an analysis of translation procedures in translated …

AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION PROCEDURES IN TRANSLATED

THESIS ABSTRACTS OF STUDENTS OF FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND

POLITICAL SCIENCES

A THESIS

BY

MUHAMMAD REZA

REG. NO. 130705028

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN 2018

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION PROCEDURES IN

TRANSLATED THESIS ABSTRACTS OF STUDENTS OF

FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCES

A THESIS

BY

MUHAMMAD REZA

REG. NO: 130705028

SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR

Prof. Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A Dr. Rudy Sofyan, M.Hum.

NIP. 19511013 197603 1 002 NIP. 19721113 200501 1 010

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in

partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from

Department of English

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN 2018


Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of

Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.

Head, Secretary,

Dr. Deliana, M.Hum Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A.Ph. D

NIP. 19571117 198303 2 001 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002


Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the

degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural

Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.

The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatera Utara on Friday, February 9th

2018

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatera Utara

Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S

NIP. 19600805 198703 1 001

Board of Examiners

Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D

Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A, Ph.D.

Prof. Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A


i

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, MUHAMMAD REZA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF

THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF

THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED

ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A

THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER

DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT

DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS.

THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF

ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

Signed :

Date : February 9th

2018


ii

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

NAME : MUHAMMAD REZA

TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION

PROCEDURES IN TRANSLATED THESIS

ABSTRACTS OF STUDENTS OF FACULTY

OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCES

QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA

DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR

REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATRA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT

USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW

OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

Signed :

Date : February 9th

, 2018


iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Bismillahirrohmanirrohim,

Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin, the writer would like to thank and praise Allah

SWT for giving me everything I need especially to finish this thesis in order to get

the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural

Studies University of Sumatera Utara.

The I would like to thank the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, Dr. Budi

Agustono, M.S., the Head of English Department, Dr. Hj. Deliana, M.Hum., and the

secretary of English Department, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D. for all of the

facilities and opportunities given to the writer during the stufy.

I also would like to thank the my supervisor, Prof. Dr. H. Syahron Lubis,

M.A. and the writer’s co-supervisor Dr. Rudy Sofyan, S.S., M.Hum. for the

guidance, support, advice, and constructive comments during the writing of tor his

thesis

Special thanks to my parents Alm. Azhar and Ernawati Nasution, my lovley

aunty Almh. Erni Nasution, and also my beloved sister : Yuyun, Nola and Asti. for

giving the writer an endless support, love and attention. A really big thanks to aunts,

uncles, and cousins for every help and support for the writer so the writer can finish

the writer’s study in the university.

Massive thanks to my beloved best friends : Ryah, Melfi, Rafif, Amie, Amoi,

Ryan, Icha, Lan, Tulang, Jupeg, Robby. For D’Kos: Rike, Rizal, Wirda, Sari. For

Wisdua 2018 : Agung, Husna, Dyla, Putri, Iin.

For Kabinet Lambe IMSI : Noni, Gerald, Agung, Ayu Rantika, Rezy, Tina,

Randy, Morris. My junior : Farris bot, Andre, Nurul, Jawara, Ahsan, Akmal, Yola,

Raja, Febri, Tasya boni, Jaka, Zizi, Dwi, Dede. My Senior : Bg Yanto, Bg Abel, Bg


iv

Izal, Kak Zara, Bg Wahyu, Bg Yuda, Kak Refi, Kak Ossi, Kak Dini, Kak Windi,

Kak Depa, Bg Yudi, Kak Wina, Kak Chica, Bg Padel, Kak Fanny, Bg Kiteng.

The writer has written this thesis with all the writer limitation of knowledge,

time and references but the writer does hope this thesis will be useful for anyone who

read it.

Medan, February 9th

2018

Muhammad Reza


v

ABSTRACT

The thesis entitled ‘An Analysis of Translation Procedures in Translated Thesis

Abstracts of Students of Faculty of Social and Political Sciences’ is a linguistics

study. This study appears because of the importance of translation role in translating

thesis abstracts. This thesis was done to answer the curiosity of the writer about what

procedures is applied in translated thesis abstracts and what the dominant procedure

applied in translating the thesis abstract of Social and Political Sciences Faculty. The

objective of this study is to find out what translation procedures are applied in

translating the thesis abstracts and the dominant one. Thesis abstracts is selected

beacuse abstracts as brief summary of the most important points in a scientific paper.

In order to identified and classify the translation procedures applied in thesis

abstracts, Vinay and Dalbernet theory about translation procedures is used. The

method of the analysis is descriptive qualitative method. As the result of this

research, the most dominant procedure used in translated thesis abstracts of Social

and Political Sciences faculty is literal with 44 occurrences (68,75%), followed by

equivalence with 8 occurrences (12,5%), borrowing with 7 occurrences (10,93%),

modulation with 3 occurrences (4,68%), transposition with 1 occurrence (1,56%) and

calque with 1 occurrence (1,56%).

Keywords : thesis abstracts, literal, translation procedures


vi

ABSTRAK

Skripsi yang berjudul ‘An Analysis of Translation Procedures in Translated Thesis

Abstracts of Students of Faculty of Social and Political Sciences’ adalah sebuah studi

linguistik. Studi ini muncul karena pentingnya peran terjemahan dalam

menerjemahkan abstrak skripsi. Skripsi ini dibuat untuk menjawab rasa penasaran

penulis tentang prosedur apakah yang dipakai penerjemah dalam menerjemahkan

abstrak skripsi dan prosedur apa yang dominan dipakai dalam menerjemahkan

abstrak skripsi Fakultas Ilmu Social and Politik (FISIP). Tujuan dari penelitian ini

adalah untuk menemukan prosedur terjemahan apa yang digunakan oleh penerjemah

untuk menerjemahkan skripsi abstrak skripsi FISIP dan prosedur mana yang paling

dominan. Abstrak skripsi ini dipilih karena abstrak menjadi poin yang sangat penting

dalam karya tulis ilmiah, teori yang dipakai untuk mengidentifikasi dan

mengklasifikasikan prosedur terjemahan yang digunakan oleh penerjemah adalah

teori prosedur terjemahan Vinay dan Dalbernet. Metode penelitian yang dipakai

dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini

menunjukkan bahwa prosedur yang dominan dipakai dalam menerjemahkan abstrak

skripsi adalah literal, dibuktikan dengan temuan prosedur literal sebanyak 44 temuan

(68,75%), diikuti dengan prosedur ekuivalen dengan 8 temuan (12,5%), peminjaman

dengan 7 temuan (10,93%), modulasi dengan 3 temuan (4,68%), transposisi dengan 1

temuan (1,56%) serta kalke dengan 1 temuan (1,56%).

Kata kunci: abstrak skripsi, literal, prosedur terjemahan


vii

TABLE OF CONTENT

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ..................................................................... i

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ................................................................ ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................... iii

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. v

ABSTRAK .................................................................................................. vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS. .......................................................................... vii

LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................. x

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of The Study ............................................................ 1

1.2 Problem of The Study .................................................................. 5

1.3 Objective of The Study ................................................................ 5

1.4 Scope of The Study ..................................................................... 5

1.5 Significance of The Study ........................................................... 6

1.5.1 Theoritical Significance ........................................................... 6

1.5.2 Practical Significance............................................................... 6


viii

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Definition of Translation ............................................................ 7

2.2 The Process of Translation ........................................................ 10

2.3 Procedures of Translation ........................................................... 11

2.4 Abstract ..................................................................................... 16

2.5 Previous Research …………………………………….............. 17

CHAPTER III METHODS OF RESEARCH

3.1 Research Method ....................................................................... 19

3.2 Data and Source Data ................................................................. 19

3.3 Data Collecting Method .............................................................. 20

3.4 Data Analysis Method ............................................................... 20

3.5 Data Percentage ......................................................................... 21

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1 Discussion .................................................................................. 22

4.2 Analysis ..................................................................................... 22

4.2.1 Identifying the Translation Procedures ................................... 22

4.2.2 Classifying and Analyzing the Data Based on the Translation

Procedure……………….............................................…..... 35

4.2.2.1 Borrowing ............................................................................. 35


ix

4.2.2.2 Calque ................................................................................... 36

4.2.2.3 Literal Translation ................................................................ 37

4.2.2.4 Transposition ........................................................................ 38

4.2.2.5 Modulation ........................................................................... 39

4.2.2.6 Equivalence .......................................................................... 41

4.2.2.7 Adaptation ........................................................................... 42

4.2 Data Findings .............................................................................. 42

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion .................................................................................. 45

5.2 Suggestion .................................................................................. 45

REFERENCES………………………………………………………………. 47

APPENDICES


x

LIST OFTABLES

Table 1. Educational statistic ................................................................................. 21

Table 2. Data A Identification ................................................................................... 22

Table 3. Data B Identification .................................................................................... 25

Table 4. Data C Identification .................................................................................... 28

Table 5. Data D Identification ................................................................................... 30

Table 6. Data E Identification .................................................................................... 33

Table 7. Table of Translation Procedures in Thesis Abstracts................................ 43


1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Language is a fundamental part our life, because it refers to the way we

manage our social life. Language is not only for linguists, students, lecturers, but also

for business men, politician, lawyer, marketing, and other aspects that need language

as a medium to communicate. One of the medium to communicate is a book or paper

in professional journal. The use of different languages in paper in professional

journal around the world encourages people to make use of translation process in

order to provide paper in professional journal translated from one language to

another. As a way to communicate, translation has a function as the way to share

information, stories, experiences and most of all knowledge. Translation is a media

that can help us to get the knowledge or information. Nowadays, many different

papers in professional journal, especially with English as the source language, have

been translated and distributed to different countries, including Indonesia. They vary

from science, history, arts, religion, business & economics, biography &

autobiography, etc. If you examine any paper in professional journal, such as thesis,

you will see that each paper begins with an abstract.

An abstract is a brief summary of the most important points in a scientific

paper as Day (1998 : 29) states an abstract is a miniversion of the paper. Abstracts

enable professionals to stay current with the huge volume of scientific literature. It is

also a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding or

any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_conference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proceedings

2

quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. When used, an abstract always appears at the

beginning of a manuscript or typescript.

