eclipsed by the pre-eminence of the works

Nortons. Increasing interest by foreign manufacturers in the 1930s produced works entries

fromBMW,DKW, NSU, Bianchi and Moto Guzzi at the Isle of Man TT races. The increasedcompetition produced a frantic search for more engine power and better handling. At first, better

handling was the best way to produce faster lap times, but as the power advantage of
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supercharged machines increased, their lap speeds began to match and finally overtook the

others. Consequently, by 1938, most British manufacturers had a supercharged machine under

test. Increased professionalism by the TT riders during the 1930s was the reason for Stanley

Woods parting with Norton motorcycles, despite the winning of four TT races in 2 years, over the

issue of prize money. Woods joined Husqvarna, and later rode for Moto Guzziand Velocette.

The 1930 Senior TT Race was won by Rudge with Wal Handley becoming the first TT rider to win

in all three major TT Race classes and the first lap under 30 minutes of the Mountain Course. The

1931 TT Race meeting was again dominated by the battle between Rudge and Norton

motorcycles. The 1931 Senior TT Race providedTim "Percy" Huntwith a popular Junior/Senior

double win and also produced the first 80 mph lap by Jimmy Simpson on a Norton motorcycle.

The 1932 TT Race meeting was watched by Prince George, Duke of Kent the first royal visitor to

the Isle of Man TT Races. The 1932 Senior TT Race provided Stanley Woods with the Norton

Habit[25] and another Junior/Senior double win. Also on the first lap, Wal Handley, riding for

Rudge, crashed at the 11th Milestone sustaining a back injury and retired. The place on the TT

course where the incident occurred was renamedHandley's Corner. The 1933 Senior TT Race

gave Stanley Woods another Junior/Senior double win, with works Nortons taking the first four

places, ridden by Jimmy Simpson, Tim Hunt and Jimmie Guthrie. The 1934 TT Races was another

double Junior/Senior win for Jimmie Guthrie and the last TT race for Jimmy Simpson. For the 1935

TT Races, Stanley Woods provided another surprise by moving to Moto Guzzi and was a debut

event for the ItalianOmobono Tenni. The 1935 Senior TT Race produced one of the most dramaticTT races, as the Moto Guzzi pit attendants made preparations for Stanley Woods to refuel on the

last lap, but Woods went straight through the TT grandstand area without stopping and went on

to win by 4 seconds from Jimmie Guthrie. Despite disqualification during the 1936 Junior TT Race,

Jimmie Guthrie won the 1936 Senior TT Race, avenging his dramatic defeat the previous year. The

1937 TT Races produced the first foreign winner, when the Italian TT rider, Omobono Tenniwon

the Lightweight race.Jimmie Guthrie was killed a few weeks later while riding for the Norton team

during the 1937 German Grand Prix. The 1938 TT Races produced the first German winner

when Ewald Kluge won the 1938 Lightweight TT Race and became the first overall European

Motor-Cycle Champion for the worksDKW team. In the1939 Isle of Man TTRaces, the works

Norton team did not compete, as the Norton factory were changing over to war production.

Although the 1938 model Norton was provided toHarold Danielland Freddie Frith to race, the

1939 TT Races provided Stanley Woods with a tenth TT win, aboard a Velocette in the Junior TT

Race and a well judged first win forTed Mellors riding a Benelli in the 1939 Lightweight TT Race.

The Blue Riband race of the Isle of Man TT Races was won for the first time by a foreign

competitor whenGeorg 'Schorsch' Meierwon the 1939Senior TT Race riding for the

factory BMW motorcycle team. In the 1930s, TT winners were allowed to keep the trophies for a

year. The 1939 factory BMW motorcycle that won the 1939 Senior TT Race spent the war years

buried in a field, and the Senior TT trophy was discovered displayed in a shop inVienna at the end

of the war.

Post-War TT racing (19471959)Motorcycle racing did not return to the Isle of Man and the Mountain Course until September 1946

with the first post-war event the 1946 Manx Grand Prix. For the1947 Isle of Man TTRaces a

number of changes occurred to the race schedule and the rules governing the races. First, the

inclusion of aClubmans TT Races for Lightweight, Junior and Senior production motorcycles.

