an exploratory study to assess the knowledge among mothers of under five children regarding thumb...
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AN EXPLORATORY STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE
AMONG MOTHERS OF UNDER FIVE CHILDREN REGARDING
THUMB SUCKING IN SELECTED VILLAGE OF MOGA, PUNJAB
RAMANDEEP KAUR SANDHU
SIMARJIT KAUR
MANDEEP KAUR
HARDEEP KAUR
PUSHWINDER KAUR
SANDEEP KAUR MUNJAL
KARAMJIT KAUR MUNJAL
HARPREET KAUR
PAWANPREET KAUR
JAGJIT SINGH
RANPREET SINGHGURSEWAK SINGH
KULDEEP SINGH
BABA MANGAL SINGH INSTITUTE OF NURSING, BUGHIPURA,
MOGA
2013
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CERTIFIED THAT THIS IS THE BONAFIDE WORK
OF
MS. RAMANDEEP KAUR SANDHU
MS. SIMARJIT KAUR
MS. MANDEEP KAUR
MS. HARDEEP KAUR
MS. PUSHWINDER KAUR
MS. SANDEEP KAUR MUNJAL
MS. KARAMJIT KAUR MUNJAL
MS. HARPREET KAUR
MS. PAWANPREET KAUR
MR. JAGJIT SINGH
MR. RANPREET SINGH
MR. GURSEWAK SINGH
MR. KULDEEP SINGH
AT THE COLLEGE OF NURSING
SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE
REQUREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF
GENERAL NURSING & MIDWIFERY
OF
BABA FARID UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES FARIDKOT,
PUNJAB
2013
Prof. Mrs. Swapan Melchisedec
M.Sc. (N) PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
Principal
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Baba Mangal Singh Institute of Nursing, Bughipura
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE
AMONG MOTHERS OF UNDER FIVE CHILDREN REGARDING
THUMB SUCKING IN SELECTED VILLAGE OF MOGA, PUNJAB
A THESIS
SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE
REQUREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF
GENERAL NURSING & MIDWIFERY
OFBABA FARID UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES FARIDKOT,
PUNJAB
2013
SUPERVISOR:-
Ramandeep Kaur Sandhu
Simarjit Kaur
Mandeep Kaur
Sandeep kaur Munjal
Karamjit Kaur Munjal
Pushwinder Kaur
Hardeep Kaur
Harpreet Kaur
Pawanpreet Kaur
Jagjit Singh
Ranpreet Singh
Kuldeep Singh
Gursewak Singh
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CERTIFICATE OF SUPERVISOR
This is to certify that Ramandeep Kaur Sandhu, Simarjit Kaur, Mandeep Kaur, Sandeep
kaur Munjal, Karamjit Kaur Munjal, Pushwinder Kaur, Hardeep Kaur, Harpreet Kaur,Pawanpreet Kaur, Jagjit Singh, Ranpreet Singh, Kuldeep Singh, Gursewak Singh have
undertaken their G.N.M. thesis on the topic, An exploratory study to assess the
knowledge among mother of under five children regarding thumb sucking in Bughipura
Village of Moga, Punjab. Under my supervision and guidance in Baba Mangal Singh
Institute of Nursing, Bughipura, Moga and their work is generally their own.
SUPERVISOR:
DATE:-
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Dedicated to
Beloved
Parents
AndTeachers
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I will praise you, lord with my heart I will tell of the wonderful things you have alone.
This project is a collection of different minds and their hands, and could not exist without
the support and input of them, that we express on one written page. So we wish to
express our deepest gratitude and warmest appreciation to all of them, who have
contributed and inspired us to the overall success of the undertaking directly or indirectly.
So it is our duty to express the regard fro their support.
First and foremost, we bow our head for Lord respect whose abundant grace and
blessing lead us through out the study.
It is difficult to find adequate words to express our gratitude to our supervisor and
guide respected Madam Miss Rajman Kaur. She brough our ideas into focus. We
appreciate all her contributions of supervision, advice, time and ideas to make our
research experience productive and stimulating.
We convey our sincere thanks to respected Principal, Prof. Mrs. Swapna
Melchisede M.Sc. (Psychiatric Nursing) for her guidance, invaluable suggestions,efficient supervision, constant encouragement and interest in throughout the completion
of thesis.
It gives us great pleasure to thank with deep sense of gratitude to all the mothers
of under five children of their whole hearted participating in study without whose
cooperation this study would be impossible.
Now we feel our duty to express appreciation gratitude to all experts. Mrs.