Houghton (1975) says that an abstract can be defined as a summary of the

information in a document. An abstract is a critical part of a scientific paper. Many

professionals read abstracts from around the world. These abstracts from around the

world have varied of languages. To make professionals read and understand the

abstracts easier, the author usually translates the abstracts from the source language

into English. In relation with this study, the writer studies some students’ thesis

abstracts in University of Sumatera Utara that are written in two languages, English

and Bahasa Indonesia. The thesis authors write the abstracts in Bahasa Indonesia and

then they are translated into English. In translating the abstracts, they are transferring

information from source language to target language ang they should produce

equivalent text so that the readers can understand and determine whether they need to

read the document in its entirely.

A translator may use a variety of translation procedures that differ in

importance according to the contextual factors of both the source language and the

target language. Among the factors involved in translation such as form, meaning,

style, proverbs, idioms, etc., the present paper is going to concentrate mainly on the

procedures of translating abstracts in general.

Nida and Taber (1982:12) state that translating consists of reproducing in the

receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first

in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. Meanwhile, Translation as stated

by Newmark (1988:5) is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the

way that the author intended the text. From the definition stated, the writer found


3

that translation is a process which is aimed to find meaning equivalence in the target

language. The activity of translation has a long-standing tradition and has been

widely practiced throughout history, but in our rapidly changing world its role has

become of paramount importance.

The role of translation is very important here to support the development of

science in Indonesia. This is in line with Muchtar’s view (2012:17) which says that

translation becomes very important since most of the text about science and

technology from developed countries is written in foreign language, particularly

English. Because it is very important to re-consider the balance of content and the

product of translation, because if it is not attuned, it will make multi-interpretation

which eventually generates the inadequate product.

Translation is not merely changing words, but also transferring of culture

equivalence with the culture of the original language and the recipient of that

language as well as possible and implement it according to the recipient language

(Muchtar 2013: 2). The better translation must be accepted by all people in logic and

based on fact; thus, the message contained in the source language can satisfy the

target-language reader with the information within. Prochazka in Garvin’s A Prague

School Reader on Esthetics, Literary Structure and Style (in Venutti 2000:131)

defines a good translation in terms of certain requirements which must be made by

the translator, namely (1) “He must understand the original word thematically and

stylistically”; (2) “he must overcome the differences between the two linguistic

structures”; and (3) “he must reconstruct the stylistic structures of the original work

in his translation.”


4

In the new millennium, in which cultural exchanges have been widening,

knowledge has been increasingly expanding and international communication has

been intensifying, the phenomenon of translation has become fundamental. Be it for

scientific, medical, technological, commercial, legal, cultural or literary purposes,

today human communication depends heavily on translation and, consequently,

interest in the field is also growing. By virtue of language, translation appears as the

significant scope to overcome the language border which make the process of

communication becomes better. The language border distracts the process of

absorbing information especially in the moment to gain information from the

scientific researches, books, or journals, or even an abstract column as the front

display to acknowledge the research in brief.

Furthermore, in this thesis, the writer will analyze the translation procedures

found in translating abstracts of students’ thesis of Social Sciences and Political

faculty from Bahasa into English. In Social Sciences and Political Faculty, the

students will make the abstract in Bahasa Indonesia and they translate it into English.

The writer will collect some abstracts from students who have finished writing their

thesis.

This study focuses on analyzing procedure since every translator has different

ways in doing translation based on the theory which the translator relies upon. By

analyzing the translation procedure, the writer would be able to find out the

perspective of the author in doing the translation of the abstract which will affect the

quality of the translation itself. In translation procedures, there are many theories

suggested by the experts and in this thesis, the writer applies Vinay and Dalbernet’s

theory (in Venuti, 2000:84).


5

1.2 Problem of the Study

Based on the title of this proposal, “The Analysis of Translation Procedures in The

Abstracts of Students' Thesis of Social Sciences and Political Faculty”, there are two

problems of the study to be analyzed as follows:

1. What are the translation procedures used in the translation of the students’

abstracts?

2. What are the dominant translation procedures used in translation of the

abstracts?

1.3 Objective of the Study

Related to the problems above, the writer states some objectives to answer those

problems:

1. To find out the translation procedures used to translate the abstracts of the

students thesis.

2. To find out the dominant translation procedures in the translation of the

abstracts.

1.4 Scope of the Study

The study is focused on the five translated abstracts of students’ thesis of Faculty

of Social and Political Sciences from the major of Communication Studies and the

procedures of translation in translated abstracts.


6

1.5 Signficances of Study

The significances of the study are as follows:

1.5.1 Theoritical Significance

The writer hopes that this study can be a reference and the guidance for students

and the teachers of translation in general; and the translator in particular subject to

enlarge the comprehension about the translation, especially about the procedures of

translation and to do other related researches about translation.

1.5.2 Practical Significance

The result of the study can become the reference to make a better awareness to

create thesis abstract through a good translation procedures


7

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Definition of Translation

Translation is the action of interpretation of the meaning of a text, and then

makes the translation product become equivalent. Communicating the same message

in another language also called as translation. The text to be translated is called the

source text, and the language it is to be translated into is called the target language;

the final product is sometimes called the target text. Crystal (1987:334) states that the

term ‘translation’ is the neutral term used for all tasks where the meaning of

expression in one language (source language) is turned into the meaning of (target

language), whether the medium is spoken, written, or signed. Translation is defined

as the process of transferring the idea or information from the source language (SL)

to the target language (TL).

There are so many definitions of translation that are suggested by the experts.

In this chapter the writer discusses them more clearly about the translation

definitions, some definitions of translation may be different as many experts

expresses their own thought or idea about the definition of translation. In this

chapter, the writer wants to discuss the definition based on Simatupang (1992),

Larson (1984), Newmark (1984), Nida and Taber (1974: 12) and Catford (1965),

Newmark (1984: 28) in his book A Textbook of Translation says “Translation

is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author

intended the text”. Here, Newmark said that translation was the way to find the

equivalence of meaning from source text into target text. Thus we may say that we


8

reconstructing or reproducing the meaning inside the source language text into the

form of target language text.

Catford (1965: 20) states in his book A Linguistic Theorythat “Translation is

the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in

another language”. Here, Catford said that the important thing in process of

translation is a way to find the equivalent meaning between source language (SL)

and target language (TL) and the readers or listeners can understand and does not

misunderstanding with the meaning of translation product.

Larson (1984: 10) in Meaning-Based Translation states that “Translation

consists of studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation and

cultural context of the source language, analyzing it in order to determine its

meaning, then reconstructing the same meaning using the lexicon and grammatical

structure which appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural context”.

From the Larson’s explanation above, it can be concluded that translation is

not an easy task to do, because every language has its own ways and grammatical

structure to say some terms that might be different with another language. In

translation there are many processes and procedures that must be mastered and

known such as, studying the source text, analyzing it, and reconstructing the

meaning.

In the Theory and Practice of Translation, Nida and Taber (1974 : 12) states

that “Translating consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural

equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in

terms of style”. From here it can be concluded that in reproducing or transferring the

message, there is an equivalent relationship between SL and TL.


9

Simatupang (1992: 2) in his book Pengantar Teori Terjemahan states

“Menerjemah adalah mengalihkan makna yang terdapat dalam Bahasa sumber ke

dalam Bahasa sasaran dan mewujudkannya kembali di dalam Bahasa sasaran

dengan bentuk-bentuk sewajar mungkin menurut aturan-aturan yang berlaku dalam

Bahasa sasaran”. Translation tries to transfer the meaning in Source Language to

Target Language in the form that best fit with the rules of target language.

In the Theory and Practice of Translation, Nida and Taber (1974 : 12)

statesthat “Translating consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest

natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and

secondly in terms of style”. Nida also stated about style. It refers to the stylistic of

linguistic aspect. The translator needs to pay attention to the style of source language

in order to maintain the naturalness the target language in the target text. So the

target readers could easily understand the content of the text.

From the five translation experts above, it can be concluded that translation is

the task that deals with two different kinds of language. The first is the source

language (SL), which is the language to be translated, and the second is target

language (TL) or the form of the language that become the target. Translation does

not only change the form but translation is a process of transferring the meaning

from source language (SL) to target language (TL), the important thing in translation

is the way to find the equivalent meaning in source language (SL) to target language

(TL). In transaltion process, there are some steps that must be done, studying the

source text, analyzing it, and reconstructing the meaning. So, a translator must know

about the process and procedure in translation.


10

2.2 The Process of Translation

In translating the text, there are some processes that the translator has to go

through to make the translation appropriate with the original text. According to

Larson (1984:4) when translating a text, the translator’s goal is an idiomatic

translation which makes every effort to communicate their meaning of the SL text

into the natural forms of the receptor language. Furthermore, he states that translation

is concerned with the study of the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication

situation, and cultural context of the SL text, which is analysed in order to determine

its meaning. The discovered meaning is then re-expressed or reconstructed using the

lexicon and grammatical structure which are appropriate in the receptor language and

its cultural context. Larson simply presents the diagram of the translation process, as

follows;

Translation Process (Larson 1984:4)

Receptor Language Source Language

Translation Text to be Translated

Discover the Meaning Re-express the Meaning

MEANING


11

2.3 Procedures of Translation

Vinay and Darbelnet (in Venuti and Baker, 2000:84) stated that at first the

different methods or procedures seem to be countless, but they can be condensed to

just seven, each one corresponding to a higher degree of complexity. In practice, they

may be used either on their own or combined with one or more of the others.

Furthermore, Vinay and Darbelnet explained that translators can choose from

two methods of translating, namely direct, or literal translation and oblique

translation. In some translation tasks it may be possible to transpose the source

language message element by element into the target language, because it is based on

either (i) parallel categories, in which case we can speak of structural parallelism, or

(ii) on parallel concepts, which are the result of metalinguistic parallelism. But

translators may also notice gaps, or “lacunae”, in the target language (TL) which

must be filled by corresponding elements, so that the overall impression is the same

for the two messages.

It may, however, also happen that, because of structural or metalinguistic

differences, certain stylistic effects cannot be transposed into the TL without

upsetting the syntactic order, or even the lexis. In this case it is understood that more

complex methods have to be used which at first may look unusual but which

nevertheless can permit translators a strict control over the reliability of their work:

these procedures are called oblique translation methods. In the listing which follows,

the first three procedures are direct and the others are oblique.


12

Procedure 1: Borrowing

To overcome a lacuna, usually a metalinguistic one (e.g. new technical

process, an unknown concept), borrowing is the simplest of all translation methods.

