i

AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

IN EDENSOR NOVEL BY ANDREA HIRATA

A GRADUATING PAPER

Submitted to the Board of Examiners as a Partial Fulfilment of theRequirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam (S.Pd.I)

English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education FacultyState Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga

By:

M SULKHAN HABIBI113 10 013

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (IAIN)

SALATIGA

2016

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MOTTO

“Do not blame your past, because the past will never change”

“Every successful person must have a failure. Do not be afraid to

fail because failure is a part of success”

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DEDICATION

This graduating paper is dedicated to:

1. My God Allah SWT who always gives his blessing.

2. My beloved parent, my Mother Sobariyati and my Father Salman, who teach

me to love Allah SWT and knowledge, thank for your sacrifices.

3. My beloved sisters Rofiqotul Asna and Mazida Afia, thanks for your

motivation, kindness, and love.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Assalamu'alaikum Wr. Wb.

Alhamdulillaahirrabil’aalamiin, All praise due to Allah, the Most

Gracious and the Most Merciful because of His wonderful blessing and His

Mercy, the writer was finished this graduating paper succesfully. The incredible

blessing made realized that nothing is impossible in the eyes. Thanks for your will

and blessing in my life.

Peace and salutation always be given to our beloved prophet Muhammad

SAW that we hope his blessing in Judgment day.

However, this success would not be achieved without the support,

guidance, advice, help and encouragement from individuals and instituions.

Therefore, the writer would like to express the deepest gratitude to:

1. Dr. Rahmat Hariyadi, M.Pd. as the Rector of State Institute for Islamic Studies

(IAIN) Salatiga.

2. Suwardi, M. Pd as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty.

3. Noor Malihah, M.Hum, Ph.D., as the Head of English Department and also as

the Counselor, who has allowed me to conduct this research and guided me

patiently in the process of accomplishing this graduating paper.

4. All of my friends in English Department ’10.

5. Thank also to all sides who help me, it is impossible for me to mention one by

one here, for the help, suggestion and guidance.

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Finally, this graduating paper is expected to be able to provide useful

knowledge and information to the readers.

Wassalamu'alaikum Wr. Wb.

Salatiga, March 12, 2016

The Writer

M SULKHAN HABIBI113 10 013

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TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE .................................................................................................................i

DECLARATION ...............................................................................................ii

ATTENTIVE COUNSELOR NOTES ...............................................................iii

STATEMENT OF CERTIFICATION ...............................................................iv

MOTTO .............................................................................................................v

DEDICATION ...................................................................................................vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................vii

TABLE OF CONTENT .....................................................................................ix

ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................xii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Research .............................................1

B. Research Questions...........................................................3

C. Objective of the Research .................................................3

D. Limitation of the Problem.................................................3

E. Benefits of the Research ...................................................4

F. Definition of the Key Terms.............................................5

G. Review of Previous Research ...........................................6

H. Outline of the Research.....................................................8

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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Semantics Analysis ...........................................................9

B. Figurative Language ........................................................11

C. Use of Figurative Language..............................................17

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH

A. Descriptive Qualitative ....................................................26

B. Biography of Author ........................................................27

C. Synopsis of Novel ............................................................30

D. Technique of Collecting Data ..........................................31

E. Technique of Data Analysis..............................................32

CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS

A. Using of Figurative Language in Edensor Novel .............33

B. Meanings...........................................................................41

CHAPTER V CLOSURE

A. Conclusion ........................................................................49

B. Suggestion.........................................................................50

C. Contribution of this Research to Language Teaching

...........................................................................................50

REFERENCES

CURRICULUM VITAE

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APPENDIX

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ABSTRACT

Habibi, Sulkhan. 2016. An analysis of figurative language in Edensor Novel byAndrea Hirata. A graduating paper. English Department of EducationalFaculty State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga. Counselor :Noor Malihah, M.Hum, Ph.D.,

Keyword : figurative language, kinds of figurative language, mean of figurativelanguage

