an analysis of techniques and quality of the song … · in animation movie entitled “happy...
TRANSCRIPT
AN ANALYSIS OF TECHNIQUES
AND QUALITY OF THE SONG LYRICS TRANSLATION
IN ANIMATION MOVIE ENTITLED “HAPPY FEET”
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Sarjana Degree
in English Department Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts
Sebelas Maret University
BY:
EDY TRIYANTO
C 0304020
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2009
ii
AN ANALYSIS OF TECHNIQUES AND QUALITY
OF SONG LYRICS TRANSLATION
IN ANIMATION MOVIE ENTITLED “HAPPY FEET”
By:
EDY TRIYANTO
C 0304020
Approved to be Examined before the Board of Examiners
of English Department Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts
Sebelas Maret University
Thesis Supervisor
Ida Kusuma Dewi S.S., M.A. NIP 197105251998022001
Head of English Department
DR. Djatmika, M. A. NIP 196707261993021001
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AN ANALYSIS OF TECHNIQUES AND QUALITY
OF SONG LYRICS TRANSLATION
IN ANIMATION MOVIE ENTITLED “HAPPY FEET”
By:
EDY TRIYANTO
C 0304020
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners of English Department
Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts
Sebelas Maret University
Chairman : Prof. Drs. M.R. Nababan, M.Ed, M.A, Ph.D ( ) NIP. 196303281992011001 Secretary : Dyah Ayu Nila K., S.S, M.Hum ( ) NIP. 198302112006042001 First examiner : Ida Kusuma Dewi, SS, MA ( ) NIP. 197105251998022001 Second examiner : DR. Tri Wiratno, MA ( ) NIP. 195905051986012001
Dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts
Drs. Sudarno, M.A.
NIP 195303141985061001
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PRONOUNCEMENT
Name : Edy Triyanto
NIM : C0304020
I pronounce truthfully that this thesis entitled An Analysis of Techniques and
Quality of Song Lyrics Translation in Animation Movie Entitled “Happy Feet”
is originally made by the researcher. It is neither a plagiarism, nor made by others.
Things related to other people’s work are written in quotations and included in
bibliography.
If it is then proved that the researcher cheats, the researcher is ready to take the
responsibility.
Surakarta, July 2009
The Researcher
Edy Triyanto
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MOTTO
It’s alright to fall apart sometimes sooner or later,
You will learn how to put those pieces together
You have to believe for something impossible
(Howard Head)
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DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to
My beloved Father and Mother
And
My beloved Sisters, Ida and Fajar
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahi rabbil ‘alamiin. All the gratitude for The Almighty ALLAH
SWT, for all blessing and guidance to me in finishing this thesis. All I have done in
my thesis are coming from Allah guidance. I get many supports and helps during the
process of finishing my thesis and it is a great time to say thanks to those who have
supported and encouraged me in accomplishing this thesis. Deep from inside my
heart, I realized that without their role and supports, this thesis would not be
completed. Therefore, I want to extend thanks to:
1. Drs. Sudarno, M.A., the Dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts Sebelas Maret
University, for approving my thesis.
2. Drs. Djatmika, M.A., the Head of English Department for the permission to
write this thesis.
3. Ida Kusuma Dewi S.S., M.A., my thesis supervisor. Thank you very much for
your guidance, patience, understanding and advices.
4. Dra. Rara Sugiarti, M. Tourism., as my academic supervisor. Thank you for the
supports and advices in finishing my study.
5. All lecturers of English Department, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Sebelas
Maret University.
6. Mr. Herianto Nababan, S.S., Mr. Sumardiono, S.S., and Mrs. Dwi Haryanti, as
my raters. Thank you for your help and cooperation.
7. Nicha, Ulfa and Rossa. Thank you for being my respondents.
8. My beloved parents for your support and endless love to me. I love you.
9. My sisters Ida and Fajar, thank you for always supporting and asking me when
will I finish my study. I love you my sista.
10. Edy M. Fata and Doni, my best friends. Thanks for your helps. I realize that
your support makes me have a huge spirit in doing my thesis.
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11. My Translation classmates, Hilda, Lydya, Tatan, Uus, Thori, Nanak, Agustin,
Nina T, Nina S, Ririn, Ficka, Erna, Ria. All of you are unique friends in my life.
12. All of my friends in English Department ’04. Tumpulz Gank, Three Maskentir,
I am happy to have friends like you and have great time together.
13. HMJ EDCOM, thanks for the best moment.
14. LPM Kalpadruma, Lina, Wira, Taufik, Lita, and friends.
Finally, I realize that this thesis is still far from being perfect, therefore I
would be very thankful for all the constructive suggestions and criticisms.
Surakarta, July 2009
Edy Triyanto
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TABLE OF CONTENT
THE APPROVAL OF THE SUPERVISOR .......................................... ii
THE APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ...................... iii
PRONOUNCEMENT............................................................................. iv
MOTTO .................................................................................................. v
DEDICATION........................................................................................ vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT......................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................ ix
ABSTRACT............................................................................................ xii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION............................................................ 1
A. Research Background ................................................................. 1
B. Research Problems...................................................................... 4
C. Research Objectives .................................................................... 4
D. Research Limitation .................................................................... 5
E. Research Benefits........................................................................ 5
F. Thesis Organization .................................................................... 6
CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW................................................ 7
A. Definition of Translation............................................................. 7
B. Process of Translation................................................................. 8
C. Problems in Translation .............................................................. 10
D. Quality Assessment of Translation ............................................. 12
E. Translation Technique................................................................. 17
F. Description of Movie .................................................................. 28
G. Subtitling in the Movie ............................................................... 30
H. Definition of Song....................................................................... 33
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I. Summary of Happy Feet Movie.................................................. 34
J. Happy Feet Song......................................................................... 36
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................. 38
A. Type of Research ........................................................................ 38
B. Data and Source of Data ............................................................. 39
C. Sample and Sampling Technique................................................ 40
D. Method of Data Collection.......................................................... 41
E. Technique of Data Analysis........................................................ 43
F. Research Procedure..................................................................... 44
Chapter IV. DATA ANALYSIS............................................................. 45
A. Introduction................................................................................. 45
B. Analysis....................................................................................... 46
1. Translation Techniques ......................................................... 46
1.1. Addition ......................................................................... 46
1.2. Reduction or Deletion .................................................... 48
1.3. Translation Shift............................................................. 50
1.3.1. Structural Shift from MH to HM........................... 51
1.3.2. Class Shift from Adjective to Adverb ................... 52
1.3.3. Class Shift from Noun to Adverb.......................... 53
1.3.4. Class Shift from Verb to Adjective ....................... 54
1.3.5. Unit Shift from Phrase to Word ............................ 55
1.4. Literal Translation.......................................................... 56
1.5. Free Translation ............................................................. 58
1.6. Modulation ..................................................................... 59
2. Translation Quality Assessment............................................ 60
2.1. Accuracy ........................................................................ 61
2.1.1. Classification A..................................................... 62
2.1.2. Classification B..................................................... 64
2.1.3. Classification C..................................................... 65
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2.1.4. Classification D..................................................... 65
2.2. Acceptability .................................................................. 68
2.2.1. Classification A..................................................... 69
2.2.2. Classification B..................................................... 71
2.2.3. Classification C..................................................... 72
2.3. Readability ..................................................................... 73
2.3.1. Classification A..................................................... 75
2.3.2. Classification B..................................................... 76
2.3.3. Classification C..................................................... 76
3. Discussion ............................................................................. 78
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........... 92
A. Conclusion .................................................................................. 92
B. Recommendations....................................................................... 94
BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................... 95
APPENDICES
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ABSTRACT
Edy Triyanto. C0304020. An Analysis of Techniques and Quality of Song Lyrics Translation in Animation Movie Entitled “Happy Feet”. Thesis: English Department. Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta.
This research focuses on the analysis of translation techniques applied in translating the song lyrics in the animation movie entitled “Happy Feet” and translation quality in term of accuracy, acceptability, and readability.
This research is descriptive qualitative study. The purposes of the research are (1) to describe the techniques used by the translator in translating song lyrics subtitle into Indonesian (2) to find out the quality of the translation in terms of accuracy, acceptability and readability.
The research employed purposive sampling technique. The source data were all song lyrics in the Happy Feet movie. The other data were obtained from the questionnaire distributed to three raters and three respondents. The total data in the movie were 172 data.
The analysis on the translation techniques shows that there are six techniques applied in translating the lyrics in the subtitle. The techniques are addition (16 data), reduction or deletion (55 data), translation shift (18 data), modulation (3 data), literal translation (67 data) and free translation (13 data).
The analysis on the translation accuracy shows that there are 105 data (61.05%) considered to be accurate, 50 data (29.07%) considered to be less accurate and 17 data (9.88%) considered to be very inaccurate. The analysis on the translation acceptability shows that there are 142 data (91.62%) considered to be acceptable and 13 data (8.38%) considered to be less acceptable. And the analysis on the translation readability shows that there are 117 data (75.48%) considered to be readable, 34 data (21.94%) considered to be less readable and 4 data (2.58%) considered to be unreadable.
The techniques resulting translation with high degree of accuracy is literal translation while the one resulting in inaccurate translation is reduction. The techniques resulting in acceptable translation are addition, translation shift, and modulation while techniques resulting in less acceptable translation are reduction and literal translation. The techniques resulting translation with high degree of readability is translation shift while the technique resulting in unreadable translation is literal translation.
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background
Language is used by people to communicate since thousand years ago.
They can express their ideas to others with language, whether spoken or written
language. Meanwhile, translation is a medium to conduct between countries with
their different language and culture. Traditionally, translation was used to make
religious, literary, scientific or philosophical texts available to a wider audience
(Schwarz, 2002). During twentieth century, translation was commonly used by
an educated elite such in political and popular literature (Newmark, 1988).
Today, the written word is soon joined by a new area for translation,
which is a moving picture. By the development of technology, motion picture
which was silent movie (with few texts), since in late of 1920, the field of
translation of films began in the form of inter-titles inserted between the images.
The development of motion picture in the world is growing rapidly although it is
dominated by American movie under its popular label, “Hollywood”. Many
genres movie are produced today which aims to fulfill the people’s need of
entertainment by Production House (PH) such as Walt Disney Picture, Warner
Bros Picture and 21th Century.
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Motion picture from United States can be watched by people all over the
world although they do not speak in the language used in the film. People can
understand the film by watching the motion picture which had been dubbed or by
reading the translation appearing in the form of one or two lines at the bottom of
the screen. In fact there are two main types of film translation, they are known as
dubbing and sub-titling. Gottlieb in Schwarz (2002) explains that with dubbing,
the translation is covert and the audience will only hear the target language (TL)
dialogue. Although the dialogue is spoken, it is not perfect because the lip does
not suit. Even so, the audience can understand and catch the message which is
delivered from SL into TL (Schwarz, 2002).
Unlike the medium for dubbing, the medium to deliver the message in
subtitling is a written TL version of the dialogue which is appearing on the
screen. Although there is no lip-synchronization, there must be some agreement
between the sub-titles, the spoken source language (SL) dialogue, and the
corresponding image (Baker, 1992).
Subtitle transposes spoken dialogue into writing text in the form of one
or two lines at the bottom of the screen (Pettit, 2004). Subtitle is not only used to
transpose language but also to transpose song which is sung in the movie. Many
movies insert song in some scenes, especially animation movies. It can increase
the feeling of the movie and can be an addition to deliver the story and the plot
which happen in the scene.
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Subtitling of song lyrics is beneficial for audiences. They can enjoy the
movie and the song while reading subtitle which appears on the screen. But
sometimes, the translation is not accurate. The researcher had ever watched the
animation movie which is inserted by song in some scenes and the researcher
interested with the song sung by the characters. When the researcher was seeing
the movie, the researcher found the translation which was not accurate. Here is a
lyric of Norma’s song
ST : So many songs but I feel so lonely
Where is the love?
You don’t need too beautiful to turn me on
TT : Ada banyak lagu tapi aku merasa sangat kesepian
Dimanakah cinta?
Kau tak perlu terlalu cantik untuk memikatku
In the example above, the translator translated “beautiful” into “cantik”.
In this scene, the singer is female and she sang to the male penguins, so the
suitable translation should be “tampan”.
From the example above, the researcher considers that to translate lyrics
does not only know the equivalent of the word in TL but also know the situation
(who, where, when, how and why) the song is sung.
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The example above shows that the translation of lyrics in a movie is
interesting to be analyzed. The researcher is interested to analyze song lyrics
translation in movie, especially song lyrics in Happy Feet movie. It is a Box
Office animation movie which contains many songs within. That is why the
researcher takes “An Analysis of Techniques and Quality of Song Lyrics
Translation in Animation Movie Entitled “Happy Feet” as the Thesis.
The researcher tries to observe the techniques used by the translator and
the quality of the translation in terms of accuracy, acceptability and readability.
B. Research Problems
The researcher formulates the problem of the research as follows:
a. What techniques are used by the translator in translating song lyrics in
animation movie entitle “Happy Feet” from original language into Indonesian
language?
b. How is the quality in terms of accuracy, acceptability and readability of the
translation?
C. Research Objectives
There are two objectives in this research, they are:
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1. To find out the techniques used by translator in process of translating song
lyrics in animation movie entitle “Happy Feet” from original version into
Indonesian language.
2. To find out the quality in terms of accuracy, acceptability and readability of
the translation.
D. Research Limitation
This research focuses on analyzing the techniques used by translator and
the quality of the translations in terms of accuracy, acceptability and readability
on song lyrics translation in movie entitle “Happy Feet”.
E. Research Benefits
The researcher expects that this research will be useful for:
1. Subtitler
The researcher expects this research will be useful to other movie translators
especially in translating a movie that contains songs inside. The researcher
also expects this research is valuable for the translator to develop their
knowledge in translating song lyrics in form of subtitle.
2. English Department Students
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The researcher expects this research can improve the skill of English
Department students in translating lyrics and for those who want to dig more
knowledge on song lyrics translation in form of subtitle and also as the
reference on the same research for the tasks or thesis.
3. Other researchers, this research is hoped to be useful as a reference to give
information about movie subtitling and song lyrics subtitling especially for
those who want to conduct further research on song lyrics subtitling.
F. Thesis Organization
The researcher organizes the thesis into five chapters.
Chapter I : INTRODUCTION. It consists of Research Background,
Problem Statement, Research Objectives, Research Limitation,
Research Benefit and Organization of The Research.
Chapter II : LITERATURE REVIEW. It consists of Definition of
Translation, Process of Translation, Problems in Translation,
Quality Assessment of Translation, Translation Techniques,
Description of Movie, Subtitle in The Movie, Definition of Song,
Summary of Happy Feet Movie, and Happy Feet Song.
Chapter III : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. It consists of Research
Methodology, Data and Source of Data, Sample and Sampling
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Technique, Research Procedure, Technique of Collecting Data,
and Technique of Analyzing Data.
Chapter IV : DATA ANALYSIS. It discusses about the research finding and
discussion of the study.
Chapter V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION.
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CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Definition of Translation
The point of translation is the replacement of representation of a text in one
language by a representation of an equivalent text in second language (Bell, 1991:6).
What mean by one language and second language are source language and target
language. If a translator translates English into Indonesia, the source language is
English and the target language is Indonesia.
An explanation by Nida and Taber in their book entitled The Theory and
Practice of Translation, the definition of translation as follows: “Translating consists
in producing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent to the message of
the source language, first in meaning and secondly in style.” (1969:33). Referring to
the state above, the aim of translation is not only transferring the message but also
transferring the expression form from ST into the TT.
In line with Nida & Taber, Simatupang states:
“Menerjemahkan adalah mengalihkan makna yang terdapat dalam bahasa sumber ke dalam bahasa sasaran dan mewujudkannya kembali di dalam bahasa sasaran dengan bentuk-bentuk yang sewajar mungkin menurut aturan-aturan yang berlaku dalam bahasa sasaran” (2000:2).
Bell further explains in his book entitled Translation and Translating Theory
and Practice, “Translation is the expression in another language (or target language)
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of what has been expressed in another, source language, preserving semantic and
stylistic equivalences” (1991:6).
The explanation above explains the importance of transferring the equivalence
of meaning and style. As the result, a translator should maintain the message and also
the style of the source text in target text. For example, if the message in SL is in form
of a poem, the translator should reproduce the message in TL in form of a poem.
Referring to the explanations above, translation is transferring message from
source language to target language by reproducing the meaning in the same style or
form.
B. Process of Translation
The translation process is an activity during a person (the translator)
establishes equivalence between a text, or segments of a text, and another language
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/translation_process). A translator has to be careful in the
process of translation because a mistake in one step will emerge mistake in other step.
There are several steps which have to be taken in translating text. The procedures are:
1) analysis, 2) transferring and 3) restructuring. The illustration by Suryawinata as
follows:
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Source text
MIND PROCESS Transfer
Equivalent 2
Target text
Meaning of
Message
Meaning of
Message
Analysis Restructuring
Understanding Evaluation and Revision
1 3
Quoted from Suryawininata (1987:80) in Nababan (2003:25)
1. Analysis
The translator analyzes the text in terms of linguistic aspect, such as
grammatical, meaning (textual and contextual) and other aspects dealing with
the text such as social cultural meaning. In this phase the translator has to
understand the message of the text.
2. Transfer
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The translator transfers the content and message of source language
into target language. In this phase, the translator should find the right
equivalence for words, phrases, clauses and sentences of the SL into TL.
3. Restructuring
The translator restructures the draft of translation to make the final
translation so that it contains accurate message and fully acceptable in the
receptor language. Nida and Taber (1969) states “Restructuring in the
transferred material is restructured in order to make final message is fully
acceptable in the receptor language”.
C. Problems in translation
A good translator must be able to understand the SL entirely and then
transfer it to TL. To produce a good translation product, a translator must
concern about linguistic meaning, style, form, and grammar equivalence. A
translator may encounter problems when he/she translates a certain text. The
most problem of translation is that the message of ST must be transferred
equivalently to TL as well as its style.