For instance, in order to introduce the flavor of the source language (SL) culture into

a translation, foreign terms may be used, e.g. “dollars” and “party” from American

English, Mexican Spanish food names “tequila” and “tortillas” and so on. Some

well-established, mainly older borrowings are so widely used that they are no longer

considered as such and have become a part of the respective TL lexicon. In English

such words as “menu” and “hangar” are no longer considered to be borrowings. The

decision to borrow a SL word or expression for introducing an element of local

colour is a matter of style and consequently of the message (Vinay and Darbelnet, in

Venuti and Baker, 2000:85).

Procedure 2: Calque

A calque is a special kind of borrowing whereby a language borrows an

expression form of another, but then translates literally each of its elements. The

result is either (i) a lexical calque, as in the first example, below, i.e. a calque which

respects the syntactic structure of the TL, whilst introducing a new mode of

expression; or (ii) a structural calque, as in the second example, below, which

introduces a new construction into the language (Vinay and Darbelnet, in Venuti and

Baker, 2000:85).

Example:

English-Indonesian calque

Normal school Sekolah normal

Assistant manager Asisten manajer


13

Procedure 3: Literal Translation

Literal, or word for word, translation is the direct transfer of a SL text into a

grammatically and idiomatically appropriate TL text in which he translators’ task is

limited to observing the adherence to the linguistic servitudes of the TL (Vinay and

Darbelnet, in Venuti and Baker, 2000:86).

Example:

Source Language : I wear red hat.

Target Language : Saya memakai topi merah.

If, after trying the first three procedures, translators regard a literal translation

unacceptable, they must turn to the methods of oblique translation. By unacceptable

we mean that the message, when translated literally

i gives another meaning, or

ii has no meaning, or

iii is structurally impossible, or

iv does not have a corresponding expression within the metalinguistic

experience of the TL, or

v has a corresponding expression, but not within the same register.

Procedure 4: Transposition

The method called transposition involves replacing one word class with

another without hanging the meaning of the message. In translation there are two

distinct types of transposition: (i) obligatory transposition, and (ii) optional

transposition (Vinay and Darbelnet, in Venuti and Baker, 2000:88). The structure

shifts found in translating English text into Indonesian text belong to obligatory

transposition due to the difference of language structure.


14

Example:

1. Source Language : mechanical engineering (adjective)

Target Language : teknik mesin (noun)

2. Source Language : for the pursuit of happiness (noun)

Target Language : untuk mengejar kebahagiaan (verb)

3. Source Language : for good (adjective)

Target Language : untuk selamanya (adverb)

(Alzuhdy, 2014:189)

Procedure 5: Modulation

Modulation is a variation of the form of the message, obtained by a change in

the oint of view. This change can be justified when, although a literal, or even

transposed, translation results in a grammatically correct utterance, it is considered

unsuitable, unidiomatic or awkward in the TL (Vinay and Darbelnet, in Venuti and

Baker, 2000:89).

Example:

1. Source Language : You are going to have a child.

Target Language : Anda akan menjadi seorang bapak.

2. Source Language : I cut my finger.

Target Language : Jariku tersayat.

(Silalahi, 2009:83)


15

Procedure 6: Equivalence

We have repeatedly stressed that one and the same situation can be rendered

by two texts using completely different stylistic and structural methods. In such cases

we are dealing with the method which produces equivalent texts. In general, proverbs

are perfect examples of equivalences (Vinay and Darbelnet, in Venuti and Baker,

2000:90).

Source Language : Killing two birds with one stone

Target Language : Menyelam sambil minum air

(Nababan, 1999:32)

The method of creating equivalences is also frequently applied to idioms. For

example, “To talk through one’s hat” and “as like as two peas” cannot be translated

by means of calque.

Procedure 7: Adaptation

With the seventh method we reach the extreme limit of translation: it is used

in those cases where the type of situation being referred to by the SL message is

unknown in the TL culture. In such cases translators have a new situation that can be

considered as being equivalent. Adaptation can, therefore, be described as a special

kind of equivalence, a situational equivalence (Vinay and Darbelnet, in Venuti and

Baker, 2000:91).

Example:

Source Language : as white as snow

Target Language : seputih kapas

(Silalahi, 2009:81)


16

2.4 Abstract

Wilkinson (1991) in The Scientist’s Handbook for Writing Papers and

Dissertation states that an abstract is a stand-alone statement that briefly conveys the

essential information of a paper, article, document or book; presents the objective,

methods, results, and conclusions of a research project; has a brief, non-repetitive

style.

Although an abstract appears as the first section of a paper, it should be written last.

You need to have completed all other sections before you can select and summarize

the essential information from those sections, an abstract involves boiling down the

essence of a whole paper into a single paragraph that conveys as much new

information as possible.

Many abstracts are published without the complete paper itself in abstract

journals or in online databases. Thus, an abstract might serve as the only means by

which a researcher determines what information a paper contains. Moreover, a

researcher might make a decision whether to read the paper or not based on the

abstract alone. Because of this need for self-contained compactness, an abstract must

convey the essential results of a paper.

According to Borko, Harold and Seymour Chatman (1963:149-160), there are

two types of abstracts: descriptive and informative. They have different aims, so as a

consequence they have different components and styles. There is also a third type

called critical, but it is rarely used.


17

Descriptive abstracts

A descriptive abstract indicates the type of information found in the work. It makes

no judgments about the work, nor does it provide results or conclusions of the

research. It does incorporate key words found in the text and may include the

purpose, methods, and scope of the research. Essentially, the descriptive abstract

describes the work being abstracted. Some people consider it an outline of the work,

rather than a summary. Descriptive abstracts are usually very short—100 words or

less.

Informative abstracts

The majority of abstracts are informative. While they still do not critique or evaluate

a work, they do more than describe it. An informative abstract includes the

information that can be found in a descriptive abstract (purpose, methods, scope) but

also includes the results and conclusions of the research and the recommendations of

the author. The length varies according to discipline, but an informative abstract is

rarely more than 10% of the length of the entire work. In the case of a longer work, it

may be much less.

2.5 Previous Research

Tesya Pratiwi in her thesis entittled Translation Technique In The Translation of

Lauren Kate’s Novel “Torment” Into Bahasa Indonesia “Tersiksa” By Fanny

Yuanita. The data which is used in her thesis is taken from Lauren Kate’s novel

“Torment” and the translation “Tersiksa” which is translated by Fanny Yuanita. The

dominant technique which appeared in text is 21,79 % sentences with literal

translation, then 18,58 % sentences with modulation, 18,58 % sentences with


18

transposition, 15,38 % sentences with calque, 15, 38 % sentences with equivalence,

and the last 12,17 % sentences with adaptation

Mei Shara Defani Nasution in her thesis in analyzing legal terms found the most

dominant procedure used in translating Indonesian Motor Vehicle Insurance is

transposition has the persentage with 26 occurences (42,62%), followed by literal

translation with 21 occurences (34,42%), borrowing with 9 occurences (14,75%),

equivalence with 3 occurences (4, 91%) and adaptation with 2 occurences (3, 27%).

Sari (2014) in her research “Translation Procedures Applied in Subtitling

English Idioms The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey Movie into Indonesian” applied

Vinay and Darbelnet’s theory in analyzing translation procedures of the subtitle. The

result of the study shows that equivalence procedure is applied in 97.01% of the data,

adaptation procedure is applied in 2.24% of the data, and literal translation procedure

is applied in 0.75% of the data. The research also helps the writer in understanding

how to apply the translation procedures in the translated text.

The first up to the third studies help the writer in understanding how to apply the

translation procedures in the translated text. The previous research and the writer’s

research have similarity which is using Vinay and Darbernet’s theory in analyzing

translation techniques. Yet, they have difference in data and data resource.


19

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH

3. 1 Research Method

In this study, qualitative method will be used because the data which is

analyzed is explained descriptively. The data to be analyzed are in the form of phrase

and clause. Djajasudarma (2006: 11) states, “Metodolog ikualitatif merupakan

prosedur yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa data tertulis atau lisan di

masyarakat bahasa”. (Qualitative methodology is a procedure that produces

descriptive data in the form of written or oral language in society). He also says,

“Data yang dikumpulkan bukanlah angka – angka, dapa tberupa kata – kata atau

gambaran sesuatu. Hal tersebut sebagai akibat dari metode kualitatif. Ciri ini

merupakan ciri yang sejalan dengan penamaan kualitatif. Deskripsi merupakan

gambaran ciri – ciri data secara akurat sesuai dengan sifat alamiah itu

sendiri.”(Djajasudarma, 2006:16). (The collected data is not numbers, it can be

words or description of something. This is as a result of qualitative methods. This

feature is consistent with the qualitative naming. Description is the accurate

overview of the data’s features itself)

3.2 Data and Source Data

The data are the sentences containing in the abstract of the students’ thesis of

Social Sciences and Political Faculty both in English and Bahasa Indonesia. The

source data used in this research are five abstracts from five departments of Social &

Political Sciences Faculty issued in 2017. The departments are Sociology, Politics,


20

Communication, Social Welfare and Administrasi Niaga/Bisnis. Source of data are

taken from the website of USU repository.usu.ac.id

3.3 Data Collecting Method

The method of the research applied is qualitative method, which is done by

applying the library research to get data or information related to the topic to support

the ideas. The source data are the abstracts taken from the website of USU

Repository repository.usu.ac.id. After reading the data, the data will be displayed and

analyzed as using content analysis.

3.4 Data Analysis Method

Three steps are applied in analyzing the data. Miles and Huberman (1994)

suggest that qualitative data analysis consists of three procedures, they are: (1) data

reduction, (2) data display, (3) Conclusion drawing/verification”.

First, the research started by collecting the data. Here, in this study the data

collection were done by reading the abstracts in Bahasa Indonesia and English. The

collected data were given a code, the source data are coded alphabetically and the

data are coded in numeral.

For example : 1a ( 1a is the senctence from the abstracts A)

Second, after collecting the data, reduction was done by reading the material

comprehensively and then identifying the sentences. Then the data were displayed. If

data collection and reduction have been done, conclusion and verification can be

made depending on the data display.

In analyzing the data, Vinay and Dalbernet theory(Venuti, 2000:84) was used

in order to find out the procedures applied in translating the abtracts.


21

3.5 Data Percentage

In order to support the research and find out the most dominant procedures of

translation applied in translating the abtracts, this research is applid a formula

referring to “Educational Statisctic”, Butler (1985). The following is the formula

calculating the percentage of the data.

