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An Enduring Symbol of Freedom Honoring Our 16 th US President Lincoln Memorial National Memorial

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Lincoln Pre-Presidency Honest Abe Born February 12, 1809 of humble beginnings in one room log cabin near Hodgenville, Kentucky Raised in rural Kentucky and frontier Indiana at age 21, family moved to Illinois Primarily self-educated with strong work ethic and affinity for books taught himself law Supplemented income by chopping wood, splitting rails (logs), working as county deputy surveyor and handling routine legal work for small fees Voluntarily served 81 days but saw no action during Black Hawk War (1832) at age 23, elected captain of his company a distinction opening up new avenues for his adult life

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Lincoln Pre-Presidency Appointed New Salem postmaster by President Andrew Jackson (Democrat) receiving $55 annual salary, despite Lincolns support of Republican candidate Henry Clay in presidential election that re-elected Jackson (1832) Held seat in Illinois state legislature (1834-1842) re-elected to position 3 times as Whig politician Assisted move of former state capitol of Vandalia (1819-1839) to Springfield, Illinois where he began his legal career (1839) Held seat in Illinois 7 th congressional district to US House of Representatives (1846-1848) When Whig Party imploded, switched to Republican Party (mid-1850s)

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Honest Abe: Fast Facts Received nickname Honest Abe turned over wages to family until age 21; paid back $1,000 loan over 17 years; returned 6 cents overcharge to customer are some examples of truthfulness As successful traveling attorney, carried important papers in the band of his famously-worn fur-lined stovepipe hat Marriage to Mary Todd from wealthy slave-holding family (1842) produced 4 boys only son Robert lived to adulthood descendant of Roberts lineage (Lincolns great grandson) died in 1985 as last undisputed blood descendant leaving no living heirs US tallest president at 64 stature Lincoln Logs invented by John Lloyd Wright (1916), son of Frank Lloyd Wright (whose birth name was Frank Lincoln Wright) the rustic timeless toy also named after Abraham Lincoln

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Lincoln The President The Great Emancipator 1 st Republican president elected (1860) re-elected 1864 Throughout political career, sought to maintain ideals of Nation's founders and his belief in principles of Declaration of Independence government of the People, by the People, for the People Believed slavery violated fundamental assertion of Declaration of Independence that all men are created equal Upon election (1860), debate over slavery and states' rights fueled rebellion 7 slave states left Union to form Confederate States of America 4 more joined when hostilities began between North and South Oversaw greatest internal conflict in US history the Civil War (1861-1865) between North and South states resulting in loss of more than 600,000 Americans

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Lincoln The President Created National Banking System standardizing US currency and creating uniform monetary policy (National Banking Act 1863) Legacy defined by preserving Union during Civil War and signing Emancipation Proclamation (1863) a decree leading to 13th Amendment and freedom as enduring American birthright Congress approved 13th Amendment abolishing slavery and freeing most of Americas 4 million slaves (1865) Gettysburg Address delivered after Battle of Gettysburg during dedication of Soldiers' National Cemetery (1863) and 2 nd Inaugural Address (1865) considered great orations in US history Hear Audio of Gettysburg Address Hear Audio of 2 nd Inaugural Address 1 st US president to be assassinated (Good Friday - April 1865) by famous actor and Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth 5 days after Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered army ending Civil War

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President: Fast Facts At forefront of American politics for only 6 years 1 st major US leader to believe women should have right to vote Only US president to obtain patent for invention A Device for Buoying Vessels Over Shoals (1849) Believed to have dreamed of his death at least twice in weeks leading up to assassination Interred at Oak Ridge Cemetery (Springfield, Illinois) with son Willie who died in White House of typhoid fever (1862) Plot also included simultaneous assassinations of Vice President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William H. Seward (2 successors) hoping to throw US government into disarray search for Booth was one of largest manhunts in history involving 10,000 federal troops, detectives and police

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Lincoln The Memorial Grandeur for Man of Humble Character Located on National Mall in Washington D.C. Built between 1914-1922 (8 years to complete) Measuring at 204 ft long, 134 ft wide and 99 ft high, stands as colossal testament to Lincolns enormous impact in shaping nation Neoclassical design by American Beaux-Arts architect Henry Bacon to resemble ancient Greek Doric temple Peristyle of 36 44-ft external fluted columns symbolize number of states in Union at time of Lincolns death names carved in frieze directly above 19-ft high white Georgian marble sculpture of Lincoln sitting in contemplation located in central hall carved by Piccirilli Brothers under supervision of sculptor Daniel Chester French