Rupinder Kaur (M.Sc. (N) in community Health Nursing), Miss Veerpal Kaur
(M.Sc. (N) Obstetrics), Miss Harjinder Kaur (M.A. English).
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We express our heartful thanks to Miss. Ranjan Kaur for valuable suggestions
and guidance for this research work.
We are grateful to Sarpanch ofVillage Bughipura for granting us permission to
conduct the research study in the village and giving valuable suggestions
We feel the shortage of words to express our love and gratitude to our parents,
brothers and sisters who have always been very understanding and supportive financially
and emotionally. The last but not least, we express our love to our friends who helped us
selfless and we respect for their extending efforts and understanding.
Ramandeep Kaur Sandhu
Simarjit Kaur
Mandeep Kaur
Sandeep kaur Munjal
Karamjit Kaur Munjal
Pushwinder Kaur
Hardeep Kaur
Harpreet Kaur
Pawanpreet Kaur
Jagjit Singh
Ranpreet Singh
Kuldeep Singh
Gursewak Singh
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CHAPTERI
INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION
Many of the things we need can wait,
The child cant, his name is today
To him we cannot answer tomorrow.
GABRIECA MISTAL
Itbegins at birth. The very first art after birth is to suck our mothers milk. This is an
act of affection and compassion. It is a fact that without sucking mothers milk one
cannot clear the way of life.
Growth and development include not only the physical changes, which will occur
from infancy to adolescence, but cultural changes such as changes in emotions,
personality, behaviour thinking and speech that children develop as they begin to
understand and interact with the world around them. To understand a childs changing
and emerging growth and development is an important part of parenting.
The habit of putting the thumb in the mouth for comfort or to relieve stress is
called thumb sucking. Some psychiatrist believe that thum sucking provides a mother
substitute and is caused by a need to cling to the mother.
Moreover, ultrasound scans have revealed that thumb sucking can start before birth, as
early as 15 weeks of conception whether this behaviour is voluntary or due to
random movements of the fetus in the womb is not conclusively known.
Thumb sucking is a behaviour, not a disorder. Child places his fingers or thumb,
behind the teeth, in contact with roof of the mouth and sucks the lips and teeth tightly
closed.
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NEED FOR STUDY
It is human to have a long childhood; it is civilized to have an even longer childhood.
Long childhood makes a technical and mental virtuoso out of man, but it also leaves a
lifelong residue of emotional immaturity in him.
-Erik Hamburger Erikson (1902-1904)
Thumb suckling in very early babies can be seen as an adorable habit by many
parents. However, as toddlers begin to teeth, many parents are concerned that habitual
sucking of thumb can damage emerging teeth or jaw structure. Is something to worry
about? Why do babies suck their thumbs? All children suck their thumb at same age?
Between 75% and 95% of all infants suck their thumb, making thumb sucking the
most prevalent kind of non-nutritive oral activity in infants and young children. Thumb
sucking continues in approximately 45% of American preschool children but in only 30%
Swedish children of the same age. In a significant percentage American 7-11 years old,
thumb sucking persists. Among in it, American Indian and African children thumb
sucking is rare.
Babies who are bottle fed are also more likely to suck their thumb rather than
babies who are breast fed. This is probably because breast feeding usually satisfies the
babys need to suck.
It is the baby who decides when she is ready to let go of the nipple. An American dental
association says the thumb sucking does not cause permanent problem with a teeth or jaw
line unless it is continued beyond 4-5 years of age. In teething babies thumb sucking does
not cause tooth decay.
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In 1922 Charis Barlow3
warned that thumb sucking introduced dirt and germs into
the mouth, caused adenoid inflammation, weakened the digestion and spoiled the mouth
and thumb shape.
Some pediatricians now recommended that no action against thumb sucking be
initiated during the first 2 or 3 years.
In any year , 1% to 30% of children suffer clinically significant psychiatric
disorders that should be treated and suicide is the 10th
leading cause of death among
children aged 1-14 years (Weiz and Jenson, 1999); Workman and prior 1997. The global
burden of disease study indicates that by the year 2020, childhood neuropsychiatric
disorders will increase by more than 50% ultimately to become the fifth leading cause of
death.