Table 1 : Educational Statistic

x 100% =

X : Number of subcategory of kind of translation procedures

Y : Number of all data

N : The percentage of subcategory of translation procedures


22

CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND FINDING

4.1 Discussion

This chapter contains analysis and finding. There are five abstracts from five

departments. Every abstracts was coded alphabetically. The explanation of the data

analysis was presented in analysis section. Meanwhile, in finding section, the types

of translation procedure in thesis abstracts and dominant translation procedures used

in translating the thesis abstracts would be revealed orderly in a data sheet.

4.2 Analysis

In this chapter, the data are in a form of sentences which contain translation

procedures proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet (in Venuti and Baker, 2000:84-93).

4.2.1 Identifying the Translation Procedures

After collecting the data, the next step is to identify the translation procedures

that are found in the thesis abstracts. The data identification is shown in the table

below:

Data A (An abstract from Politics department)

Table 2 : Data A Identification

No. Source Language Target Language Translation

Procedure

1a

Kegiatan manusia

selalu membutuhkan

kepemimpinan.

The human activity are

always in need of

leadership

Transposition

2a

Semua organisasi

apapun jenisnya pasti

memiliki dan

memerlukan seorang

pimpinan tertinggiyang

harus menjalankan

All of organization

whatever its kind

exactly have and needs

a supreme leader who

runs the leadership

activity.

Literal


23

kegiatan

kepemimpinan.

3a

Pemimpin adalah orang

yang mampu

mempengaruhi serta

membujuk pihak lain

agar melakukan

tindakan yang sesuai

dengan keinginannya.

A leader is a person

who able to influence

and persuade the other

people to do the thing

which he wants.

Equivalence

4a

Kepemimpinan

Militeristik

Otoritarian adalah

Kepemimpinan yang

memadukan antara

kepemimpinan yang

Militeristik dan

Otoriter, yaitu

kepemimpinan yang

sifatnya banyak

memberi komando atau

perintah kepada

bawahannya, yang

bersifat paksaan, serta

memiliki kekuasaan

yang bersifat absolut.

. The Militeristics

Authoritarian

Leadership is a kind of

leadership which

combined the

militeristics leadership

and authoritarian

leadership, which is a

leadership that gives

much of commandos or

orders to his

employees, which is

coercive, and have an

absolute power.

Literal

Calque

5a

Saloth Sar dan

Soeharto adalah

mantan pemimpin

negara Kamboja dan

Indonesia.

Saloth Sar and

Soeharto is an ex-

leader of Cambodia

and Indonesia.

Literal

6a

Kedua tokoh ini

memiliki pengaruh

yang sangat besar di

negara dimana

mereka memimpin

pada masa nya.

Both figures have big

influences in the

country which they

ruled.

Equivalence

7a

Kedua tokoh ini juga

dikenal sebagai

pemimpin yang sangat

keras dan kaku pada

saat mereka

memimpin di

Kamboja dan

Indonesia.

Both of them was

known as a strict and

rigid leader when they

were ruled in Cambodia and

Indonesia.

Literal

Modulation


24

8a

Ini dapat dilihat dari

peraturan-peraturan

dan kebijakan-

kebijakan yang mereka

terapkan di masing-

masing negara pada

saat mereka

memimpin.

This can be seen from

the rules and policies

which they applied in

each countries when

they were ruled.

Literal

Modulation

9a

Penelitian ini mencoba

untuk menjelaskan dan

juga membandingkan

gaya kepemimpinan

militeristik dan otoriter

yang dimiliki oleh

Saloth Sar di Kamboja

pada tahun 1975-1979

dan Soeharto di

Indonesia pada periode

1965-1970.

This research is trying

to explained and also

to compared the

Militeristics

Authoritarian

leadership style who

owned by Saloth Sar in

Cambodia in 1975-

1979 and Soeharto in

Indonesia in 1965-

1970 period.

Literal

10a

Penelitian ini adalah

jenis penelitian

kualitatif dengan

menggunakan metode

Perbandingan.

This kind of research is

a qualitative research

using the comparative

method. This research

is a library research.

Literal

11a

Penelitian ini adalah

jenis penelitian studi

pustaka.

This research is a

library research.

Literal

12a

Sumber data yang

digunakan dalam

penelitian ini adalah

data sekunder, yang

diperoleh melalui

buku-buku, situs

internet, jurnal, dan

lainnya yang berkaitan

dengan penelitian ini.

The sources of data

which used in this

research are secondary

data, which is obtained

from the books,

websites, journal, and

others which related to

this research

Literal


25

Data B (An abstract from Business Administration department)

Table 3 : Data B Identification

No. Source Language Target Language Transation

Procedure

1b

Dalam pembangunan

ekonomi, perubahan

kesejahteraan

masyarakat merupakan

bagian yang tidak

terpisahkan.

In economic

development, changes

in public welfare are

an inseparable part.

Literal

2b

Hal ini dikarenakan

pembangunan

ekonomi dikatakan

berhasil jika tingkat

kesejahteraan

masyarakat semakin

baik.

Its because economic

development called

successful if the level of

public welfare is

getting higher.

Literal

3b

Saat ini pembangunan

bukan hanya diberikan

oleh pemerintah,

namun perusahaan-

perusahaan yang

dikelola negeri

maupun swasta juga

turut andil dalam

melaksanakan program

pembangunan

ekonomi.

Nowdays, economic

development not only

given by the

government but state

companies and private

companies also

contribute in economic

development programs.

Literal

Equivalence

4b

Hal inilah yang

mendasari

munculnya corporate

social responsibility.

It is the underlying

emergence of corporate social

responsibility.

Equivalence


26

5b

Tujuan dari penelitian

ini adalah untuk

menganalisis

besarnya pengaruh dari implementasi

corporate social

responsibility PT.

Kawasan Industri

Medan (Persero)

terhadap kesejahteraan

masyarakat yang ada

di Kelurahan

Tangkahan, Medan

Labuhan.

. The purpose of this

research was to

determine whether

there is influence from

implementation of

corporate social

responsibility PT.

Kawasan Industri

Medan (Persero) to

public welfare on

Kecamatan

Tangkahan, Medan

Labuhan.

Equivalence

6b

Penelitian ini

menggunakan metode

penelitian kuantitatif

dengan pendekatan

asosiatif.

Forms of this research is associative with

quantitative approach.

Equivalence

7b

Metode pengumpulan

data adalah dengan

menyebarkan

kuesioner, dan studi

kepustakaan.

Methods of data

collection is

byquestioner, and

literature study.

Literal

8b

Jumlah sampel yang

diteliti adalah 94

orang.

The number of samples

studied were 94 people.

Literal

9b

Metode yang

digunakan dalam


analisis regresi linier

sederhana, dan uji

hipotesis yang terdiri

dari koefisien

determinasi dan uji parsial (uji t).

. The method used in

this study is a simple

linear regression

analysis, and

hypothesis testing

which consists of a

coefficient of

determination and partial test (t test).

Literal

10b

Proses perhitungan

data menggunakan

software statistic

yakniSPSS for

windows versi 21.

The process of

calculating the data

using statistical

software SPSS version

21 for windows.

Literal


27

11b

Hasil penelitian

menunjukkan bahwa

variabel implementasi

corporate social

responsibility secara

parsial, menunjukkan

t-hitung (5,383) > t-

tabel (1,986) dengan

sig. sebesar 0 yang

berarti variabel

implementasi

corporate social

responsibility

berpengaruh positif

dan signifikan


masyarakat.

The results showed that

the implementation of

corporate social

responsinility variable

partial, shows thitung

(5,383)> ttable (1,986)

with sig. amounted to

0, which means the

implementation of

corporate social


is positive and

significant impact on

public welfare.

Literal

12b

Analisis koefisien

determinasi (R

Square)sebesar 0.240

yang berarti

kesejahteraan

masyarakat yang ada

di Kelurahan

Tangkahan, Medan

Labuhan dapat

dipengaruhi oleh

implementasi

corporate social

responsibility PT.

Kawasan Industri

Medan (Persero)

sebesar 24%

sedangkan sisanya

76% dipengaruhi oleh

faktor lain yang tidak

dijelaskan dalam

penelitian ini.

Coefficient of

determination (R

Square) is 0.240 which

means that public

welfare can be

influenced by

implementation of

corporate social

responsinility

amounted to 24% while

the remaining 76% was

influenced by other

factors not described in

this study.

Literal


28

Data C (An abstract from Communication department)

Table 4 : Data C Identification


Procedure

1c

Penelitian ini berjudul

Motif Ibu Rumah

Tangga Menonton Tayangan Sinetron

(Studi Analisis

Deskriptif Motivasi Ibu

Rumah Tangga Di

Setia Budi Tanjung

Sari Pasar 1 Medan

Dalam Menonton

Tayangan Sinetron).

This research entitled

Motive Housewife

Watching Sinetron

Impression (Study of

Descriptive Analysis

of Housewife

Motivation In Setia

Budi Tanjung Sari

Market 1 Medan In

Watching Sinetron

Impressions).

Literal

Borrowing

2c

Tujuan penelitian ini

adalah untuk

mengetahui motif Ibu

Rumah Tangga di Setia

Budi Tanjung Sari

Pasar 1 Medan dalam

Menonton Tayangan

Sinetron.

The purpose of this

study is to determine

the motives of

Housewives in Setia

Budi Tanjung Sari

Market 1 Medan in

Watching Sinetron

Impressions.

Literal

Borrowing

3c

Teori yang digunakan

dalam penelitian ini

adalah Uses and

Gratification, Televisi,

Sinetron, dan Motif.

The theory used in this

research is Uses and

Gratification,

Television, Sinetron,

and Motif.

Literal

Borrowing

4c

Penelitian ini bersifat

deskriptif yang

bertujuan untuk

menggambarkan secara

tepat sifat – sifat suatu

individu, keadaan,

gejala, atau kelompok

tertentu, atau untuk

menentukan frekuensi

atau penyebaran suatu

gejala atau frekuensi

adanya hubungan

tertentu antara suatu

gejala dengan gejala

lain dalam masyarakat.

This study is

descriptive in order to

accurately describe

the properties of a

particular individual,

state, symptom, or

group, or to determine

the frequency or

spread of a symptom

or the frequency of a

particular relationship

between a symptom

and other symptoms in

society.

Literal


29

5c

Populasi dalam


Ibu – ibu Rumah

Tangga di Setia Budi

Tanjung Sari Pasar 1

Medan yang berjumlah

360 orang.

The population in this

study were housewives

at Setia Budi Tanjung

Sari Pasar 1 Medan

which amounted to

360 people.