Second, and more important the rules governing all international road racing were changed to

effectively ban all forms of supercharging. The1949 Isle of Man TT Races was the first event of

the inaugural Motorcycle Grand Prix World Championship and Les Graham the first 500 cc World

Champion finished 10th in the 1949 Senior TT Race. For the 1951 Isle of Man TT the Ultra-

Lightweight TT Race was re-introduced that was won by Cromie McCandless riding

a Mondial motorcycle at an average race speed of 74.84 mph.

From 1947 to 1959 there occurred a number of course changes and improvements. Road

widening occurred between the 33rd Milestone and Keppel Gate for the 1947 season and further

major changes for the 1954 Isle of Man TTRaces with significant alterations to Ballaugh
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Bridge, Creg-ny-Baa, Signpost Corner andGovernor's Bridge.[26] Also the 1954 Isle of Man TT

Races was the first year of the Clypse Course, the re-introduction of theSidecar TT Race and the

first female competitor, Inge Stoll, to enter an Isle of Man TT Race.[26]

The 1950s may be seen as a decade when the course and race changes the Isle of Man TT Races

evolved into the motorcycle event that occurs today. Perhaps seen as the golden-era, the 1950s

for the Isle of Man TT Races mirrored changes in the motor-cycling industry and motor-cycling

technology and the increasing globalisation of not only of motorcycle racing, but also of the

motorcycle industry. As with the 1930s, the period from 1947 to 1959 the dominance of the

British motorcycle industry was gradually eroded by increased European competition. Again

throughout the 1950s this was played-out through increased technological change.

The introduction of theFeatherbed frame and the abortive Norton Kneeler concept by the

worksNorton team it was not sufficient to challenge the multi-cylinder European motorcycles

fromGilera and Moto Guzzi. Financial problems led to the demise of the Norton team and along

with other traditional British motorcycle manufacturers AJS, BSA,Matchlessand Velocette and

were replaced by European competition fromCZ, DKW, Ducati,Mondial, MV Agusta andNSU at

the Isle of Man TT Races. By the end of the 1950s, the East Germany motorcycle firm MZ used the

Isle of Man TT Races to improve their Walter Kaaden designed two-stroke technology. The 1959

Isle of Man TT Race was the first race for the fledgling Japanese Honda team when Naomi

Taniguchi finished in 6th place in the 1959 125 cc Ultra-Lightweight TT Race on the Clypse

Course at an average race speed of 68.29 mph.

Pre-war, the Isle of Man TT Races was seen as the preserve of British, Irish and Commonwealth

competitors. This stranglehold was first broken by Omobono Tenni as the first foreign winner in

1937. As the Isle of Man TT Races became a World Championship event in 1949, the post-war

period produced race wins from European competitors such asCarlo Ubbiali andTarquinio Provini.

The first New Zealand winner wasRod Coleman in 1954 and first competitor from Southern

Rhodesia was Ray Amm when he raced at the 1951 Isle of Man TT Races. Despite a win by Eric

Oliver at the first post war Sidecar TT race, this also became dominated by German and Swiss

competitors such as Walter Schneider,Fritz Hillebrand, Fritz Scheidegger and Helmut Fath. For

the Senior TT Race this was still dominated by new British TT competitors, Geoff Dukewinning the

1955 Senior TT Race,John Surteesriding for MV Agusta andBob McIntyre in the 1957 Isle of Man

TT races were headlined when he recorded the first 100 mph (160 km/h) lap, riding

for Gileramotorcycles. The 1958 Isle of Man TT Races was the debut event for another British rider

with the 18-year-old Mike Hailwood who would dominate the next decade.