The difficulties emerge in translating are often caused by several factors
likes difference system of source language with target language system,
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translator ability level difference and source language article quality level
(Nababan, 1999:55).
1. Difference system of SL with TL system
Each language has its own system. System in one language may
different with others, from the smallest word unit up to sentence unit, in terms
of grammatical, phonological and semantic. Indonesian nominal sentence does
not always use to be, for examples:
1. Mahasiswa yang berbaju merah itu rajin sekali
2. Dia adik saya
3. Bahasa adalah alat komunikasi
While in English grammatical system, to be (verb) is a must in nominal
sentence as the predicate, for examples:
1. The student in red is very diligent
2. He is my brother
(taken from Nababan, 1999: 55-56)
2. The semantics and stylistics complexity
Semantic complexity has a strong relation to the socio-cultural
background of the speaker’s language. It is the most complex problem to the
translator in translating a text. Nababan states:
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“Perbedaan bahasa dan budaya – pada hakekatnya bahasa adalah juga budaya – ini akan menimbulkan permasalahan yang sangat rumit bagi seorang penerjemah terutama jika dia tidak akrab dengan budaya bahasa sumber dan bahasa sasaran” (1999:58).
Stylistic complexity is one of the causal factors as problems in
translation. The translator should be able to express the same style in the TL
although every text has different style. Literary text like poem, prose, and
drama will be expressed by a certain style and it is different from expressing
scientific text because both SL and TL have different cultural background and
system.
3. The translator’s competence
A translator is the main actor in translation process, hence
translator’s competence will determine the translation product. If he/she has
comprehensive competence (grammatical competence, sociolinguistic
competence, discourse competence, strategic competence and transfer
competence) in translation, the problems emerged in translation can be solved
easily. On the contrary, beginner translator who has limited competence will
face various problems. The quality of the translation will also be worse than a
professional translator.
4. The quality of the SL text
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The low quality of the source text will be a problem for the translator
because content or message of source language will be difficult to catch. The
examples of low quality of SL text are it contains grammatical error,
ambiguous sentence and spelling error.
D. Quality Assessment of Translation
A good translation has to transfer message from source language to
target language. The readers sometimes only read a translation text regardless of
text translation quality. The quality of translation is appreciable. Assessment
towards translation focuses in three things namely accuracy, acceptability and
readability. Assessing of translation quality is involved in translation criticism.
Not everybody can assess a translation. The most justifiably person to
assess a translation is other translator. A translation critic must fulfill some
criteria such as a translator must fully understand the sense and the meaning of
source text language, understand linguistic perception of SL and TL, familiar
with esthetical context and culture both of SL and TL, a translator should have a
perfect knowledge of both SL and TL (Schutle in Nababan, 1999:83)
Critic of a translation aims to know the strength and weakness of the
translation. Newmark (1988) explains that by the translation assessment, a
translation can improve the capability in translation because he/she will learn
from the mistakes in the previous translation and revise them in the next
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translation. Secondly, a translator will enlarge the knowledge about the source
language and target language that he/she will learn more about both languages to
make an acceptable translation in TL without leaving the norms of the SL.
Thirdly, an assessment of translation will finally formulate a guideline to decide
whether a translation is good or not.
Assessment of translation focuses in three things. They are accuracy,
acceptability and readability.
1. Accuracy
Accuracy is one of the factors which determine the quality of
translation. It deals with the transfer of content or message of source language
into target language. An accurate translation is the translation which is
transferred the message correctly into target text as well as its sense. Finlay
(1971:2) in his book entitled Teach Translation = Book Translation states that
“Normally, it is universally accepted that any translation worthy of the name
must reproduce the full sense of the original, omitting nothing and adding
nothing…..”
In line with Finlay, Simatupang states that “Dalam mengalihkan
makna dari bahasa atau teks sumber ke dalam bahasa atau teks sasaran harus
xxviii
dijaga agar tidak ada yang hilang dan tidak ada yang ditambah atau berubah”
(2000:131).
Accuracy assessment can be seen from how far the message from
source language can be conveyed to target language, is there any message that
is added or omitted. If the translation does not convey entire messages from
source language into target language it means that the translation is less
accurate and if the translation does not convey the message intended by the
writer of the text source, it means that the translation is inaccurate.
2. Acceptability
Acceptability covers the natural feeling of the text as an original of
the target reader. It deals with the target language system and its culture.
Shuttleworth and Cowie (in Ningrum, 2007) states, “Translation which lean
toward acceptability can thus be thought of as fulfilling the requirement of
‘reading as an original’ written in the TL rather than that of ‘reading as the
original’, and consequently generally have a more natural ‘feel” (1980:2).
The meaning that is transferred to target text must be delivered as
natural as of target language according its norms (Simatupang, 2000:131).
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Moreover Toury (1995) states, “A translation belongs primarily to the target
literary system. Every translation occupies a position between the two poles of
adequacy or adherence to the norms (both linguistic and textual) of the source
system and acceptability or adherence of those of the target system.
Acceptability always deals with its natural in target language. Natural
in target language must be carried on so that the readers of translation result
do not realize that they are reading a translation. As stated by Finlay, “Ideally,
the translation should give the sense of the original in such a way that the
reader is unaware that he is reading a translation” (1971:2).
To produce an acceptable translation which sounds natural, a
translator should apply appropriate technique. Dewi states that to make a
translation sounds natural, a translator may in some extent reconstruct, adapt
or even rewrite whatever stated in the source text, not only translate it (in
Budiharjo, 2007). Thus, to produce acceptable translations, a translator must
express the transferred message in natural expressions in target language.
(Budiharjo, 2007:17).
As defined, we can conclude that a translation is considered to be
acceptable if the translation fulfills the requirement of natural and reading as
an original.
3. Readability
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A translation is produced to be read by the target readers. According
to Richards et al, readability refers to how easily written materials can be read
and understood (in Nababan, 1999:62). Readability is important in translation
because translation cannot be separated from reading activity.
Readability influences the readers understanding of translation
message, therefore the translator should consider this aspect in translating a
text. A text which is easier to read and to understand is a good text translation.
According to Richard et al (in Nababan, 1999:63), there are three
factors influencing the readability of a text. First, is the average length of
sentences is a passage. Second is the number of new words a passage
contains. The last is the grammatical complexity of the language used.
Meanwhile, Nababan states there are four main factors influencing the
readability of a text. First, the diction used in a text. The second one is related
to sentences which a translator writes. The next factor is how the translator
arranges the idea of his or her translation. The last factor includes other factors
which have been mentioned. They are (1) the content of a text, (2) the
appearance of a text and (3) the ability of both the translator and the reader
(Nababan, 1999: 64-78).
F. Translation Technique
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Translation technique is the way of a translator to translate the text from
source language to target language. A translator in the process of translating
should apply translation technique to produce a good translation, the perception
of translation as the final product of the translated text in relation to the source
text. The translated text can provide a comparably incomplete and misleading
assumption about the process of translation. For example ignoring and
eliminating both problems and successful technique of the translation. Newmark
(1988: 81) states “Translation techniques are used for sentences and the smaller
units of language”.
Translation techniques that can be used in translation are below:
1. Addition
This technique used by adding some words in order to make the
translation clearer.
Suryawinata and Hariyanto say:
“Penambahan ini dilakukan karena petimbangan kejelasan makna. Disini penerjemah memasukkan informasi tambahan di dalam teks terjemahannya karena ia berpendapat bahwa pembaca memang memerlukannya.” (2003:74)
Example:
ST: Answering the call, he opens the door.
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TT: Sambil menjawab telepon, dia membuka pintu.
The example above shows that the gerund “answering” in source
language is transferred into different way in target language, by adding the
connector “sambil” in target language to adjust the target language structure.
2. Reduction or deletion
Reduction means the translator take away a structural element in the
target language. According to Suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003:75), this
technique is employed by omitting words of source language text in the target
language text. The omitting or deletion does not change the message of the
source text. It is applied when the translator thinks the omitting does not
change the meaning and to adjust the translation in the target language.
Example:
ST : Her husband is an engineer.
TT : Suaminya insinyur. (Suryawinata et al, 2003:68)
From the example above, it shows that words “is an” do not translated
into target language. However, the message or meaning does not change. It is
still clear in target language.
3. Translation Shift
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This technique is used in order to overcome the different language
system between source language and target language. This concept of
technique is about grammatical rank at which translation equivalence is
established. Catford divides three types of translation shift, they are structural
shift, class shift (is similar to category shift), and unit shift (is similar to level
shift; is similar to rank shift)
a. Structural shifts
This type involves a grammatical change between the structure of the
source text and the target text. Catford (1965:77) states that this shift, in
grammar, can occur at all rank; at group rank and at clause rank.
Example:
SL : Green shirt
TL : Kaos hijau
The example of SL is a noun phrase and the structure is modifier
(green) and head (shirt), whereas the TL noun phrase structure is head
(kaos) and modifier (hijau). The example above shows the structural shift
at the group rank. The structure of English noun phrase will automatically
change as it shown in the example above, if it is translated into Indonesian.
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Example:
SL : He took that stone
S F/P C
TL : Batu itu diambilnya
C P S
From the example above, the syntactic function of the SL clause is:
‘he’ as subject (S), ‘took’ as finite/predicator (F/P), ‘that stone’ as
complement (C). Meanwhile, in TL there are some changes. The TL clause
syntactic function is: ‘batu itu’ as subject, ‘diambil’ as predicator, ‘-nya’ as
complement. In SL, the position of the word ‘he’ is as subject. The word
‘he’ is replaced by the word ‘–nya’ in TL and it has position as
complement. In SL, the position of the phrase ‘that stone’ is complement.
Meanwhile, the phrase changes into the phrase ‘batu itu’ in TL and it has
position as subject (S). The syntactic function of the SL clause is S-F/P-C,
whereas the syntactic function of the TL clause is C-P-S. The example
above shows the structural shift at clause rank.
b. Class shifts (is similar to category shifts)
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Translation shift is called class shift when a source language item is
translated with a target language item which belongs to different
grammatical class. As stated by Catford (1965:78) that class shift occurs
when the translation equivalent of a SL item is a member of a different
class from the original item.
Example:
SL : He’s in danger
TL : Dia dalam keadaan bahaya
(taken from Simatupang, 2000: 91)
The word danger in the SL has syntactic category as a noun. And it
translated/changes into bahaya in the TL. The word bahaya syntactic
category is an adjective. From the example, it can be concluded that there
is a class shift from noun into adjective.
c. Unit shifts (is similar to level shifts; is similar to rank shifts)
This type of translation shift involves change in rank. As stated by
Catford (1965:79) that unit shift occurs when the translation equivalent of a
unit at one rank in the SL is a member of a different rank in the TL.
Example:
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SL : He walks slowly
TL : Dia berjalan dengan pelan
From the example, it can be seen that the adverb slowly in the SL is
replaced by the prepositional phrase dengan pelan in the TL. There is a unit
shift from word (slowly) into phrase (dengan pelan).
4. Borrowing
Borrowing is done by having a loan of the original word of source text
and put that word in the target language text. As state by Suryawinata and
Hariyanto (2003:70), this technique is applied by taking the original term of
source language into the target language. It is employed for the word or phrase
related to the name of person, places, magazines, journals, titles, institutions,
and scientific terms (Suryawinata et al, 2003: 71). This technique is used
when there is no equivalent meaning of certain word in the target language or
it is done to show appreciation toward certain word.
Example:
SL : The skin consists of two main regions: the epidermis and the dermis. The
epidermis is the outer layer and consists chiefly of dead, dry, flattened
cells which rub off from time to time. More cells are produced from the
layers of living cells at the bottom of the epidermis. The dermis is the
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deeper layer and consists of living cells of connective tissue, the lowest
layer being the cells which contain stored fat.
TL : Kulit terdiri dari dua bagian: epidermis dan dermis. Epidermis adalah
lapisan luar dan terutama terdiri dari sel-sel pipih yang telah kering dan
mati, yang selalu mengelupas. Banyak se diproduksi dari lapidan sel
hidup yang berada di dasar bagian epidermis. Bagian dermis adalah
lapisan dalam dan terdiri dari sel-sel hidup yang membentuk jaringan
penghubung, dan lapisan yang terdalam adalah sel-sel yang
mengandung simpanan lemak.
(taken from Suryawinata et al, 2003: 71-72)
The example above shows that word epidermis and dermis are
borrowed from the source language. It is used in the target text without any
changes. However, these biological terms meaning are not change.
5. Naturalization
This technique succeeds transference and adapts the source language
word, first to the normal pronunciation, then to the normal morphology of the
target language (Newmark, 1988:82). Suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003:71)
state that naturalization is the technique of borrowing in which the source
language is adjusted to grammatical pattern of target language.
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Example:
SL : The president has the power to make treaties with other nations, with the
advice and consent of two-thirds of the Senate.
TL : Presiden memiliki kekuasaan untuk membuat perjanjian dengan Negara
lain atas saran dan persetujuan dari dua per tiga anggota Senat.
From the example, the words president and senate in SL is borrowed
into TL text and naturalized by making adjustment of grammatical pattern.
6. Synonym
This technique is used for a source language word where there is no
clear one to one equivalent, and the word is not important in the text.
(Newmark, 1988:84)
Example:
SL : What a cute baby you’ve got.
TL : Alangkah lucunya bayi anda.
(taken from Suryawinata et al,2003: 73)
7. Reduction and Expansion
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Reduction means to reduce the component of source language terms
(Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:74). For example, the word “automobile” is
transferred as “mobil” in Indonesian. The translation is reduction because the
component “auto” in “automobile” is reduced in the target language.
Expansion means to expand the component of target language terms
(Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:74). For example, the word “whale” is
transferred as “ikan paus” in Indonesian.
8. Modulation
This technique is many used to translate text in phrase, clause and
sentence rank. The translator looks the message of source language from
different aspect or different main set. This technique is usually used when
literal translation doesn’t produce natural and acceptable translation.
Vinay and Darbelnet in Newmark (1988:88) defines modulation as a
variation through a change of viewpoint, of perspective and very often of
category of thought. Suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003: 75-76) states that this
technique is employed when literal translation does not result a natural
translation.
Example:
ST: I broke my leg
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TT: kakiku patah
9. Free translation
This technique of translation focuses on the message of source
language. The translator is free to translate the text by his own words without
changing the idea and the message from source language into target language.
Catford states that “A free translation is always unbounded –
equivalences shunt up and down the rank scale, but tend to be at the higher
rank – sometimes between larger units than the sentence” (1965:25).
The translator must understand the entire message from source text
then translates it freely by his own words without changing the idea in the
source language text. The translator may change a word into phrase, phrase
into clause or etc. idiomatic terms and maxim usually use this type of
translation.
Example: SL: be my guest
TL: silakan!
The example above is a free translation. It is proved by the word
silakan as the result of the form change. The conception of Englishman who
hear or read this sentence will be same with Indonesian who hear or read
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silakan. By considering the meaning and the naturality of word, the translator
translates be my guest into silakan not jadilah tamu saya.
The example shows that this type of translation gives highest point to
the equivalence of meaning rather than the form.
10. Literal translation
This type of translation is used by the translator to transfers the
message of source language into target language by maintaining its original
form in source language. The translator translates using word-for-word
translation and then makes some adjustment such as inserting additional
words, changing structure at any rank, giving expansions or reductions of
some parts in conformity with grammatical system of target language.
Catford states as follow:
Literal translation lies between these extremes; it may start, as it were, from a word – for – word translation, but make changes in conformity with the TL grammar (i.e. inserting additional words, changing structure at any rank, etc); this may make it a group-group or clause-clause translation. (1965:25)
Example: SL: good time
TL: waktu yang bagus
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In this translation, the translator firstly translates it word-for-word
and then makes some adjustments in the implementation. Considering target
language grammatical system, the translator placed adjective after noun and
makes addition to make it more natural in target language.
G. Description of Movie
Motion Picture is a series of images that are projected onto a screen to
create the illusion of motion (Tanis, 2006). Motion pictures also called movies,
films, the cinema, the silver screen, moving pictures, photoplays, picture shows
and flicks. It is one of the most popular forms of entertainment, enabling people
to immerse themselves in an imaginary world for a short period of time. As states
by Tanis (2006) that movies can teach people about history, science, human
behavior, and many other subjects. Some films combine entertainment with
instruction, to make the learning process more enjoyable. In all its forms, cinema
is an art as well as a business, and those who make motion pictures take great
pride in their creations.
Motion picture is all individual photographs. But when they appear
rapidly in succession, the human eye does not detect that they are separate
images. Today, many motion pictures are still recorded using specially designed
cameras and capture the images on roll film. A motion picture passes some
xliii
process before played in theater such as shot, processed, edited, enhanced with
special effects, mixed, and printed.
There are many types of motion pictures as explained in Microsoft
Encarta Student DVD 2009. It can be divided as follows: feature films, animated
films, documentaries, experimental films, industrial films, and educational films.
Feature films are the movies most commonly shown in large movie theaters.
Animated movies follow the same format as features, but use images
created by artists. These films create the illusion of movement from a series of
two-dimensional drawings, three-dimensional objects, or computer-generated
images (Tanis, 2006). For example are Beauty and the beast, The Lion King and
the film of this research Happy Feet are included in this type.
Different with other, the third type of motion picture, documentary is
not a fiction but a fact, Documentaries do not often appear in theaters, but they
are seen regularly on cable and broadcast television.
An experimental film is a sequence of images, literal or abstract, which
do not necessarily form a narrative. An experimental film can be animated, live
action, computer generated, or a combination of all three.
Industrial films are made by companies that wish to publicize their
products or generate a favorable public image. Educational films are specifically
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intended to be shown in classrooms. Their aim is to instruct, on subjects from
history to driving skills.
H. Subtitling In the Movie
A film consists of image and sound (dialogue and music). Dialogue is to
communicate thoughts and senses of the actors/characters. There are two types of
translation for movie: (1) subtitle and (2) dubbing. Subtitle is a printed
translation of the dialogue in a foreign language movie, usually appearing at the
bottom of the screen. (Encarta Dictionary), while dubbing is the replacement of
the original soundtrack by the dubbers, as Finlay defines “the dubbing is the
replacement of the original soundtrack by a new one in another language” (1971:
82). Alireza Ameri (2007: online) states that dubbing of foreign films and TV
series into other language is subject to a number of linguistic, cultural and
political constraints (http://translationjournal.net/journal/42screenplay.htm).