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Lincoln The Memorial 2 large murals Emancipation and Unity painted by Jules Guerin adorn north and south side chamber walls above carved inscriptions of Gettysburg and 2 nd Inaugural Addresses Architectural sculptor Ernest C. Bairstow completed interior carvings of Gettysburg and 2 nd Inaugural Addresses and exterior carvings of eagles, states, festoons and wreathes Blend of stone includes white Colorado yule marble for exterior, Indiana limestone for interior walls, pink Tennessee marble for floor and Alabama marble for ceiling 1 st stone of Indiana limestone quarried from Marble, Colorado installed on February 12 th (1914) Lincolns birthday http://awesometalks.wordpress.com/2009/03/21/the-lincoln- memorial-construction-dedication-photographs/

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Lincoln The Memorial Americans desired memorial in nations capital soon after Lincolns death (1865) Congress incorporates Lincoln Monument Association to construct memorial (1867) design called for colossal-sized equestrian and pedestrian statues with 12-ft statue of Lincoln in center lack of funds stalled project New Lincoln Memorial Commission created by bill signed by President Taft and authored by Illinois US Senator Shelby M. Cullom and Speaker of US House of Representatives Joseph G. Cannon (from Illinois) to oversee new project sets aside $2 million in funds (1911) Final cost to build = $3 million

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Memorial: Fast Facts IN THIS TEMPLE AS IN THE HEARTS OF THE PEOPLE FOR WHOM HE SAVED THE UNION THE MEMORY OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN IS ENSHRINED FOREVER ~ Royal Cotissoz, New York Herald Tribune art critic Dedicated on May 30, 1922 57 years after Lincolns death surviving son Robert Todd Lincoln and Civil War veterans among 50,000 in attendance Names of 48 states in Union when memorial completed (1922) are carved in exterior attic walls Plaque commemorates subsequent admission of Alaska and Hawaii Site of one of US greatest political rallies during Civil Rights movement, the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom attracted 250,000 people Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gave famous "I have a dream" speech at event (1963) Ranks 7th on list of America's Favorite Architecture by American Institute of Architects (2007)

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Other Honors & Tributes Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial homestead and living history farm Spencer County, Indiana Lincoln Square in Washington DC 1 st site to bear his name during Civil War, site of Lincoln Hospital visited by Walt Whitman to comfort injured and dying soldiers Lincoln Highway 1 st coast to coast road across US (1913) Lincoln Presidential Library & Museum Springfield, Illinois Lincoln, Illinois Lincoln, Nebraska Lincoln, Rhode Island Portrait and memorial featured on US $5 bill and 1 penny Lincoln Tunnel, NYC Lincoln Park Chicago, Illinois Depicted in stone at Mount Rushmore National Memorial, South Dakota Two statues in England London and Manchester Statue in Ciudad Jurez, Chihuahua, Mxico Ballistic missile submarine Abraham Lincoln (SSBN-602) and aircraft carrier Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72)