This research is aimed at investigating figurative language in Edensornovel. The result of analysis have assumed 3 researches questions: 1. what aretype of figurative language found in the novel “Edensor”? 2. What is the meaningof figurative language found in the novel “Edensor”? 3. What is theimplementation of the results of this study toward English Language Teaching?.This is descriptive qualitative which the object of the research is any sentencescontaining figurative language in the Edensor Novel. To collecting data there arefour steps: 1. The writer read trough the Edensor novel and read the storycontaining in the novel. 2. Then, the writer searched any expressions usingfigurative language in the novel. 3. The writer took some notes about figurativelanguage and put information needed to figurative language. 4. The writer madethe code about kind of figurative language. The results of this researchdemonstrate that there are 6 types of figurative language in the Edensor novel.There are 20 sentences of simile, 8 sentences of metaphor, 6 sentences ofpersonification, 5 sentences of hyperbole, 1 sentence of synecdoche, and 4sentences of symbol.

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Research

Language is a systematic instrument of communicating ideas or

feelings by using sounds, gestures, or signs agreed (Brown 2007: 6). So, it

can be said that language is a tool to convey the whole meaning and

intention to others through communication. Language has many varieties,

including spoken and written language. Spoken language does not require

a clear sentence structure. In contrast to spoken language, written language

should use the proper structure in order to make the reader can understand

what the author wished to convey. Thus, a writer needs to consider the

correct structure and grammar.

A written text can be said “good” if the reader can understand what

the writers’ intentions. However, sometimes the author uses words to

embellish his writings in the form of a figurative language which is needed

more understanding to analyze the meaning inside. Affirm that figurative

language is a conspicuous departure from what users of a language

apprehend as a standard meaning of words or the standard order of word,

in order to achieve some special meaning or effect (Abrams, 1999:96).

Good figurative language is word use non in literature sense but of what

the writer’s feel sense, taste, expression, and purpose. Figurative language

has some elements, they are metaphor, simile, personification, paradox,

hyperbole, apostrophe, and metonymy (Kenned, 1983:481).

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The study of the figurative language is included into pragmatics.

Pragmatics involves the rules used for social language. That is the

essential language skill and social knowledge the enable to us understand a

conversation partner’s intended meaning, and respond in an appropriate

manner. In the use of figurative language, it should appropriate with the

circumstances and the person who use that language to convey their

intention through figurative language. Figurative language typically is

used by many poets. The poet uses a figurative language that the listener

or the reader curious about what is to be conveyed by the poet. The poet

also uses a figurative language that listeners or readers will pay more

attention to what is written or delivered by a poet.

Figurative language is also widely used in the form of novel. Novel

is a long story that presents in detail the development of a character or a

large complex social situation or a relationship involving many characters

or a complex event covering many years or complex relationship among a

few characters (Santos, 1965:4). Many novels are known in Indonesia.

One of them is a novel entitled “Edensor” which is one of tetra logy of

Laskar Pelangi written by Andrea Hirata a famous Indonesian Novelist.

Edensor novel is told about a person's education and the struggle to

achieve its goals. In this novel there are many sentences containing a

figurative language. The function of figurative language in the novel is to

make the readers have more concern about the literary work.

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Based on the above explanation the writer is interested in analyzing

the figurative language used in Edensor’s Novel. Therefore the writer is

interested in conducting analysis in the research entitled “AN ANALYSIS

OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE ON EDENSOR’S NOVEL BY

ANDREA HIRATA”.

B. Research Question

In this research, the writer would like to focus on the following

problems:

1. What are types of figurative language found in the novel “Edensor”?

2. What are the meanings of figurative language found the novel

“Edensor”?

C. Objectives of the Research

The objects of this research are:

1. To find out the types of figurative language found in the novel

“Edensor”.

2. To analyze the meaning of figurative language found in the novel

“Edensor”.

D. Limitation of the Problem

In the Edensor novel, there are many sentences using figurative

language. This study only focuses on figurative language exist in chapter 1

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through 20 of Edensor novel, because in those chapters there are many

sentences which contain figurative language. In this chapter the writer

almost has 50 sentences of figurative language. Therefore, the discussion

of figurative language in this study does not cover the entire Edensor

novel.

