an environment for interactive service specification laboratoire lsr logiciels systèmes réseaux...
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An An environmentenvironment for Interactive for Interactive Service Service SpecificationSpecification
Laboratoire LSRLogiciels Systèmes RéseauxSoftware, Systems, Networks
K. Berkani, R. Cave, S. Coudert, F. Klay,P. Le Gall, Farid Ouabdesselam, J.-L. Richier
France Télécom R&D, Lannion, FranceLaMI, Université d’Evry, France
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Summary Undesired interactions at the requirements
level : a subjective notion, efficiency and effectiveness of property-based detection
A new feature integration method with filtering: composition, static validation, dynamic validation
Interaction expert-based “fault model”, interaction patterns, automated generation of animation guides towards interaction-prone situations
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Singling out undesired feature interactions
Set of behaviors
Interactions
Undesired interactions
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Interactions : a subjective notion
Loose definition of interactions(imprecise, partial and subjective)
Absolute definition of interactions(precise, complete and indeniable)
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Interaction detectionusing properties
Interactions
Undesired interactions
Strong P
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Interaction detectionusing properties
Interactions
Undesired interactions
Weak P
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Interaction detectionusing properties
Interactions
Undesired interactions
specific Pi = above approximationi
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A new feature integration method with filtering
Facts Interactions : a subjective trait of service
operation Proof or model checking-based detection is
hopeless General purpose detection criteria are
mostly not scalable Designers’ expertise is essential Use analogy between feature integration
and testing
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A new feature integration method with filtering
Objectives Tool-based and expert-oriented service
integration methodology at the requirements level
Interactive specification and detection processes with automation of repetitive tasks
Joint and incremental elaboration of a specification <Sys , Prop> describing any service or a system resulting from the integration of several (features) services to POTS
Use filtering to adjust Prop
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Sorting outinteraction revealing properties
Undesired interactions
specific Pi
Static and dynamic validation techniques
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Sorting outinteraction revealing properties
Undesired interactions
specific Pi
Static and dynamic validation techniques
•
•
• •
•• ? •
Instances (traces)<P+, P-, P?>
i
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Feature integration principles
Composition
Testing/Animating
Library of service specifications
SysF & PropFSysS |≈ PropS
Sys |~ Propdiagnostic
failure verdict
Sys |≈ Prop
success
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Composition
Feature integration process
Stage 1 Stage 2
Staticvalidation
DynamicValidation
(testing/animation)
Interactioncriteria
<SysS’ , PropS’>
Env description
Trace not ok
Violation ofP PropF
Composition
criteria
<Syss , PropS>
<SysF , PropF>
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Specification language No strong distinction between Sys and Prop Language : State Transition Rules Sys = rules + constraints on events Rules
<{xy} | dialwait(x), idle(x) [dial(x,y)] calling(x,y)><{xy} | OCS(x,y), dialwait(x), idle(x)
[dial(x,y)] OCS(x,y), calling(x,y)> Constraints on events
<{} | not idle(x) not offhook(x)> Properties : invariants
For POTS : <{} | idle(x) not linebusy(x)> For OCS : <{xy} | OCS(x,y) not logcaller(x,y)>
Formal semantics fully stated : various translations are possible
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Integration : stage1 Integrating POTS, F1, F2 : to control complexity
POTS + F1 , POTS + F2 (POTS + F1) + F2 and/or (POTS + F2) + F1
Composition criteria : operation + consists of modifying the system or service specification on which the integration is based
Intertwined composition and static validation steps Naïve union of the specifications Incremental specification adjustment :
Classification of Prop into P+, P-, P?