Many movies use subtitle because it is more efficient rather than
dubbing. Dubbing has many weakness such as it takes longer process, the
original dialog is lost, pretends to be a domestic product, and some of the dialog
overlapping cases. While subtitle has some point plus such as it is cheap, it
respects the original integrity of the original dialog, reasonably quick, quality of
original actors' voices, it can promotes the learning of foreign languages, and it
does not allow the overlapping of dialog (Alireza Ameri, 2007: online)
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In a film, the audiences may want to hear the real voices of their favorite
actors, and they also willing to understand the speech. It can do with subtitles.
Subtitling is needed when the audiences do not speak in the language used in the
dialogue in the movie, through subtitle they can catch and understand dialogue in
film. In this case the translator is demanded to be able to produce good
translation to comprehend the audiences.
In movie translation, besides reading the written script, the translator has
to watch the scene in order to produce the appropriate speech rhythm and
situation. It is different when translating movie because the translator should
consider the text box appropriate in the screen.
Several important factors in translating movie (1) timing, syllables and
breath group, (2) synchronization of consonants and vowels with obvious lip
movements by the actors, (3) words appropriate to the gestures, (4) the
characteristics differences of dialect in the various actors and (5) timing of humor
or expressions which produce special responses from other actors (Nida, 1964:
177).
According to Alireza Ameri (2007: online) There are some rule in
doing subtitle:
1. A maximum of two lines of horizontal subtitles at a time
2. A maximum of 35 characters for each line
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3. An average of 70 characters in two lines for a duration of about 6 seconds
4. The size of a subtitle is 1/12 of the total screen height
5. The subtitle projection has to be synchronized with the actual dialog and
removed when the actors stop speaking.
6. There has to be some time lag between subtitle projections.
7. A subtitle should not run over a cut or change of scene.
8. Recommended Typefaces are "Helvetica" and "Arial".
9. Type characters should be colored pale white (not snow bright) because a too
flashy pigment would tire the viewers' eye.
10. Sequence Dots {...} are used hen a subtitle sentence is not finished on one
flash and has to continue on a consecutive one.
11. Italics or quotation marks are used for Off-Screen (O.S.) voices, radio or TV
or loudspeaker, an inner thought, phone calls and narration.
12. Subtitles are usually placed at the bottom of the screen to guarantee minimum
pollution of the central image. They should be placed in a different area when
the background does not allow its reading or, alternatively, be superimposed
on a dark-colored box that will contrast with the written message and favour
its reading. Using a font which ensures their clear visibility and easy legibility
whilst distracting as little as possible from the picture.
I. Definition of song
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The word song refers to pieces of music that have words (Griffe,
1995:2). Further, song is short lyric or narrative text set to music. The music
often reproduces the mood of and lends a heightened emotional expression to the
song's text, which is often a poem. In modern usage, the term song is usually
restricted to compositions for one or two voices, frequently with instrumental
accompaniment (Vinton, 2008).
Song has melody and it is linguistically meaningful. Song has
resemblance with poetry, one type of the great literatures. Both songs and poetry
use words to convey meaning, both are usually written down before publication,
both can be put to music and both can be listened to. For examples are poetry
reading for poem and concert for songs.
Nevertheless, songs have their own identity and they function
differently from speech or poetry. According to Griffe (1995:3-4) it is possible to
note at least three features of songs:
1. Songs convey a lower amount of information than poetry. Even though poetry
can be heard, we usually read it, which permits longer and denser information.
2. Songs have more redundancy than poetry. Songs achieve redundancy by
devices such as the borrowing of lines from other songs, proverb,
catchphrases and cliché as well as alliteration. It is this high degree of
redundancy that makes songs sound so simple, especially when compared to
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the complexity and subtlety of poetry. The simplicity of songs is not,
however, a weak point. Because a song is heard for a short time, simplicity,
redundancy and a certain ‘expectedness’ contribute to our understanding
3. Songs have a personal quality that makes the listener react as if the song were
being sung for the listener personally. We are joined through the direct quality
of the song words (unlike a movie actor in a film, talking to another actor) to
the singer and through the singer to others in the audience even if we are at
home rather than at a concert. Thus songs have a socially unifying feature for
the selected audience. Songs create their own world of feeling and emotion,
and as we participate in the song, we participate in the world it creates.
J. Summary of “Happy Feet” Movie
Happy Feet is an animated film that goes beyond the laughs to bring up
many serious issues such as learning to be happy with whom you are, social
exclusion, self-expression and protecting animals and their habitats
(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_feet). Set in Antarctica, this Warner Bros. movie
depicts a colony of Emperor penguins who find their soul mates through song.
Memphis and Norma Jean, two of the Emperor nation inhabitants, fall in love
and then they have a baby named Mumble. Unfortunately, Mumble can not sing
like others baby penguins. Despite his inability to sing, Mumble has a unique
ability, he can tap dance! His dancing makes him an outsider among his Emperor
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peers, but Mumble makes dancing friends in a neighboring Adelie penguin
community.
As Mumble and his friends share their dancing skills with the Emperor
penguins, the Elder penguins in charge of the colony are convinced that
Mumble’s “happy feet” are dangerous and responsible for the fish scarcity in
their region. Feeling like an outcast, Mumble embarks on a journey with his
Adelie friends to find out the truth about the disappearing fish. During this
adventure, Mumble realizes that his “happy feet” have the ability to save himself
and his community of Emperor penguins from going hungry.
Finally he can cross Antarctic pole and land at America. After found
drift ashore, he resides in zoo. There, he tries to nudge human heart to help
penguin to get the fish back. The struggle is not in vain. Human can be pulled the
attention with his "happy feet". Finally human realizes that large scale
exploitation at Antarctic causes penguin hunger and they decide to restrictions
fish catching on a large scale at Antarctic. Now mumble go home to the
homeland as a hero. Entire penguins get him return and he found his true love,
Gloria.
K. Happy Feet Songs
The movie Happy Feet is filled with music, each penguin has his/her
own song that shows their identity. These “heartsongs” are developed throughout
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their whole lives in order to prepare for finding their soul mates, the person who
they will fall in love with (http://www.movietome.com/movie/313490/happy-
feet/forums/show_msgs.php?topic_id=927). The baby Emperor penguins even go
to school to learn how to find their heartsong. That is why being able to sing is so
important to the Emperor penguins.
The heartsongs are used mainly to express a very important emotion for
both animals and humans love. Everyone wants to feel loved and appreciated for
who they are. These songs are all supposed to come from deep inside the heart.
All of the songs in the movie represent many different genres of music and they
come from different time periods
(www2.warnerbros.com/happyfeet/pdf/find_your_heartsong). When Mumble
meets his Adelie friends, there are many songs with a Spanish or Latino
influence, as a way of showing that these penguins have a different culture from
the Emperor penguins who sing mostly American or British music.
There are some varieties of heartsong in Happy Feet movie which shows
that music can communicate many different things to others. Certain songs touch
people very strongly. There are various parts to any given song, some songs are
meant to express emotions such as happiness, love, sadness or anger, while other
songs send out a message through the use of the lyrics because songs are made
out of a combination of voices, instruments, the beat, the lyrics, and the tone of
the singer’s voice (www2.warnerbros.com/happyfeet/pdf/find_your_heartsong).
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the researcher would like to present the research methodology.
It covers the type of research, the data source, samples and the sampling technique,
method of data collection, technique data analysis and research procedure.
A. Type of Research
The researcher employed a descriptive qualitative method in doing this
research. It means that the researcher conducted an investigation by analyzing the
selected data and did not propose any hypothesis. According to Mason and Bramble,
descriptive qualitative research describes situations, events, or phenomena (2000:38).
Based on the explanation above, the researcher only conducted this research
by collecting, arranging, and analyzing the data. The researcher then drew conclusion
based on interpretation after doing an investigation of analyzing data.
The data in this research are the song lyrics in “Happy Feet” movie. The data
were observed to find out the techniques used by the translator. Besides, this research
was also aimed to identify the accuracy, readability and acceptability aspects of the
translation.
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B. Data and Source of Data
According Fraenkel, “Data source is the kinds of information researchers
obtain on the subjects of their research” (2000:127). There are two kinds of data
which are used in this research. They are primary data and secondary data. The
primary data are all songs lyric in the Happy Feet movie and its Indonesian
translation. The ST data were taken from the script of the movie while TT were taken
from the subtitle of this movie in VCD original version issued by Warner Bross
Picture and distributed by Vision Home Entertainment in Indonesia. The VCD was
published at 20 February 2007 with No. STLS: 700 / VCD / R / 02.2008 / 2007.
The secondary data are scores collected from the informants assessing the
quality of the translation. There are two groups of informant. The first group
comprised raters. The raters assessed the quality of the translation in terms of
accuracy and acceptability. The second group consists of three respondents. The
respondents assessed the readability of the translation. To collect data from the
informants, the researcher distributed questionnaires to both of groups.
The researcher used Happy Feet the movie as the data source based on the
following considerations:
1. The movie is a box office movie which is produced by a big production,
Warner Bros Picture, so this movie is well known by people.
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2. It is a musical animation movie so it contains many songs which are sung by
not only one character but many characters so it is interesting to find out the
different lyrics from one character with others.
3. The songs in this movie contain story and help the audiences to follow the
plot of the story so the songs have important role to create the soul of the
movie.
C. Sample and Sampling Technique
The choosing of sample and sampling technique is necessary for the
researcher after describing about related theories. In this research, the researcher used
purposive sampling in determining the source of main data and informants. The
selection data was based on prior identified criteria to meet the objectives of the
research. The data are all song lyrics of “Happy Feet” movie.
Criteria for rater in this research are following:
1. Mastering English and Indonesian languages
2. Having competency and experience as a translator
3. Having adequate knowledge about translation
4. Willing to take part in the research
Criteria for correspondent in this research are following:
1. Mastering Indonesian language
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2. Teenage (15-19 years old)
This movie is about love, personal identity and environment (bad
effect of global warming). Teenage is the most audience for this
movie.
3. Willing to take part in the research
D. Method of Data Collection
The researcher carried out the following method to collecting the data:
1. Content Analysis
The researcher in carrying content analysis followed the following steps:
a. Replaying the movie entitle “Happy Feet”.
b. Reading the original script of the movie and its Indonesian subtitle.
c. Comparing both original script of song lyrics and its translation.
d. Taking the data from the source data and its translation.
e. Analyzing techniques used by the translator to render the song lyrics into
Indonesian.
2. Questionnaire
In this research there are two types of questionnaire: (1) closed format and (2)
open format. The closed format is in the form of scaled questionnaire, used to assess
the translation’s accuracy, acceptability and readability. The researcher distributed
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questionnaire containing scale for the translation’s accuracy and acceptability to the
raters.
The scales for accuracy are following:
Scale Description
4 Accurate, the content of the original lyric is accurately conveyed. The
message from source language is conveyed into target language
accurately.
3 Less accurate, the content of the original lyric is conveyed well. The
message from source language is not delivered into target text well.
2 Inaccurate if the content of the original lyric is not conveyed
accurately at all. There are shifts of meaning.
1 Very inaccurate, if the lyric is not translated as the result the message
is not conveyed to target language.
The scales for acceptability are bellow:
Scale Description
3 Acceptable, if the translation has natural of form of the target text.
The lyric sounds natural and almost does not feel like a translation.
There are no problem with the grammar.
2 Less acceptable, if the translation sounds clumsy. It contains a few of
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grammatical error.
1 Unacceptable, if the translation sounds like a translation and
extremely clumsy in target language.
The researcher distributed questionnaire containing scale for the translation’s
readability to the respondents. The scale for readability is following:
Scale Description
4 Readable, if the song lyric translation is easy to understand. It is
understanable after the first reading.
3 Less readable, if the song lyric translation is less easy to understand. It
is understanable after reading the text twice.
2 Unreadable, if the song lyric translation is difficult to understand. It is
understanable after read many times.
1 Very unreadable, if the song lyric translation can not be understood,
the reader can not understand although it has been read many times.
The open format questionnaire is in the form of columns for the informants’
comments. Both raters and respondents can add comments in the columns which are
provided.
E. Technique data analysis
The data which had been collected were analyzed in the following ways:
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1. Collecting the data in terms the lyrics of song and its translation in Indonesian.
2. Determining the translation techniques used by the translator to render the lyrics.
3. Gathering and classifying data according to the appropriateness of the translation
text to the source language.
4. Drawing conclusions and giving some recommendations.
F. Research Procedure
The procedures in the research are follows:
1. Collecting the data in the form of lyrics from original script and its translation
2. The data were classified according to how the lyrics are translated into Indonesian
3. The data were coded in order to make the data classification and the data analysis
easy to understand
4. The data were analyzed based on problem statements
5. The researcher drew some conclusions and provided some suggestions.
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CHAPTER IV
DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
A. INTRODUCTION
This research aims to analyze the technique used by the translator in
translating song lyrics of Happy Feet movie and to assess the quality of the
translation in terms of accuracy, acceptability and readability. This chapter presents
and analyses the data to investigate the technique and quality of the translation. This
chapter consists of three parts. First is the introduction, second is analysis of the data
and the third is discussion.
There are two main questions that have to be answered as the aims of
conducting this research. As have been explained in the chapter I, these two main
questions are:
a. What technique used by the translator in translating song lyrics on
animation movie entitle “Happy Feet” from original language into
Indonesian language?
b. How is the quality in terms of accuracy, acceptability and readability
of the translation?
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The analysis of technique used by the translator will be discussed first, then
followed by the discussion of the result of quality assessment from respondents and
the latest is discussion.
G. ANALYSIS
1. Translation Techniques
The first analysis of this research is analyzing whole data in both source text
and target text. After analyzing it, the researcher finds some techniques used by the
translator in translating the lyrics from source language into target language.
1.1 Addition
Addition is applied by adding words or additional information in target
language in order to make the translation clearer (Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:
74). This technique shows one of translator’s efforts to make the translation easy to
understand by the target reader.
Example 1:
ST: I only have eyes
TT: Aku hanya punya sepasang mata (Datum no. 4)
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From the example above, it can be seen that the translator adds a word
“sepasang” into the translation. The translator adds the word “sepasang” in
translating “eyes” in order to make the translation clearer. In addition, the translation
is more acceptable in target language. Lexically the word “eye” is equivalent to
“mata”. Suffix –s in English language means plural. Lexically “eyes” should be
translated into “banyak mata”. In order to make the translation more acceptable in
target language, the translator adds a word “sepasang”. The translator also considers
the lyric form of source. By adding the word “sepasang”, the style of lyric in the
translation can be maintained.
Example 2:
ST: Midnight creeps so slowly
TT: Malam merayap dengan perlahan
ST: into hearts of those
TT: merasuk kedalam hati mereka (Datum no. 49)
In this example, the addition can be seen clearly. The translator adds the
word “merasuk” into the translation. The translator might consider the previous lyric
in using addition to the translation. The previous lyric is “midnight creeps so slowly”
then continued by this lyric.
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Literally, “into hearts of those” can be translated into “kedalam hati
mereka”. But the translator might consider the form of lyric and to make it has deeper
impression to the reader, the translator decides to add “merasuk” as an addition. This
technique is applied by the translator in order to maintain the form of lyric which can
create deep feeling and deep emotion to the reader.
The number of data belongs to this technique are listed below:
Technique Data number Total data Addition 004, 010, 013, 049,
050, 056, 059, 062, 070, 097, 114, 121, 125, 131, 144, 145
16
1.2 Reduction or Deletion
Reduction is applied by omitting words of source language text in the target
language text. This technique can be applied as long as it does not change the
message of source text (Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:75). It means that the
contents of source language do not have significant change in target language.
Example 1:
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ST: oh I try and I try and I try
TT: oh aku mencoba dan mencoba dan mencoba (Datum no. 71)
The example above belongs to this technique. It can be seen that the
translator delete word “I”. As the repetition, translator might consider to subtract the
repetition of subject to make it more effective in target language. In addition, the
translator also considers the rhythm of the lyric when it is sung. The contents of
source text are still maintained and do not be changed in target language.
Example 2:
ST: Well, since my baby left me,
TT: Sejak kekasihku meninggalkanku (Datum no. 33)
In this example, it can be seen that the translator omitted a word of source
text. The translator does not translate “well” into target text. He might consider that it
is not important and the deletion will not affect the meaning and message of the lyric
significantly.
However, some deletions applied by the translator are not conveyed the
messages from source text. The translator does not translate 17 data of the source
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text. It means that the translator delete it and does not deliver the message to target
language.
Example:
ST: Looking back on when I (Datum 155)
ST: Was a little nappy-headed boy (Datum 156)
ST: It’s like a jungle sometimes (Datum 157)
ST: It makes me wonder (Datum
158)
ST: How I keep from going under (Datum 159)
In the example above, the translator does not translate them. The source texts
are containing messages that have to be translated to target language. Since they are
part of the whole lyrics, the translator should translate them. However, the translator
might consider that these lyrics are sung in the end of the movie so he decides to not
translate them. The deletion of messages makes the translation is very inaccurate.
The list of data using this technique can be seen in the table below:
Technique Data number Total data Reduction or deletion 001, 003, 008, 009,
011, 012, 015, 016, 017, 023, 027, 031, 033, 037, 039, 042, 048, 053, 071, 073,
55
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077, 078, 088, 092, 093, 094, 096, 099, 102, 106, 115, 117, 124, 127, 135, 136, 148, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167,
169, 171, 172
1.3 Translation Shift
There are five types of translation shift found in this research. They are
structural shift from modifier-head to head-modifier, class shift from adjective into
adverb, class shift from noun to adverb, class shift from verb into adjective, and unit
shift from phrase into word.
a. Structural Shift from Modifier – Head into Head – Modifier
The English language system is different from Indonesian one. That is why
this technique is used by the translator to make an adjustment to the translation to
make it more acceptable in target language.