E. Benefits of the Research

The writer expects that the result of this study can give benefits

both for practical and theoretical which described as follows:

1. Practical

a. Teacher

For the teacher, the results of this study hopefully can be a

reference to the material taught in the classroom dealing with

figurative language.

b. Students

For the student, it is hopefully that the results of this study can help

them to increase their understanding about figurative language in

Edensor novel.

c. The writer

For writer, this study can help the writer to increase knowledge

about figurative language and also add the ability to write.

d. The Institutions

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For Institution, the results of this study can give contribute the

material’s development as teaching materials and syllabus.

2. Theoretical

The authors hope that this study may contribute to the

development of literature, especially for students who are interested in

the study of literature.

F. Definitions of Key Terms

The writer clarifies the terms to avoid a mistake in understanding

the above title:

1. Analysis

Analysis is the study of something by examining its parts and

their relationship (Oxford, 1995:38).

2. Figurative language

Abrams (1999:96) affirms that figurative language is a

conspicuous departure from what users of a language apprehend as a

standard meaning of words or the standard order of word, in order to

achieve some special meaning or effect.

3. Novel

Novel has certain messages that delivered by the author to the

reader. Stanton says that novel is a long story that present in detail the

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development of a character or a large complex social situation or a

relationship involving many characters or a complicated event

covering many years or complex relationship among a few characters

(Stanton, 1965:4).

4. Edensor novel

It is an interesting novel written by Andrea Hirata. He is an

Indonesian novelist. His debut novel rainbow troops (know in

Indonesia as Laskar Pelangi) shattered the national sales-record,

making him the bestselling author in Indonesia to date. Reached over 5

million readers and contributed significantly to the development of

modern Indonesian literature. This novel is a continuation of the

Rainbow novel that tells of the struggles of curls and Arai, Africa and

Europe. They resist cultural differences and struggle to achieve the

goals.

G. Review of Previous Researches

In this research, the writer would like to analyze the use of figurative

languages used in Edensor novel. To make sure that this research is

original, the writer would like to present other researches that have close

relation with this study.

The first research is conducted by Rohmah (2007). In her research,

the figurative language that used in Gola Gong’s novel, there are 10 kinds

of figurative language. She also has taken the literary elements of that

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novel. She classified the literary elements into 2 kinds. There were

intrinsic and extrinsic elements. She explained that the novel is the

effective and influential literature.

The second review related to this research by Tyas (2010). In her

thesis, she found that there are 10 figurative expressions in three

categories. They were Comparative, imagery, and contradictory. In other

side, she explained about the message from this movie.

The third research conducted by Marlangen (2011). In her thesis, she

has analyzed that there were 10 figurative expressions in three categories.

They were Comparative, imagery, and contradictory. She also has taken

the denotative and connotative meanings that are used in that movie.

Besides that, this movie explained that it has very important to give the

trust each other especially to relatives.

This research has same theme and objectives with the first research

but not for title. The novel title of the research is Gola Gong’s novel “Bila

Waktu Bicara”.

This research has same theme with the second and third research.

This research is not concern analyzing the figurative language in the

movies but concern in the novel.

H. Outline of the Graduating Paper

Chapter I : This chapter is the Introduction which consist the

explanation of the Background of the Research, Research

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Questions, Objectives of the Research, Limitation of the

Problem, Benefits of the research, Definition of key term,

Review of Previous Research, Research Methodology and

Outline of Paper.

Chapter II : This chapter is the Literature Review which contain of the

explanation based on Theory of Frame Work, Semantic

analysis, Figurative Language, Use of Figurative Language.

Chapter III : This chapter is Research Methodology which includes

Descriptive Qualitative, Biography of the Author, Synopsis

of the Novel, Technique of Collecting Data, Technique of

Data Analysis.

Chapter IV : This chapter is Data Analysis which contains Distribution

of Using of Figurative Language in Edensor Novel, meaning

of figurative language used in Edensor Novel.

Chapter V : This chapter is the Conclusions, the Suggestions and

Contribution of this Research to Language Teaching.