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References Lincoln & Pre-Presidency, Honest Abe Content & Images Abraham Lincoln, Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln Facts, Abebooks.com - http://www.abebooks.com/blog/index.php/2009/02/11/10- facts-about-the-other-abe-abraham-lincolns-200th-birthday http://www.abebooks.com/blog/index.php/2009/02/11/10- facts-about-the-other-abe-abraham-lincolns-200th-birthday Facts - http://itthing.com/25-facts-about-abraham-lincolnhttp://itthing.com/25-facts-about-abraham-lincoln http://www.nps.gov/linc/historyculture/abraham-lincoln-the- man.htm National Park Service - http://www.nps.gov/linc/historyculture/abraham-lincoln-the- man.htm http://www.nps.gov/linc/historyculture/abraham-lincoln-the- man.htm Photos: Boyhood log cabin - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lincoln-Boyhood- NMem-farm.jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lincoln-Boyhood- NMem-farm.jpg Chopping wood Clip art illustration by Edward Eggleston in A First Book in American History (New York: American Book Company, 1889) Young Lincoln, Bronze Sculpture, Delaware Park, Buffalo, New York-Bryant Baker sculptor - Library of Congress - http://www.loc.gov/pictures/related/?fi=subject&q=Lincoln% 2C%20Abraham%2C--1809-1865-- Childhood%20and%20youth Lincoln, standing portrait - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abraham_Lincoln_standin g_portrait_1863.jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abraham_Lincoln_standin g_portrait_1863.jpg Stovepipe hat http://lincoln200.delaware.gov/information/23_LincolnsStov ePipeHat.shtml http://lincoln200.delaware.gov/information/23_LincolnsStov ePipeHat.shtml Lincoln, The President Content Abraham Lincoln, Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln National Park Service - http://www.nps.gov/linc/historyculture/abraham-lincoln-the-man.htm http://www.nps.gov/linc/historyculture/abraham-lincoln-the-man.htm Miller Center - http://millercenter.org/president/lincolnhttp://millercenter.org/president/lincoln Facts, Abebooks.com - http://www.abebooks.com/blog/index.php/2009/02/11/10- facts-about-the-other-abe-abraham-lincolns-200th-birthday/ http://www.abebooks.com/blog/index.php/2009/02/11/10- facts-about-the-other-abe-abraham-lincolns-200th-birthday/ Facts - http://itthing.com/25-facts-about-abraham-lincolnhttp://itthing.com/25-facts-about-abraham-lincoln Lincoln Logs - http://www.knex.com/Lincoln- Logs/history.phphttp://www.knex.com/Lincoln- Logs/history.php ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ Audio: Battle Hymn of Republic 1861 William Steffe / Julia Ward Howe, U.S. Army Bands Online (ABO) -public service by the Chief of Army Bands, http://www.archive.org/details/TheBattleHymnOfTheRepublic_993 http://www.archive.org/details/TheBattleHymnOfTheRepublic_993 Lincoln, The President Audio & Images Audio: Gettysburg address http://www.freeaudio.org/alincoln/gettysburgaddress.mp3 http://www.freeaudio.org/alincoln/gettysburgaddress.mp3 Audio: 2 nd Inaugural address http://www.freeaudio.org/alincoln/lincolns2ndinauguraladdr ess.mp3 Photo: Folsom Cordova Unified School District - http://www.fcusd.org/smsweb/Teacher%20Pages/Palmrose /1011/Tri%201/1st%20tri%20HTML/EK/index.html http://www.freeaudio.org/alincoln/lincolns2ndinauguraladdr ess.mp3 http://www.fcusd.org/smsweb/Teacher%20Pages/Palmrose /1011/Tri%201/1st%20tri%20HTML/EK/index.html Lincoln, The Memorial Content & Images Lincoln Memorial, Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial Lincoln Memorial Interactive, National Park Service - http://www.nps.gov/featurecontent/ncr/linc/interactive/deplo y/html/stills.html http://www.nps.gov/featurecontent/ncr/linc/interactive/deplo y/html/stills.html National Park Service, Library of Congress - http://www.nps.gov/featurecontent/ncr/linc/Linc2.html http://www.nps.gov/featurecontent/ncr/linc/Linc2.html Lincoln Library - http://www.alincoln-library.com/http://www.alincoln-library.com/ Construction - http://awesometalks.wordpress.com/2009/03/21/the-lincoln- memorial-construction-dedication-photographs/ http://awesometalks.wordpress.com/2009/03/21/the-lincoln- memorial-construction-dedication-photographs/ Abraham Lincoln Online - http://showcase.netins.net/web/creative/lincoln/sites/memor ial.htm http://showcase.netins.net/web/creative/lincoln/sites/memor ial.htm Photos: Aerial view, Library of Congress http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/highsm.04781/ Columns - http://awesometalks.wordpress.com/2009/03/21/the-lincoln- memorial-construction-dedication-photographs http://awesometalks.wordpress.com/2009/03/21/the-lincoln- memorial-construction-dedication-photographs Lincoln statue Lincoln Memorial Interactive, National Park Service, Joshua Cogan http://www.nps.gov/featurecontent/ncr/linc/interactive/deplo y/html/stills.html http://www.nps.gov/featurecontent/ncr/linc/interactive/deplo y/html/stills.html Emancipation & Unity National Park Service - http://www.nps.gov/featurecontent/ncr/linc/interactive/deplo y/html/stills.html http://www.nps.gov/featurecontent/ncr/linc/interactive/deplo y/html/stills.html Other Honors & Tributes Content National Park Service - http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/wash/dc87.htm http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/wash/dc87.htm Content and images on this site are believed to be posted within rights according to the U.S. Copyright Fair Use Act (title 17, U.S. Code.), and/or are readily available in various places on Internet and believed to be in public domain. Compiled by Susan Senning, San Mateo CA 2012