Literal

6c

Teknik penarikan

sampel yang digunakan

adalah propotional

random sampling

mengambil 10% dari

jumlah populasi yang

menjadikan populasi

berjumlah 67 orang.

The sampling

technique used is

propotional random

sampling taking 10%

of the total population

which makes the

population amounted

to 67 people.

Literal

7c

Teknik pengumpulan

data yang digunakan


melalui dua cara yaitu

Penelitian Lapangan

dan Studi Kepustakaan

Data collection

techniques used in this

study through two

ways: Field Research

and Library Studies.

Literal

8c

Teknik analisis data

yang digunakan adalah

Analisis Tabel

Tunggal.

Data analysis

technique used is

Single Table Analysis.

Literal

9c

Menurut Nielsen

perempuan menonton

sinetron paling lama

rata – rata 3 jam 47

menit.

According to Nielsen

women watch the

longest sinetron on

average 3 hours 47

minutes.

Literal

Borrowing

10c

Maka intensitas

responden dalam

menonton tayangan

sinetron berdasarkan

persentase 50,7%.

So the intensity of

respondents in

watching soap opera

impressions based on

50.7% percentage.

Literal


30

11c

Angka tersebut

menunjukkan bahwa

intensitas Ibu – ibu

Rumah Tangga dalam

menonton Tayangan

Sinetron cukup tinggi.

The figure shows that

the intensity of

housewives in

watching the Sinetron

Impression is quite

high.

Literal

Borrowing

Data D (An abstract from Social Welfare department)

Table 5 : Data D Identification


Procedure

1d

Pengemis penggendong

anak yang dimaksud

ialah orang yang

meminta-minta dan

memelas belas kasihan

orang lain dengan cara

menggendong atau

membawa anak.

The beggars involving

children is the person

who begs and elicits the

mercy of others by

carrying or carrying a

child.

Literal

2d

Pengemis yang

menggendong anak

dengan tujuan agar

dapat mempengaruhi

dan melahirkan

perasaan iba bagi orang

yang melihat, tak hanya

membawa satu anak

pengemis ini bahkan

ada yang membawa dua

orang anak.

Beggars who carry a

child in order to

influence and give birth

to feelings of

compassion for those

who see, not only bring

one child beggars and

some even bring two

children.

Literal

3d

Anak-anak ini diajak

agar orang-orang

semakin kasihan

melihat mereka

padahal ibunya sangat

sehat.

These children are

invited to make people

feel sorry for them

when their mother is

very healthy.

Equivalence


31

4d

Faktor ekonomi yang

kurang mampu

merupakan faktor yang

paling mempengaruhi

sehingga mereka

mereka masuk ke dalam

dunia mengemis.

The economically

disadvantaged factors

are the most influencing

factors so that they

enter into the world of

begging.

Literal

5d

Metode yang digunakan


adalah penelitian

eksploratif dengan

metode kualitatif yaitu

dengan wawancara

kepada 4 informan

utama 1 informan kunci

dan 6 informan

tambahan.

The method used in this

research is explorative

research with

qualitative method that

is by interview to 4

main informant 1 key

informant and 2

additional informant.

Literal

6d

Penelitian dilaksanakan

di lokasi sekitar Mesjid

Agung Medan.

The research was

conducted at the

location of Mesjid

Agung Medan.

Literal

Borrowing

7d

Hasil penelitian

menunjukkan bahwa

pengemis penggendong

anak membawa anak

dan cucu kandung

mereka untuk

melakukan kegiatan

mengemis.

The results show that

beggars bring their

children and

grandchildren to do

begging activities.

Literal


32

8d


anak yang melakukan

kegiatan di lokasi

Mesjid Agung Medan

memiliki anggapan

bahwa para jamaah

yang akan sholat lebih

mudah tersentuh hatinya

apalagi melihat anak

yang dibawa mereka.

Beginner beggars who

perform activities in the

location of the Great

Mosque of Medan has

the assumption that the

pilgrims who will pray

more easily touched his

heart let alone see the

children they brought.

Literal

9d

Pengunjung Mesjid

Agung Medan usianya

beragam mulai dari

muda-mudi sampai

orang tua.

Visitors of the Great

Mosque of Medan age

range from young

people to parents.

Literal

10d

Setiap kali mengemis di

lokasi ini pengemis

penggendong anak bisa

mendapatkan sampai

uang empat puluh ribu

rupiah.

Every time begging at

this location beggars

beggars can earn up to

forty thousand dollars.

Literal

11d

Jumlah tersebut cukup

untuk memenuhi

kebutuhan hidup

mereka.

The amount is enough

to meet their life needs.

Equivalence

12d

Apabila kondisi ini

diteruskan , maka akan

berakibat pada

maraknya praktek

mengemis yang

melibatkan anak dan

menjurus kepada

merosotnya mental

bangsa Indonesia.

If this condition

continues, it will result

in widespread begging

practices that involve

children and lead to the

mental decline of the

Indonesian nation.

Literal

Modulation


33

Data E (An abstracts from Sociology department)

Table 6 : Data E Identification


Procedure

1e

Penelitian ini di latar

belakangi oleh masalah

kberadaan wisata

kuliner membawak

perubahan sosial

masyarakat dengan

mendatangkan aktivitas

wisata maka masyarakat

dapat terlibat dalam

suatu aktivitas yang

mengakibatkan

perubahan sosial terjadi.

This research in the

background by the

problem of culinary

tourism bringing social

change of society by

bringing in tourism

activity hence society

can be involved in an

activity that cause social

change happened.

Literal

2e

Tidak hanya itu

pengunjung yang pesat

membawa pengaruh

bagi masyarakat sekitar

karena Desa Bagan

Percut merupakan Desa

yang sebelumnya tidak

ada aktivitas wisata

sehingga keberadaan

wisata kuliner

membawa masyarakat

dalam suatu perubahan.

Not only that the visitors

who rapidly bring

influence to the

surrounding community

because the Village

Bagan Percut is a

village that previously

no tourism activities so

that the existence of

culinary tourism to

bring the community in

a change.

Literal

3e

Penelitian ini bertujuan

untuk mengtahui

perubahan sosial apa

saja yang terjadi pada

masyarakat Desa Bagan

Percut terkait

keberadaan Wisata

kuliner.

This study aims to

mengtahui social

changes what happens

to the people of Bagan

Percut Village related to

the existence of culinary

Tour.

Literal


34

4e

Penelitian ini mengguna

metode kualitatif

dengan jenis deskriptif

dan adapun lokasi

penelitian yaitu Desa

Bagan Percut

Kecamatan Percut Sei

Tuan Kab. Deli

Serdang.

This research uses

qualitative method with

descriptive type and

while the research

location is Bagan

Percut Village Percut

Sei Tuan District. Deli

Serdang.

Literal

5e

Teknik pengambilan

sampling yaitu dengan

cara menentukan

karakteristik sendiri

(purposive sampling)

dan teknik pengumpulan

data yang dilakukan

dengan menggunakan

data primer dan data

sekunder melalui

observasi, wawancara

dan dokumentasi.

Sampling technique is

by determining its own

characteristics

(purposive sampling)

and data collection

techniques conducted by

using primary data and

secondary data through

observation, interview

and documentation.

Literal

6e

Hasil penelitian ini yaitu

masyarakat mengalami

perubahan sosial 1).

Hubungan Sosial

Berdasarkan Azas

Kepentingan

2).Munculnya Konflik

3). Perubahan Pola

Perilaku Menjadi Lebih

Giat 4). Perubahan Pola

Perilaku Menjadi

Individual 5).

Munculnya Organisasi

Baru 6). Perubahan

Gaya Busana 7).

Masyarakat Lebih

Mengetahui Merk dan

Tempat Rekreasi.

The result of this

research is the society

experiencing social

change 1). Social

Relations Based on the

Azas Interests 2) .The

Emergence of Conflict

3). Changes in Behavior

Behavior 4). Changes in

Behavioral Patterns Be

Individual 5). The

Emergence of New

Organizations 6).

Change Fashion Style

7). People Know More

Brand and Place of

Recreation.

Literal

Borrowing


35

4.2.2 Classifying and Analyzing The Data Based on The Translation Procedure

4.2.2.1 Borrowing

To overcome a lacuna, usually a metalinguistic one (e.g. new technical

process, an unknown concept), borrowing is the simplest of all translation methods.

For instance, in order to introduce the flavor of the source language (SL) culture into

a translation, foreign terms may be used, e.g. “dollars” and “party” from American

English, Mexican Spanish food names “tequila” and “tortillas” and so on. Some

well-established, mainly older borrowings are so widely used that they are no longer

considered as such and have become a part of the respective TL lexicon. In English

such words as “menu” and “hangar” are no longer considered to be borrowings. The

decision to borrow a SL word or expression for introducing an element of local

colour is a matter of style and consequently of the message (Vinay and Darbelnet, in

Venuti and Baker, 2000:85). The use of borrowing procedure can be found in:

Data no. 1c, 2c, 3c, 9c, 11c, 6d, 6e.

Total Data 7

Example 1: Data no. 1c

Source Language Target Language

Penelitian ini berjudul Motif Ibu Rumah

Tangga Menonton Tayangan Sinetron

(Studi Analisis Deskriptif Motivasi Ibu

Rumah Tangga Di Setia Budi Tanjung

Sari Pasar 1 Medan Dalam Menonton

Tayangan Sinetron).

This research entitled Motive Housewife

Watching Sinetron Impression (Study of

Descriptive Analysis of Housewife

Motivation In Setia Budi Tanjung Sari

Market 1 Medan In Watching Sinetron

Impressions).

From the data above, the translator absorbed the original term Sinetron from

the source language (Indonesia) to target language in the same lexic. The borrowing

does exist in this sentence proven that the translator does not utilize the other lexic


36

(word) to substitute the meaning of Sinetron. In English, Sinetron is translated into

Soap Opera, but in particular meaning, it will be interpreted differently. The word

Sinetron originally comes from Indonesia (Bahasa). That is to say, the translator still

use word Sinetron.

Example 2: Data no. 6d


Penelitian dilaksanakan di lokasi sekitar

Mesjid Agung Medan.

The research was conducted at the

location of Mesjid Agung Medan.

From the data above, the writer found that the translation product points that

the use of borrowing in the sentence. It is indicated by the borrowing word Mesjid

from the source language (Indonesia) to target language (English). Eventhough the

writer finds that there is another word in English to point Mesjid, that is to say

Mosque, but the translator chose the original form Mesjid because the translator

intended to refer a name of a Mosque, not to point a kind of building.

