An IntroductionAn Introduction

By:- By:-

Rajeeve RanjanRajeeve Ranjan

CounselingCounseling

““Love All,Love All,Serve All.Serve All.

Help Ever,Help Ever,Hurt Never”.Hurt Never”.

Chapter ReviewChapter ReviewGeneral Meaning of Counseling General Meaning of Counseling

Historical Development of Counseling Historical Development of Counseling

Goals of CounselingGoals of Counseling

Stages of Counseling ProcessStages of Counseling Process

General Types of Counseling :- General Types of Counseling :- Crisis CounselingCrisis CounselingFacilitative CounselingFacilitative CounselingPreventive CounselingPreventive CounselingDevelopmental CounselingDevelopmental Counseling

General Responses of Counselor General Responses of Counselor

An interactive process An interactive process

Unique relationship –leads to change in the client in Unique relationship –leads to change in the client in one or more of the following areas one or more of the following areas

•Behavior Behavior •Beliefs Beliefs •Level of emotional distress .Level of emotional distress .

A professional relationship :- A professional relationship :- Counselee- needs assistance & Counselor- trained and Counselee- needs assistance & Counselor- trained and educated to give this assistance .educated to give this assistance .

One to one relationship-One to one relationship- an individual unable to cope alone,an individual unable to cope alone, a professional trained and qualified to help others.a professional trained and qualified to help others.

General Meaning of CounselingGeneral Meaning of Counseling

•Mutual exchange of information.Mutual exchange of information.

•Relationship- warmth, permissiveness,Relationship- warmth, permissiveness, understanding, acceptance ect.understanding, acceptance ect.

•Dynamic and purposeful targets.Dynamic and purposeful targets.

•Confidential relationship Confidential relationship

Historical Development Historical Development of Counselingof Counseling

•Shrimadbhagawat Gita by Krishna to Arjun Shrimadbhagawat Gita by Krishna to Arjun

•Ancient Greek philosophers, such as Plato, Aristotle,Ancient Greek philosophers, such as Plato, Aristotle,formulated concept of counseling, which dealt formulated concept of counseling, which dealt with the interaction of people with one another and with the interaction of people with one another and their environment. their environment.

Goals of CounselingGoals of Counseling•Resolving Client Problems.Resolving Client Problems.

•Facilitating Client Potential Facilitating Client Potential & Development.& Development.

•Enhancing the client’s Enhancing the client’s potential & ability to cope.potential & ability to cope.

•Promoting the decision Promoting the decision making process.making process.

Stages of Counseling ProcessStages of Counseling Process• Problem identification and relationship establishmentProblem identification and relationship establishment

• Exploration and analysisExploration and analysis

• Implementation Implementation

• Termination Termination

Stages of Counseling ProcessStages of Counseling Process 1- 1- Problem identification & relationship establishmentProblem identification & relationship establishment::

Developing a helping relationship,Developing a helping relationship,

Helping the client to state concerns, problems or Helping the client to state concerns, problems or reasons for seeking assistance,reasons for seeking assistance,

Determining the extent to which beneficial help can be given,Determining the extent to which beneficial help can be given,

Defining the structure and conditions of the helping relationship.Defining the structure and conditions of the helping relationship.

2- Exploration and analysis 2- Exploration and analysis

Each problem area Each problem area

Specify client problem Specify client problem

Analyze each problem in term of variables Analyze each problem in term of variables that influence or maintain it.that influence or maintain it.Determine the severity of client problems.Determine the severity of client problems.

Arrange client problems in terms of priorities; Arrange client problems in terms of priorities; which problem will be worked first.which problem will be worked first.

Recognize and deal effectively with transference, Recognize and deal effectively with transference, counter transference and resistance.counter transference and resistance.

3- 3- Implementation Implementation :-:-

Implementing procedures that resolve Implementing procedures that resolve client problems,client problems,

Helping the client take constructive Helping the client take constructive actions, actions,

Gather needed information Gather needed information about self (interest, aptitude, personality about self (interest, aptitude, personality

characteristics…) characteristics…)

4- Termination 4- Termination

1.1.the counselor may approach the issue directly.the counselor may approach the issue directly.

