an application of citygreen to the cities of san luis obispo and lodi

Cal Poly CITYgreen Technology Transfer

An Application of An Application of CITYgreen to the Cities of CITYgreen to the Cities of San Luis Obispo and LodiSan Luis Obispo and Lodi

Dr. Brian DietterickDr. Brian Dietterick

David YunDavid YunJune 2000June 2000

Natural Resources Management DepartmentNatural Resources Management Department

Cal Poly UniversityCal Poly University

funded by the funded by the

California Department of Forestry and Fire ProtectionCalifornia Department of Forestry and Fire Protection


OverviewOverview• Introduction to CITYgreenIntroduction to CITYgreen

• Application of CITYgreen for San Luis Application of CITYgreen for San Luis Obispo and LodiObispo and Lodi

IntroductionIntroduction Data AcquisitionData Acquisition Data AnalysisData Analysis Summary of FindingsSummary of Findings Verification of FindingsVerification of Findings ConclusionConclusion


CITYgreen backgroundCITYgreen background

• Developed by American ForestsDeveloped by American Forests• A planning tool for mapping A planning tool for mapping

urban ecosystems and urban ecosystems and measuring their valuesmeasuring their values

• Quantifies the value of urban Quantifies the value of urban

treestrees


CITYgreen capabilitiesCITYgreen capabilities• CITYgreen evaluates urban ecosystem valuesCITYgreen evaluates urban ecosystem values

Summer Energy SavingsSummer Energy Savings Stormwater Management SavingsStormwater Management Savings Carbon Storage and SequestrationCarbon Storage and Sequestration Air Pollution RemovalAir Pollution Removal Urban Wildlife HabitatUrban Wildlife Habitat


What is required to run What is required to run CITYgreen?CITYgreen?

• Hardware & softwareHardware & software ArcView 3.1ArcView 3.1 Spatial AnalystSpatial Analyst Pentium processorPentium processor VGA or better graphicsVGA or better graphics > 32 MB RAM> 32 MB RAM Orthophotos (color preferred)Orthophotos (color preferred) Satellite ImageSatellite Image Landuse MapLanduse Map


Application of CITYgreen Application of CITYgreen forfor

San Luis Obispo & LodiSan Luis Obispo & Lodi


SLO backgroundSLO background• Located along the Central Coast midway Located along the Central Coast midway

between San Francisco and Los Angelesbetween San Francisco and Los Angeles• Mediterranean climateMediterranean climate

mild summers and wintersmild summers and winters Average annual rainfall = 24”Average annual rainfall = 24” morning and evening fogmorning and evening fog

• A coastal valley city A coastal valley city • Population: 43,000Population: 43,000• 2% growth rate2% growth rate


Lodi backgroundLodi background• Located in the Central Valley midway Located in the Central Valley midway

between Sacramento & Modesto between Sacramento & Modesto • Mediterranean climateMediterranean climate

Hot summers/cool wintersHot summers/cool winters Average annual rainfall = 17”Average annual rainfall = 17” morning and evening fogmorning and evening fog

• A inland valley city A inland valley city • Population: 55,000Population: 55,000• 1.3% growth rate1.3% growth rate


Data acquisitionData acquisition Satellite Image downloaded from Satellite Image downloaded from

TEALE Data Center or U.S. Geological TEALE Data Center or U.S. Geological SurveySurvey

color infrared images are used to color infrared images are used to categorize % vegetationcategorize % vegetation

desired data resolution <1 meterdesired data resolution <1 meter digital image size can be largedigital image size can be large

Large cities may require supplemental storage Large cities may require supplemental storage medium or large hard drive capacitymedium or large hard drive capacity


Data acquisitionData acquisition

• Orthophoto ImageOrthophoto ImageCity/County planning City/County planning

departments or universities departments or universities may have digital orthophotosmay have digital orthophotos

Cal Poly supplied the SLO digital Cal Poly supplied the SLO digital orthophoto and the City of Lodi orthophoto and the City of Lodi supplied an aerial image of Lodisupplied an aerial image of Lodi

Digital orthophotos may need to be Digital orthophotos may need to be georeferenced to real world georeferenced to real world coordinates. In ArcView, world files coordinates. In ArcView, world files can be created to georeference the can be created to georeference the digital orthophotodigital orthophoto



• Survey of TreesSurvey of TreesTrees in sample plots were Trees in sample plots were

field checked for:field checked for:• heightheight

• diameterdiameter

• healthhealth

• tree conflictstree conflicts

• speciesspecies

• ground coverground cover



• Structure SurveyStructure SurveyStructures in sample plots field Structures in sample plots field

checked for:checked for:• building agebuilding age• roof & building colorroof & building color• height (story)height (story)• materialmaterial• overhangoverhang• location of windowslocation of windows


