“an effect that is desired or expected to be achieved by an activity, project or program”

refer to the statement of the purpose for which the investigation is to be conducted.

They describe the aims or goals which are expected to be attained at the end of the research process.

1. they should be stated in simple language;

2. they use measurable concepts3. they should be attainable4. they should be result-oriented; and 5. they are time-bounded 

To formulate the right solution for an effective and reliable plastic.

To develop the quality of Polymer Blend Lamina as packaging material.

To determine the level of acceptability of the Polymer Blend Lamina as an alternative packaging material.

To determine if glycerin can be used as alternative in making soap/s.

Make use of theories in explaining why a certain phenomenon, the subject of the study occurred.

Basically, a theory is a set of concepts and their relations which explains predicts and interprets how

a particular phenomenon exists and operates.

The study was based from the statement of Richardson, that fibers contain cellulose Lignin that make fibers useful to human being, giving the fibers the quality of toughness and durability. Cellulose is the primary component of plant that makes it fibrous and the properties that play an important part in determining whether or not the fiber can be worked into durable materials.

The banana and waterlily are composed of soft and durable fibers produced a high quality percentage of cellulose such as Alpha cellulose and Lignin that makes fibers useful and can be potential in making environment-friendly packaging material. Cellulose that is biodegradable could help people lessen the wastes that are threatening to be the major problem of mankind.

The use of waterlily and banana as the main component of the study has the quality of fibers that is tough and durable which are applicable to produce a material with enough strength for packaging and related purposes through examining its variables capacity and standards.

The conceptual framework has the same function as the theoretical framework. The difference lies in the types of concepts which they use.

The difference lies in the types of concepts which they use of abstract concepts; the conceptual framework utilizes specific or well-defined ones which are called constructs.

INPUT

PolystyreneBanana Pseudo StemWaterlily StemMaterials/ tools and apparatusRespondentsQuestionnaire Checklist

PROCESS

Preparation of Materials

BoilingPolymer Blend FormulationSolidificationTesting for acceptabilityGathering of DataAnalysis and Interpretation of Data

OUTPUT

Packaging Material/ Polymer

Blend Lamina

Feedback

Coombs’ System Approach

considered as the most specific statement of a problem or objective. It is an educated or intelligent guess or prediction about the existence attribute or relationship between variables (characteristics or phenomena covered by the study)

“tentative explanation for certain behaviors, phenomena, or events which have occurred or will occur” Gay (1976)

1. provide guide and direction to the research,

2. indicate the major independent and dependent variables being considered,

3. suggest the type of data that must be collected,

4. also suggest the type of analysis that must be made.

1. It should be reasonable. This means that it should come from some basis for it to be reasonable.

2. It should state the relationship between variables.

3. It should be testable.

4. It should be based on previous findings.

Null Hypothesis

is a denial of an existence, an attribute, a relationship, a difference or an effect. Null means no existence or that is empty.

  What is the level of acceptability of the biodegradable plastic from cassava starch as packaging material as perceived by the respondents in terms of:1.1 odor,1.2 thickness,1.3 durability,1.4 flammability,1.5 water resistance?

There is no significant difference on the level of acceptability of the Biodegradable Plastic as packaging material as perceived by the two groups of respondents in terms of odor, thickness, durability, flammability, and water resistance.

Is the opposite of the null hypothesis. This indicates that it is predicted that there will be difference, relationship, effect or interaction between the variables.

There is a significant difference on the level of acceptability of the Biodegradable Plastic as packaging material as perceived by the two groups of respondents in terms of odor, thickness, durability, flammability, and water resistance.