Refinement of Sys : rule deletion, reinforcement Aid : methodology « à la B » (requirements engineering
heuristics, consitency obligations) and integration historical record
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Integration : stage2 Service animation and guided reactions from
the environment
Guides : behavioral schemas
Automatic behavioral schema generation Interaction expert-based « fault model » Interaction pattern language (specification language
enrichment) Pattern matching in a service specification
Putting behavioral schemas into operation : Lutess
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The Lutess tool
System under test
environmentconstraints
Test datagenerator
Oracle
requirements verdict
code or specification
Traceanalyzer
operational profilesbehavioral schemassafety properties
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Dynamic validation using Lutess
Synchronousreactive
unitunder test
Simulator
Oracle
Prop Verdict
Sys
Trace Analyzer
Env constraints+
Behavioral schemas
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The synchronous approach Instantaneous reactions to external events All components evolve simultaneously
THUS all transitions are observable internal actions are hidden=> the state space is reduced
=> more concise traces
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Specification synchronous animation
Pots1: < | idle(X) [offhook(X)] dialwait(X) >
Set of values for the variables (ex: U = {A, B, C})
Initial state (ex : Q0 = {idle(A), idle(B), idle(C)} )
+
+
I OSys
Q0
+Service subscription parameters (ex: TCS(A, C), CFB(B, C))
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ISys
Constraint Random
Generator
Environment constraints :-Instantaneous: not dial(A, A)-Temporal: always_from_to(onhook(A), offhook(A), offhook(A)) always_from_to(offhook(A), onhook(A), onhook(A))
Behavioral schemas
0
Test data generation
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Behavioral schemas roles To state users’ expectations (requirements)
To guide testing in situations to be observed
Situations of interest : Suspected interactions Identified by service designers’ expertise Related to the service bouquet model
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Behavioral schema example
Explicit Call Transfer service : allows a user who has two calls in progress, to connect together his two parties.
Talking(A,B) Hold(A,B)
not On(A)& not On(B)
Dial(A,C) Off(C) ECT(A,B,C)Idle(C) &
not On(A)& not On(B)
not On(A)& not On(B)& not On(C)
not On(A)& not On(B)
Guiding into a specific situation
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Behavioral schema construction
Using an expert-designed “fault model” which provides a classification of potential interactions,
independent from architectures and services associates to every interaction-prone situation a specific
interaction pattern in the form of a sequence of “normalized” actions
and applying an algorithm which automatically retrieves the patterns through a traversal of the state
transition rule set generates the corresponding behavioral schemas sequences
of events
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Generic “fault model”for interaction classification
Non determinism Local to a single service Inter services
One subscriber Several subscribers
Deadlock (no reaction) Security violation Bad resource handling
One single resource The resource is persistent …………………..
Two dependent resources …………………………………….
…………………………………………………
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Interaction patterns
Controlers
Rights Level
Resources
OwnerActions (I/R/W/T/...)Meta actionsExamples of patterns
C.T(R) then C'.W(R), C C' (one non persistent resource)
Rem_auth(C, C', A, R) RL(C) ≤ RL(C') owner(R) = C' then A(C', R) (security violation)
C.I(R) then not C.T(R) then C'.I(R') R ~ R' then idle then C'.R(R) (two dependent resources with persistence)
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Specification annotations
Pots2 : < A B | dialwait(A), idle(B), not TCS(A, B)
[dial(A, B)]
hearing(A, B), ringing(B, A)>
// A.I(o_callee(A), B) // B.I(t_caller(B), A) // B.T(t_caller(B)) // B.I(t_callee(B), B)
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Behavioral schemas generation
Offhook(A)
dial(A, B) not idle(B) CFB(B, C) TCS(A, C)
not Onhook(A)
Specification
Interaction pattern
Behavioralschema
C.T(R) then C'.W(R), CC'
POTS+TCS+CFB
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Conclusion - Perspectives Our thesis :
Declaring an interaction undesired is subjective Feature detection inefficiency comes from the huge
number of potential interactions Service designers’ expertise is essential to classify
interactions Tool encompassing designers’ expertise is under
development Effectiveness of the “fault model” has been confirmed
by benchmarking Genericity of the “fault model” is being evaluated Efficient behavioral schemas generation is under study
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Behavioral schema example
Charge Call : to charge a call to another party
pre DialTone(A) and Dial(A,0) Dial(A,B) Dial(A,C)
not On(A) not On(A) not On(A)
Dial(A,code(C))