Example 1:
ST: It’s down at the end of Lonely Street
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TT: Terletak di ujung jalan kesepian (Datum no. 035)
The example above shows that the noun phrase is translated using structural
shift modifier-head into head-modifier. In the ST, “Street” is head and “Lonely” as
the modifier. The modifier is put before the head (modifier-head system). While in
the translation, “jalan” as the head and “kesepian” as the modifier, head is put in
front of modifier. Indonesian grammar system rule uses head-modifier system so that
the translator should apply this adjustment.
Example 2:
ST: At Hearhbreak Hotel
TT: pada hotel patah hati (Datum no. 036)
The example above shows the change from modifier-head into head-
modifier. In the ST the head is “Hotel”. It is put after “hearthbreak”, the modifier.
While in the target text, “hotel” as head is put in front of modifier. This change is
used by the translator since Indonesian language system uses head-modifier system.
The list of data using this technique can be seen in the table below:
Technique Data number Total data Structural shift
Modifier-Head to Head-Modifier
035, 036 2
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b. Class Shift from Adjective into Adverb
Class shift from verb into adjective occurs when the translation equivalent of
a SL item is a member of a different class from the original item (Catford, 1965:78).
In this case the class shift is from adjective into adverb.
Example 1:
ST: Don’t push me
TT: Jangan dorong aku
ST: ‘Cause I am close to the edge
TT: Karena aku sudah di pinggir (Datum no 46)
From the example above, the ST is “Cause I am close to the edge”. It is
translated into “Karena aku sudah di pinggir” in TL. The word “close” in ST is
replaced by “sudah” in TL. The word “close” syntactic category is an adjective.
Meanwhile, the word “sudah” syntactic category is adverb. It shows the class shift
from adjective into adverb.
Example 2:
ST: I’ll make love to you
TT: Aku akan bermain denganmu
ST: Like you want me to
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TT: Saat kau menginginkanku (Datum no 101)
The example above shows the change from adjective into adverb. In the ST,
“like" is an adjective, and it is translated into "saat” which is adverb class. The
translator could translate “like” into “seperti”, but he might consider the impression
of the translation so he translates “like” into “saat”. The choice of word “saat” is
more impression to the reader than “seperti”.
The list of data using this technique can be seen in the table below:
Technique Data number Total data
Class shift
Adjective to adverb
046, 091, 101 3
c. Class Shift from Noun to Adverb
According to Catford (1965:78), class shift occurs when a source language
item is translated into different grammatical class in target language. The researcher
finds class shift from noun to adverb is used by the translator in translating the data in
this research. The researcher only finds one data that belongs to this class shift as
bellow:
ST: Each morning I get up, I die a little
TT: Setiap pagi kubangun, aku sedikit mati
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ST: Can barely stand on my feet
TT: Tidak mampu berdiri dengan tegak (Datum no. 61)
From the example above, “my feet” in ST is noun class word. It is translated
into “dengan tegak”, which belongs to adverb. It indicates that the translator applies
class shift from noun into adverb. However the translation is appropriate since the
translation does not affect the message rendering, moreover the translation sounds
natural and has good form of lyric.
d. Class Shift from Verb into Adjective
Class shift occurs when a source language item is translated into different
grammatical class in target language (Catford, 1965). The researcher finds this
technique is used by the translator to translate lyric from ST to TT in two data, they
are data no 29 and 41.
ST: Don’t have to be cool to rule my world
TT: tak perlu jadi yang terkeren untuk berkuasa di hidupku
(Datum no 29)
The example above shows that “to rule” in ST is a verb. It is translated by
the translator into “berkuasa” which belongs to adjective class. It indicates that the
translator applies class shift from verb into adjective.
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e. Unit Shift from Phrase into Word
Unit shift from phrase into word occurs when the translation involves change
from phrase rank to word rank Catford (1965:79).
Example 1:
ST: Sleep, pretty darling, do not cry
TT: Tidurlah sayangku, jangan menangis (Datum no 5)
From the example above, “pretty darling” in ST is a noun phrase. It means
that it is in phrase rank. It is translated into “sayangku” which is in word rank. The
translator applies this technique to reduce ineffective word. However, the translator
maintains the message and form from ST to TT. And this technique is properly
enough to be applied in the translation above.
Example 2:
ST: daylight deals a bad hand
TT: Siang hari membawa kesialan (Datum no 98)
From the example above, “bad hand” in ST is in a phrase rank. It is
translated into “kesialan” which is in word rank. The change from phrase rank into
word rank indicates that the translator applies unit shift from phrase into word. The
content is conveyed well from source text into target text.
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The list of data using this technique can be seen in the table below:
Technique Data number Total data
Unit shift from Phrase
into Word
005, 032, 051, 095,
098, 100, 116, 126,
138, 168
10
1.4. Literal Translation
This technique is used by the translator in most of the translation. The
translator translated using word-for-word translation and then made some
adjustments such as inserting additional words, changing structure at any rank, giving
expansions or reductions of some parts in conformity with grammatical system of
target language. Most of the data in this research are translated literally.
Example 1:
ST: I need your love
TT: Aku membutuhkan cintamu (Datum no 18)
The example above shows the literal translation technique. The translator
firstly translated the data word for word (aku membutuhkan kamu cinta) then he made
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an adjustment by moving the word “kamu” after “cinta” in order to make the
translation acceptable in target language.
Example 2:
ST: He came from the wrong side of town
TT: Dia berasal dari sisi kota yang salah (Datum no 143)
From the example above, the translator applies literal translation in the
translation. The data translated word for word into “dia berasal dari salah sisi kota”,
then the translator makes some adjustments by rearranging the structure to suit the
system in target language and add a conjunction “yang”. The final translation is “Dia
berasal dari sisi kota yang salah”. This translation is accurate and acceptable in
target language.
The list of data using this technique can be seen in the table below:
Technique Data number Total data Literal translation 002, 006, 007, 014,
018, 019, 020, 021, 024, 025, 028, 034, 038, 040, 044, 045, 047, 052, 054, 055, 058, 060, 063, 064, 067, 068, 069, 075, 079, 082, 083, 084, 085, 086, 087, 089, 090, 104, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 119, 120, 122,
67
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123, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 146, 147, 149, 150,
151, 152, 170
1.5. Free Translation
This technique is used by the translator according to the message of the
source text. The translator focuses on the message delivery from source text into
target text. It is translated freely so that the structure between source text and target
text is different. However, the message from the source text is conveyed to the target
text. The data contains figurative language since it is in form of lyric. This technique
is used by the translator to translate figurative language.
Example 1:
ST: The mirror stares you in the face
TT: Kau memandang dirimu sendiri di dalam cermin (Datum no 103)
From the example above, it can be seen that the translation of the data is
different in structure. “The mirror stares you in the face” is a figurative language and
the translator applies free translation to translate it into “kau memandang dirimu
sendiri di dalam cermin”. The message is conveyed from ST to TT.
Example 2:
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ST: they say I got a lot of water in my brain
TT: meraka bilang aku bodoh (Datum no 74)
In the datum no 74 above, “I got a lot of water in my brain” is a figurative
language. It means stupid or nonsense. The translator translates it into “aku bodoh”
and this decision is appropriate and conveyed the main idea from ST into TT.
The list of data using this technique can be seen in the table below:
Technique Data number Total data Free translation 022, 026, 057, 065,
066, 072, 074, 080, 081, 103,105, 118,
128
13
1.6. Modulation
This technique is used by the translator when literal translation does not
result a natural translation (Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003). This kind of
translation technique can be a change of viewpoint or perspective.
Example 1:
ST: I got nobody left to believe in
TT: Tak ada yang percaya padaku (Datum no 76)
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The example above shows the changing position of the object and the
subject. Here, the translator applies different perspective in translating the ST. If the
ST is translated literally, it will be “aku dapat tak seorangpun akan percaya padaku”.
This translation sounds uncommon in target language. In order to make the
translation appropriate in TL, the translator changes his perspective and translated the
text into “Tak ada yang percaya padaku”.
Example 2:
ST: You’re the particular song I’m compatible with
TT: Kaulah lagu yang cocok dengan diriku (Datum no 43)
The example above shows that the translator applies different perspective in
translating the ST. The translation above will be clumsy and sounds not natural if it is
translated literally. The translator needs to use different perspective in translating the
SL text in order to make it more appropriate and natural in the TL.
The list of data using this technique can be seen in the table below:
Technique Data number Total data
Modulation 030, 043, 076, 3
2. TRANSLATION QUALITY ASSESSMENT
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A research of a translation quality must be done according to the
methodology that has been determined. To assess the quality of translation, the
researcher distributed questionnaires to the raters, professional translators or people
who have a lot of translating experiences for assessing accuracy and acceptability,
and the respondents for assessing readability. In this research, there are three raters
who determine the appropriateness level. The raters were asked to complete
questionnaire that has been distributed to determine the level of accuracy and
acceptability. Meanwhile, the respondents were given questionnaires to evaluate the
level of readability. Both questionnaires for raters and respondents employed a close
and open format that means the raters and respondents may answer and give any
comments of the translation.
2.1. Accuracy
The researcher distributed a questionnaire to three raters. The questionnaire
contains questions and 172 song lyric data of Happy Feet movie. The raters
completed the questionnaire after watching Happy Feet movie. They compared the
source text to target text and then marked the score of accuracy and acceptability. It is
an open questionnaire which means that the raters may answer and give any
comment.
The accuracy of song lyrics translation is measured based on a scale of four
levels as shown in the table below:
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Scale Description
4 Accurate, the content of the original lyric is accurately conveyed. The
message from source language is conveyed into target language
accurately.
3 Less accurate, the content of the original lyric is not conveyed well.
The message from source language is not delivered into target text
well.
2 Inaccurate if the content of the original lyric is not conveyed
accurately at all. There are shifts of meaning.
1 Very inaccurate, if the lyric is not translated as the result the message
is not conveyed to target language.
After collected all score from the raters and calculated all score, the data are
classified into four categories, as follows:
1. Classification A: Accurate, is data in scale 4.0
2. Classification B: Less Accurate, covers the data with mean score 2.6 - 3.9
3. Classification C: Inaccurate, covers the data with mean score 1.1 - 2.5
4. Classification D: Very Inaccurate, is the data in scale 1.0
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From the total 172 data, there are 105 (61.05%) data accurately translated,
50 (29.07%) data less accurately translated and 17 (9.88%) data very inaccurately
translated and no data is translated inaccurately.
The detail analysis of the classifications of analysis as follows:
2.1.1. Classification A
In this classification, all data are considered accurate. The mean score of the
data in scale 4.0. It means that all the raters gave highest score to the data. Generally,
most of the data are categorized into this classification. There are 105 data from 172
data or 61.05% data that belong to this category. The description of an accurate
datum in this classification is the song lyric accurately conveyed into the target
language. It does not need any rewriting. These are some examples of data included
in this classification
Example 1:
ST: Are the stars out tonight?
TT: Apakah bintang-bintang hadir malam ini? (Datum no 2)
All of the three raters gave the data with scale 4. It indicates that the
translation is accurate. They considered that the message from the source language is
totally conveyed into the target language. The content of source text and target text is
lxxviii
equivalent. This is proved by the assessment of the raters which shows perfect score
for this datum.
Example 2:
ST: boys boys, Give a chick a chance
TT: teman-teman Berikan aku kesempatan (Datum no.32)
The example above was rated by the raters as translated accurately. They
have the same assessment to the data. The data contains slang word, “give a chick a
chance” means “berikan aku kesempatan”, and all raters agree with this translation
because the content from source text is delivered well to the target language.
2.1.2. Classification B
In this classification, all data are considered less accurate. The message
conveyed from source text into target text is less accurate. There are 50 data from 172
data or 29.7% belonging to this category. According to the raters, there are some
reasons why the data included into this classification. Firstly, not all the message
delivered well into target language. Secondly, the choice of equivalent word is
unsuitable. These are some examples of the data classified into this classification:
Example 1:
ST: Each morning I get up, I die a little
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TT: setiap pagi kubangun, aku sedikit mati (Datum no. 60)
The average score of the datum above is 3. The first rater commented that
the translation is not translated appropriately into target language. According to her,
the translation is translated literally and it is less expressive. In addition, she
considered that the italic phrase is translated less accurate. The third rater also made a
note to this translation. He suggested the translator to change “I die a little” into “aku
semakin sekarat”. It is more expressive than being translated into “aku sedikit mati”.
Example 2:
ST: you rule my world
TT: Kaulah hidupku (Datum no 42)
The datum includes to this category since the average score of the
assessment is 3.0. It means that the datum is less accurately translated from source
language into target language. The second rater commented that the translation is less
appropriate. He suggested changing the translation into “kaulah yang menguasai
hidupku”. In line with second rater, the third rater also commented that the translation
is less appropriate. He suggested “Kau berkuasa dihidupku” as the best translation
for the data.
2.1.3. Classification C
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In this classification, all data are considered inaccurate. There are no data
from 172 data can be included in this category.
2.1.4. Classification D
In this classification, all data are considered very inaccurate translation. The
content of source text is not conveyed at all into the target language. There are 19
data or 9.88% data included in this category. Those data are included into this
category because those data are not translated into target language. The translator
does not translate 17 data of lyrics and the raters assessed that it should be translated.
That is the reason for the raters to score it as inaccurate translation.
Example1:
ST: Look out
Look out
Look out
Look
Look out
TT: - (Datum no. 48)
The datum above is not translated into target language. According to the
three raters, it is very inaccurate. A translator should translate the text from SL to TL
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and deliver the message. But the translator did not translate it. The third raters
suggested translating it into “perhatikanlah”.
Example2:
ST: Looking back on when I
TT: - (Datum no.155)
All raters gave the datum with lowest score. It means that the data is very
inaccurate. The translator misses the message because he does not translate it. The
third rater suggested “melihat kembali ketika aku” as the translation.
The classification of translation accuracy
Categories Data number Total number
Percentage
Accurate 002, 003, 004, 005, 006, 008, 009, 010, 011, 014, 018, 019, 020, 022, 024, 025, 032, 033, 035, 036, 038, 039, 040, 048, 049, 050, 051, 052, 053, 054, 056, 057, 058, 059, 061, 063, 064, 065, 066, 067, 069, 070, 071, 072,
105 61.05%
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073, 074, 075, 078, 079, 080, 081, 083, 084, 085, 087, 088, 089, 090, 092, 094, 095, 096, 097, 098, 099, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129, 130, 133, 136, 137, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149,
150, 151, 152, 154, 168 Less accurate 001, 007, 012, 013,
015, 016, 017, 021, 023, 026, 027, 028, 029, 030, 031, 034, 037, 041, 042, 043, 044, 045, 046, 047, 055, 060, 062, 068, 076, 077, 082, 086, 091, 093, 100, 101, 103, 118, 121, 122, 123, 128, 131, 132, 134, 135, 138, 139,
153, 170
50 29.07%
Inaccurate - 0 0% Very Inaccurate 148, 155, 156, 157,
158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165,
166, 167, 169, 171, 172
17 9.88%
2.2 Acceptability
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Acceptability always deals with its natural in target language. The analysis
of acceptability based on the average score from the three raters who assessed and
gave score for the acceptability of song lyric translation from source text into target
text. The raters of acceptability are those who also assess accuracy of happy feet song
lyrics.
The acceptability of song lyrics translation is measured based on a scale of
three levels as shown in the table below:
Scale Description
3 Acceptable, if the translation has natural of form of the target text.
The lyric sounds natural and almost does not feel like a translation.
There are no problem with the grammar.
2 Less acceptable, if the translation sounds clumsy. It contains a few of
grammatical error.
1 Unacceptable, if the translation sounds like a translation and
extremely clumsy in target language.
There are three categorized in three classifications:
1. Classification A: Acceptable, is the data in score 3.0
2. Classification B: Less Acceptable, covers the data with mean score 1.1-2.9
3. Classification C: Unacceptable, is the data in score 1.0
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From 155 data, there are 142 (91.62%) data acceptable, 13 (8.38%) data are
less acceptable and no data are considered to be unacceptable translation. Mostly, the
translation is acceptable to target readers, means that the translation sounds natural
and does not like a translation in target language.
The detail analyses of the classifications of analysis are as follows
2.2.1. Classification A
In this classification, all data are considered acceptable in target language.
The description of an acceptable data is that sounds natural as an Indonesian
expression. The lyric sounds natural and almost does not sound like a translation. In
addition, there is no problem with the grammar. The data of this classification are in
score 3.0. Most of the data belong to this classification. There are 142 (91.6%) data
from the entire data include in this classification. The following data are some
examples of the acceptable translation:
Example1:
ST: You don’t have to be cool to rule my world
TT: Kau tak perlu jadi yang terkeren untuk berkuasa di hidupku
(Datum no. 29)
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All of the three raters gave highest score to the data. Score 3 were given
because the translation sounds natural and does not like a translation in target
language. The translation is grammatically correct in the target language. All raters
assessed that the translator translates the lyrics well. The translator can make the
translation text is acceptable in the target language. In addition, the raters noticed that
the translator can maintain the form of lyric from ST into TT.
Example 2:
ST: You’re the particular song I’m compatible with
TT: kaulah lagu yang cocok dengan diriku (Datum no. 43)
The second example is similar with the first one. The average score of
acceptability for this datum is 3. It means that all raters scored this datum 3. The
translation in target language sounds natural and does not like a translation. The
translator maintains the form of lyric in target text.
2.2.2. Classification B
In this classification, all data are considered less acceptable in target
language. There are some grammatical mistakes, but it covers minor part of the entire
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text. There are 13 data belonging to this classification. The following data are some
examples of less acceptable translation
Example 1:
ST: Oh, baby, find me
TT: Sayangku, temukanlah aku (Datum no. 77)
The example above has average score 2.6. It indicates that not all of the
raters gave it highest score. According to the raters, the datum no 77 is less
acceptable. The third ratter gave it score 2 for less acceptable. The translation of
“Sayangku, temukanlah aku” sounds not natural. He also gave suggestion to translate
it into “Sayangku, datanglah padaku”. This translation will be more natural in target
language.