From investigators, own experience and observation while posted in the pediatric
ward of Krishna Hospital and Civil Hospital., community posting and at Dr. Vidya Sagar
Mental Hospital, Amritsar, studied about thumb sucking and founded many children
sucking thumb. So we planned this study to give a need based health education to the
mother. Many other findings also proved that lack of knowledge regarding thumb
sucking of mothers of under five children is one of the significant problems in India and
there is a great need of research on this topic. So the investigators thought of assessing
and improving the knowledge of mothers. Therefore, this study had been undertaken to
assess the knowledge among mothers of under five children regarding thumb sucking.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
An exploratory study to assess the knowledge among mothers of under five children
regarding thumb sucking in selected village Bughipura Moga, Punjab.
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PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of the study is to assess the knowledge deficit areas of mothers of under five
children regarding thumb sucking and to prepare the guidelines. So that the mothers of
under five children will adopt safe and correct methods to stop thumb sucking habit in
her child and prevent further complications related to thumb sucking.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To assess the knowledge level of mothers of under five children regarding thumbsucking.
2. To find out the relationship between the knowledge and selected demographicvariables such as age, education, occupation of mother and father, family monthly
income, type of family, caste and source of information.
3. To prepared guidelines for mothers of under five children regarding thumbsucking.
ASSUMPTIONS
The mothers of the under five children may have some knowledge regardingthumb sucking.
The mothers of under five children may feel free to clear their doubts regardingthumb sucking.
OPERATIONAL DEFINATIONS
1. AssessIn this study asses refers to process by which the knowledge of mothersis evaluated regarding thumb sucking.
2. Knowledge it refers to the factual information that mothers of under fivechildren already have regarding thumb sucking.
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3. Mothers of below five childrenit refers to the mother having children under fiveyears living in the selected village in Moga.
4. Thumb Sucking Sucking is the infants chief pleasure; they get love, affectionand satisfaction. According to psychoanalytic theory an infant do thumb sucking
if it lacks sufficient oral satisfaction through sucking to obtain food. Psychiatrist
believed that thumbsucking reflects a Clinging need or act as a substitute for
mother.
DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The study is limited to the mothers of under five children who;
1. Are living in the selected village of Moga.2. Knows either English or Punjabi language.3. Were willing to participate in the study.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
A conceptual framework for nursing practice is a systematically constructed,
scientifically based and logically related set of concepts. A conceptual model is a network
of concept in relationship that account for broad nursing phenomenon.
The conceptual framework deals with the interrelated concepts that are assembled
together in some rational schemes by writing of their relevance to a common theme (Polit
and Beck, 2004)
SHOOTERexplains that conceptual framework formulize the thinking process
so that others may read and know the frame of reference basic to research problem.
RED MAN (1975) ROGI (1973) suggested that a conceptual model determines
how the world is viewed and what aspect of world is to be taken in account.
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The conceptual framework was based on concept drawn from DORTHY
OREMS SELF CARE DEFICIT MODEL. The framework of present study is based
on Modified Dorathy Orems Self Care Theory (1997). Orem represents five theoretical
concepts.
Self care Self care agency Self care deficit Self care demand Nursing system
Self care: it is the behaviour that exist in concrete life situations directed by persons to
self or to environment to regulate factors that affect their own development and
functioning in interest to life, health or well being. In the present study mothers of
below five children are the agent.
THEORY OF SELF CARE HAS THREE COMPONENTS:-
Universal self care requisites: These include activities which are essential to the health
and vitality.
Development self care requisites: These includes the interventions and teachings
designed to return a person to or sustain a level of optimal health and well being.
Health deviation self care requisites: This on compasses the variations in self care
which may occur as a result of disability, illness and injury.
Self care agency: it is the humans ability or power to engage care agencies are the
sample of the study i.e. mothers aged between 20 to 35 years. The mothers ability
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engaged in self care can be affected by the conditioning factors such as age of mother,
education of mother, caste, occupation of father, type of family etc.
Self care deficit: it is an ability to meet own therapeutic self care demands, those actions
necessary to maintain function and promote development, deficit, inability to fulfillment
of needs of baby.
Self care demand: it is an action or the totality of self care action to be performed for
some duration in order to meet self care requisites by using valid methods e.g. to
maintain good mother child relationship.
Nursing System: it describes and explains the relationships that must be brought about
and maintained for nursing to be performed. Three nursing systems are described by
Orem based on dependency they are; wholly compensatory, partially compensatory and
supportive education system. In this study mothers have ability to meet their childs need
with proper guidance.
Wholly compensatory nursing system: where is the nurse compensates for the mothers
of under five children totally inability who has to perform these activities.
Partially compensatory nursing system: Where is the nurse compensating for mothers
of under five children partially inability who has to perform these activities.