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CHAPTER II

REVEW OF RELATED THEORIES

A. Semantic analysis

Semantic is study of meaning in language (Hurford, Heasley, and

smit, 2007:1). In language learning much meaning is contained in

sentences spoken. Many factors affect in terms of the interpretation of a

sentence delivered. As well as saying "good" with a low tone, the word

containing the word praise. However, if the word "good" is said in a tone

of high intonation, it could mean being angry or sarcastic something

undesirable. Body movement or attitude of bias it also affects something

spoken. As well as saying "good", but with a sullen face, the word is not

possible to be interpreted praise. The word connotes certainly do not like

something.

Meaning is expressed by just one word is utterly wrong and an

obstacle to recognizing the complexities in meaningful expression and in

the meaning expressed (Kreidler, 1998:58). In a sentence or a word, there

are actual earnings or hidden meaning desired. Meaning in a word it also

depends on the words that followed. As I have the money. In the sentence

the word "money" meaning it contains any item or verifiable record that is

Generally Accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of

debts in a particular country. In contrast to the phrase "time is money". In

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the word "money" is not the real meaning of money, but have a sense of

something that is very important and valuable.

Meaning are divided into 2: sekundery and primery (Larson, 1998).

The primary meaning is the meaning of learned since childhood and the

meaning is in the word even when the word is not in a context. Primary

meanings include lexicall, denotative and literal. Meaning on the other

hand, second meaning is often called the secondary meaning. That is the

meaning of linguistic units that can only be identified through the use of

language context. Secondary meanings include grammatical, connotative

and figurative meaning.

Grammatical meaning is the meaning that comes as a result of the

grammatical process. Connotative is another meaning that is added to the

denotative meaning associated with the value of sense of a person or group

of people. As with the first example that has been told, the word "money"

has a real sense or does not come out of existing meaning. Connotation

and the second meaning is the cluster of attitudes that the lexeme may

evoke. In the second example, the word "money" that is not an actual

meaningful but out of the usual rules of meaning. As with the first

example that has been told, the word "money" has a real sense or does not

come out of existing meaning. Connotation and the second meaning is the

cluster of attitudes that the lexeme may evoke. In the second example, the

word "money" that is not an actual meaningful but out of the usual rules of

meaning.

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In this study, the writer chose to analyze figurative language used

in Edensor novel by Andrea Hirata. The writer discussed in detail about

figurative language in the following section.

B. Figurative Language

Figurative language can be called figure of speech. It is s change

from the ordinary manner of expression, using words in other than their

literal sense to enhance the way a thought is expressed. According to Wren

and Martin (1995:297), figure of speech is a departure from the ordinary

form of expression, or the ordinary course of ideas in order to produce a

grater effect. Figure of speech conveys meaning that cannot be expressed

exactly. In other ways, they convey the great deal in a shorter time that

would otherwise be possible, and they are immediate because they embody

the meaning in imagery instead of expressing it abstractly (Potter,

1967:56-57).

It is often associated with literature and with poetry in particular.

However the fact is, whether the people are conscious of it or not, the

people use figure of speech every day in their writing and conversations.

Using original figures of speech in writing is a way to convey meaning in

fresh, unexpected ways. Figures can help the reader understand and stay

interested in what they have to say. For example, common expressions

such as “falling in love”’ “racking our brain”, “hitting a sales target”, and

“climbing the leader of success” are all metaphor.

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Figurative language is not intended to be interpreted in a literal

sense. Appealing to the imagination, figurative language provides new

ways of looking at the world. It always makes use of a comparison

between different things. Figurative language compares two things there

are different in enough ways so that their similarities, when pointed out,

are interesting, unique and or surprising.

Figurative language is expressed by means of metaphor or other

figure of speech. Figurative language is addicted to or abounding in

figures of speech (Webster, 1994:350).

1. Types of Figurative Language and Their Meaning

There are 7 kinds of figurative language expressions. Although

each expert has their own definition about type of figurative language,

but they share the same essence.

a. Simile

Simile is a comparison between two objects or objects of

different types, but it has a point in common. Simile usually marked

with the word: like, as, so, Appear, seem, more than (Siswantoro,

2002: 24). According to wren and martin (1981:480) simile is as a

comparison made a comparison between two objects of different kind

which have, however, at least one point in common. Siswantoro

(2002:25) gives examples of simile in (1a).