4.2.2.2 Calque

A calque is a special kind of borrowing whereby a language borrows an expression

form of another, but then translates literally each of its elements (Vinay and

Darbelnet, in Venuti and Baker, 2000:85). The use of calque procedure can be found

in:

Data no. 4a.

Total Data 1


37

Example 1: Data no. 4a


Kepemimpinan Militeristik

Otoritarian adalah Kepemimpinan yang

memadukan antara kepemimpinan yang

Militeristik dan Otoriter, yaitu

kepemimpinan yang sifatnya banyak

memberi komando atau perintah kepada

bawahannya, yang bersifat paksaan, serta

memiliki kekuasaan yang bersifat

absolut.

. The Militeristics Authoritarian

Leadership is a kind of leadership which

combined the militeristics leadership and

authoritarian leadership, which is a

leadership that gives much of commandos

or orders to his employees, which is

coercive, and have an absolute power.

From the data above, the writer found from the translation product to use

Calque. It is indicated that there is a language borrows an expression form of

another, but then translates literally each of its elements. It refers to structural calque

whereby there is a partial borrowing that adjusted into target language based

pronounciation. It is particularly happened in phrase Militeristik Otoritarian to

Militaristics Authoritarian. The structure is same, but the writing form is genuinely

adjusted.

4.2.2.3 Literal Translation

Literal, or word for word, translation is the direct transfer of a SL text into a

grammatically and idiomatically appropriate TL text in which he translators’ task is

limited to observing the adherence to the linguistic servitudes of the TL (Vinay and

Darbelnet, in Venuti and Baker, 2000:86). The use of literal procedure can be found

in:

Data no. 2a, 4a, 5a, 7a, 8a, 9a, 10a, 11a, 12a, 1b, 2b, 3b, 7b, 8b, 9b, 10b, 11b,

12b, 1c, 2c, 3c, 4c, 5c, 6c, 7c, 8c, 9c, 11c, 1d, 2d, 4d, 5d, 6d, 7d, 8d,

9d, 10d, 12d, 1e, 2e, 3e, 4e, 5e, 6e.

Total Data 44


38

Example 1: Data no. 10b


Proses perhitungan data menggunakan

software statistic yakni SPSS for

windows versi 21.

The process of calculating the data using

statistical software SPSS version 21 for

windows.

From the data above, the writer found that there is a usage of Literal

Translation in the sentence. Especially in the sentence Proses perhitungan data

menggunakan into The Process of calculating the data using. The syntactic form is

same, in which consists of subject, predicate related its order.

Example 2: Data no. 8b


Jumlah sampel yang diteliti adalah 94

orang.

The number of samples studied were 94

people.

In the example above, the sentences are translated directly from the source

language and follow closely the form of the source language. The syntactic form

does not change at all, either the passive form, the component of word elements

(noun, adejctive, verb). In this sentence, the translator used the literal translation as a

whole, because it originally does not need any adjustments.

4.2.2.4 Transposition

The method called transposition involves replacing one word class with

another without hanging the meaning of the message. In translation there are two

distinct types of transposition: (i) obligatory transposition, and (ii) optional

transposition (Vinay and Darbelnet, in Venuti and Baker, 2000:88). The structure

shifts found in translating English text into Indonesian text belong to obligatory


39

transposition due to the difference of language structure. The use of transposition

procedure can be found in:

Data no. 1a.

Total Data 1



Kegiatan manusia selalu membutuhkan

kepemimpinan.

The human activity are always in need of

leadership

From the data above, the writer found that there is a usage of transposition

especially in word Membutuhkan in source language (Indonesian) with its meaning

as verb. However, in the target language (English) it is changed into in need of as a

noun phrase without any meaning changing from the source language into target

language. So in this case, the word class is shifted from verb into noun phrase.

4.2.2.5 Modulation

Modulation is a variation of the form of the message, obtained by a change in

the point of view. This change can be justified when, although a literal, or even

transposed, translation results in a grammatically correct utterance, it is considered

unsuitable, unidiomatic or awkward in the TL (Vinay and Darbelnet, in Venuti and

Baker, 2000:89).

The use of modulation procedure can be found in:

Data no. 7a, 8a, 12d.

Total Data 3


40



Ini dapat dilihat dari peraturan-peraturan

dan kebijakan-kebijakan yang mereka

terapkan di masing-masing negara pada

saat mereka memimpin.

This can be seen from the rules and

policies which they applied in each

countries when they were ruled.

In the data above, the change of point of view can be seen from the clause

‘pada saat mereka memimpin’ that is translated into ‘when they were ruled’. In the

source language (Indonesian) the writer found that the sentence is in active form

which it contains active verb that is to say Memimpin. However, in the target

language (English) the writer found that the sentence is changed into passive form. In

this case, the point of view in both sentence is different.



Apabila kondisi ini diteruskan , maka

akan berakibat pada maraknya praktek

mengemis yang melibatkan anak dan

menjurus kepada merosotnya mental

bangsa Indonesia.

If this condition continues, it will result

in widespread begging practices that

involve children and lead to the mental

decline of the Indonesian nation.

From the data above, the writer found that there is a modulation process

happened. In this case in source language (Indonesian) in the partial sentence Kondisi

ini diteruskan is identified as a passive form. On the other hand, in target language

(English), the form is changed into active form with the active verb. In this case, the

point of view in both sentence is different.


41

4.2.2.6 Equivalence

We have repeatedly stressed that one and the same situation can be rendered

by two texts using completely different stylistic and structural methods. In such cases

we are dealing with the method which produces equivalent texts (Vinay and

Darbelnet, in Venuti and Baker, 2000:90). The method of creating equivalences is

also frequently applied to idioms. For example, “To talk through one’s hat” and “as

like as two peas” cannot be translated by means of calque. The use of equivalence

procedure can be found in:

Data no. 3a, 6a, 3b, 4b, 5b, 6b, 3d, 11d.

Total Data 8



Jumlah tersebut cukup untuk memenuhi

kebutuhan hidup mereka.

The amount is enough to meet their life

needs.

In example 1, the translator uses completely different stylistic and structural

methods in translating ‘untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup mereka’ and ‘to meet their

life needs.’ into the target language. This is because if the words are to be translated

by following the structure of the source language, it will result in inappropriate

meaning. It uses the contextual noun to be defined naturally in target language.


42



Anak-anak ini diajak agar orang-orang

semakin kasihan melihat mereka

padahal ibunya sangat sehat.

These children are invited to make

people feel sorry for them when their

mother is very healthy.

From the data above, the writer found that there is a modulation happened in

a part of a sentence especially in agar orang-orang semakin kasihan melihat mereka

into “to make people feel sorry for them”. It is related to the culture in target

language. While notably in source language there is no predicate to explain about the

word event. It is contrary different in culture of target language which puts predicate

(verb) as an essential part in a sentence. Therefore, the translator uses equivalence

process to make the translation procedure sounds natural.

4.2.2.7 Adaptation

The writer does not find any data related to the Adaptation procedure of

translation.

4.3 Data Findings

After analysis the data, the writer acknowledge that there are 44 cases of

literal translation, 8 cases of equivalence, 7 cases for borrowing, 3 cases for

modulation, 1 case for Calque and 1 case of transposition which are presented in the

data analysis to determine which translation procedure used in the various sentences

in thesis abstracts. There are no cases of adaptation found from the data which are

analyzed. The writer uses “educational statistic’ Butler (1985) to count the

percentage of each procedure. Therefore, by virtue of the calculation, the writer


43

intends to emphasize that the problem to identify translation procedures used in the

translation of the students’ abstracts.

The table below shows the percentage of the translation procedures found in

the data, to answer the second problem in this research.

Table 7 : Table of Translation Procedures in Thesis Abstracts

No. Translation Procedures Total Data

Number Percentage

1 Literal 44 68,75 %

2 Equivalence 8 12,5 %

3 Borrowing 7 10,93 %

4 Modulation 3 4,68 %

5 Calque 1 1,56 %

6 Transposition 1 1,56 %

From the table above, it indicates the dominant translation procedure used by

the translator is Literal translation whereby literal translation is to translate word or

an expression word for word. In particular, the literal translation is appropriate to

apply, however in the translation procedure, the variation of translation procedure

should be able to maximize the quality of a translation product. There are some

factors that influence on how a translation doer predominantly applies one particular

procedure. Especially, in this case Literal translation is a dominant used-procedure

which has reached 68,75% meaning that it covers more than 50% or half of total

sentences on several abstracts as data by majority of the translator of the thesis

abstratcs in Social and Political Science Faculty.


44

There are so many assumptions of the writer to identify why the dominant

translation procedure used in majority of thesis abstract. Firsly, it is possible that the

translator is biased with the source language’s form and syntactical format. Secondly,

the translator predominantly only concerned with a single translation procedure that

the translator mastered. Thirdly, there is a particular reason related to the translator

does not master in advance other procedures that makes the majority of translation

procedure only utilized the literal translation. Forthly, it is possible that the translator

is quite unfamiliar with the target language that is to make the cultural translation

does not run naturally.

The writer acknowledge that from the background of the translator of thesis

abstracts of Social and Political Science Faculty, it refers to the capability of the

students in English competency and moreover the limited understanding of

translation material given to them in matrix of curriculum. On the other hand, the

writer acknowldege that the result of English translation on students’ abstracts of

Social and Political Science Faculty show that there is a tendency of unawareness of

students to quality of translation that is crucial enough to influence the perseption of

the reader to a scientific research through observing abstracts to begin with.


45

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion

After doing the whole analysis of the thesis abstracts of Social and Political

Sciences Faculty and its translation, it can be concluded that:

1. There are six translation procedures applied out of seven translation

procedures by Vinay and Dalbernet. The six translation procedures are

borrowing, calque, literal translation, transposition, modulation, and

equivalence. Whereas adaptation is found in none of the text.

2. The most dominant procedure used in translated thesis abstracts of Social and

Political Sciences faculty is Literal Translation with 44 occurrences

(68,75%), followed by equivalence with 8 occurrences (12,5%), borrowing

with 7 occurrences (10,93%), modulation with 3 occurrences (4,68%),

transposition with 1 occurrence (1,56%) and calque with 1 occurrence

(1,56%).