TT racing (1960 on)For the 1960 Isle of Man TT races theSidecar TT Race returned to the Snaefell Mountain Course

for the first-time since 1925, along with the Ultra-Lightweight and Lightweight classes with the

abandonment of TT racing on the Clypse Course. A number of changes occurred to the Mountain

Course during the 1960s with further road widening at Ballig Bridge and atGreeba Bridge. Other

safety features included the introduction of a safety helicopter for the1963 Isle of Man TT races

and was used for the first-time whenTony Godfrey crashed at the exit to Milntown Cottages

during the 1963 Lightweight TT race.[27]

Despite problems with the sidecar class, the winner of the 1960 Sidecar TT race was Helmut

Fath riding a BMW outfit at an average speed of 84.40 mph. The 1962 Isle of Man TTraces

produced the first winner of the newly introduced 50 cc Ultra-Lightweight race when Ernst

Degner won the 2-lap race (75.46 miles) for Suzuki at an average speed of 75.12 mph. This was

followed withMitsuo Itoh becoming the first Japanese winner of an Isle of Man TT Race winning

the 50 cc Ultra-Lightweight TT race again for Suzuki in 1963.[28] For the Diamond Jubilee race in

1967 the Production TT races were introduced consisting of three races; a 250 cc, a 500 cc, and a

750 cc run at the same time but each having a separate "Le Mans" start at 5 minutes after each

other.[29]John Hartle was the winner of the first 750 cc production class at an average race

speed of 91.40 mph riding aTriumph Thruxton Bonneville.[30] The 250 cc class was controversial

due to the use of racing exhausts by the Bultaco team. In the 1968 Isle of Man TT races the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballaugh_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creg-ny-Baahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signpost_Cornerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor's_Bridge_(Isle_of_Man)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor's_Bridge_(Isle_of_Man)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-weekly-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clypse_Coursehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidecar_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidecar_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inge_Stollhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-weekly-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Featherbed_framehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Featherbed_framehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norton_Kneeler&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton_(motorcycle)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton_(motorcycle)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moto_Guzzihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AJShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matchlesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matchlesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matchlesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocettehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A1_Zbrojovka_Strakonicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A1_Zbrojovka_Strakonicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DKWhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducatihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducatihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondial_(motorcycle_manufacturer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondial_(motorcycle_manufacturer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MV_Agustahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSU_Motorenwerke_AGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSU_Motorenwerke_AGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MZ_Motorrad-_und_Zweiradwerkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Kaadenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959_Isle_of_Man_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959_Isle_of_Man_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hondahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomi_Taniguchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomi_Taniguchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clypse_Coursehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clypse_Coursehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omobono_Tennihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Ubbialihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarquinio_Provinihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_Coleman_(motorcycle_racer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_Coleman_(motorcycle_racer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Ammhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951_Isle_of_Man_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Oliverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Oliverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidecar_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walter_Schneider_(motorcyclist)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fritz_Hillebrand&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fritz_Scheidegger&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Fathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Fathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senior_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoff_Dukehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoff_Dukehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Surteeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Surteeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Surteeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MV_Agustahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_McIntyre_(motorcycle_racer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_McIntyre_(motorcycle_racer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957_Isle_of_Man_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957_Isle_of_Man_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Isle_of_Man_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Hailwoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Isle_of_Man_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidecar_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidecar_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clypse_Coursehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballighttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greeba_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greeba_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_Isle_of_Man_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_Isle_of_Man_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tony_Godfrey_(motorcyclist)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tony_Godfrey_(motorcyclist)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Fathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Fathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_Isle_of_Man_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Degnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Degnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsuo_Itohhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsuo_Itohhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-28http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Production_TT&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hartlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumph_Engineering_Co_Ltdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumph_Bonneville_T120http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumph_Bonneville_T120http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bultacohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Isle_of_Man_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballaugh_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creg-ny-Baahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signpost_Cornerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor's_Bridge_(Isle_of_Man)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-weekly-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clypse_Coursehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidecar_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inge_Stollhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-weekly-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Featherbed_framehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norton_Kneeler&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton_(motorcycle)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moto_Guzzihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AJShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matchlesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocettehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A1_Zbrojovka_Strakonicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DKWhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducatihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondial_(motorcycle_manufacturer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MV_Agustahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSU_Motorenwerke_AGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MZ_Motorrad-_und_Zweiradwerkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Kaadenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959_Isle_of_Man_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959_Isle_of_Man_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hondahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomi_Taniguchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomi_Taniguchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clypse_Coursehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clypse_Coursehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omobono_Tennihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Ubbialihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarquinio_Provinihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_Coleman_(motorcycle_racer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Ammhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951_Isle_of_Man_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Oliverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Oliverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidecar_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walter_Schneider_(motorcyclist)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fritz_Hillebrand&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fritz_Scheidegger&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Fathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senior_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoff_Dukehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Surteeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MV_Agustahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_McIntyre_(motorcycle_racer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957_Isle_of_Man_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957_Isle_of_Man_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Isle_of_Man_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Hailwoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Isle_of_Man_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidecar_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clypse_Coursehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballighttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greeba_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_Isle_of_Man_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tony_Godfrey_(motorcyclist)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Fathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Fathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_Isle_of_Man_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Degnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Degnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsuo_Itohhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-28http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Production_TT&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hartlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumph_Engineering_Co_Ltdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumph_Bonneville_T120http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bultacohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Isle_of_Man_TT