Example 2:
ST: Boogie wonderland
TT: Goyang tanah ajaib (Datum no 123)
The example above has average score 2.6. The second and third raters gave
score 3 while the first rater give score 2 to this datum. She argued that the translation
sounds clumsy and it is meaningless in target language. She suggested “goyang yang
indah” as the translation. This translation will be more acceptable in target language.
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2.2.3. Classification C
In this classification, all data are considered unacceptable in target language.
The data belong to this classification employ uncommon terms in the target language
text and the translation sounds like a translation and extremely clumsy. However,
there is no single of data classified in this classification.
The classification of translation acceptability
Categories Data number Total number
Percentage
Acceptable 001, 002, 003, 004, 005, 006, 007, 008, 009, 010, 011, 012, 013, 014, 015, 017. 018, 019, 020, 021. 022, 023. 024, 025, 027, 029, 030, 031, 032, 033, 034, 035, 036, 037, 038, 039, 040, 041, 042, 043, 044, 045, 046, 048, 049, 050, 051, 052, 053, 054, 055, 056, 057, 058, 059, 061, 062, 063, 064, 065, 066, 068, 069, 070, 071, 072, 073, 074, 075, 076, 078, 079, 080, 081, 082, 083, 084, 085, 087, 088, 089, 090, 091, 092, 093, 094, 095, 096, 097, 098, 099, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108,
142 91.62%
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109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 133, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154,
168, 170 Less acceptable 016, 026, 028, 047,
060, 067, 077, 086, 122, 123, 132, 134, 135
13 8.38%
Unacceptable - 0 0%
2.3. Readability
Readability has important part of establishing the quality of translation.
Readability always deals with how easy the readers understand the translation. The
analysis of readability based on the average score from the three respondents who
assessed and gave score for the readability of song lyric translation from source text
into target text. The researcher distributed questionnaires to three respondents. The
questionnaire contains 155 data of Happy Feet song lyrics. The data are the
translation in target language only. The respondents completed the questionnaire after
watching happy feet movie. It is an open questionnaire, so the respondents may
answer and give any comment.
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The readability of the song lyric translation in the target text is measured by
the scales below:
Scale Description
4 Readable, if the song lyric translation is easy to understand. It is
understanable after the first reading.
3 Less readable, if the song lyric translation is less easy to understand. It
is understanable after reading the text twice.
2 Unreadable, if the song lyric translation is difficult to understand. It is
understanable after read many times.
1 Very unreadable, if the song lyric translation can not be understood,
the reader can not understand although it has been read many times.
The researcher picks up three respondents around the age 15-19 years old to
assess the readability of the song lyric translation. Furthermore, those respondents are
signed with R1, R2, and R3.
The readability data is categorized into four classifications:
1. Classification A: Readable, is data in scale 4.0
2. Classification B: Less Readable, covers the data with mean score 2.6-3.9
3. Classification C: Unreadable, covers the data with mean score 1.1-2.5
4. Classification D: Very Unreadable, is the data in scale 1.0
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From the total 155 data, there are 117 (75.48%) data which are readable, 34
(21.94%) data are less readable and 4 (2.58%) is unreadable. Mostly, the translations
are readable for target readers.
The detail analysis of the classifications as follows:
2.3.1. Classification A
In this classification, all data are considered readable in target language. The
readers can understand the meaning of the translation easily. Most of data belong to
this classification. It covers 75.48% of the entire data. These are some example of
readable data:
Example 1:
Katakan padaku hal yang indah (Datum no 10)
Aku membutuhkan cintamu (Datum no 18)
Kau tak perlu menjadi kaya untuk jadi kekasihku (Datum no 28)
Dan aku berkata, “Aku merasa sangat kesepian” (Datum no 37)
From the examples above, all of three respondents gave the highest score to
those data. It means that the data readable, they understood the content of the
translation easily in reading it once time. The translator chooses the words that are
easily to understand by the target readers.
xci
2.3.2. Classification B
In this classification, all data are considered less readable in target language.
The respondents have a little difficulty in understanding the message of the
translation text. However, they could understand the meaning after reading the text
twice. There are 34 data or 21.94% data belong to this category. For example:
Aku berusaha tak kehilangan kepalaku (Datum no 47)
Setiap pagi kubangun, aku sedikit mati (Datum no 60)
Merasuk kedalam hati mereka ynag butuh lebih dari yang didapat
(Datum no 126)
The examples above have the average score in range 2.6 – 3.9. It means that
the text is less readable. The respondents did not understand the meaning of text in
reading once time. After reread they could catch the message and understand the
content. Most of data which includes to this category are a verbal phrase or adjective
phrase.
2.3.3. Classification C
In this classification, all data are considered unreadable. The respondents
have a difficulty in understanding the message of text. The respondents have to do
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hard effort by reading it many times to get the point. After reread the text many times,
the respondents can understand the message. It means that the text is unreadable
because the readers have to reread it many time or do hard effort to get the point. The
translation is hard to understand. There are 4 data belongs to this category.
Goyang tanah ajaib (Datum no 122, 123, 132, 134)
The text above appears four times as the translation from source text. The
entire respondents have problem to understand the text. The text is clumsy and
strange to the respondents. After reread many times they can understand that the point
is “goyang”. From this example, the translator failed to translate the text from source
text into TT because the readers do not understand it easily.
The classification of translation readability
Categories Data number Total number
Percentage
Readable 001, 003, 004, 005, 006, 007, 009, 010, 011, 012, 013, 014, 015, 018, 020, 021. 022, 023. 024, 025, 028, 029, 031, 032, 033, 034, 035, 036, 037, 038, 039, 040, 041, 042, 044, 045, 049, 050, 054, 056, 057, 058, 059, 061, 062, 064, 065, 067, 068, 069, 070, 071, 072, 073, 074, 075,
117 (75.48%)
xciii
076, 077, 078, 079, 080, 081, 084, 085, 087, 088, 091, 092, 093, 094, 095, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 118, 119, 120, 121, 124, 125, 128, 129, 130, 131, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151,
152, 153, 154, 168, 170 Less readable 002, 008, 016, 017,
019, 026, 027, 030, 043, 046, 047, 048, 051, 052, 053, 055, 060, 063, 066, 082, 083, 086, 089, 090, 096, 097, 098, 099, 116, 117, 126, 127,
142, 143
34 21.94%
Unreadable 122, 123, 132, 134 4 2.58% Very Unreadable - 0 0%
3. DISCUSSION
This subchapter will discuss the translation techniques and the impact of the
techniques on the quality of the translation in term of accuracy, acceptability and
readability. It is divided into two parts; what techniques are used by the translator and
the impact of the technique used on the translation to the quality of the translation.
xciv
1. The techniques applied in the translation of Happy Feet song lyrics into
Indonesian.
In the beginning of this chapter, the research has explained the analysis of
technique used by the translator to translate song lyrics from its original language into
Indonesia. Considering the analysis, the research finds six techniques applied on the
translation. They are addition, reduction or deletion, translation shift, modulation,
literal translation and free translation.
Considering the result of research, the translator mostly uses the literal
translation technique. The translator translates the text in word for word then he
makes some adjustments to make the translation acceptable and readable in target
language. As stated by Newmark that literal translation is the basic of translation
procedure (1988:70). This technique is very appropriate to translate lyrics in the form
of subtitle for several reasons. First, there are few problems of equivalent words from
source text into target text. Second, most of data are in simple phrase and simple
clause. The selection of literal technique is very appropriate.
Another technique which is used by the translator is reduction or deletion.
The use of this technique is appropriate to translate the data for several reasons, such
as the translator tries to maintain the form of lyric in source text into target text by
xcv
removing unimportant words. Lyric is one kind of literature because it contains the
connotative meaning (Griffe, 1995:4).
In reduction, the translator might consider its form of subtitle so that the
translator must translate the text as ideal in target language in order to make the
translation result can follow the subtitle rules in writing. Some English words have
more than one or two equivalents in Indonesian. That is the reason this reduction
techniques is used to remove or delete a word which is less effective. In reduction, the
remove of this word does not change the meaning of source language in target
language.
However, the translator also uses deletion to some data that means the
translator deletes the message and does not convey the message to target text. The
translator does not translate some lyrics from source language. It affects the messages
that are not delivered to the readers. The lyrics which are not translated are in the last
scene of the movie. It might be the consideration for the translation. However, as the
translator, he has to deliver all the contents or message from source text to target text.
Other technique used by the translators is addition. This technique is used by
the translator to make the message which is conveyed from source text to target text
clearer. An addition that is used by translator does not change the message from
source text to target text, but it gives clearer meaning. In addition, the translator tries
to maintain the form of the lyrics on the target text.
xcvi
The addition used by the translator does not change the content from source
text to target text. Instead, this addition makes the translation more impressive to the
readers. The choice of word used by the translator is very suitable. The addition by
the translator is still in the word rank. It is considered that the target text is in form of
subtitle so the suitable addition is in the word rank. Some addition are considered to
be very precise because this makes the text becomes very acceptable in Indonesian
language. In this case, the translator can be said good in selecting words for the
addition word.
Another technique used by the translator is translation shift. This strategy is
divided into five types. They are structural shift from modifier-head to head-modifier,
class shift from adjective into adverb, class shift from noun to adverb, class shift from
verb into adjective, unit shift from phrase into word. The different system between
source language and target language demand translation shift to be applied in the
translation process. Generally, the data employ this strategy is considered accurate.
Structural shift is applied by the translator in translating because the different system
between source language and target language. This technique involves a grammatical
change between the structure of the source text and the target text. The researcher
finds structural shift from modifier-head into head-modifier. English grammatical
system uses modifier-head as its default, while in Indonesian language system uses
head-modifier. The use of this technique aims to make the translation as natural as in
target language so that the translation is acceptable.
xcvii
Another translation shift that is found in the translation is class shift. The
researcher identifies three types of class shifts used by the translator. There are class
shift from adjective into adverb, class shift from noun to adverb, class shift from verb
into adjective. Those techniques used by the translator are applied by changing the
class word of source text in target text. Class shift from adjective to adverb means
that the original word in source text is an adjective and it is translated into adverb in
target language. As stated by Catford (1965:78), those class shifts occur when the
translation equivalent of a SL item is a member of a different class from the original
item. However, from the analysis, the used of class shift does not change the meaning
from source text to target text.
Another translation shift is unit shift. This technique is also found by the
researcher in the analysis. There is unit shift from phrase into word that is identified
by the researcher. The use of unit shift from phrase into word is appropriate since the
translation is acceptable in target language and the content is conveyed well to target
language.
Technique of modulation is also applied by the translator to translate the
data. In this translation, the technique is used to translate text in phrase, clause rank.
The translator looks the message of source language from different aspect or different
main set. The use of modulation creates a different way of convey the message in
target language, but the message is still the same.
xcviii
The last technique used by the translator is free translator. The form of lyric
contains figurative language. This figurative language data are translated by the
translator by using free translation technique. The translator works hard to translate
figurative language, since the translator has to deliver the message of figurative
language to the target text and still maintain the figurative language in target
language. From 13 data which are included in this technique, nine data (69.2%) are
scored as accurate by the raters. It means that the translator have done its job well
although some translations are scored less accurate by the raters.
2. Accuracy
Accuracy is one of the factors which determine the quality of translation. It
deals with the transfer of content or message from source language into target
language. An accurate translation if the message is transferred correctly into target
text as well as its sense. Therefore, in order to produce an accurate translation the
translator uses suitable technique.
The relationship between translation techniques and accuracy
Technique Accurate Less Accurate Inaccurate Very Inaccurate
004, 010, 049, 050, 056, 059, 070, 097, 114, 125, 144, 145
013, 062, 121, 131
- - Addition
12 (75%) 4 (25%) - - Reduction or 003, 008, 009, 001, 012, 015, - 148, 155,
xcix
011, 033, 039, 048, 053, 071, 073, 078, 088, 092, 094, 096, 099, 102, 106, 115, 117, 124, 127, 136, 154
016, 017, 023, 027, 031, 037, 042, 077, 093,
135, 153
156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 169, 171,
172
Deletion
24 (43.6%) 14 (25.5%) - 17 (30.9%)
005, 032, 035, 036, 051, 061, 095, 098, 116,
126, 168
029, 041, 046, 091, 100, 101,
138
- - Translation Shift
11 (61.11%) 7 (38.89%) - - 002, 006, 014, 018, 019, 020, 024, 025, 028, 034, 038, 040, 044, 052, 054, 055, 058, 060, 063, 064, 067, 068, 069, 075, 079, 082, 083, 084, 085, 086, 087, 089, 090, 104, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 119, 120, 129, 130, 133, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151,
152
007, 021, 045, 047, 122, 123, 132, 134, 170
- - Literal
58 (86.6%) 9 (13.4%) - - 022, 057, 065, 066, 072, 074, 080, 081, 105
026, 103, 118, 128
- - Free
9 (69.2%) 4 (30.8%) - -
c
- 030, 043, 076 - - Modulation - 3 (100%) - -
Most of the data are included in accurate classification, means that the
translations mostly conveyed well in target text. There are 105 data or 61.05% of total
data are included into this classification. However, 50 data or 29.07% of total data are
less accurate and 17 data or (9.88%) are very inaccurate which make the whole
translation can not be said as accurate translation. Most data of this classification are
translated by using literal translation technique and reduction techniques. There is no
technique resulting in 100% accurate translation.
The techniques contribute in resulting accurate translation are addition,
reduction, translation shift, modulation, literal and free translation technique.
However, not all of the data which used those techniques delivered the message well.
For example is reduction, 25.5% data of reduction technique are translated less
accurate. This happens because there are any important points from source text that
are not conveyed to target text. Still in reduction or deletion, there are 30.9% data are
very inaccurate. The translator does not translate it so the messages do not convey at
all to target language.
While the technique used by the translator which produces less accurate
translation is modulation. The data portraying this technique have the mean score in
range 2.6-3.9. Modulation makes the data have different structural form, as the result
ci
not all of the messages are conveyed to target language although the main idea has
been delivered.
There are some data classified as very inaccurate since the translator did not
translate it to target language. There are 17 data (9.88%) from 172 data which are not
translated by the translator. If the readers need its translation, they need to know what
the meaning of song which is sung by the characters.
Considering the result above, the techniques used by the translator are
appropriate. There are 61.05% data transferred accurately and 29.07% translated less
accurate. Meanwhile, 9.88% data are very inaccurate because those data are not
translated.
3. Acceptability
Acceptability always deals with its natural in target language. Natural in
target language must be carried on so that the readers do not realize that they are
reading a translation. Based on the analysis, there are 91.62% data are acceptable and
8.38% data are less acceptable and no translation data belong to inacceptable data.
Most of the translations are included in acceptable classification, means that the
translation sounds natural and does not like translation in target language.
The relationship between translation techniques and acceptability
cii
Technique Acceptable Less acceptable Unacceptable 004, 010, 013, 049, 050, 056, 059, 062, 070, 097, 114, 121, 125, 131, 144,
145
- - Addition
16 (100%) - - 001, 003, 008, 009, 011, 012, 015, 017, 023, 027, 031, 033, 037, 039, 042, 048, 053, 071, 073, 078, 088, 092, 093, 094, 096, 099, 102, 106, 115, 117, 124, 127, 136,
153, 154
016, 077, 135 - Reduction
35 (92.1%) 3 (7.9%) - 005, 029, 032, 035, 036, 041, 046, 051, 061, 091, 095, 098, 100, 101, 116, 126, 138, 168
- - Translation Shift
18 (100%) - - Literal 002, 006, 007,
014, 018, 019, 020, 021, 024, 025, 034, 038, 040, 044, 045, 052, 054, 055, 058, 063, 064, 068, 069, 075, 079, 082, 083, 084, 085, 087, 089, 090, 104, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 119, 120,
028, 047, 060, 067, 086, 122, 123, 132, 134,
-
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129, 130, 133, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 152,
170 58 (86.6%) 9 (13.4%) -
022, 057, 065, 066, 072, 074, 080, 081, 103, 105, 118, 128
26 Free
12 (92.3%) 1 (7.7%) - 030, 043, 076 - - Modulation
3 (100%) - -
All of techniques used by the translator contribute in resulting acceptable
translation in target language. For example, the use of translation shift is an
appropriate technique. The translator adjusts the structure from source language into
target language in order to make the translation acceptable in target language. It
means that the translator has a good competence on translating the data. However,
there are 13 data or 8.38% of translation result that are less acceptable. Those data
have average score in range 1.1-2.9. Those 13 data which are less accurate apply
reduction, literal translation, and free translation technique.
From the data given to the three raters, 17 data which are not translated from
source language into target language are not scored by them. According to
Shuttleworth and Cowie (in Ningrum, 2007), acceptability is close to target language.
It means that quality of acceptability depends on its correct grammar in target
civ
language. Meanwhile, the data of lyrics are not translated to target language. It means
that no text have to be assessed.
Considering the result above, the techniques used by the translator are
appropriate. There are 91.62% data transferred acceptable in target language and
8.38% translated less acceptable. It means that the translator has good competence in
translating text from source language into an acceptable text in target language.
4. Readability
Readability refers to how easy written materials can be read and understood.
It is important since a translation can not be separated from reading activity, a good
translation should produce a readability translation.