Supportive and educative: Where is the nurse assist the mothers in decision making and
acquiring skill and knowledge regarding thumb sucking. In supportive education ,
nursing system health education is given to mothers of under five children regarding
thumb sucking.
ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT
The study is presented in following five chapters;
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I. Chapter; Introduction of the studyII. Chapter; Review of literatureIII. Chapter; Research Methodology is presented which includes research
approach, research design, selection and description of field for study,
population and selection of sample, sampling techniques, criteria for sample
selection, development of the tool, description of tool, criteria measures,
content validity, try out of the tool, pilot study, reliability of the tool, ethical
consideration, data collection procedure, difficulties faced during the study,
plan of data analyses.
IV. Chapter; Analysis and interpretation of data in terms of descriptive andinferential statistics and discussion.
V. Chapter; Summary, Conclusion, Implications and RecommendationsSummary
This chapter is focused on the introduction of the study, need for the study, statement of
the problem, purpose of the study, objectives of the study, assumptions, delimitations of
the study, operational definitions, conceptual framework and organization of the report.
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CHAPTERII
REVIEW
OF
LITERATURE
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Introduction:-
Review of literature is key step in research process. Review of literature refers to an
extensive, exhaustive & systematic examination of publication relevant to the research
projects. Nursing research may be considered a continuing process in which knowledge
gained from earlier studies is an integral part of research, is general.
The review of literature is defined as Broad comprehensive in depth, systematic
and critical review of scholarly publication unpublished scholarly print material and
audio visual material (CR Kothari, 2000)8
Thus review of literature helps in many ways starting from selection &
formulation of problem, Providing conceptual frame work for study, assess feasibility.
In this study the review of literature falls, under following headings:-
a) Review of literature r/T to knowledge regarding thumb sucking.b) Review of literature r/T to practice, of thumb sucking in children.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE RELATED TO KNOWLEDGE
Brooks MB9;as advisor and counselor of mothers, a physician can contribute greatly to
preventive medical care of infants. Advice can be given piecemeal, but according to a
problem. At birth the mother is reminded of the importance of emotional environment in
shaping of the life and personality of the child. The most important thing the mother and
father do during the first year is enjoy their body. At six months each monthly visit
includes a discussion period.
Tewari A, Gauba K, Goval A (1994)11
concluded that he knowledge about infant dental
care (as a Part of Primary Preventive Programme) was delivered by the existing health
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team of CHC viz. Medical doctors, multipurpose workers, health workers, Anganwadi
workers, after due training from the dental experts, in the rural community of Raipur
Rani.
D.D.D.J.H. Sillman Associate visiting Dentist:- In a group of sixty children in which
serial studies were made from birth to 14 year of age, there were twenty thumb-suckers.
Records were made before thumb-sucking started, while it was in effect & after it had
stopped.
Parental & expert responses to thumb-sucking underwent significant changes
during the twentieth century.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE RELATED TO KNOWLEDGE
Thomas Chandler12
, an American physician, was the first to raise medical concerns
about thumb sucking. In his 1878 article in the Boston Medical & Surgical Journal, the
precursor of the new England Journal of Medicine, he emphasized its dire dental
consequences.
John B. Watson14
; The behaviorist John B. Watson rejected instinct as an explanation
for human behavior. In the psychological care of the infant and child (1928) he promoted
child-rearing practices based on his belief that children are made, not born, and that
almost all behavior result from conditioning.
W.H. Littlefield B.D.S. (Durham), H.D.D. (Edinburgh) (2004)15
. Thumb sucking is
common habit occurring in about 17% of children. Ti is definite cause of dental
irregularity and the majority of thumb-suckers have a malocclusion either caused or
aggravated by the habit.
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Yassaci S, Rafieian M, Ghajari R16
; Department of orthodontics, Shahid Sadoughi
University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Yazd, Iran, States that any kind of
stress has a negative effect on the mood of people & stress resulting from war is no
exception.
Charles Anderson Aldrich and Mary Aldrich (1938)18
; Charles Anderson Aldrich &
Mary Aldrich, the authors of babies are human beings (1938) by contrast, viewed thumb
sucking as a prenatal sport designed to exercise the facial muscles.
Luther Holt19
; Recommended mittens or a splint to the elbow to prevent thumb sucking.
Charis Barlow (1922)
20
; He warned that thumb sucking introduced dirt and germs into
the mouth and thumb shape, caused adenoid inflammation, weakened the digestion and
spoiled the mouth and thumb shape.