(1a) My love is like a red, red rose,

That’s newly sprung in June.

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(1b) My mother plant red rose.

Example (1a) is to use the sentence that contains connotative

because it uses sentences that are not real. In these examples the

authors want to express that the red rose is not the real flower. But the

characteristic of the blooming red rose is compared to love. The red

rose in (1b) mean the real flowers and rose whish were planted by

mother.

b. Metaphor

Metaphor is like a simile. Metaphor also compare between

objects that have a common point, but without the use of certain words

such as: like, axles, etc Siswantoro (2002:27).

The general term that be will use for the figure of speech that

make up figurative language is metaphor, much as the term imagery,

which narrowly rivers to visual phenomena, is nevertheless used to

cover other sense impressions as well (Potter, 1967:53). The basic

process of metaphor is the comparison of things that are largely

dissimilar, but have at least one characteristic in common. The

metaphor process is that something is being compared, explicitly or

implicitly to something else. Metaphor is inherent not only in

imaginative literature but in all speech and writing because of its

precision, economy, and immediacy as well (Potter, 1967:56).

Kennedy (1983:482) affirms metaphor is a statement that one

thing is something else, which, in literal sense, it is not. It does not use

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connective words such as like or as. A metaphor is used as a figure of

speech to similar an object or person to another object or person, based

on certain similar qualities that both possess. Through a direct

comparison, this is a type that is not applicable literally. The use of

metaphors however, intensifies the significance of what is being said.

Siswantoro (2002:27) gives examples of metaphor in (2a).

(2a) He was a lion in the fight.

(2b) I see the lion in the forest.

Example (2a) he acted a like a lion. Lion in (2b) is actually

person having similar qualities to the icon itself. However in example

(2b), lion show a denotative meaning because it real to a wild animal,

that is the king of jungle.

c. Personofication

Personification is the depiction of inanimate objects or not

human either invisible or abstract which are treated as if they were

humans Siswantoro (2002:29). According to Frederick (1988:48),

Personification is a figure that bestows human traits on anything non-

human; it gives the attributes of a human being to an animal, an object

or a concept. Siswntoro (2002:27) gives examples of personification in

(3a).

(3a) The old train crept along the narrow path.

(3b) My baby starts to crept.

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Example (3a) contains connotative meaning because the author

wants to convey on an old train which crawled slowly along the

narrow road. Heared that the train was treated like an old man with the

word "crept". Example (3b) slims denotative meaning because the

word “crept” is the real meaning of activity done by a baby who is

learning to crept.

d. Hyperbole

Hyperbole is used by the poet in the portrayal of objects, ideas

and others to give weight to excessive pressure to obtain intense effects

Siswantoro (2002:34). According to Wren and Matin (1981:491)

hyperbole statement is made emphatic by overstatement. According to

Perrine (1963:91) Hyperbole is simply exaggeration, but exaggeration

in the service of truth. Siswantoro (2002:34) gives example of

hyperbole in (4a).

(4a) I am able to fill it with tears.

(4b) She laughed to tears.

In example (4a) the word tear mean the real tear coming out

from one’s eye. It shows connotative meaning representing an effort

done by “I” in filling it (the river). On the other hand, the word tear in

(4b) refers to the real want coming out from one’s eyes. This (4b)

slims a denotative meaning.

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e. Synecdoche

Synecdoche is a style that is reflected in the packaging portion

manifestations, but already includes a whole Siswantoro (2002:39).

Most of something already covered for all cases mentioned.

Siswantoro (2002:39) gives example of synecdoche in (5a).

(5a) He has many mouths to feed.

(5b) He talks with her mouths.

The word mouth in (5a) slims a connotative meaning,

especially means of manifestation of the people. The people mouths

told is probably his family at home. On the other hand, moth in (5b)

show part of one’s body to eat or to speak, this is denotative meaning.

f. Paradox

Paradox is part of a style that uses contradictory phenomenon,

but if examined actually show the truth Siswantoro (2002:41).