The relationship between translation techniques and readability
Technique Readable Less readable
Unreadable Very unreadable
004, 010, 013, 049, 050, 056, 059, 062, 070, 114, 121, 125, 131, 144, 145
097 - - Addition
15 (93.8%) 1 (6.2%) - - Reduction 001, 003, 009, 008, 016, - -
cv
011, 012, 015, 023, 031, 033, 037, 039, 042, 071, 073, 077, 078, 088, 092, 093, 094, 102, 106, 115, 124, 135, 136, 153,
154
017, 027, 048, 053, 096, 099, 117, 127
28 (73.7%) 10 (26.3%) - - 005, 029, 032, 035, 036, 041, 061, 095, 101, 091, 100, 138,
168
046, 051, 098, 116,
126
- - Translation Shift
13 (72.22%) 5 (27.78%) - - 006, 007, 014, 018, 020, 021, 024, 025, 028, 034, 038, 040, 044, 045, 054, 058, 064, 067, 068, 069, 075, 079, 084, 085, 087, 104, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 119, 120, 129, 130, 133, 137, 139, 140, 141, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 152,
170
002, 019, 047, 052, 055, 060, 063, 082, 083, 086, 089, 090, 142, 143
122, 123, 132, 134
- Literal
49 (73.1%) 14 (20.9%) 4 (6%) - 022, 057, 065, 072, 074, 080, 081, 103, 105,
118, 128
026, 066, - - Free
11 (84.6%) 2 (15.4%) - - 030, 076 043 - - Modulation
2 (66.7%) 1 (33.3%) - -
cvi
Based on the analysis, there are 75.48% data readable, 21.94% data less
readable, 4 (2.58%) that are unreadable and no translation data include as very
unreadable. Most of the translations are readable in target language.
The target of this movie is all age from children, teenage, to adult. However,
the researcher took three respondents from teenage based on some considerations. In
this age, they like animation movie and they know which is good and bad one. The
most important is they master Indonesian language. All respondents gave positive
responds to the translation. Most of the data are readable for them. However, there are
some less readable and unreadable translations since the data are lyrics which contain
figurative language. Another problem, the translation cut in the subtitle is not
appropriate.
All techniques used by the translator contribute to readable translation for
the readers. The technique resulting translation with high degree of readability is
addition. However, some techniques contribute to less readable data such as addition,
reduction, translation shift and literal translation. The use of free translation technique
contributes to produce readable translation. It means that the translation has a good
competence in translating lyrics text in general and figurative language text in
specific.
cvii
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
A. CONCLUSION
After analyzing the data based on the two problem statements, conclusions can be
drawn as follows:
1. There are six techniques found in the translation of song lyrics in the Happy
Feet movie, they are addition (16 data or 9.30%) reduction or deletion (55
data or 31.99%), translation shift (18 data or 10.45%), literal translation (67
data or 38.95 %), free translation (13 data or 7.57%) and modulation (3 data
or 1.74%). Literal translation technique is the commonest technique used by
the translator to translate song lyrics in the movie. There are 67 data (38.95%)
included in this translation.
2. Based on the quality assessment of the translation, it is generally concluded
that the translation of song lyrics in happy Feet Movie is good. In term of
accuracy, the researcher finds that 105 data or 61.05% from total data are
accurate, 50 data or 29.07% data are less accurate and 17 data or 9.88% are
very inaccurate. In term of acceptability, the researcher finds that 142 data
from 155 total data or 91.62% are acceptable in target language, 13 data or
8.38% are less acceptable. In term of readability, the researcher finds that 117
cviii
data from total 155 data or 75.48% are readable in target language, 34 data or
21.94% are less readable and 4 data or 2.58% are unreadable.
Almost all translation techniques found in the data convey the message of the
data accurately and naturally in the target language. Most of the translations
are readable for target readers. The techniques resulting translation with high
degree of accuracy is literal translation. Meanwhile, the technique resulting
very inaccurate translation is reduction or deletion. It is due to the fact that
deletion technique applied by the translator does not convey the message from
source text to target text.
In terms of acceptability, the techniques resulting in acceptable
translation are addition, translation shift, and modulation. Meanwhile, the
techniques resulting low degree of acceptability are reduction and literal
translation.
In terms of readability, the techniques resulting translation with high
degree of readability is addition, while the one technique resulting unreadable
translation is literal translation.
B. RECOMMENDATION
cix
1. The Subtitler
The use of reduction technique is hard to avoid in subtitling. Deletion,
however is not a wise decision because the message is lost. The technique of
reduction might be suggested as long as it does not distort the message.
Although literal technique is mostly used in the song lyric translation
and might produce accurate, acceptable and readable translation, this
technique is not suggested to be used to translate complex sentences. If it is
used to translate complex sentences, the translations are usually less accurate,
less acceptable and less readable even unreadable.
2. Other researchers
The research focuses on technique of translation and quality of
translation in term of accuracy, acceptability and readability of song lyrics
translation in Happy Feet movie. Further research can be done by another
researcher on translating song lyrics with a deeper study. Other researchers
may conduct research about song lyric not only in the form of subtitle but also
in a form of album and find out the strategy and quality of the translation. The
use of figurative language is an interesting subject to be taken as a research,
since the translation of some figurative languages in this research is less
accurate.
cx
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KUESIONER UNTUK MENENTUKAN TINGKAT KEAKURATAN
DAN TINGKAT KEBERTERIMAAN
Judul penelitian : An Analysis of Techniques and Quality of Song Lyrics
Translation in
Animation Movie Entitled “Happy Feet”
Nama : Edy Triyanto (C0304020)
No telepon : 085647455377
Kuesioner ini disusun dalam rangka penelitian tentang tingkat keakurasian
dan keberterimaan terjemahan subtitle lirik lagu dalam film berjudul “Happy Feet”.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keakurasian, keberterimaan serta
tingkat keterbacaan lirik lagu dalam teks bahasa sasaran.
Pada kuesioner ini responden diminta untuk menilai keakuratan dan
keberterimaan data berdasarkan skala yang tersedia. Responden juga diminta
menuliskan alasan yang mendukung jawaban tersebut & membetulkan lirik yang
menurut responden kurang tepat dan tidak berterima di dalam bahasa sasaran.
Adapun tingkat keakuratan dapat diukur berdasar skala definisi berikut:
Skala Deskripsi
4 Akurat, apabila pesan lirik lagu dari bahasa sumber tersampaikan
sepenuhnya kedalam teks bahasa sasaran.
3 Kurang akurat, apabila ada sebagian pesan lirik lagu yang menyimpang
/ tidak tersampaikan dalam teks bahasa sasaran.
2 Tidak akurat, apabila pesan lirik lagu dari bahasa sumber tidak
tersampaikan dalam bahasa sasaran. Ada penambahan, pengurangan atau
penyimpangan pesan pada teks bahasa sasaran.
1 Sangat tidak akurat, apabila lirik lagu tidak diterjemahkan yang
menyebabkan pesan tidak tersampaikan sama sekali dalam teks bahasa
sasaran.
cxiv
Untuk mengukur keberterimaan digunakan skala dan definisi berikut:
Skala Diskripsi
3 Berterima, apabila bahasa terjemahan alamiah dan sesuai dengan kaidah
kebahasaan pada bahasa sasaran. Terjemahan tidak terasa seperti hasil
terjemahan.
2 Kurang berterima, apabila bahasa terjemahan kurang alamiah karena
ada kejanggalan pada tataran kata atau frase namun sebagian besar bagian
kalimat terasa alamiah.
1 Tidak berterima, apabila hasil terjemahan tidak alamiah dan terasa
janggal sebagai kalimat bahasa Indonesia.
Karena pentingnya informasi dari kuestioner ini, peneliti berharap responden dalam
memberi jawaban dengan sungguh-sungguh dan teliti. Atas kerjasamanya peneliti
ucapkan terima kasih. Selamat mngerjakan!!
Latar belakang responden
Nama :
Alamat :
No. Telepon :
Pekerjaan :
Pendidikan :
Responden diharap menuliskan pengalaman-pengalaman di bidang penerjemahan
.........................................................................................................................................
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cxv
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Berikan jawaban anda dengan melingkari angka pada kolom jawaban dan berikan komentar atau ulasan anda atas jawaban anda tersebut.
No Data
Disk 1 (00:50 – 03.43) Kontek situasi: opening film Happy feet, Norma Jean seekor penguin betina sedang menyanyikan lagu hatinya untuk menemukan cinta sejati.
Once there was a way to get back homeward Ketika ada jalan untuk pulang
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
1.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Are the stars out tonight? Apakah bintang-bintang hadir malam ini?
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
2.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Once there was a way to get back home Ketika ada jalan untuk kembali pulang
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
3.
Komentar:
Komentar:
cxvi
I only have eyes Aku hanya punya sepasang mata
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
4.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Sleep, pretty darling, do not cry Tidurlah Sayangku, jangan menangis
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
5.
Komentar:
Komentar:
For you Untukmu
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
6.
Komentar:
Komentar:
And I will sing a lullaby Dan akan kunyanyikan sebuah lagu
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
7.
Komentar:
Komentar:
With a song in my heart Dengan lagu didalam hatiku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
8.
Komentar:
Komentar:
So tell me Katakan padaku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
9.
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
cxvii
Komentar:
Komentar:
Tell me something good Katakan padaku hal yang indah
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
10.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Tell me that you love me Katakan padaku kau mencintaiku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
11.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Tell me, baby Katakan padaku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
12.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Tell me something good Katakan padaku hal yang indah
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
13.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Only you Hanya dirimu
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
14.
Komentar:
Komentar:
15. But how can you know for sure?
cxviii
Bagaimana kau bisa yakin?
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
Komentar:
Komentar:
Can make this world seem right Bisa membuat dunia ini benar
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
16.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Is there really just one? Apakah hanya ada satu?
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
17.
Komentar:
Komentar:
I need your love Aku membutuhkan cintamu
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
18.
Komentar:
Komentar:
So many songs, but I’m feeling so lonely Ada banyak lagu, tapi aku merasa sangat kesepian
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
19.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Where is the love? Dimanakah cinta?
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
20.
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
cxix
Komentar:
Komentar:
You don't have to be beautiful Kau tidak perlu cantik
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
21.
Komentar:
Komentar:
To turn me on Untuk memikatku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
22.
Komentar:
Komentar:
I just need your body, baby -Hello Aku hanya membutuhkan dirimu -Halo
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
23.
Komentar:
Komentar:
From dusk till dawn - Is it me you’re looking for? Sejak senja hingga fajar -Dirikukah yang kau cari?
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
24
Komentar:
Komentar:
You don't need experience - Take Kau tak perlu berpengalaman -Ambil
25.
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
cxx
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
Komentar:
Komentar:
To turn me out - These broken wings Untuk memikatku -Sayap-sayap tak berguna ini
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
26.
Komentar:
Komentar:
You just leave it all up to me - Let’s talk about eggs, baby - Let’s talk about you and me Serahkan saja padaku -Mari bicarakan soal telur, Sayang -Mari bicarakan tentang kau dan aku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
27.
Komentar:
Komentar:
You don't have to be rich to be my pearl Kau tak perlu menjadi kaya Untuk jadi kekasihku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
28.
Komentar:
Komentar:
You don't have to be cool to rule my world Kau tak perlu jadi yang terkeren Untuk berkuasa di hidupku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
29.
Komentar:
Komentar:
cxxi
Ain't no particular song I'm more compatible with Bukan hanya sekedar lagu biasa Yang cocok dengan diriku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
30.
Komentar:
Komentar:
I just want your extra... Aku hanya menginginkan lebih…
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
31.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Boys Boys, Give a chick a chance Teman-teman Berikan aku kesempatan
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
32.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Well, since my baby left me, Sejak kekasihku meninggalkanku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
33.
Komentar:
Komentar:
I found a new place to dwell. Aku menemukan tempat baru Untuk bersandar
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
34.
Komentar:
Komentar:
35. It’s down at the end of Lonely Street Terletak di ujung jalan kesepian
cxxii
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
Komentar:
Komentar:
At Heartbreak Hotel Pada hotel patah hati
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
36.
Komentar:
Komentar:
And I said, “I'm feelin’ so lonely, baby Dan aku berkata, “Aku merasa sangat kesepian
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
37.
Komentar:
Komentar:
I'm feelin’ so lonely Aku merasa sangat kesepian
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
38.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Oh, I'm feelin’ so lonely”... I could die. Aku merasa sangat kesepian… Aku bisa mati
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
39.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Don't have to be rich to be my girl Tak perlu kaya untuk jadi gadisku
40.
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
cxxiii
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
Komentar:
Komentar:
Don't have to be cool to rule my world Tak perlu jadi yang terkeren Untuk berkuasa di hidupku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
41.
Komentar:
Komentar:
You rule my word Kaulah duniaku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
42.
Komentar:
Komentar:
You’re the particular song I'm compatible with Kaulah lagu yang cocok dengan diriku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
43.
Komentar:
Komentar:
I just want your - Extra time - Extra time - And your kiss - And your kiss Aku hanya menginginkan Sedikit waktumu/ sedikit waktumu Dan ciumanmu/ dan ciumanmu
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
44.
Komentar:
Komentar:
cxxiv
Disk 1 (12:30 – 12:40) Kontek situasi: Seymoure (penguin kecil) menyanyikan lagu hatinya saat kelas menyanyi.
Don’t push me Jangan dorong aku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
45.
Komentar:
Komentar:
‘Cause I am close to the edge Karena aku sudah di pinggir
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
46.
Komentar:
Komentar:
I’m trying not to lose my head Aku berusaha tak kehilangan kepalaku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
47.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Disk 1 (12:50 – 13:08) Kontek situasi: Gloria menyanyikan lagu hatinya saat kelas menyanyi.
Midnight creeps so slowly Malam merayap dengan perlahan
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
48.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Into hearts of those Merasuk ke dalam hati mereka
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
49.
Komentar:
Komentar:
cxxv
Who need more than they get Yang membutuhkan Lebih dari yang mereka dapat
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
50.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Daylight deals a bad hand Siang hari membawa kesialan
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
51.
Komentar:
Komentar:
To a penguin Pada seekor penguin
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
52.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Who has laid too many bets Yang terlalu banyak bertaruh
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
53.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Disk 1 Group ( 21:42 – 22:27) Kontek situasi: pinguin-pinguin menyanyikan lagu bersama-sama saat kelas menyanyi, mengiringi kegundahan hati Mumble.
There’s a world where I can go Ada sebuah tempat yang bisa kudatangi
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
54.
Komentar:
Komentar:
cxxvi
And tell my secrets to Dan ceritakan rahasiaku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
55.
Komentar:
Komentar:
In my room Di dalam kamarku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
56.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Now it’s dark and I’m— Sekarang telah malam dan aku...
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
57.
Komentar:
Komentar:
--I won’t be afraid ...aku tak akan takut
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
58.
Komentar:
Komentar:
In my room Di dalam kamarku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
59.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Disk 1 Gloria (28:59 – 31:02)
cxxvii
Gloria sebagai bintang kelas bernyanyi saat malam kelulusan
Each morning I get up, I die a little Setiap pagi kubangun, aku sedikit mati
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
60.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Can barely stand on my feet Tidak mampu berdiri dengan tegak
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
61.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Take a look at yourself Lihatlah kedalam dirimu
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
62.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Take a look in the mirror and cry a little Lihatlah ke cermin dan sedikit menangislah
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
63.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Lord, what you doing to me? Tuhan apa yang kau lakukan padaku?
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
64.
Komentar:
Komentar:
I spent all my years in believing you Kuhabiskan seluruh hidupku percaya pada diri-Mu
65.
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
cxxviii
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
Komentar:
Komentar:
I just can’t get no relief, Lord Tapi ku tak merasa lega, Tuhan
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
66.
Komentar:
Komentar:
-Somebody -Somebody -Somebody -Please Seseorang/ seseorang Seseorang/ Tolonglah
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
67.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Can anybody find me Dapatkah seseorang mencarikanku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
68.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Somebody to love? Seseorang untuk dicintai
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
69.
Komentar:
Komentar:
70. She works hard -Everyday -Everyday Dia telah berusaha keras
cxxix
-Setiap hari, Setiap hari
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
Komentar:
Komentar:
Oh I try and I try and I try Oh aku mencoba dan mencoba dan mencoba
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
71.
Komentar:
Komentar:
But everybody wants to put me down Tapi semua orang ingin membuatku sedih
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
72.
Komentar:
Komentar:
They say, they say, I’m going crazy Mereka bilang aku akan menjadi gila
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
73.
Komentar:
Komentar:
They say I got a lot of water in my brain Mereka bilang aku bodoh
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
74.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Got no common sense Tak punya akal sehat
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
75.
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
cxxx
Komentar:
Komentar:
I got nobody left to believe in Tak ada yang percaya padaku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
76.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Oh, baby, find me Sayangku, temukanlah aku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
77.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Come on. Put your flippers in the air now. Ayo. Tepukkan siripmu ke udara
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
78.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Find me somebody to love Find me somebody to love Find me somebody to love Carikan aku seseorang untuk dicintai Carikan aku seseorang untuk dicintai Carikan aku seseorang untuk dicintai
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
79.
Komentar:
Komentar:
I’m searching high and low Aku telah mencari kemana saja
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
80.
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
cxxxi
Komentar:
Komentar:
I’m searching the high and low Aku telah mencari kemana saja
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
81.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Yes, there’s somebody out there who needs to find me Ya, ada seseorang di luar sana yang harus menemukanku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
82.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Somebody, anybody -I’m somebody Seseorang, siapapun -Aku seseorang
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
83.
Komentar:
Komentar:
I wanna love someone Aku ingin mencintai seseorang
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
84.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Send someone over here Kirimkan seseorang ke sisiku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
85.
Komentar: Komentar:
cxxxii
Can anybody find me Dapatkah seseorang carikanku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
86.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Somebody to Love Seseorang untuk…dicintai
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
87.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Disk 1 (42:55-43:02) Kontek situasi: Lovelace bernyanyi untuk berkomunikasi dengan roh mistis.
Is she alive now? Apakah ia masih hidup?
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
88.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Separate the truth from the jive Pisahkan kebenaran dari kabut
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
89.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Speak to me, oh, mystic beings Bicaralah padaku, roh-roh mistik
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
90.
Komentar:
Komentar:
cxxxiii
Disk 1 Group (47:24 – 53:13) Kontek situasi: Gloria menyanyikan lagu hatinya, beberapa penguin jantan membalas nyanyian, termasuk mumble untuk memikat Gloria.
Don’t push me ‘cause I’m close to the edge Jangan dorong aku karena Ku telah dekat di pinggir
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
91.
Komentar:
Komentar:
I’m trying not to lose my... Gloria Aku berusaha tak kehilangan Gloria..
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
92.