• Survey of Impervious Survey of Impervious SurfacesSurfaces

All impervious surfaces for eachAll impervious surfaces for eachsample plot sampled for:sample plot sampled for: • roadsroads• parking lotsparking lots• sidewalkssidewalks



• Survey of Grassland Survey of Grassland areasareasGrass areas in sample plots field Grass areas in sample plots field checkedchecked

A limitation is that CITYgreen 2.0 A limitation is that CITYgreen 2.0 categorizes categorizes

all areas other than impervious, all areas other than impervious, structures, trees, & water to be structures, trees, & water to be grassland for calculation purposes. This grassland for calculation purposes. This assumption may result in conservative assumption may result in conservative results. Future versions of CITYgreen results. Future versions of CITYgreen are expected to account for other are expected to account for other vegetation, such as shrubsvegetation, such as shrubs




• Survey of water Survey of water bodiesbodies• StreamsStreams• LakesLakes


Data EntryData Entry

Attribute data collected from the sample plots is entered into the CITYgreen database in preparation for analysis


Data analysisData analysis

• After data is entered, After data is entered, CITYgreen calculates CITYgreen calculates benefits of urban treesbenefits of urban trees

• Tabular results and Tabular results and map are summarized map are summarized as shownas shown


SLO findingsSLO findingsCarbon Benefits Energy Benefits Stormwater Benefits Canopy Area

Site Carbon Carbon Total Saving per Runoff Time of Peak Flow Avoided Storage Sequestration Savings Home Reduction Concentration Reduction Storage *

(tons) (tons/yr.) ($) (kWh) ($) (kWh) (%) (%) (%) (ft3) (ac) (%)

slo downtown1 9.93 0.02 $30.32 393.8 $2.17 28.1 7.3 8.0 9.4 916 0.22 13

slo downtown2 0.30 0.00 $6.07 78.8 $6.07 78.8 2.1 3.0 2.6 33 0.01 4slo downtown3 1.75 0.00 $6.07 78.8 $3.03 39.4 7.6 8.3 9.1 161 0.04 13

slo downtown4 10.57 0.02 $9.10 118.1 $1.01 13.1 0.24 7slo downtown6 8.61 0.07 $7.58 98.5 $3.79 49.3 10.7 11.4 13.2 785 0.20 19

slo downtown7 0.13 0.00 $1.52 19.7 $0.76 9.8 1.1 1.2 1.3 17 0.00 2slo downtown9 0.09 0.00 $0.00 0.0 $0.00 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 11 0.00 0

Total 31.38 0.11 $60.66 787.70 $16.83 218.50 29.00 32.00 35.80 1923.00 0.71 58.00

Average 4.48 0.02 $8.67 112.53 $2.40 31.21 4.83 5.33 5.97 320.50 0.10 8.29Per Acre 4.11 0.01 251.70

laguna1 8.46 0.01 $3.03 39.4 $3.03 39.4 2.5 3.1 3.4 902 0.19 4

laguna2 1.64 0.00 $9.10 118.2 $2.27 29.6 2.5 2.2 3.1 138 0.04 4laguna3 0.38 0.01 $12.14 157.7 $1.10 14.3 0.6 0.7 0.8 49 0.01 1

laguna4 6.08 0.14 $104.63 1358.8 $5.23 67.9 2.9 2.3 3.4 631 0.19 5laguna5 8.06 0.18 $72.80 945.5 $4.55 59.1 4.7 4.2 6.0 894 0.25 8

Total 24.62 0.34 $201.70 2619.60 $16.18 210.30 13.20 12.50 16.70 2614.00 0.68 22.00

Average 4.92 0.07 $40.34 523.92 $3.24 42.06 2.64 2.50 3.34 522.80 0.14 4.40Per Acre 1.81 0.02 192.06

slo old1 22.81 0.51 $75.84 985.0 $1.46 18.9 7.5 7.1 9.7 2631 0.71 13

slo old2 9.73 0.22 $31.84 413.6 $1.45 18.8 6.3 5.3 7.9 1021 0.3 11slo old3 17.00 0.38 $156.20 2028.6 $3.19 41.4 4.2 4.0 5.6 1969 0.53 7

slo old4 44.58 1.00 $122.84 1595.3 $1.35 17.5 6.6 5.9 8.8 4812 1.38 11

Total 94.12 2.11 $386.72 5022.50 $7.45 96.60 24.60 22.30 32.00 10433.00 2.92 42.00Average 23.53 0.53 $96.68 1255.63 $1.86 24.15 6.15 5.58 8.00 2608.25 0.73 10.50