According to Perrine (1974:649) paradox is an apparent contradiction

that is nevertheless somehow true. Siswantoro (2002:39) give example.

(6a) The poorest man is the richest, and the rich are poor.

(6a), Shows a contradiction between the “poorest” and the

“riches” which are actually true.

g. Symbol

Symbol is something more that we can catch Siswantoro

(2002:43). According to Perrine (1974:628) a symbol may be defined

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as something that means more than what is it. Siswantoro gives

example in (7a).

(7a) Some dirty dogs stole my wallet at the bus.

(7b) A black dog is rubbing its back again a wall.

Example (7a) shows a symbol used to present a thief in the

form of “dirty dog”. So, it is not actually the dogs which are dirty. But

it symbolizes the thief’s behavior which is like a dirty dog. While in

(7b), the black dog refers to dog as an animal which is black.

C. Use of Figurative Language

Figurative language comes in creative writers using metaphor,

analogy, symbols and more to stir the reader's imagination and bring out

the emotion and understanding that can't be expressed by the words

dictionary meaning alone.

Generally, figurative language is used to improve the speech with

artificial language. It makes the sentence more interesting, fresh, and more

obvious. This the way of the writer to use language as the device to

expressing and the hidden feeling thought. Figurative language makes

literary work more meaningful. In addition, it also can avoiding monotony

on the characteristic and make easily get bored. This is can use for the

reader or writer to explain their idea.

Figurative language in literature has a very important role in the

creations of the image of the literary work, because the beauty of the

literary work can be supported with the use of figurative language.

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Figurative language in literary works can bring up and develop an

appreciation of the reader. Readers can enter in a literary work with the

figurative language being used.

According to Nurgiyantoro (2009: 297), the use of figurative

language or heating may generate impressions and a certain atmosphere, a

certain sensory responses and embellish the narrative, which means

supporting the goals of aesthetic literature. Similarly, the use of figurative

language plays a role in the delivery of a person's intent. Sometimes a

person can be different interpretations of the intent expressed through

stylistic others. Sayuti (1985: 124) add that Figurative language is a means

or a tool to clarify the description of the idea, concretize an idea and grow

a new perspective through comparative.

According to Pradopo (1993: 62), the presence of figurative

language can make a literary work into attracting attention, life, and lead

to wishful picture clarity. Function is figurative language to describe

something in literature to be clear, vivid, intense, and exciting. The use of

figurative language can be aimed at generating impressions and a certain

atmosphere, a certain sensory responses, as well as embellish the narrative,

which means that support the goals of literary works. Thus, the functions

arising from the use of figurative language is diverse but all the functions

it still aims to build aesthetic values in literature.

According to Perrine (1978), figurative language has several uses.

First, the writer can say what he wants to say more vividly and forcefully

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by figures than he can by saying it directly. Second, figurative language is

another way of adding extra dimensions to language. Third, imaginative

figurative language affords us pleasure. Fourth, it is a means of

concentration, a way of saying much in brief compass.

Narrative used in everyday life can also be found using forms of

figurative language, but its function is different in the use of figurative

language in literary works. If the narrative of everyday use of figurative

language serves to accelerate understanding, due to the use of a common

form of usage of the literary figure of speech actually slow

comprehension. This caused other forms of figure of speech used in the

literature is the new forms, and the authors are free to choose figure of

speech according to the needs, tastes, and creativity.

According to the opinions that have been mentioned, it can be

concluded that there are several different functions of figurative language

in literature. So that the functions of figurative language in the study of

this theory is to concretize, clarify the picture, emphasize the narrative or

emotion, turn the picture, evoke certain impressions and atmosphere,

shorten the writing and the narrative and describe the feelings of

characters. The discussion about the functions of the figurative language

can be seen as follows.

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a. Concretization

Picture painted concrete function author is abstract, alien or

something less plausible, so the authors take the comparison a

more familiar or easier to be understood, concrete or real.