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Production race rules were changed. But the changes the winner, and 2nd placed man, of 250 cc

Production race were under protest and were excluded for the same offence (using a racing

exhaust) but later reinstated on appeal by the R.A.C.because of the lack of an official translation

of the law in Spain on the subject of silencing. 1968 was also the last year of the 50 cc Ultra-

Lightweight class with AustralianBarry Smith winning for Derbi at an average speed of

72.90 mph. The first non-championship event for sidecars not exceeding 750 cc was introduced in

1968 and won byTerry Vinicombe riding a BSAsidecar outfit.[31] The 1969 Production TT races

were honoured by the presence of the Duke of Edinburgh as starter. The race went off without

any controversy with a new set of rules being strictly enforced and were therefore probably the

first really fair production races. The result was a 750 cc race in which Malcolm Uphill twicetopped the 100-mph lap on the works Triumph Bonneville and set an average race speed of

99.99 mph. The 500 cc and 250 cc classes provided their own dramas with Graham Penny

bringing his 450 cc Honda home first after the leader Tony Dunnell on a three-cylinder Kawasaki

crashed.[32] The 250 race had a fresh leader on each lap ending with Mike Rogers taking the

laurels on his 250 cc Ducati Mach 1 giving Ducati their first Isle of Man win.

From 1949 to 1976 the race was part of the Motorcycle Grand Prix World Championship and was

the home of the British Grand Prix.[33] The event came under increasing scrutiny due to safety

concerns despite efforts by the ACU to retain its world championship status. When Italian

rider Gilberto Parlottiwas killed during the 1972 TT, his close friend and the reigning world

champion and 10-time TT winner Giacomo Agostini, announced that he would never again race onthe Isle of Man.[33] More riders joined Agostini's boycott and by the1976 season, only a handful

of serious Grand Prix riders were among the entrants.[33] Shortly after the 1976 TT, the FIM made

the long-anticipated announcement that the TT, once the most prestigious race on the Grand Prix

calendar, was stripped of its world championship status.[33]The Grand Prix action was moved to

the UK with the 1977British Grand Prix being held at Silverstone.[33]

In the early 21st century, the premier TT racing bikes complete the Snaefell course at an average

speed exceeding 120 mph (190 km/h). Record holders include David Jefferies who set a lap record

of 127.29 mph (204.85 km/h) in 2002. This was surpassed byJohn McGuinness during the 2004

TT on a Yamaha R1 setting a time of 17 min 43.8 s; an average lap speed of 127.68 mph(205.48 km/h). McGuinness lowered this even further at the 2007 TT, setting a time of 17:21.99

for an average speed of 130.354 mph (209.784 km/h) becoming the first rider to break the

130 mph limit on the Snaefell Mountain circuit. The most successful rider wasJoey Dunlop who

won 26 times in various classes from 1977 to 2000. For 2009, the Manx government added a new

event to the June race schedule. TheTime Trial eXtreme Grand Prix (TTXGP) was billed as the first

zero-emissions motorcycle race. While any technology could enter, as a practical matter zero

emissions means electric.[34]

DescriptionThe Oxford Companion to World Sports and Games notes,

The oldest motor-cycle racing circuit still in use is the Snaefell Mountain Course over which the

Isle of Man Tourist Trophy races are run. Starting at the town ofDouglas on the south-east coast,

the course takes a wide sweep to the west and north to enter the town ofRamsey on the north-

east coast and thence return to the starting point, each lap measuring 37 miles (60.7 km) and

taking in over 200 bends while climbing from sea level to an altitude of over 1,300 ft (396 m).