Lodi findingsLodi findingsCarbon Benefits Energy Benefits Stormwater Benefits Canopy Area

Site Carbon Carbon Total Saving per Runoff Time of Peak Flow Avoided StorageSequestration Savings Home Reduction Concentration Reduction Storage *

(tons) (tons/yr.) ($) (kWh) ($) (kWh) (%) (%) (%) (ft3) (ac) (%)

Sitenew1 10.76 0.24 $360.40 4680.5 $16.38 212.8 10.9 7.7 17.1 2073 0.33 7

Sitenew2 7.15 0.16 $409.37 5316.6 $14.62 189.9 6.8 4.7 10.9 1378 0.22 4Sitenew3 11.42 0.26 $196.56 2552.7 $5.62 72.9 9.0 6.0 14.2 2102 0.35 6

Total 29.33 0.66 $966.33 12549.80 $36.62 475.60 26.70 18.40 42.20 5553.00 0.90 17.00

Average 9.78 0.22 $322.11 4183.27 $12.21 158.53 8.90 6.13 14.07 1851.00 0.30 5.67Per Acre 1.81 0.04 341.93

Siteold1 85.95 0.24 $1,277.42 16589.9 $85.16 1106.0 45.5 29.1 67.7 5962 1.59 31

Siteold2 53.17 0.15 $507.87 6595.7 $39.07 507.4 37.2 23.9 55.6 4083 0.99 25Siteold3 45.48 0.08 $933.55 12124.0 $51.86 673.6 38.1 24.4 57.0 4205 1.03 26

Total 184.60 0.47 $2,718.84 35309.60 $176.09 2287.00 120.80 77.40 180.30 14250.00 3.61 82.00

Average 61.53 0.16 $906.28 11769.87 $58.70 762.33 40.27 25.80 60.10 4750.00 1.20 27.33Per Acre 14.24 0.04 1099.54

GrowSite1 108.46 0.19 $343.93 4466.6 $15.63 203.0 65.4 48.9 87.9 8166 2.45 51

GrowSite2 71.58 0.13 $835.22 10847.0 $29.83 387.4 43.9 30.9 63.4 6832 1.62 31GrowSite3 99.90 0.17 $425.74 5529.0 $12.16 158.0 49.7 34.4 71.5 8696 2.26 36

Total 279.94 0.49 $1,604.89 20842.60 $57.62 748.40 159.00 114.20 222.80 23694.00 6.33 118.00

Average 93.31 0.16 $534.96 6947.53 $19.21 249.47 53.00 38.07 74.27 7898.00 2.11 39.33Per Acre 17.24 0.03 1458.99


Stormwater Benefits

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Summary of findingsSummary of findingsSLO findings:SLO findings:• The energy savings per home/year were low The energy savings per home/year were low

due to moderate weather resulting in low due to moderate weather resulting in low energy costsenergy costs

• Larger sample areas resulted in higher runoff Larger sample areas resulted in higher runoff volume reduction, peak flow reduction, volume reduction, peak flow reduction, carbon storage, & carbon sequestrationcarbon storage, & carbon sequestration


Summary of findings cont’Summary of findings cont’Lodi findings:Lodi findings:• The energy savings ($/home/year) were higher The energy savings ($/home/year) were higher

than SLO due to warmer summer temperatures than SLO due to warmer summer temperatures and higher energy costsand higher energy costs

• Older residential areas had higher energy savings Older residential areas had higher energy savings per home compared to newer residential areasper home compared to newer residential areas

• Growth model resulted in higher canopy coverage Growth model resulted in higher canopy coverage in new, but lower energy savings when compared in new, but lower energy savings when compared with the older residential areaswith the older residential areas


ConclusionConclusion

• Evaluation of CITYgreen still in progressEvaluation of CITYgreen still in progress• Dollar savings for cooling are significant for Dollar savings for cooling are significant for

Lodi, but less significant for San Luis Obispo Lodi, but less significant for San Luis Obispo (due to low cooling cost)(due to low cooling cost)

• Tree placement plays an important roleTree placement plays an important role• Model verification and extrapolation of results Model verification and extrapolation of results

for the entire city problematicfor the entire city problematic


For more infoFor more info Contact: Dr. Brian Dietterick Contact: Dr. Brian Dietterick

[email protected]@calpoly.edu

805-756-6155805-756-6155

David Yun David Yun

Natural Resources Management DepartmentNatural Resources Management Department

Cal Poly State UniversityCal Poly State University

San Luis Obispo, CA 93407San Luis Obispo, CA 93407

an application of citygreen to the cities of san luis obispo and lodi

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