2.“If the client feels that goals have been achieved to his or 2.“If the client feels that goals have been achieved to his or her satisfaction, a tentative date for termination may be set”.her satisfaction, a tentative date for termination may be set”.

3. The mechanisms of termination usually involve one or more steps:3. The mechanisms of termination usually involve one or more steps:

• When both client & counselor agree that termination is When both client & counselor agree that termination is desirable, a tentative date Is set.desirable, a tentative date Is set.

• The counselor may want to space out the last few The counselor may want to space out the last few sessions to see how client fare utilizing their own resources.sessions to see how client fare utilizing their own resources.

• It is desirable to make arrangements for follow-up with clients. It is desirable to make arrangements for follow-up with clients.

• Crisis Counseling – Crisis Counseling – ImmediateImmediate

• Facilitative Counseling – Facilitative Counseling – Various- short to long Various- short to long

• Preventive Counseling- Preventive Counseling- Specific time spanSpecific time span

• Developmental Counseling – Developmental Counseling – Continuous Continuous

General Types of CounselingGeneral Types of Counseling

Crisis CounselingCrisis Counseling Possible concerns

•Suicide attempts, Suicide attempts, •Unwanted pregnancy, Unwanted pregnancy, •Death of one, Divorce,Death of one, Divorce,•Hospitalization, Hospitalization, •Job relocation , Job relocation , •Loss of job,Loss of job,• Retirement,Retirement,•New family member, New family member, •Imprisonment, Imprisonment, •Infidelity, Infidelity, •Drug addiction or Drug addiction or •Financial problemsFinancial problems

Crisis CounselingCrisis CounselingPossible counselor activities

•Personal support,Personal support,

• Direct intervention, Direct intervention,

•Gather additional support, Gather additional support,

•Individual counseling , or Individual counseling , or

•Refer to appropriate clinic or agency. Refer to appropriate clinic or agency.

Facilitative Facilitative CounselingCounseling

Possible concerns

•Choosing academic options,Choosing academic options,

•Planning a career, Planning a career,

•Getting along with family member, Getting along with family member,

•Fellow workers or classmates and Fellow workers or classmates and

•Identifying individual strengths, Identifying individual strengths,

•Interest and aptitudes.Interest and aptitudes.

Facilitative CounselingFacilitative CounselingPossible counselor activities

•Individual counseling including: Individual counseling including: •Reflection of feelings , Reflection of feelings , •Reflection of content,Reflection of content,

•Informing, Informing,

•Interpreting, Interpreting,

•Confronting,Confronting,

•Direct activities.Direct activities.

Preventive CounselingPreventive CounselingPossible concerns

•Self awareness,Self awareness,•Future career choices and Future career choices and •Career preparation, Career preparation, •Drug awareness, Drug awareness, •Retirement options, and Retirement options, and •Communicating skills,Communicating skills,•Future anxiety, Future anxiety, •Sex education- Sex education-

•sexuality & sexual relationshipsexuality & sexual relationship

Preventive CounselingPreventive CounselingPossible counselor activities

•Information giving,Information giving,

•Referral to relevant programs, Referral to relevant programs,

•Individual counseling regarding Individual counseling regarding

program content and process.program content and process.

Developmental CounselingDevelopmental CounselingPossible concerns

•Self understanding,Self understanding,

•Improved decision making skills,Improved decision making skills,

•Positive behavior change,Positive behavior change,

•Developing positive self concept, Developing positive self concept,

•Mid career change,Mid career change,

•Acceptance of death and dyingAcceptance of death and dying

Developmental CounselingDevelopmental CounselingPossible counselor activities

Aiding values clarification,Aiding values clarification,

Reviewing decision making,Reviewing decision making,

Individual counseling regarding: Individual counseling regarding:

personal development in conjunction withpersonal development in conjunction with

significant others and environmental placementsignificant others and environmental placement

General Responses of Counselor General Responses of Counselor • Attending Attending

• Paraphrasing Paraphrasing

• ReflectionReflection

• Clarifying Clarifying

• Perception checking Perception checking

• LeadingLeading

•Summarization Summarization

•Approving Approving

•Confronting Confronting

•Interpreting Interpreting