According to Parrine (1989: 26) states that the figure of speech is

quite effective in conveying the intention of the author, because the

figure of speech can be concretely something abstract. According

to Waluyo (1987: 81), concrete is used to describe a painting

circumstances or moods with the intent to arouse the imagination

of the reader. Poet trying to concretize words meaning is sought in

order to come to a comprehensive sense. Asmara (1955:38) gives

an example of concretization in (1a).

(1a) Endra min’s more widespread, extending away on

everywhere.

(1b) Harto garden’s even more widespread since buying his

neighbors.

Example (1a) is a metaphor that serves to concretize

picture. Abstract mind is something that cannot be seen and not the

form but as if the mind can be held or seen by humans. Endra

erratic mind as if it could change shape like a rubber which can be

elongated. Rubber is an elastic thing which can be wide, whereas a

person's mind if much of an issue mind expanding. And example

(1b) explains the real thing, that Harto has a very large garden.

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b. Clarify the picture

According to Suyuti (1985: 124), figurative language is a

tool or a means to clarify the picture. According to Badrun (1989:

26), figurative language is an effective way to express things

clearly. Function of clarify the picture, which depicted the poet is

something that is unusual or might happen in real life, so the

picture than to be clear and more real (Sayuti, 1985: 98). Asmara

(1955:17) gives an example of clarify the picture in (2a).

(2b) Susilawati entered the room and make everyone

stunned, all eyes are on his.

(2b) The man's eyes glanced to Susilowati.

Example (2a) contains synecdoche which serves to clarify

the pictures is called the parts to the whole. Eyes is one of the

members of the human body to refer to all members. That is people

who are in the room. Figurative language is used to explain the

picture is clear that the views of all those heading to Susilawati as

impressed by his beauty. The use of all eyes refer to all members of

the body that people see Susilawati. And example (2b) words eyes

have real meaning. The eyes are one of the senses that point to see

something.

c. Emphasizes narrative and emotion

Functions of figurative language in the study of this theory

to emphasize the narrative in this study are the hyperbolic figure of

22

speech. According to Badrun (1989: 49), hyperbole can be used to

intensify statement or emotion. Something that exaggerates be

impressed emphasize the narrative so that the reader can imagine

through excessive impression that despite the fact that it was not

possible. Asmara (1955:15) gives an example of Emphasizes

narrative and emotion in (3a).

(3a) Endra started difficult and sad, he quiet and dreamy to

touch the sky.

(3b) The night sky is very dark as it is covered by clouds.

Example (3a) contains hyperbole serves to determine the

narrative. Obviously not possible mind can touch the sky. That

mind everywhere so disclosed to touch the sky. In the example (3b)

word sky has a real sense. In this example we are told that there

will be rain. Under mending sky is thick and the stars are covered

by clouds.

d. Turning on the picture

Function to turn an idea to the study of this theory is widely

used in the personification figure of speech. The poet deliberately

allegorized what he described with human traits, so that the picture

seems to be alive and more interesting. According to Pradopo

(1993: 75), personification indeed functioned to turn something

lifeless. That is giving an overview to something inanimate to the

animate such as humans, so all could do as was done by humans

23

who were created as animate beings. So that is an inanimate object

seems to be alive. Asmara (1955:19) gives an example of turning

on the picture in (4a).

(4a) Looking at the mist shrouded Mount Merapi, which

looking like a giant sitting.

(4b) Mount Merapi is one of the mountains that are active

in Indonesia.

The example (4a) contains a personification of that function

to turn something lifeless. Mount Merapi is an inanimate object as

if it can act like a man that is covered and sits like a giant. And the

example (4b) tells us that there are many mountains are active in

Indonesia and one of them is someone Mount Merapi.

e. Evokes impressions and a certain atmosphere

Figurative language has a function to generate impressions

and a certain atmosphere, for example, it was quiet, eerie,

romantic, busy, and so on. The use of figurative language would

give the impression of purity, freshness, even shocking, and

therefore become effective (Nurgiyantoro, 2009: 297). Asmara

(1955:10) gives an example of evokes impressions and a certain

atmosphere in (5a).

(5a) All the guests clapped and cheered repeatedly until his

voice would tear down the building SGA.

24

(5b) When the tsunami in Aceh, many buildings collapsed

because of exposure to sea were struck.