Komentar:
Komentar:
It’s like a jungle sometimes Terkadang seperti di hutan
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
93.
Komentar:
Komentar:
It makes me wonder Membuatku bertanya-tanya
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
94.
Komentar:
Komentar:
How I keep from going under Bagaimana cara agar aku tak tersesat
95.
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
cxxxiv
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
Komentar:
Komentar:
Midnight creeps so slowly Malam merayap dengan pelan
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
96.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Into hearts of those Who need more than they get Merasuk ke dalam hati mereka yang Butuh lebih dari yang didapat
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
97.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Daylight deals a bad hand Siang hari membawa kesialan
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
98.
Komentar:
Komentar:
To a penguin Who has laid too many bets Kepada penguin yang Terlalu banyak bertaruh
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
99.
Komentar:
Komentar:
I’ll make love to you Aku akan bermain denganmu
100.
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
cxxxv
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
Komentar:
Komentar:
Like you want me to Saat kau menginginkanku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
101.
Komentar:
Komentar:
And I’ll hold you tight, baby, all...Gloria Dan aku akan memelukmu erat, sayang…Gloria
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
102.
Komentar:
Komentar:
The mirror stares you in the face kau memandang dirimu sendiri di dalam cermin
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
103.
Komentar:
Komentar:
And says, “Baby—“ Dan berkata, “Sayang…”
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
104.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Shake a bon-bon, shake a— Goyangkan pinggulmu, goyangkan
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
105.
Komentar:
Komentar:
cxxxvi
It don’t work Tidak akan berhasil
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
106.
Komentar:
Komentar:
You say your prayers Kau ucapkan doamu
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
107.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Though you don’t care Meskipun kau tak peduli
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
108.
Komentar:
Komentar:
You say your prayers Kau ucapkan doamu
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
109.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Though you don’t care Meskipun kau tak peduli
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
110.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Boys! Boys! Boys! Teman-teman! Teman!
111.
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
cxxxvii
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
Komentar:
Komentar:
Baby Sayang..
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
112.
Komentar:
Komentar:
So slowly Secara perlahan
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
113.
Komentar:
Komentar:
So slowly into hearts of those Secara perlahan merasuk Kedalam hati mereka
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
114.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Who need more than they get Yang membutuhkan Lebih dari yang didapat
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
115.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Daylight deals a bad hand Siang hari membawa kesialan
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
116.
Komentar: Komentar:
cxxxviii
To a penguin that has a laid too many bets Pada penguin yang Terlalu banyak bertaruh
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
117.
Komentar:
Komentar:
The mirror stares you in the face Kau memandang dirimu sendiri di dalam cermin
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
118.
Komentar:
Komentar:
And says, “Baby...it don’t work” Dan berkata, “Sayang… Ini tidak berhasil”
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
119.
Komentar:
Komentar:
You say your prayers Though you don’t care Kau ucapkan doamu meskipun Kau tak peduli
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
120.
Komentar:
Komentar:
You sing and you shake the hurt Dance! Kau menyanyi dan menggetarkan Semua orang …Menari!
121.
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
cxxxix
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
Komentar:
Komentar:
Boogie wonderland Dance Goyang tanah ajaib Menari
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
122.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Boogie wonderland Goyang tanah ajaib
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
123.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Midnight creeps so slowly Malam merayap dengan pelan
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
124.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Into hearts of men Who need more than they get Merasuk ke dalam hati mereka yang Butuh lebih dari yang didapat
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
125.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Daylight deals a bad hand Siang hari membawa kesialan
126.
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
cxl
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
Komentar:
Komentar:
To a penguin Who has laid too many bets Bagi penguin yang Terlalu banyak bertaruh
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
127.
Komentar:
Komentar:
The mirror stares you in the face Kau memandang dirimu di cermin
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
128.
Komentar:
Komentar:
And says, “Baby...it don’t work” Dan berkata, “Sayang…ini tidak berhasil”
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
129.
Komentar:
Komentar:
You say your prayers Though you don’t care Kau ucapkan doamu meskipun Kau tak peduli
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
130.
Komentar:
Komentar:
131. You dance and shake the hurt Dance! Kau menari dan mengguncang
cxli
Semua orang …menari!
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
Komentar:
Komentar:
Boogie wonderland Goyang tanah ajaib
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
132.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Dance, dance, dance Mumble Menari, menari, menari Mumble
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
133.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Boogie wonderland Goyang tanah ajaib
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
134.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Check it out, check it out Check it out, check it out My brothers Saudaraku
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
135.
Komentar:
Komentar:
cxlii
You look so beautiful to me, baby Kau kelihatan begitu cantik sayang
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
136.
Komentar:
Komentar:
All the love in the world can’t be gone Mumble! Semua cinta di dunia takkan hilang Mumble!
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
137.
Komentar:
Komentar:
All the need to be loved can’t be wrong Mumble! Hasrat untuk dicintai takkan salah Mumble!
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
138.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Disk 1 (57:25-58:15) Kontek situasi: lima penguin Spanish bernyanyi mengiringi kepergian Mumble dari kelompok penguin setelah diusir pemimpin kelompok (Noah) karena dianggap sebagai pembawa bencana.
My folks were always putting him down Orangtuaku selalu membuatnya sedih
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
139.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Down, down, down Sedih, sedih, sedih
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
140.
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
cxliii
Komentar:
Komentar:
They said he came Mereka mengatakan ia berasal
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
141.
Komentar:
Komentar:
From the wrong side of town Dari sisi kota yang salah
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
142.
Komentar:
Komentar:
He came from the wrong side of town Dia berasal dari sisi kota yang salah
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
143.
Komentar:
Komentar:
He told me he was bad So bad Mereka memberitahuku bahwa dia buruk Sangat buruk
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
144.
Komentar:
Komentar:
But I know he was sad -so sad Tapi kutahu dia hanya sedih Sangat sedih
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
145.
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
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Komentar:
Komentar:
I’ll never forget him Aku takkan pernah melupakannya
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
146.
Komentar:
Komentar:
The leader of the pack Sang pemimpin kelompok
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
147.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Look out Look out Look out Look Look out Not translated
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
148.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Disk 2 (03:27-03:35) Kontek situasi: Gloria menyusul Mumble yang diusir dari kelompoknya, ia merasa telah menemukan cinta sejatinya pada diri Mumble.
All the love in the world can’t be gone Seluruh cinta didunia Tak mungkin hilang
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
149.
Komentar:
Komentar:
150. All the need to be loved can’t be wrong
cxlv
Seluruh hasrat untuk dicintai Tak mungkin salah
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
Komentar:
Komentar:
Disk 2 (05:45-05:56) Kontek situasi: lima penguin Spanish bernyanyi saat Gloria memutuskan tidak ikut pergi bersama Mumble
If she leave him now Jika ia meninggalkannya sekarang
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
151.
Komentar:
Komentar:
She take away the biggest part of him Dia membawa pergi sebagian besar dari hidupnya
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
152.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Don’t, baby, please, don’t go Jangan, tolonglah jangan pergi
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
153.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Disk 2 (35:06 – 36:30) Kontek situasi: manusia akhirnya melarang penangkapan ikan secara besar-besaran di daerah kutub, seluruh penguin bernyanyi untuk merayakan hal tersebut.
Oh baby, right on Sayang. Lanjutkan
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
154.
Komentar: Komentar:
cxlvi
Looking back on when I Not translated
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
155.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Was a little nappy-headed boy Not translated
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
156.
Komentar:
Komentar:
It’s like a jungle sometimes Not translated
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
157.
Komentar:
Komentar:
It makes me wonder Not translated
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
158.
Komentar:
Komentar:
How I keep from going under Not translated
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
159.
Komentar:
Komentar:
160. Even though we sometimes Not translated
cxlvii
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
Komentar:
Komentar:
Would not get a thing Not translated
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
161.
Komentar:
Komentar:
We were happy with Not translated
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
162.
Komentar:
Komentar:
The joy the day would bring Not translated
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
163.
Komentar:
Komentar:
I wish those days Not translated
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
164.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Would come back once more Not translated
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
165.
Komentar:
Komentar:
cxlviii
Come back those days, those days Not translated
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
166.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Come back, don’t go -Come on back -Come on back Not translated
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
167.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Come here, babe. Come on back Kemarilah sayang. Kembalilah
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
168.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Come on back - Come on back Not translated
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
169.
Komentar:
Komentar:
I love them, I love them I love them, I love them Aku cinta mereka, aku cinta mereka
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
170.
Komentar:
Komentar:
cxlix
Those days, those days Those days, those days Not translated
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
171.
Komentar:
Komentar:
Those days Not translated
Keakuratan Keberterimaan
4 3 2 1 3 2 1
Komentar:
Komentar:
172.
*selesai*
JTerima kasih atas kerjasamanyaJ
KUESIONER TINGKAT KETERBACAAN TERJEMAHAN LIRIK LAGU PADA FILM ANIMASI BERJUDUL “HAPPY FEET”
Bacalah dengan teliti lirik lagu yang ada dalam kuesioner ini sambil melihat
film Happy Feet, lalu berilah tanda (√) pada salah satu kolom. Apabila kamu merasa
lirik yang dibaca mudah dimengerti cukup dengan sekali membaca, beri tanda (√)
pada kolom MUDAH. Jika lirik yang dibaca agak sulit dimengerti atau perlu
membaca dua kali, berilah tanda (√) pada kolom AGAK SULIT. Apabila kamu
merasa sulit mengerti dan perlu membaca berulang-ulang untuk memahami, berilah
tanda (√) pada kolom SULIT. Dan apabila kamu merasa sangat sulit atau tidak dapat
mengerti bahkan setelah berkali-kali membaca ulang, berilah tanda (√) pada kolom
SANGAT SULIT.
Latar belakang responden
cl
Nama :
Alamat :
No. Telepon :
Umur :
Pendidikan :
Lirik Mudah Agak Sulit
Sulit Sangat Sulit
Disk 1 (00:50 – 03.43) Kontek situasi: opening film Happy feet, Norma Jean seekor penguin betina sedang menyanyikan lagu hatinya untuk menemukan cinta sejati. Ketika ada jalan untuk pulang Apakah bintang-bintang hadir malam ini? Ketika ada jalan untuk kembali pulang Aku hanya punya sepasang mata Tidurlah Sayangku, jangan menangis Untukmu Dan akan kunyanyikan sebuah lagu Dengan lagu didalam hatiku Katakan padaku Katakan padaku hal yang indah Katakan padaku kau mencintaiku Katakan padaku Katakan padaku hal yang indah Hanya dirimu Bagaimana kau bisa yakin? Bisa membuat dunia ini benar Apakah hanya ada satu? Aku membutuhkan cintamu Ada banyak lagu, tapi aku merasa sangat kesepian
Dimanakah cinta? Kau tidak perlu cantik Untuk memikatku Aku hanya membutuhkan dirimu -Halo
Sejak senja hingga fajar -Dirikukah yang kau cari?
Kau tak perlu berpengalaman -Ambil
cli
Untuk memikatku -Sayap-sayap tak berguna ini
Serahkan saja padaku -Mari bicarakan soal telur, Sayang -Mari bicarakan tentang kau dan aku
Kau tak perlu menjadi kaya Untuk jadi kekasihku
Kau tak perlu jadi yang terkeren Untuk berkuasa di hidupku
Bukan hanya sekedar lagu biasa Yang cocok dengan diriku
Aku hanya menginginkan lebih… Teman-teman Berikan aku kesempatan Sejak kekasihku meninggalkanku Aku menemukan tempat baru Untuk bersandar
Terletak di ujung jalan kesepian Pada hotel patah hati Dan aku berkata, “Aku merasa sangat kesepian
Aku merasa sangat kesepian Aku merasa sangat kesepian… Aku bisa mati
Tak perlu kaya untuk jadi gadisku Tak perlu jadi yang terkeren Untuk berkuasa di hidupku
Kaulah duniaku Kaulah lagu yang cocok dengan diriku Aku hanya menginginkan Sedikit waktumu/ sedikit waktumu Dan ciumanmu/ dan ciumanmu
Disk 1 (12:30 – 12:40) Kontek situasi: Seymoure (penguin kecil) menyanyikan lagu hatinya saat kelas menyanyi. Jangan dorong aku Karena aku sudah di pinggir Aku berusaha tak kehilangan kepalaku Disk 1 (12:50 – 13:08) Kontek situasi: Gloria menyanyikan lagu hatinya saat kelas menyanyi. Malam merayap dengan perlahan Merasuk ke dalam hati mereka
clii
Yang membutuhkan Lebih dari yang mereka dapat
Siang hari membawa kesialan Pada seekor penguin Yang terlalu banyak bertaruh Disk 1 Group ( 21:42 – 22:27) Kontek situasi: pinguin-pinguin menyanyikan lagu bersama-sama saat kelas menyanyi, mengiringi kegundahan hati Mumble. Ada sebuah tempat yang bisa kudatangi Dan ceritakan rahasiaku
Di dalam kamarku
Sekarang telah malam dan aku...
...aku tak akan takut Di dalam kamarku Disk 1 Gloria (28:59 – 31:02) Gloria sebagai bintang kelas bernyanyi saat malam kelulusan Setiap pagi kubangun, aku sedikit mati Tidak mampu berdiri dengan tegak Lihatlah kedalam dirimu Lihatlah ke cermin dan sedikit menangislah Tuhan apa yang kau lakukan padaku? Kuhabiskan seluruh hidupku percaya pada diri-Mu
Tapi ku tak merasa lega, Tuhan Seseorang/ seseorang Seseorang/ Tolonglah
Dapatkah seseorang mencarikanku Seseorang untuk dicintai Dia telah berusaha keras -Setiap hari, Setiap hari
Oh aku mencoba dan mencoba dan mencoba Tapi semua orang ingin membuatku sedih Mereka bilang aku akan menjadi gila Mereka bilang aku bodoh Tak punya akal sehat Tak ada yang percaya padaku Sayangku, temukanlah aku
cliii
Ayo. Tepukkan siripmu ke udara Carikan aku seseorang untuk dicintai Carikan aku seseorang untuk dicintai Carikan aku seseorang untuk dicintai
Aku telah mencari kemana saja Aku telah mencari kemana saja Ya, ada seseorang di luar sana yang harus menemukanku
Seseorang, siapapun -Aku seseorang
Aku ingin mencintai seseorang Kirimkan seseorang ke sisiku Dapatkah seseorang carikanku Seseorang untuk…dicintai Disk 1 (42:55-43:02) Kontek situasi: Lovelace bernyanyi untuk berkomunikasi dengan roh mistis. Apakah ia masih hidup? Pisahkan kebenaran dari kabut Bicaralah padaku, roh-roh mistik Disk 1 Group (47:24 – 53:13) Kontek situasi: Gloria menyanyikan lagu hatinya, beberapa penguin jantan membalas nyanyian, termasuk mumble untuk memikat Gloria Jangan dorong aku karena Ku telah dekat di pinggir
Aku berusaha tak kehilangan Gloria..
Terkadang seperti di hutan Membuatku bertanya-tanya Bagaimana cara agar aku tak tersesat Malam merayap dengan pelan Merasuk ke dalam hati mereka yang Butuh lebih dari yang didapat
Siang hari membawa kesialan Kepada penguin yang Terlalu banyak bertaruh
Aku akan bermain denganmu Saat kau menginginkanku Dan aku akan memelukmu erat, sayang…Gloria kau memandang dirimu sendiri di dalam cermin Dan berkata, “Sayang…”
cliv
Goyangkan pinggulmu, goyangkan Tidak akan berhasil Kau ucapkan doamu Meskipun kau tak peduli Kau ucapkan doamu Meskipun kau tak peduli Teman-teman! Teman!
Sayang.. Secara perlahan Secara perlahan merasuk Kedalam hati mereka
Yang membutuhkan Lebih dari yang didapat
Siang hari membawa kesialan Pada penguin yang Terlalu banyak bertaruh
Kau memandang dirimu sendiri di dalam cermin Dan berkata, “Sayang… Ini tidak berhasil”
Kau ucapkan doamu meskipun Kau tak peduli
Kau menyanyi dan menggetarkan Semua orang …Menari!
Goyang tanah ajaib Menari
Goyang tanah ajaib Malam merayap dengan pelan Merasuk ke dalam hati mereka yang Butuh lebih dari yang didapat
Siang hari membawa kesialan Bagi penguin yang Terlalu banyak bertaruh
Kau memandang dirimu di cermin Dan berkata, “Sayang…ini tidak berhasil”
Kau ucapkan doamu meskipun Kau tak peduli
Kau menari dan mengguncang Semua orang
clv
…menari! Goyang tanah ajaib Menari, menari, menari Mumble
Goyang tanah ajaib Saudaraku Kau kelihatan begitu cantik sayang Semua cinta di dunia takkan hilang Mumble!
Hasrat untuk dicintai takkan salah Mumble!