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CHAPTER- III
METHODOLOGY
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METHODOLOGY
Research methodology refers to the methods the researcher use in performing research
operations (Kothari C.R.2004)
Methodology of research indicates the general patterns of organizing procedure to gather
valid and reliable data for an investigation. This chapter deals with methodology adapted
for An Exploratory study to assess the knowledge among mothers of under five children
regarding thumb sucking in selected village, Bughipura Moga.
It includes the following:-
Research approach Research design Selection description of field study Population and selection of samples Sample size and sampling techniques Criteria for sample selection Development of the cool Description of the tool Criteria measures Content validity Try out of the tool Pilot study Reliability of tool Ethical consideration Data collection during the study
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Data collection procedure Difficulties faced during the study Plan of data analysis Summary
Research Approach
Research approach is most significant part of any research. The appropriate choice of
research approach depends on the purpose of the study it is aimed to assess the
knowledge among mothers of under five children regarding thumb sucking in selected
villages of Moga, Punjab.
Research Design
A research design incorporates the most important methodology design that a researcher
workers in conducting a research study (Polit and Beck, 2004). The central purpose of
research design is to maximize the amount of control that an investigator held over the
research situation and variables.
Independent Variables
In this study the independent variables are age of a mother, education of mother,
occupation of mother, education of father occupation of father family monthly income,
type of family caste.
Dependent Variables
In this study the dependent variables is knowledge of mother of under five children
regarding thumb sucking.
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Selection and description of for study
The village selected for the study was of district Moga, Punjab. The total population of
the village is approximately 3130. The reason for selecting this village was easy
availability of sample administrative approach, co-operation. Permission was taken from
the sarpanch of for conducting the study.
Population
Acc. to Polit and Beck (2004) a population is an aggregate or totality of all subjects that
possess a set of specifications. The target population of present study mothers of under
five children aged 20-25 yrs living in selected village of Moga, Punjab.
Sampling is process of selecting a portion of the population to represent the entire
population (Polit and Beck, 2004). The subjects of the present study were selected by
using convenient sampling techniques. Sample was taken from the village Bughipura of
Moga.
Sample and Sampling Technique
The investigators selected a sample of 30 mothers of under five children with age group
20-35 yrs in the village Bughipura, Moga, Punjab by using convenient sampling
technique.
Criteria Fro Sample Selection
Mother of under five children living in the selected village of Moga.
Mother of under five children could speak either English or Punjabi.
Mothers of under five children willing to participate in the study.
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Development of the Tool
As the study was to assess the knowledge regarding thumb sucking among mother of
under five children in selected village of Moga. There fore the tool was prepared to assess
the children five children living in selected village of Moga.
Description of the Tool
A structured multiple choice questionnaire to assess the knowledge of mothers of under
five children regarding thumb sucking. The review of literature expert opinions and
investigators own
experiences provided the basis for construction of tool. Tool consist of following Parts:-
Part-1 sample Characteristics
The part consist of items for obtaining personal information about subject such as age of
mother, education of a mother, occupation of mother, education of father, occupation of
father, family monthly income type of family.
Pat-2 a Structured Questionnaire to assess the knowledge of mothers of under
children regarding thumb sucking
A total of 18 question were included and such question were include and each question
has a score of 1 marks each question has four responses out of which respondent had to
choose the correct one. For correct response the score was 0, so the maximum score was
30 minimum score was 0.
Criteria Measures
The criteria measure used in the study if knowledge score on child care of under five
children. The knowledge score refers to the total obtained scores of the knowledge items
in structured questions by mother of under five children in selected village Bughipura.
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Reliability of the Tool
Reliability of the tool was computed by split half method and was calculated by karl
Pearsons coefficient formula, which was found to be r=0.98. Hence, the tool was highly
reliable.
Data Collection Procedure
Data collection was done from 15th
march to 10th
April 2013. The purpose and objectives
were discussed with sarpanch of selected village Moga. The respondents were selected
both in morning and evening time. The time given for the answer was half an hour on the
last day of data collection guidance on thumb sucking was given to mothers under five
children.
Difficulties Faced During the Study
Data collection was time consuming.
Many times investigator had to wait for subjects.
Plan for Data Analysis
Analysis and interpretation of data was done by using description and inferential statistics
such as mean, percentage, stand age, deviation, correlation coefficient and T-test etc.
SUMMARY
This chapter deals with the research approach design, selection and description of field
for study. Population and selection of sample, sampling techniques, criteria for sample
selection, development of the tool, pilot study, reliability of the tool, ethical
consideration, data collection procedure, difficulties faced during the study, Plan of Data
analysis.
