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Page 1: An approach to share architectural drawing information and document information for automated code checking system

TSINGHUA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ISSN 1007-0214 28/67 pp171-178 Volume 13, Number S1, October 2008

An Approach to Share Architectural Drawing Information and Document Information for Automated Code Checking System*

Jungsik Choi**, Inhan Kim†

Department of Architectural Engineering, Kyung-Hee University, Yong-in Si 446-701, Korea; †College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kyung-Hee University, Yong-in Si 446-701, Korea

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to suggest a way of optimized managing and sharing information be-

tween standard architectural drawings and construction documents in Korea architectural industry for auto-

mated code checking system by linked STEP and XML. To archive this purpose, the authors have analyzed

current research and technical development for STEP and XML link and developed a prototype system for

sharing information between model based drawings and XML based construction documents. Finally, the

authors have suggested practical use scenario of sharing information through linked STEP and XML using

test case of automatic code checking. In the paper, the possibility of constructing integrated architectural

computing environment through exchange and sharing of drawing information and external data for the

whole building life-cycle, from the conceptual design stage to the construction and maintenance stage has

been examined. Automated code checking through linked STEP and XML could be enhanced through col-

laboration business, more completed code, improved building performance, and reduced construction costs.

Key words: STEP; XML; sharing and exchange; architectural drawing information; construction document

information

Introduction

The architectural industry consists of various and mas-sive architectural information as an architectural proc-ess includes a variety of design stages with cooperation of many disciplines. Particularly, architectural drawing information is generated and managed through the life cycle of a building, from conceptual design stage to the construction and maintenance stage. However, there are a lot of problems related to efficient sharing of ar-chitectural drawing information owing to the absence of model based architectural drawing information ex-change standard. To solve the above problem, several

studies have been made on sharing of architectural information by model (STEP[1]) based architectural drawing information and XML based construction documents. In Korea, Government has developed ISO/STEP based standard, Korea Standard of Drawing Information in Construction (KOSDIC[2]), for architec-tural drawing information sharing standard and devel-oped XML based common DTD for exchange the con-struction document effectively. However, the question of what would be the way to share information be-tween drawings and construction documents remains unsettled.

Therefore, it is necessary to investigate various ap-plying studies for sharing of efficient architectural in-formation through whole building life-cycle in archi-tectural fields. In this study, the authors would like to suggest a way of optimized managing and sharing in-formation between standard architectural drawings and

Received: 2008-05-30

* Supported by the Basic Research Program of the Korea & Engineer-ing Foundation (No. R01-2001-000-00467-0)

** To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]

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Tsinghua Science and Technology, October 2008, 13(S1): 171-178 172

construction documents in Korea architectural industry through linked STEP and XML using test case of automated code checking.

To archive this purpose, the authors analyzed current research and technical development for STEP and XML link and developed a prototype system for shar-ing information between model based drawings and XML based construction documents. Finally, the au-thors suggested practical use scenario of sharing in-formation through linked STEP and XML using test case of code checking.

STEP and XML have structured expression of data for drawing information and external data document information respectively. The authors structured docu-ment information for code checking by XML schema,

extracted entity for code checking in STEP file and converted entity information by XML schema. By us-ing this method, XML extracted from STEP and XML extracted from documents information could be com-pared and the legality could be checked.

1 Related Works Based on Automated Code Checking

Singapore’ Construction and Real Estate NETwork (CORENET) has been focused at developing a set of infrastructure and industry projects in order to provide government to business infrastructure to facilitate elec-tronic building plans submission, checking and ap-proval processes (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1 CORENET code checking process[3]

CORENET consists of e-submission system and in-tegrated plan checking. E-submission system is inter-net-based system for submitting electronic plans and documents for approval within a secure environment. Integrated plan checking is automated checking proc-ess for IFC based files and leading-edge systems that integrate expert knowledge in regulations, artificial intelligence (AI) and building information modeling (BIM) technologies[3-5].

International Code Council (ICC)’s SMARTcodes project has developed automate code compliance checking for the I-Codes and Federal, state (Fig. 2).

The automated code compliance check takes the

building plan as represented by BIM, and automati-cally checks for code compliance via model checking software (MCS).

Architect/designer uses BIM software to document and present their design, loads the BIM into MCS, ICC compares SMARTcodes with BIM, and Archi-tect/designer submits the BIM to the building depart-ment as part of their permit application[6-8].