This circuit is the epitome of the natural road course, all the roads used being ordinary public

highways closed for the racing and practice sessions.

Traditionally held in the last week of May and the first week of June, the TT races create a carnival

atmosphere. Picnicking crowds flanking the circuit are reminiscent of the community festivals that

are part of another form of cycle racing in a different country LeTour de France.

During the TT Festival it is difficult to travel across or around the island because of the road

closures. There is a TT access road in Douglas that gives access to the centre of the Mountain
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Smith_(motorcyclist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Smith_(motorcyclist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derbihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terry_Vinicombe&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_Uphillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_seasonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_seasonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-Motocourse:_50_Years_Of_Moto_Grand_Prix-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AutoCycle_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilberto_Parlottihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilberto_Parlottihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giacomo_Agostinihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-Motocourse:_50_Years_Of_Moto_Grand_Prix-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_seasonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-Motocourse:_50_Years_Of_Moto_Grand_Prix-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Motocyclismehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-Motocourse:_50_Years_Of_Moto_Grand_Prix-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-Motocourse:_50_Years_Of_Moto_Grand_Prix-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_seasonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_seasonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_motorcycle_Grand_Prixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silverstone_Circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-Motocourse:_50_Years_Of_Moto_Grand_Prix-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Jefferieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McGuinness_(motorcycle_racer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joey_Dunlophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TTXGPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TTXGPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Manhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsey,_Isle_of_Manhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsey,_Isle_of_Manhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_de_Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_de_Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Smith_(motorcyclist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derbihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terry_Vinicombe&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_Uphillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_seasonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_seasonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-Motocourse:_50_Years_Of_Moto_Grand_Prix-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AutoCycle_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilberto_Parlottihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giacomo_Agostinihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-Motocourse:_50_Years_Of_Moto_Grand_Prix-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_seasonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-Motocourse:_50_Years_Of_Moto_Grand_Prix-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Motocyclismehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-Motocourse:_50_Years_Of_Moto_Grand_Prix-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_seasonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_motorcycle_Grand_Prixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silverstone_Circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-Motocourse:_50_Years_Of_Moto_Grand_Prix-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Jefferieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McGuinness_(motorcycle_racer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joey_Dunlophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TTXGPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT#cite_note-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Manhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsey,_Isle_of_Manhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_de_France


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Course during the event.

SafetyThe future of the TT is always in doubt with regard to the safety, especially "Mad Sunday" when

any member of the public can ride the mountain section of the course which is open one way

from Ramsey to Douglas (although since 2005 this section, the mountain road is one way during

the entire fortnight from hairpin to creg-ny-baa).[citation needed] The TT races are extremely

dangerous because of the high speeds on very narrow, twisting streets, roads and lanes flanked

by stone walls and even buildings.[citation needed] Between 1907 and 2009 (at the end of 2009

TT races period) there have been239 rider deaths during official practices or races on the

Snaefell Mountain Course (this number includes the riders killed during Manx Grand Prix and

the Clubman TTraces).[citation needed] The worst year for fatalities was 1970 during which six

riders lost their lives. Three riders died during practice and three during the races. It was found

that three deaths were attributable to rider error and three as the consequence of mechanical

failure. Also, one more rider died at the Manx Grand Prix later that same year.[citation needed]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A18_road_(Isle_of_Man)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Snaefell_Mountain_Course_fatal_accidentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Snaefell_Mountain_Course_fatal_accidentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Snaefell_Mountain_Course_fatal_accidentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manx_Grand_Prixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clubman_TT&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clubman_TT&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A18_road_(Isle_of_Man)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Snaefell_Mountain_Course_fatal_accidentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Snaefell_Mountain_Course_fatal_accidentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manx_Grand_Prixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clubman_TT&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed

an introduction of the race

Documents