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CHAPTERIV
ANALYSIS
AND
INTERPRETATION
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DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Data analysis enables the researcher to reduce summarize, organize, evaluate and
communicate numerical information. This chapter deals with the analysis and
interpretation of data obtained from sample of 30 mothers of under five children of age
group 20-35 yrs. In selected village of Bughipura, Moga, Punjab.
The data collected during the course has been analyzed by using descriptive and
inferential statistics. In descriptive statistic mean, percentage and standard deviation were
used for analyzing the distribution of respondents according to their demographic
characteristics. Result o study are shown in form of tables & figures.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1. To assess the knowledge level among mothers of under five children regardingthumb sucking.
2. To find out the relationship between the knowledge and selected demographicvariables such as age of mother, education of mother, occupation of mother,
family monthly income, type of family, caste and source of information.
3. To prepare guidelines for mothers of under five children regarding thumbsucking.
ORGANIZATION OF DATA
The raw data collected were entered in a master sheet and analyzed and interpreted using
descriptive or inferential statistics. The data was organized and presented under following
sections:-
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Section I: Sample characteristics
Section II: Findings related to knowledge with different demographical variables like age
of mother, education of mother, occupation of mother and father, family monthly income,
number of children and source of information.
SECTIONI
SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS
TABLEI
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS
(N=30)
S. NO. SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS n
PERCENTAGE
1. Age of mother in years
2023 5 16.6%
2427 8 26.6%
2831 10 33.3%
3235 7 23.5%
2. Education of mother
Illiterate 8 26.6%
Primary 2 6.8%
Secondary 5 16.6%
Graduate and above 15 50%
3. Occupation of father
Housewife 16 53.3%
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Labourer 3 10%
Govt. Job 4 13.3%
Private job 7 23.4%
4. Education of father
Illiterate 5 16.6%
Primary 6 20%
Secondary 10 33.4%
Graduate and above 9 30%
5. Occupation of father
Govt. Job 5 16.6%
Private job 14 46.6%
Labourer 3 10%
Farmer 8 26.8%
6. Family monthly income in rupees
15001 4 13.3%
7. Type of family
Nuclear 18 60%
Joint 12 40%
8. Caste
General 20 66.6%
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BC 4 13.4%
SC 6 20%
9. No. of children
1 6 20%
2 16 53.4%
3 5 16.6%
>3 3 10%
TABLE1 AND FIG 3 (a) TO 3 (J)
Showing that a significant number of mother of under five children i.e. 23.5% belong to
age group 32-35 years, followed by age group 28-31 yrs (33.3%) and 26.6% in age group
24-27 yrs and minority of mother i.e. 16.6% were in age group 20-23 yrs.
According to education of mother a significant number of mother of under five children
i.e. 50% are from graduate and above followed by illiterate (26.6%) and 16.6% were
secondary and lowest percentage is 6.8% of graduate or above.
According to education majority of mother of under five children i.e. 53.3% were
housewives followed by 23.4% of private job, 13.3% of govt. job and lowest percentage
is 10% of labourer.
In education of father, a significant number of mother of under five children i.e. 33.4%
whose husbands educational status was secondary followed by graduate and above 30%
and primary (20%) and the minority of mother of under five children i.e. 16.6% were
whose husbands educational status was illiterate or noting.
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In occupation of father a significant number of under five children i.e. 46.6% whose
husbands occupation status was private job followed by 26.8% farmer and govt. job
(16.6%) and the minority of mother of under five children i.e. 10% were whose husband
were labourer.
Regarding family monthly income in rupees majority of mothers of under five children
5.4% were having family monthly income of < 5000 Rs. Followed by 20% who had their
family monthly income 500/- 10000 Rs. And 13.3% who had their family monthly
income 10001-15000 Rs. And majority of mothers of under five children i.e. 13.3% were
having family monthly income is >15001 Rs.
According to type of family 60% of mothers belonged to nuclear families followed by
40% to joint families.
Regarding caste 66.6% of mothers of under five children belonged to general category,
20% belonged to SC category and the minority of mothers of under five children
belonged to BC category is 13.4%.
According to No. of children, 53.4% mothers of under five children are having 2 children
followed by 20% having 1 child and 16.6% having 3 children. The minority of mothers
of under five children i.e. 10% are having children >3.
According to source of information a significant number of mothers of under significant
number of mothers of under five children i.e. 46.6% gained knowledge about thumb
sucking from family members followed by 26.8% of mothers of under five children taken
information from friends and relatives, 16.6 had taken from mass media. Minority of the
mothers of under five children i.e. 10% taken the information from health personnel.