Disk 1 (57:25-58:15) Kontek situasi: lima penguin Spanish bernyanyi mengiringi kepergian Mumble dari kelompok penguin setelah diusir pemimpin kelompok (Noah) karena dianggap sebagai pembawa bencana Orangtuaku selalu membuatnya sedih Sedih, sedih, sedih Mereka mengatakan ia berasal Dari sisi kota yang salah Dia berasal dari sisi kota yang salah Mereka memberitahuku bahwa dia buruk Sangat buruk
Tapi kutahu dia hanya sedih Sangat sedih
Aku takkan pernah melupakannya Sang pemimpin kelompok Disk 2 (03:27-03:35) Kontek situasi: Gloria menyusul Mumble yang diusir dari kelompoknya, ia merasa telah menemukan cinta sejatinya pada diri Mumble. Seluruh cinta didunia Tak mungkin hilang
Seluruh hasrat untuk dicintai Tak mungkin salah
Disk 2 (05:45-05:56) Kontek situasi: lima penguin Spanish bernyanyi saat Gloria memutuskan tidak ikut pergi bersama Mumble Jika ia meninggalkannya sekarang Dia membawa pergi sebagian besar dari hidupnya
Jangan, tolonglah jangan pergi Disk 2 (35:06 – 36:30) Kontek situasi: manusia akhirnya melarang penangkapan ikan secara besar-besaran
clvi
di daerah kutub, seluruh penguin bernyanyi untuk merayakan hal tersebut. Sayang. Lanjutkan Kemarilah sayang. Kembalilah Aku cinta mereka, aku cinta mereka
The List of Accuracy Measurement Scored by Raters
No. Data
Rater 1 Rater 2 Rater 3 Total Mean Category
1 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 2 4 4 4 12 4 A 3 4 4 4 12 4 A 4 4 4 4 12 4 A 5 4 4 4 12 4 A 6 4 4 4 12 4 A 7 4 3 3 10 3.3 B 8 4 4 4 12 4 A 9 4 4 4 12 4 A
10 4 4 4 12 4 A 11 4 4 4 12 4 A 12 3 3 4 10 3.3 B 13 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 14 4 4 4 12 4 A 15 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 16 3 4 3 10 3.3 B 17 3 4 4 11 3.6 B 18 4 4 4 12 4 A 19 4 4 4 12 4 A
clvii
20 4 4 4 12 4 A 21 4 3 4 11 3.6 B 22 4 4 4 12 4 A 23 4 2 3 9 3 B 24 4 4 4 12 4 A 25 4 4 4 12 4 A 26 3 3 3 9 3 B 27 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 28 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 29 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 30 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 31 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 32 4 4 4 12 4 A 33 4 4 4 12 4 A 34 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 35 4 4 4 12 4 A 36 4 4 4 12 4 A 37 4 3 3 10 3.3 B 38 4 4 4 12 4 A 39 4 4 4 12 4 A 40 4 4 4 12 4 A 41 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 42 4 2 2 8 2.6 B 43 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 44 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 45 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 46 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 47 3 4 4 11 3.6 B 48 4 4 4 12 4 A 49 4 4 4 12 4 A 50 4 4 4 12 4 A 51 4 4 4 12 4 A 52 4 4 4 12 4 A 53 4 4 4 12 4 A 54 4 4 4 12 4 A 55 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 56 4 4 4 12 4 A 57 4 4 4 12 4 A 58 4 4 4 12 4 A 59 4 4 4 12 4 A 60 2 4 3 9 3 B
clviii
61 4 4 4 12 4 A 62 3 4 3 10 3.3 B 63 4 4 4 12 4 A 64 4 4 4 12 4 A 65 4 4 4 12 4 A 66 4 4 4 12 4 A 67 4 4 4 12 4 A 68 2 4 4 10 3.3 B 69 4 4 4 12 4 A 70 4 4 4 12 4 A 71 4 4 4 12 4 A 72 4 4 4 12 4 A 73 4 4 4 12 4 A 74 4 4 4 12 4 A 75 4 4 4 12 4 A 76 4 2 4 10 3.3 B 77 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 78 4 4 4 12 4 A 79 4 4 4 12 4 A 80 4 4 4 12 4 A 81 4 4 4 12 4 A 82 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 83 4 4 4 12 4 A 84 4 4 4 12 4 A 85 4 4 4 12 4 A 86 3 4 4 11 3.6 B 87 4 4 4 12 4 A 88 4 4 4 12 4 A 89 4 4 4 12 4 A 90 4 4 4 12 4 A 91 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 92 4 4 4 12 4 A 93 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 94 4 4 4 12 4 A 95 4 4 4 12 4 A 96 4 4 4 12 4 A 97 4 4 4 12 4 A 98 4 4 4 12 4 A 99 4 4 4 12 4 A
100 3 2 3 8 2.6 B 101 4 2 4 10 3.3 B
clix
102 4 4 4 12 4 A 103 4 2 4 10 3.3 B 104 4 4 4 12 4 A 105 4 4 4 12 4 A 106 4 4 4 12 4 A 107 4 4 4 12 4 A 108 4 4 4 12 4 A 109 4 4 4 12 4 A 110 4 4 4 12 4 A 111 4 4 4 12 4 A 112 4 4 4 12 4 A 113 4 4 4 12 4 A 114 4 4 4 12 4 A 115 4 4 4 12 4 A 116 4 4 4 12 4 A 117 4 4 4 12 4 A 118 4 2 4 10 3.3 B 119 4 4 4 12 4 A 120 4 4 4 12 4 A 121 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 122 3 4 4 11 3.6 B 123 3 4 4 11 3.6 B 124 4 4 4 12 4 A 125 4 4 4 12 4 A 126 4 4 4 12 4 A 127 4 4 4 12 4 A 128 4 2 4 10 3.3 B 129 4 4 4 12 4 A 130 4 4 4 12 4 A 131 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 132 3 4 4 11 3.6 B 133 4 4 4 12 4 A 134 3 4 4 11 3.6 B 135 3 3 3 9 3 B 136 4 4 4 12 4 A 137 4 4 4 12 4 A 138 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 139 3 4 3 10 3.3 B 140 4 4 4 12 4 A 141 4 4 4 12 4 A 142 4 4 4 12 4 A
143 4 4 4 12 4 A 144 4 4 4 12 4 A 145 4 4 4 12 4 A 146 4 4 4 12 4 A 147 4 4 4 12 4 A 148 1 1 1 3 1 D 149 4 4 4 12 4 A 150 4 4 4 12 4 A 151 4 4 4 12 4 A
clx
Classification for accuracy
1. Classification A: 105 data (61.05%)
2. Classification B: 50 data (29.07%)
3. Classification C: 0 data
4. Classification D: 17 data (9.88%)
The List of Acceptability Measurement Scored by Raters
152 4 4 4 12 4 A 153 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 154 4 4 4 12 4 A 155 1 1 1 3 1 D 156 1 1 1 3 1 D 157 1 1 1 3 1 D 158 1 1 1 3 1 D 159 1 1 1 3 1 D 160 1 1 1 3 1 D 161 1 1 1 3 1 D 162 1 1 1 3 1 D 163 1 1 1 3 1 D 164 1 1 1 3 1 D 165 1 1 1 3 1 D 166 1 1 1 3 1 D 167 1 1 1 3 1 D 168 4 4 4 12 4 A 169 1 1 1 3 1 D 170 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 171 1 1 1 3 1 D 172 1 1 1 3 1 D
total 619 615 601 1835 608.7
No. Data
Rater 1 Rater 2 Rater 3 Total Mean Category
1 3 3 3 9 3 A 2 3 3 3 9 3 A 3 3 3 3 9 3 A
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4 3 3 3 9 3 A 5 3 3 3 9 3 A 6 3 3 3 9 3 A 7 3 3 3 9 3 A 8 3 3 3 9 3 A 9 3 3 3 9 3 A
10 3 3 3 9 3 A 11 3 3 3 9 3 A 12 3 3 3 9 3 A 13 3 3 3 9 3 A 14 3 3 3 9 3 A 15 3 3 3 9 3 A 16 2 2 3 7 2.3 B 17 3 3 3 9 3 A 18 3 3 3 9 3 A 19 3 3 3 9 3 A 20 3 3 3 9 3 A 21 3 3 3 9 3 A 22 3 3 3 9 3 A 23 3 3 3 9 3 A 24 3 3 3 9 3 A 25 3 3 3 9 3 A 26 2 3 3 8 2.6 B 27 3 3 3 9 3 A 28 3 3 2 8 2.6 B 29 3 3 3 9 3 A 30 3 3 3 9 3 A 31 3 3 3 9 3 A 32 3 3 3 9 3 A 33 3 3 3 9 3 A 34 3 3 3 9 3 A 35 3 3 3 9 3 A 36 3 3 3 9 3 A 37 3 3 3 9 3 A 38 3 3 3 9 3 A 39 3 3 3 9 3 A 40 3 3 3 9 3 A 41 3 3 3 9 3 A 42 3 3 3 9 3 A 43 3 3 3 9 3 A 44 3 3 3 9 3 A
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45 3 3 3 9 3 A 46 3 3 3 9 3 A 47 2 3 3 8 2.6 B 48 3 3 3 9 3 A 49 3 3 3 9 3 A 50 3 3 3 9 3 A 51 3 3 3 9 3 A 52 3 3 3 9 3 A 53 3 3 3 9 3 A 54 3 3 3 9 3 A 55 3 3 3 9 3 A 56 3 3 3 9 3 A 57 3 3 3 9 3 A 58 3 3 3 9 3 A 59 3 3 3 9 3 A 60 2 2 3 7 2.2 B 61 3 3 3 9 3 A 62 3 3 3 9 3 A 63 3 3 3 9 3 A 64 3 3 3 9 3 A 65 3 3 3 9 3 A 66 3 3 3 9 3 A 67 3 2 3 8 2.6 B 68 3 3 3 9 3 A 69 3 3 3 9 3 A 70 3 3 3 9 3 A 71 3 3 3 9 3 A 72 3 3 3 9 3 A 73 3 3 3 9 3 A 74 3 3 3 9 3 A 75 3 3 3 9 3 A 76 3 3 3 9 3 A 77 3 2 3 8 2.6 B 78 3 3 3 9 3 A 79 3 3 3 9 3 A 80 3 3 3 9 3 A 81 3 3 3 9 3 A 82 3 3 3 9 3 A 83 3 3 3 9 3 A 84 3 3 3 9 3 A 85 3 3 3 9 3 A
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86 2 3 3 8 2.6 B 87 3 3 3 9 3 A 88 3 3 3 9 3 A 89 3 3 3 9 3 A 90 3 3 3 9 3 A 91 3 3 3 9 3 A 92 3 3 3 9 3 A 93 3 3 3 9 3 A 94 3 3 3 9 3 A 95 3 3 3 9 3 A 96 3 3 3 9 3 A 97 3 3 3 9 3 A 98 3 3 3 9 3 A 99 3 3 3 9 3 A
100 3 3 3 9 3 A 101 3 3 3 9 3 A 102 3 3 3 9 3 A 103 3 3 3 9 3 A 104 3 3 3 9 3 A 105 3 3 3 9 3 A 106 3 3 3 9 3 A 107 3 3 3 9 3 A 108 3 3 3 9 3 A 109 3 3 3 9 3 A 110 3 3 3 9 3 A 111 3 3 3 9 3 A 112 3 3 3 9 3 A 113 3 3 3 9 3 A 114 3 3 3 9 3 A 115 3 3 3 9 3 A 116 3 3 3 9 3 A 117 3 3 3 9 3 A 118 3 3 3 9 3 A 119 3 3 3 9 3 A 120 3 3 3 9 3 A 121 3 3 3 9 3 A 122 2 3 3 8 2.6 B 123 2 3 3 8 2.6 B 124 3 3 3 9 3 A 125 3 3 3 9 3 A 126 3 3 3 9 3 A
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127 3 3 3 9 3 A 128 3 3 3 9 3 A 129 3 3 3 9 3 A 130 3 3 3 9 3 A 131 3 3 3 9 3 A 132 2 3 3 8 2.6 B 133 3 3 3 9 3 A 134 2 3 3 8 2.6 B 135 3 3 2 8 2.6 B 136 3 3 3 9 3 A 137 3 3 3 9 3 A 138 3 3 3 9 3 A 139 3 3 3 9 3 A 140 3 3 3 9 3 A 141 3 3 3 9 3 A 142 3 3 3 9 3 A 143 3 3 3 9 3 A 144 3 3 3 9 3 A 145 3 3 3 9 3 A 146 3 3 3 9 3 A 147 3 3 3 9 3 A 148 - - - - - - 149 3 3 3 9 3 A 150 3 3 3 9 3 A 151 3 3 3 9 3 A 152 3 3 3 9 3 A 153 3 3 3 9 3 A 154 3 3 3 9 3 A 155 - - - - - - 156 - - - - - - 157 - - - - - - 158 - - - - - - 159 - - - - - - 160 - - - - - - 161 - - - - - - 162 - - - - - - 163 - - - - - - 164 - - - - - - 165 - - - - - - 166 - - - - - - 167 - - - - - -
168 3 3 3 9 3 A 169 - - - - - - 170 3 3 3 9 3 A 171 - - - - - - 172 - - - - - -
total 457 461 463 1381 2.97
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Classification for acceptability 1. Classification A: 142 data (91.62%)
2. Classification B: 13 data (8.38%)
3. Classification C: 0 data
The List of Readability Measurement Scored by Raters
No. Data
Respondent 1
Respondent 2
Respondent 3
Total Mean Category
1 4 4 4 12 4 A 2 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 3 4 4 4 12 4 A 4 4 4 4 12 4 A 5 4 4 4 12 4 A 6 4 4 4 12 4 A 7 4 4 4 12 4 A 8 4 4 2 10 3.3 B 9 4 4 4 12 4 A
10 4 4 4 12 4 A 11 4 4 4 12 4 A 12 4 4 4 12 4 A 13 4 4 4 12 4 A 14 4 4 4 12 4 A 15 4 4 4 12 4 A 16 4 4 2 10 3.3 B 17 4 4 2 10 3.3 B 18 4 4 4 12 4 A 19 4 3 4 11 3.6 B 20 4 4 4 12 4 A 21 4 4 4 12 4 A 22 4 4 4 12 4 A 23 4 4 4 12 4 A 24 4 4 4 12 4 A 25 4 4 4 12 4 A 26 4 4 3 11 3.6 B
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27 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 28 4 4 4 12 4 A 29 4 4 4 12 4 A 30 4 3 4 11 3.6 B 31 4 4 4 12 4 A 32 4 4 4 12 4 A 33 4 4 4 12 4 A 34 4 4 4 12 4 A 35 4 4 4 12 4 A 36 4 4 4 12 4 A 37 4 4 4 12 4 A 38 4 4 4 12 4 A 39 4 4 4 12 4 A 40 4 4 4 12 4 A 41 4 4 4 12 4 A 42 4 4 4 12 4 A 43 4 3 3 10 3.3 B 44 4 4 4 12 4 A 45 4 4 4 12 4 A 46 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 47 4 3 3 10 3.3 B 48 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 49 4 4 4 12 4 A 50 4 4 4 12 4 A 51 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 52 4 3 4 11 3.6 B 53 4 2 2 8 2.6 B 54 4 4 4 12 4 A 55 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 56 4 4 4 12 4 A 57 4 4 4 12 4 A 58 4 4 4 12 4 A 59 4 4 4 12 4 A 60 4 3 3 10 3.3 B 61 4 4 4 12 4 A 62 4 4 4 12 4 A 63 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 64 4 4 4 12 4 A 65 4 4 4 12 4 A 66 4 3 3 10 3.3 B 67 4 4 4 12 4 A
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68 4 4 4 12 4 A 69 4 4 4 12 4 A 70 4 4 4 12 4 A 71 4 4 4 12 4 A 72 4 4 4 12 4 A 73 4 4 4 12 4 A 74 4 4 4 12 4 A 75 4 4 4 12 4 A 76 4 4 4 12 4 A 77 4 4 4 12 4 A 78 4 4 4 12 4 A 79 4 4 4 12 4 A 80 4 4 4 12 4 A 81 4 4 4 12 4 A 82 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 83 4 2 2 8 2.6 B 84 4 4 4 12 4 A 85 4 4 4 12 4 A 86 4 2 3 9 3 B 87 4 4 4 12 4 A 88 4 4 4 12 4 A 89 4 4 2 10 3.3 B 90 4 4 2 10 3.3 B 91 4 4 4 12 4 A 92 4 4 4 12 4 A 93 4 4 4 12 4 A 94 4 4 4 12 4 A 95 4 4 4 12 4 A 96 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 97 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 98 4 3 3 10 3.3 B 99 4 3 3 10 3.3 B
100 4 4 4 12 4 A 101 4 4 4 12 4 A 102 4 4 4 12 4 A 103 4 4 4 12 4 A 104 4 4 4 12 4 A 105 4 4 4 12 4 A 106 4 4 4 12 4 A 107 4 4 4 12 4 A 108 4 4 4 12 4 A
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109 4 4 4 12 4 A 110 4 4 4 12 4 A 111 4 4 4 12 4 A 112 4 4 4 12 4 A 113 4 4 4 12 4 A 114 4 4 4 12 4 A 115 4 4 4 12 4 A 116 4 3 3 10 3.3 B 117 4 3 3 10 3.3 B 118 4 4 4 12 4 A 119 4 4 4 12 4 A 120 4 4 4 12 4 A 121 4 4 4 12 4 A 122 2 2 2 6 2 C 123 2 2 2 6 2 C 124 4 4 4 12 4 A 125 4 4 4 12 4 A 126 4 3 3 10 3.3 B 127 4 3 3 10 3.3 B 128 4 4 4 12 4 A 129 4 4 4 12 4 A 130 4 4 4 12 4 A 131 4 4 4 12 4 A 132 2 2 2 6 2 C 133 4 4 4 12 4 A 134 2 2 2 6 2 C 135 4 4 4 12 4 A 136 4 4 4 12 4 A 137 4 4 4 12 4 A 138 4 4 4 12 4 A 139 4 4 4 12 4 A 140 4 4 4 12 4 A 141 4 4 4 12 4 A 142 4 3 4 11 3.6 B 143 4 3 4 11 3.6 B 144 4 4 4 12 4 A 145 4 4 4 12 4 A 146 4 4 4 12 4 A 147 4 4 4 12 4 A 148 - - - - - - 149 4 4 4 12 4 A
150 4 4 4 12 4 A 151 4 4 4 12 4 A 152 4 4 4 12 4 A 153 4 4 4 12 4 A 154 4 4 4 12 4 A 155 - - - - - - 156 - - - - - - 157 - - - - - - 158 - - - - - - 159 - - - - - - 160 - - - - - - 161 - - - - - - 162 - - - - - - 163 - - - - - - 164 - - - - - - 165 - - - - - - 166 - - - - - -
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Classification for readability
1. Classification A: 117 data (75.48%)
2. Classification B: 34 data (21.94%)
3. Classification C: 4 data (2.58%)
4. Classification D: 0 data
167 - - - - - - 168 4 4 4 12 4 A 169 - - - - - - 170 4 4 4 12 4 A 171 - - - - - - 172 - - - - - -
total 612 591 576 1779 3.83