5.2 Suggestion

After conducting the study, the writer would like to give some suggestions for

translating Bahasa Indonesia into English. As translation is an effort of finding

equivalent meaning of a text into the target language, a good translator should be

familiar with the culture, history and beliefs not only of the language he speaks but

also the source language he would translate into his own language in order to avoid


46

misinterpretation in conveying meaning. Knowing how to speak two languages is not

the same thing as knowing how to translate. There are rules and cultural differences

to be considered in both languages. Looking at the result of the assessment, the

writer suggests to make improvement to the translation of the book into Bahasa

Indonesia so that it can be more easily understood by the intended readers.

The writer acknowldege that the thesis abstract is one of the most essential

past in writing scientific research (thesis). It foresees the whole content of the

research in brief and complex content. It also attracts the readers to see and knowing

more about one particular scientific research. Especially, the scientific research

nowadays has been internationally published in network references. So, the writer

really concerns on how effective a translation in thesis abstract to give right

understanding about a research to anticipate any misunderstanding.

The writer also wants to suggest that translation subject in this department

can be taught more specifically because there are many subjects in this field that can

be translate such as; legal document, medical journal, economical journal, etc. So, we

have to know more about translation procedures, translation techniques, translation

method and so on. Finally, the writer expect that this research can make a good

awareness to translation and this research can make contribution to further research.


47

REFERENCES

Bell, R. T. 1991. Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice. New York:

Longman.

Benjamins, J. 2006. Translation Studies at the Interface of Disciplines.

Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Borko, H. and Seymour. C. 1963. "Criteria for Acceptable Abstracts: A Survey of

Abstracters' Instructions." American Documentation (149-160) Chapel Hill:

The Writing Center. University of North Carolina;

Bull, V. 2008. Oxford: Learner’s Pocket Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University

Press.

Catford, J. C. 1965. A Linguistik Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University

Press.

Crystal. D. 1987.The Cambridge encyclopedia of language. Cambridge: Cambridge

University.

Day. R. A. 1998. How to Write Published and A Scientific Paper. Phoenix : The

Oryx Press

Djajasudarma, Hj. T. F. 2006. Metode Linguistik: Ancangan Metode Penelitian dan

Kajian. Bandung: PT Refika Aditama.

Hatim, B. 2001. Teaching and researching translation. Harlow: Pearson Education.

Houghton. B. 1975. Scientific Periodicals: Their Historical Development,

Characteristics, and Control. Hamden : Shoe String Press.

Larson, M. 1984. Meaning-Based Translation. New York : University Press of

America, Inc.

Miles, M. B. and Huberman A. M. 1994. Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods

Sourcebook. London : Sage.

Muchtar, M. 2013. Penerjemahan :Teori, Praktik, danKajian. Medan: Bartong Jaya.

Munday, J. 2001. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications.

London: Routledge

Newmark, P. 1984. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall

Nida, E., and Charles T. 1974. The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden:

E.J.Brill.


48

Pratiwi, T. 2015. Translation Technique In The Translation of Lauren Kate’s Novel

“Torment” Into Bahasa Indonesia “Tersiksa” By Fanny Yuanita. Medan :

Universitas Sumatera Utara (Unpublished)

Sari, W. V. 2014. Translation Procedures Applied in Subtitling English Idioms in

“The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” Movie into Indonesian. Medan:

Fakultas Ilmu Budaya USU (Unpublished)

Simatupang, M. D. S. 1992. Pengantar Teori Terjemahan. Jakarta: Departement

Pendidikan Nasional.

Venutti, L. 2000. The Translation Studies Reader. London: Routledge.

Vinay, J.-P., & Darbelnet, J. 1958/2000. A Methodology for Translation. [An excerpt

from Comparative Stylistics of French and English: A Methodology for

Translation, trans. and eds. J. C. Sager & M.-J. Hamel, Amsterdam: John

Benjamins, 1995, first published in 1958 as Stylistique comparée du français et

de l’anglais. Méthode de traduction] In L. Venuti (Ed.), The Translation

Studies Reader. London: Routledge.

Wilkinson. A.M. 1991. The Scientist's Handbook for Writing Papers and

Dissertations. New Jersey: Prentice Hall

April 6, 2011. Summaries and Abstracts. Retrieved from

https://coursedev.umuc.edu/WRTG999A/chapter3/ch3-14.html (September 21,

2017)

October, 1997. How to Write an Abstract. Retrieved from

https://users.ece.cmu.edu/~koopman/essays/abstract.html (September 21, 2017)

2017. Repository Students Paper. Retrieved from

http://repository.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/92 (October 5, 2017)


https://coursedev.umuc.edu/WRTG999A/chapter3/ch3-14.html

https://users.ece.cmu.edu/~koopman/essays/abstract.html

http://repository.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/92

viii

APPENDICES

Data A

No. Source Language Target Language

1a

Kegiatan manusia selalu

membutuhkan

kepemimpinan.

The human activity are

always in need of leadership

2a

Semua organisasi apapun

jenisnya pasti memiliki dan

memerlukan seorang

pimpinan tertinggiyang

harus menjalankan kegiatan

kepemimpinan.

All of organization whatever

its kind exactly have and

needs a supreme leader who

runs the leadership activity.

3a

Pemimpin adalah orang yang

mampu mempengaruhi serta

membujuk pihak lain agar

melakukan tindakan yang

sesuai dengan keinginannya.

A leader is a person who

able to influence and

persuade the other people to

do the thing which he wants.


ix

4a

Kepemimpinan Militeristik

Otoritarian adalah

Kepemimpinan yang

memadukan antara

kepemimpinan yang

Militeristik dan Otoriter,

yaitu kepemimpinan yang

sifatnya banyak memberi

komando atau perintah

kepada bawahannya, yang

bersifat paksaan, serta

memiliki kekuasaan yang

bersifat absolut.

. The Militeristics

Authoritarian Leadership is

a kind of leadership which

combined the militeristics

leadership and authoritarian

leadership, which is a

leadership that gives much of

commandos or orders to his

employees, which is

coercive, and have an

absolute power.

5a

Saloth Sar dan Soeharto

adalah mantan pemimpin

negara Kamboja dan

Indonesia.

Saloth Sar and Soeharto is

an ex-leader of Cambodia

and Indonesia.

6a

Kedua tokoh ini memiliki

pengaruh yang sangat besar

di negara dimana mereka

memimpin pada masa nya.

Both figures have big

influences in the country

which they ruled. Both of

them was known as a strict

and rigid leader when they

were ruled in Cambodia and

Indonesia.

7a

Kedua tokoh ini juga dikenal

sebagai pemimpin yang

sangat keras dan kaku pada

saat mereka memimpin di

Kamboja dan Indonesia.

Both of them was known as a

strict and rigid leader when

they were ruled in Cambodia

and Indonesia.

8a

Ini dapat dilihat dari

peraturan-peraturan dan

kebijakan-kebijakan yang

mereka terapkan di masing-

masing negara pada saat

mereka memimpin.

This can be seen from the

rules and policies which they

applied in each countries

when they were ruled.

9a

Penelitian ini mencoba untuk

menjelaskan dan juga

membandingkan gaya

This research is trying to

explained and also to

compared the Militeristics


x

kepemimpinan militeristik

dan otoriter yang dimiliki

oleh Saloth Sar di Kamboja

pada tahun 1975-1979 dan

Soeharto di Indonesia pada

periode 1965-1970.

Authoritarian leadership

style who owned by Saloth

Sar in Cambodia in 1975-

1979 and Soeharto in

Indonesia in 1965-1970

period.

10a

Penelitian ini adalah jenis

penelitian kualitatif dengan

menggunakan metode

Perbandingan.

This kind of research is a

qualitative research using

the comparative method.

This research is a library

research.

11a Penelitian ini adalah jenis

penelitian studi pustaka.

This research is a library

research.

12a

Sumber data yang digunakan

dalam penelitian ini adalah

data sekunder, yang

diperoleh melalui buku-

buku, situs internet, jurnal,

dan lainnya yang berkaitan

dengan penelitian ini

The sources of data which

used in this research are

secondary data, which is

obtained from the books,

websites, journal, and others

which related to this

research

Data B


1b

Dalam pembangunan

ekonomi, perubahan

kesejahteraan

masyarakat merupakan

bagian yang tidak

terpisahkan.

In economic

development, changes in

public welfare are an

inseparable part.

2b

Hal ini dikarenakan

pembangunan ekonomi

dikatakan berhasil jika

tingkat kesejahteraan

masyarakat semakin

baik.

Its because economic

development called

successful if the level of

public welfare is getting

higher.

3b

Saat ini pembangunan

bukan hanya diberikan

oleh pemerintah, namun

perusahaan-perusahaan

yang dikelola negeri

maupun swasta juga

turut andil dalam

melaksanakan program

pembangunan ekonomi.

Nowdays, economic

development not only

given by the government

but state companies and

private companies also

contribute in economic

development programs.

4b Hal inilah yang

mendasari munculnya

It is the underlying

emergence of corporate


xi

corporate social

responsibility.

social responsibility.

5b

Tujuan dari penelitian

ini adalah untuk

menganalisis besarnya

pengaruh dari

implementasi corporate

social responsibility PT.

Kawasan Industri

Medan (Persero)


masyarakat yang ada di

Kelurahan Tangkahan,

Medan Labuhan.

. The purpose of this

research was to

determine whether there

is influence from

implementation of

corporate social

responsibility PT.

Kawasan Industri

Medan (Persero) to

public welfare on

Kecamatan Tangkahan,

Medan Labuhan.

6b

Penelitian ini

menggunakan metode

penelitian kuantitatif

dengan pendekatan

asosiatif.

Forms of this research

is associative with

quantitative approach.

7b

Metode pengumpulan

data adalah dengan

menyebarkan kuesioner,

dan studi kepustakaan.

Methods of data

collection is

byquestioner, and

literature study.

8b Jumlah sampel yang

diteliti adalah 94 orang.

The number of samples

studied were 94 people.

9b



adalah analisis regresi

linier sederhana, dan uji

hipotesis yang terdiri

dari koefisien

determinasi dan uji

parsial (uji t).

. The method used in

this study is a simple

linear regression

analysis, and hypothesis

testing which consists of

a coefficient of

determination and

partial test (t test).

10b

Proses perhitungan data

menggunakan software

statistic yakniSPSS for

windows versi 21.

The process of

calculating the data

using statistical

software SPSS version

21 for windows.

11b

Hasil penelitian

menunjukkan bahwa


corporate social

responsibility secara

parsial, menunjukkan t-

hitung (5,383) > t-tabel

(1,986) dengan sig.

sebesar 0 yang berarti


The results showed that

the implementation of

corporate social


partial, shows thitung

(5,383)> ttable (1,986)

with sig. amounted to 0,

which means the

implementation of

corporate social


xii

corporate social

responsibility

berpengaruh positif dan

signifikan terhadap

kesejahteraan

masyarakat.

responsinility variable is

positive and significant

impact on public

welfare.