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3 (a) Percentage distribution of mothers of under five children according to age of
mother.
3 (b) Percentage distribution of mothers of under five children according to education of
the mother.
16.60%
26.60%
33.30%
23.50%
20-23 yrs
24-27 yrs
28-31 yrs
32-35 yrs
26.60%
6.8%
16.60%
50% Illiterate
Primary
Secondary
Graduate and above
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3 (c) Percentage distribution of mothers of under five children according to occupation of
the mother.
3 (d) Percentage distribution of mothers of under five children according to education of
the father.
53.30%
10%
13.30%
23.40%
Housewife
Labourer
Govt. Job
Private Job
16.60%
20%
33.40%
30%
Illiterate
Primary
Secondary
Graduate andabove
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3 (e) Percentage distribution of mothers of under five children according to occupation of
the father.
3 (f) Percentage distribution of mothers of under five children according to family
monthly income.
16.60%
46.60%
10%
26.80%
Govt. Job
Private Job
Labourer
Farmer
53.40%
13.30%
20%
13.30%
< 5000 Rs.
5001-10000 Rs.
10001-15000 Rs.
>15001 Rs.
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3 (g) Percentage distribution of mothers of under five children according to type of
family.
3 (h) Percentage distribution of mothers of under five children according to caste.
40%
60% Nuclear
Joint
66.60%
13.40%
20%
General
BC
Sc
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3 (i) Percentage distribution of mothers of under five children according to no. of
children.
3 (j) Percentage distribution of mothers of under five children according to source of
information
20%
53.40%
16.60%
10%
1
2
3
>3
46.60%
26.80%
10%
16.60%
Family members
Friends and relatives
Health Personnel
Mass Media
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SECTION - II
Objective 1:- To assess the knowledge level of mothers of under five children regarding
thumb sucking
TABLE2
Percentage distribution of knowledge score level of mothers of under five children
regarding thumb sucking.
S. NO. Level of
Knowledge
Score level n Percentage
1.
2.
3.
Good
Average
Below Average
2430
1623
05
4
8
18
13.4%
26.6%
60%
Maximum Score = 30
Minimum Score = 0
Table 2 and fig. 4 depicts that 13.4% of the mothers of under five children were having
good knowledge where as 26.6% of them had average knowledge and 60% had below
average knowledge regarding thumb sucking.
Thus it was indicated that significant number of mothers of under five children were
having level of knowledge below average.
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SECTION - III
Objective 1:- To find out the relationship between the knowledge and selected
demographic variables such as age of mother, education of mother, occupation of mother,
education of father, occupation of father, family monthly income, type of family, caste,
number of children and source of information.
TABLE3
Mean knowledge score of mothers of under five children regarding thumb sucking
according to age of mother.
N=30
MEAN KNOWLEDGE SCORE
Sr. no. Age in years n Mean SD
a. 20-23 5 21.8 5.32
b. 24-27 8 24.12 4.94
c. 28-31 10 30 5.51
d. 32-35 7 20.22 3.99
Maximum Score = 30
Minimum Score = 0
Table 3 and fig. 5 depicts that 13.4% of the mothers of under five children of age group
28-31 yrs. Had highest mean knowledge score (30) regarding thumb sucking followed by
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(24.12) in the age group 24-27 yrs and 21.8 in age group of 20-23 yrs and age group of
32-35 had lowest mean knowledge score (20.22) regarding thumb sucking.
Hence, it can be concluded that age of mother had high impact on the knowledge of
mothers of under five children regarding thumb sucking.
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TABLE4
Mean knowledge score of mothers of under five children regarding thumb sucking
according to occupation of father.
N=30
MEAN KNOWLEDGE SCORE
Sr. no. Occupation of father n Mean SD
a. Govt. job 5 17.33 5.09
b. Private job 14 17.42 5.76
c. Labourer 3 11.8 3.40
d. Farmer 8 14.23 4.08
Maximum Score = 30
Minimum Score = 0
Table 4 and fig. 6 shows that highest mean score of mothers of under five children
according to occupation of the father regarding thumb sucking was 17.42 whose
husbands were doing private job, followed by mothers of under five children whose
husbands were doing govt. job (17.33), farmer (14.23) and lowest mean knowledge score
of mothers of under five children is 11.8 whose husbands were labourer.
Hence, it can be concluded that occupation of father had impact on the knowledge of
mothers of under five children regarding thumb sucking.
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TABLE5
Mean knowledge score of mothers of under five children regarding thumb sucking
according to family monthly income.