Norway’ ByggSøk is a public system for electronic services in zoning and building matters. ByggSøk con-sists of three modules: an information system, a system for submission of building applications and a system for zoning proposals. ByggSøk has implemented

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electronic e-submission system similar to Singapore system, and these two countries have collaborated to

allow Norway to benefit from Singapore’s automatic code-checking system experience[9].

Fig. 2 Code checking utilizing SMARTcodes[6]

As shown in the analyzed results, related works based automated code checking uses BIM/IFC (3D standard). However, this study uses 2D CAD drawing using KOSDIC/STEP (2D standard). In Korean archi-tectural industry, architectural drawing information for exchange, delivery, and storage are 2D CAD data.

2 Development of a Key Technology for Automatic Code Checking

2.1 STEP and XML overview

In this study, the authors have applied STEP and XML technology for code checking, developed STEP/XML

linking and conversion technology for sharing infor-mation between STEP based architectural drawings and XML based construction documents. 2.1.1 STEP/AP202 overview and application STEP/AP202 specifies an application protocol (AP) for the exchange of computer-interpretable technical drawings which are generated in a computer-aided design/draughting (CAD) system[10].

Therefore, AP202 expresses information that is re-lated to revision, storage and utilization of created drawing information using CAD system. Also, AP202 includes structure for the expression of information about product shape, drawing administration, drawing annotation (Fig. 3).

Fig. 3 Data implementation area of STEP/AP202[10]

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Several countries like Germany STEP-Construction Drawing Subset (STEP-CDS), Japan Standard for CAD Data Exchange in Japanese Construction Field (SCADEC), Korea Korea Standard of Drawing Infor-mation in Construction (KOSDIC) have developed drawing standards based on the STEP/AP202 for an efficient and neutral drawing exchange among various

applications[11-12]. KOSDIC has been developed with the purpose of

creating a national standard for the electronic delivery of 2D construction drawings under the Construction CALS/EC system. Along with KOSDIC model devel-opment, software related to KOSDIC & drafting stan-dard has been developed (Fig. 4)[13].

Fig. 4 Software related to KOSDIC & drafting standard[13]

2.1.2 STEP/Part 28 overview and application XML is a simple, very flexible text format derived from SGML (ISO 8879). Originally designed to meet the challenges of large-scale electronic publishing, XML is also playing an increasingly important role in the exchange of a wide variety of data on the Web and elsewhere[14].

ISO published ISO 10303-28 (Part 28) for mapping method description of EXPRESS and XML. Also, through XML expression of EXPRESS data, various database and efficient link used in architectural indus-try are possible[15].

2.2 STEP data model for architectural drawing information sharing

STEP/AP202 contains various information through the life cycle of a building as well as expression of simple

geometry information. However, the scope of this study for exchange and sharing of architectural draw-ing information is 2D geometry information for ex-change, delivery, and storage of 2D CAD drawing. Because, more than 90% of Korean architectural draw-ings are generated to 2D CAD data[16].

Therefore, there are a lot of problem related to link-ing of STEP drawing information and external data documents in expression of simple shape information. In the study, the way of linking between drawing in-formation and external data documents is applied through using subfigure entity (Subfigure_organization, Subfigure_location) for application as product model. Subfigure (Block) is utilized much in creating 2D CAD drawings file in architectural industry, and link with external data is partially possible (Fig. 5).

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Fig. 5 Example of STEP physical file including subfigure entity

2.3 STEP data browser

STEP data is stored to Part21 physical file of struc-tured ASCII code according to functional information model. Therefore, it is necessary to develop STEP data browser for geometry/attribute information viewing, searching, and comparison of STEP data[16].

In this study, STEP data browser offers link function with architectural drawings viewing and code checking of architectural drawings in drawing information man-agement system using XML.

For the external linking through architectural draw-ings, STEP data browser should be able to search of information and select of the expressed subfigure en-tity in architectural drawings.

2.4 STEP/XML linking and conversion

STEP and XML could have structured expression of data for drawing information and external data docu-ments information. Therefore, STEP and XML can use linking without independent mutually.

In this study, the way of sharing between model based drawing information and XML based document information have suggested using test case of code checking. Therefore, conversion of regulation informa-tion and document information for code checking by XML, extracted entity for code checking in STEP file and converted entity information by XML schema are required.

Figure 6 illustrates the elevator subfigure example,

which converts STEP expression into XML expression.

Fig. 6 Example of conversion between STEP and XML

2.5 Regulation analysis

2.5.1 Building act analysis for code checking The architectural industry is applied various regulation as an architectural process includes a variety of design stages. However, the scope of applied regulation in this study for automatic code checking is building act. Building act is direction relation architectural drawings among other regulations (for example, housing act, urban and living environment improvement act, etc.).