12b

Analisis koefisien

determinasi (R

Square)sebesar 0.240

yang berarti

kesejahteraan

masyarakat yang ada di

Kelurahan Tangkahan,

Medan Labuhan dapat

dipengaruhi oleh

implementasi corporate

social responsibility PT.

Kawasan Industri

Medan (Persero)

sebesar 24% sedangkan

sisanya 76%

dipengaruhi oleh faktor

lain yang tidak

dijelaskan dalam

penelitian ini.

Coefficient of

determination (R

Square) is 0.240 which

means that public

welfare can be

influenced by

implementation of

corporate social

responsinility amounted

to 24% while the

remaining 76% was

influenced by other

factors not described in

this study.

Data C


1c

Penelitian ini berjudul

Motif Ibu Rumah

Tangga Menonton

Tayangan Sinetron

(Studi Analisis

Deskriptif Motivasi Ibu

Rumah Tangga Di Setia

Budi Tanjung Sari Pasar

1 Medan Dalam

Menonton Tayangan

Sinetron).

This research entitled

Motive Housewife

Watching Sinetron

Impression (Study of

Descriptive Analysis of

Housewife Motivation

In Setia Budi Tanjung

Sari Market 1 Medan In

Watching Sinetron

Impressions).

2c

Tujuan penelitian ini

adalah untuk

mengetahui motif Ibu

Rumah Tangga di Setia

Budi Tanjung Sari Pasar

1 Medan dalam

The purpose of this

study is to determine

the motives of

Housewives in Setia

Budi Tanjung Sari

Market 1 Medan in


xiii

Menonton Tayangan

Sinetron.

Watching Sinetron

Impressions.

3c

Teori yang digunakan


adalah Uses and

Gratification, Televisi,

Sinetron, dan Motif.

The theory used in this

research is Uses and

Gratification,

Television, Sinetron,

and Motif.

4c

Penelitian ini bersifat

deskriptif yang

bertujuan untuk

menggambarkan secara

tepat sifat – sifat suatu

individu, keadaan,

gejala, atau kelompok

tertentu, atau untuk

menentukan frekuensi

atau penyebaran suatu

gejala atau frekuensi

adanya hubungan

tertentu antara suatu

gejala dengan gejala

lain dalam masyarakat.

This study is descriptive

in order to accurately

describe the properties

of a particular

individual, state,

symptom, or group, or

to determine the

frequency or spread of

a symptom or the

frequency of a

particular relationship

between a symptom and

other symptoms in

society.

5c

Populasi dalam

penelitian ini adalah Ibu

– ibu Rumah Tangga di

Setia Budi Tanjung Sari

Pasar 1 Medan yang

berjumlah 360 orang.

The population in this

study were housewives

at Setia Budi Tanjung

Sari Pasar 1 Medan

which amounted to 360

people.

6c

Teknik penarikan

sampel yang digunakan

adalah propotional

random sampling

mengambil 10% dari

jumlah populasi yang

menjadikan populasi

berjumlah 67 orang.

The sampling technique

used is propotional

random sampling

taking 10% of the total

population which

makes the population

amounted to 67 people.

7c

Teknik pengumpulan

data yang digunakan


melalui dua cara yaitu

Penelitian Lapangan

dan Studi Kepustakaan

Data collection

techniques used in this

study through two

ways: Field Research

and Library Studies.

8c Teknik analisis data

yang digunakan adalah

Data analysis technique

used is Single Table


xiv

Analisis Tabel Tunggal. Analysis.

9c

Menurut Nielsen

perempuan menonton

sinetron paling lama

rata – rata 3 jam 47

menit.

According to Nielsen

women watch the

longest sinetron on

average 3 hours 47

minutes.

10c

Maka intensitas

responden dalam

menonton tayangan

sinetron berdasarkan

persentase 50,7%.

So the intensity of

respondents in

watching soap opera

impressions based on

50.7% percentage.

11c

Angka tersebut

menunjukkan bahwa

intensitas Ibu – ibu

Rumah Tangga dalam

menonton Tayangan

Sinetron cukup tinggi.

The figure shows that

the intensity of

housewives in watching

the Sinetron Impression

is quite high.

Data D


1d


anak yang dimaksud

ialah orang yang

meminta-minta dan

memelas belas kasihan

orang lain dengan cara

menggendong atau

membawa anak.

The beggars involving

children is the person

who begs and elicits the

mercy of others by

carrying or carrying a

child.

2d

Pengemis yang

menggendong anak

dengan tujuan agar dapat

mempengaruhi dan

melahirkan perasaan iba

bagi orang yang melihat,

tak hanya membawa satu

anak pengemis ini

bahkan ada yang

membawa dua orang

anak.

Beggars who carry a

child in order to

influence and give birth

to feelings of compassion

for those who see, not

only bring one child

beggars and some even

bring two children.

3d

Anak-anak ini diajak agar

orang-orang semakin

kasihan melihat mereka

padahal ibunya sangat

sehat.

These children are

invited to make people

feel sorry for them when

their mother is very

healthy.


xv

4d

Faktor ekonomi yang

kurang mampu

merupakan faktor yang

paling mempengaruhi

sehingga mereka mereka

masuk ke dalam dunia

mengemis.

The economically

disadvantaged factors

are the most influencing

factors so that they enter

into the world of

begging.

5d



adalah penelitian

eksploratif dengan

metode kualitatif yaitu

dengan wawancara

kepada 4 informan utama

1 informan kunci dan 6

informan tambahan.

The method used in this

research is explorative

research with qualitative

method that is by

interview to 4 main

informant 1 key

informant and 2

additional informant.

6d

Penelitian dilaksanakan

di lokasi sekitar Mesjid

Agung Medan.

The research was

conducted at the location

of Mesjid Agung Medan.

7d

Hasil penelitian

menunjukkan bahwa

pengemis penggendong

anak membawa anak dan

cucu kandung mereka

untuk melakukan

kegiatan mengemis.

The results show that

beggars bring their

children and

grandchildren to do

begging activities.

8d


anak yang melakukan

kegiatan di lokasi Mesjid

Agung Medan memiliki

anggapan bahwa para

jamaah yang akan sholat

lebih mudah tersentuh

hatinya apalagi melihat

anak yang dibawa

mereka.

Beginner beggars who

perform activities in the

location of the Great

Mosque of Medan has the

assumption that the

pilgrims who will pray

more easily touched his

heart let alone see the

children they brought.

9d Pengunjung Mesjid

Agung Medan usianya

Visitors of the Great

Mosque of Medan age


xvi

beragam mulai dari

muda-mudi sampai orang

tua.

range from young people

to parents.

10d

Setiap kali mengemis di

lokasi ini pengemis

penggendong anak bisa

mendapatkan sampai

uang empat puluh ribu

rupiah.

Every time begging at

this location beggars

beggars can earn up to

forty thousand dollars.

11d

Jumlah tersebut cukup

untuk memenuhi

kebutuhan hidup mereka.

The amount is enough to

meet their life needs.

12d

Apabila kondisi ini

diteruskan , maka akan

berakibat pada maraknya

praktek mengemis yang

melibatkan anak dan

menjurus kepada

merosotnya mental

bangsa Indonesia.

If this condition

continues, it will result in

widespread begging

practices that involve

children and lead to the

mental decline of the

Indonesian nation.

Data E


1e

Penelitian ini di latar

belakangi oleh masalah

kberadaan wisata kuliner

membawak perubahan

sosial masyarakat dengan

mendatangkan aktivitas

wisata maka masyarakat

dapat terlibat dalam suatu

aktivitas yang

mengakibatkan

perubahan sosial terjadi.

This research in the

background by the

problem of culinary

tourism bringing social

change of society by

bringing in tourism

activity hence society can

be involved in an activity

that cause social change

happened.

2e

Tidak hanya itu

pengunjung yang pesat

membawa pengaruh bagi

masyarakat sekitar karena

Desa Bagan Percut

merupakan Desa yang

sebelumnya tidak ada

aktivitas wisata sehingga

keberadaan wisata

kuliner membawa

masyarakat dalam suatu

Not only that the visitors

who rapidly bring

influence to the

surrounding community

because the Village

Bagan Percut is a village

that previously no

tourism activities so that

the existence of culinary

tourism to bring the


xvii

perubahan. community in a change.

3e

Penelitian ini bertujuan

untuk mengtahui

perubahan sosial apa saja

yang terjadi pada

masyarakat Desa Bagan

Percut terkait keberadaan

Wisata kuliner.

This study aims to

mengtahui social changes

what happens to the

people of Bagan Percut

Village related to the

existence of culinary

Tour.

4e

Penelitian ini mengguna

metode kualitatif dengan

jenis deskriptif dan

adapun lokasi penelitian

yaitu Desa Bagan Percut

Kecamatan Percut Sei

Tuan Kab. Deli Serdang.

This research uses

qualitative method with

descriptive type and

while the research

location is Bagan Percut

Village Percut Sei Tuan

District. Deli Serdang.

5e

Teknik pengambilan

sampling yaitu dengan

cara menentukan

karakteristik sendiri

(purposive sampling) dan

teknik pengumpulan data

yang dilakukan dengan

menggunakan data

primer dan data sekunder

melalui observasi,

wawancara dan

dokumentasi.

Sampling technique is by

determining its own

characteristics

(purposive sampling) and

data collection

techniques conducted by

using primary data and

secondary data through

observation, interview

and documentation.

6e

Hasil penelitian ini yaitu

masyarakat mengalami

perubahan sosial 1).

Hubungan Sosial

Berdasarkan Azas

Kepentingan

2).Munculnya Konflik 3).

Perubahan Pola Perilaku

Menjadi Lebih Giat 4).

Perubahan Pola Perilaku

Menjadi Individual 5).

Munculnya Organisasi

Baru 6). Perubahan Gaya

Busana 7). Masyarakat

Lebih Mengetahui Merk

dan Tempat Rekreasi.

The result of this

research is the society

experiencing social

change 1). Social

Relations Based on the

Azas Interests 2) .The

Emergence of Conflict 3).

Changes in Behavior

Behavior 4). Changes in

Behavioral Patterns Be

Individual 5). The

Emergence of New

Organizations 6). Change

Fashion Style 7). People

Know More Brand and

Place of Recreation.


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