N=30
MEAN KNOWLEDGE SCORE
Sr. no. Family monthly income n Mean SD
a. < 5000 16 13.17 4.07
b. 5001-10000 6 16.04 5.32
c. 10001-15000 4 17.12 5.23
d. >15001 4 20.14 2.37
Maximum Score = 30
Minimum Score = 0
Table 8 and fig. 7 shows that highest mean knowledge score of mothers of under five
children according to family monthly income regarding thumb sucking was 20.14 whose
family monthly income was > 1500 Rs., followed by mothers of under five children
whose family monthly income was 10001 15000 Rs. (17.12), mothers of under five
children whose family monthly income was 5001 10000 Rs. (16.04) and lowest mean
knowledge score of mothers of under five children is 13.17 mothers of under five
children whose family monthly income was < 5000 Rs.
Hence, it can be concluded that occupation of family monthly income had impact on the
knowledge of mothers of under five children regarding thumb sucking.
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TABLE6
Mean knowledge score of mothers of under five children regarding thumb sucking
according to type of family.
N=30
MEAN KNOWLEDGE SCORE
Sr. no. Type of family n Mean SD
a. Nuclear 18 15.41 5.05
b. Joint 12 14.19 5.07
Maximum Score = 30
Minimum Score = 0
Table 9 and fig. 8 shows that highest mean knowledge score of mothers of under five
children (15.41) regarding thumb sucking who belonged to nuclear families and the
lowest mean knowledge score (14.19) of mothers of under five children who belonged to
joint families.
Hence, it can be concluded that type of family had no impact on the knowledge of
mothers of under five children regarding thumb sucking.
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TABLE7
Mean knowledge score of mothers of under five children regarding thumb sucking
according to occupation of caste.
N=30
MEAN KNOWLEDGE SCORE
Sr. no. Caste n Mean SD
a. General 20 16.31 4.91
b. BC 4 13.63 4.21
c. SC 6 11.8 4.06
Maximum Score = 30
Minimum Score = 0
Table 10 and fig. 9 shows that highest mean knowledge score of mothers of under five
children. (16.31) belonged to general category followed by mothers of under five children
belonged to BC category (13.63) and the lowest mean knowledge score of mothers of
under five children (11.8) belonged to SC category.
Hence, it can be concluded that religion had high impact on the knowledge of mothers of
under five children regarding thumb sucking.
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TABLE8
Mean knowledge score of mothers of under five children regarding thumb sucking
according to No. of children.
MEAN KNOWLEDGE SCORE
Sr. no. No. of children n Mean SD
a. 1 6 18.52 5.88
b. 2 16 15.08 4.43
c. 3 5 10.7 4.41
d. > 3 3 11.75 2.22
Maximum Score = 30
Minimum Score = 0
Table 11 and fig. 10 shows that highest mean knowledge score of mothers of under five
children (18.52) regarding thumb sucking who have 1 child, followed by (15.08) the
mothers of under five children who have 2 children, (11.75) the mothers of under five
children who have >3 children and the lowest mean knowledge score (10.7) of mothers of
under five children who have 3 children.
Hence, it can be concluded that no. of children had high impact on the knowledge of
mothers of under five children regarding thumb sucking.
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MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
Majority of the mothers of under five children 26.6% were in the group 24-27years, 50% of mothers of under five children had graduate and above. The
majority of mothers of under five children 53.3% were housewives, 33.4% of
mothers of under five children were those whose husbands had secondary
education level, 46.6% of mother of under five children were those whose
husbands were doing private jobs, 53.4% of the mothers belonged to the < 5000
Rs. Group of family monthly income. The majority of mothers of under five
children 60% were from nuclear family and 66.6% belonged to general category,
53.4% of mothers of under five children had 2 children and 46.6% had family
members as their source of information.
Majority of mothers of under five children 60% were having below averageknowledge, followed by 26.6% of them have average knowledge and only 13.4%
of them had good knowledge about thumb sucking.
Highest mean knowledge score of mothers of under five children (30) were in agegroup 28-31 years and the lowest mean knowledge score of mothers of under five
children (20.22) were in the age group 32-35 years.
Highest mean knowledge score of mothers of under five children (17.42) were ingroup of private job in occupation of father and the lowest mean knowledge score
of mothers of under five children (11.80) were in group of labourer in occupation
of father.
Highest mean knowledge score of mothers of under five children (20.14) were inthe group of >15001 Rs. In family monthly income and the lowest mean
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knowledge score of mothers of under five children (13.17) were in group of