There are some limitations in 2D drawing informa-tion for code checking through linked STEP and XML. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze regulation applica-tion for code checking based 2D drawing in building act. Owing to the absence of architectural object (for example, window, door, elevator, and stair, etc.) ex-pression in 2D based drawing, building acts have been classified into regulation application according to pos-sibility/partial possibility/impossibility (Table 1)[17]. 2.5.2 Elevator regulation In this study, the authors have extracted number of elevator (subfigure) in architectural drawing informa-tion, and extracted number of stories, gross floor area in construction documents for legality check of eleva-tor installation in architectural drawings. Finally, the extracted information in drawings and external docu-ments converted XML file is compared with elevator regulation XML file (Fig. 7).

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Table 1 Analysis of code checking application based 2D drawings in building act

Code checking Building act regulation

Possibility Partial possibility Impossibility

Outline (location, lot area, etc.)

Scale of building

Usage area of building

Length and width of road that contact to building site ×

profile sectional view and cross sectional view of building site ×

From construction line and the building site boundary line distance until of building

Parking traffic line and exterior parking planning

Position of column, wall, window

Position of fire partition and fire door

Position of corridor and stair, elevator

Fireproof construction and fire wall ×

Fig. 7 Comparison of XML files (extraction in drawing information and documents information (a), elevator regulation conversion (b))

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3 Prototype System and Practical use Scenario for Automated Code Checking

In this study, the authors have applied key technology for automated code checking and developed prototype system. Also, the authors have suggested practical use scenario of sharing information through linked STEP and XML using test case of code checking.

3.1 Prototype system for automatic code checking

3.1.1 Application of drawing and regulation In this study, architectural drawing information uses business building standard floor plan based 2D and regulation apply to elevator installation. 3.1.2 Code checking process In prototype system, information (entity) for code checking is extracted in architectural drawing (STEP file) and documents. Also, information extracted from drawing/documents and information of the extracted regulation are converted to XML file. By using this method, XML extracted from STEP and XML ex-tracted from documents information could be com-pared and the legality could be checked.

3.2 Practical use scenario for automatic code checking

The prototype system described in this study for auto-matic code checking can be utilized as follow:

(1) Architect generates architectural drawings based on STEP and checks geometry information of STEP drawing through STEP browser.

(2) Architect/Code checker selects “code checking & report” button in prototype system and begin code checking.

(3) Prototype system checks legality of elevator in-stallation regulation in drawings according to code checking process and expresses result of code checking (Figs. 8 and 9).

(4) Result of code checking is reported in XML form.

4 Conclusions and Future Work

In architectural industry, drawings are used to commu-nicate to the experts of various disciplines through the life cycle of a building. However, there are a lot of

Fig. 8 Prototype system code checking process

Fig. 9 Prototype system interface for code checking

problems related to efficient sharing of architectural drawing information.

Therefore, this paper suggests a way of optimized managing sharing information between standard archi-tectural drawings and construction documents informa-tion in Korea architectural industry through linked STEP and XML using test case of code checking.

To archive purpose, the authors have analyzed cur-rent research and technical development for STEP and XML link and developed a prototype system for shar-ing information between model based drawings and XML based construction documents. Finally, the au-thors have suggested practical use scenario of sharing information through linked STEP and XML using test case of code checking.

In the paper, the possibility of constructing inte-grated architectural computing environment through exchange and sharing of drawing information and ex-ternal data information for the whole building life-cycle, from the conceptual design stage to the

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Tsinghua Science and Technology, October 2008, 13(S1): 171-178 178

construction and maintenance stage based STEP and XML has been examined.

Currently, the architectural industry paradigm changed from 2D to 3D through BIM technology. 3D information based BIM using IFC is more useful than conventional 2D drawing information and can be in-cluded various information for architectural industry. This study is similar in automated code checking util-izing architectural information (for example, architec-tural component installation, fire proof, etc) to related works. However, this study is different from related works in that automated code checking system treat not 3D information (BIM/IFC) but 2D based drawing information. Therefore, future work is required exten-sion of regulation for regality checking and extension of information from 2D drawing information based STEP to 3D information based BIM/IFC for automated code checking.

In Korea architectural industry, architectural infor-mation is generated mostly through 2D based drawings owing to the insufficiency of BIM application. There-fore, the suggested method through this paper has the importance for automated code checking in 2D (KOS-DIC) based drawings. Also, in the case of STEP and IFC are integrated and mapped mutually, this method is necessary future technology in field that 2D based drawing and AP241 is applied at least.

References

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