In the example (5a) these quotations contain a simile which

serves to evoke an impression or a certain atmosphere that bustling

atmosphere. The functions contained in the phrase voice will tear

down the building as SGA. The phrase describes the atmosphere in

the building at the time before the show begins. Guests cheered and

clapped loudly that made the atmosphere lively. And the example

(5b) expression of the building collapsed is the true meaning and it

is caused by the presence of sea water that rose to the mainland

Aceh.

f. Shorten the narrative and writing

Figurative language has a function to shorten the narrative.

That is stating something mean by language shorter. According to

(Waluyo, 1987: 83), figurative language is a way to present a lot

and spacious with a brief language. Figurative language can be

used to summon something with dimensions much in the form of

the shortest (Sayuti, 1985: 75). Thus, the author can save the use of

words or obtaining effectiveness of the use of the word. Asmara

(1955:71) gives an example of shorten the narrative and writing in

(6a)

(6a) We should give thanks to Allah, may we always

remember and be grateful that our sins are forgiven.

25

The example (6a) contains a metonymy that serves to

shorten the writing and the narrative that is the word of Allah. The

author uses the word Allah so impressed shorten the writing of

which is to replace God in his mercy.

g. Depict a feeling of character

Figurative language can serve to describe the feelings of

characters. The author is utilizing figurative language to describe

the shape of the inner state of characters such as happiness or

distress. According to (Waluyo, 1987: 99), the language is a way to

increase the intensity of the feeling of the poet and convey the

attitude of the poet. Asmara (1955:35) gives an example of depict a

feeling of character in (7a).

Example:

(7a) When I see the pain, my heart like a revoked his life’s.

(7b) He is a child who is revoked of his life by robbers.

The example (7a) contains a simile which serves to describe

the feelings that appear on said revoked his life. The simile likens

lost heart like his life is revealed touched and sad feelings .and the

example (7b) word revoked his life a real meaning. Here are

robbers who were robbing a bank and kill children who become

prisoners.

26

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter the writer discussion the research methodology including

general methodology, biography of the author, synopsis of the novel, technique of

collecting the data, and technique of data analysis. Furthermore, it will assist the

author in collecting the data in chapter IV. In this chapter include qualitative

descriptive.

A. Descriptive Qualitative

The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method.

According to Van der voordt (2002:5), descriptive research is about

describing how reality occurs. Descriptive research focuses not only on

collecting data, but also focuses in the meaning of the data that has been

taken.

Qualitative research is a research procedure that produces

descriptive data in the form of speech or writing and behaviors of people

are observed. A qualitative approach is expected to generate the

descriptions depth of speech, writing, or behavior, that can be observed

from an individual, group, community, or certain organizations in a setting

particular context studied from the point of view of the whole,

comprehensive, and holistic. Qualitative research aims to understanding of

the general nature of the social reality. That understanding is not

determined in advance, but obtained after conducting an analysis of the

social reality focus of research.

27

B. Biography of Author

The author of this novel is Andrea Hirata Seman Said Harun. He

was born on the island of Belitung October 24, 1982. He is the fourth child

from Seman Said Harunayah dan NA Masturah. He was born in a poor

village and is located on the remote and isolated island. Lived in a village

with all the limitations of his personal influence is quite small. He's got a

lot more motivation of the circumstances surrounding the condition was

alarming.

Andrea Hirata actually is not the name of a gift from his parents.

Since birth he was named Aqil Barraq Badrudin. Then, he replaced his

give name with the new name Wadhud. However, he still felt burdened by

that name. Then he changed his name back into Andrea Hirata Seman Said

Harun.

Hirata is taken from the name of the village and not the name of

the Japanese people as he seemed. He is a genuine teen Belitung which

began to bear the name of Andrea Hirata. He grew up as the village child

in general. With all the limitations, he remained a cheerfully child who

sometimes become a thinker while studying at school. In addition, he also

often has dreams in the future.

As recounted in the Rainbow novel (Laskar Pelangi), little Andrea

learn that conditions in schools that was very unfit for use.

Muhammadiyah elementary school named is recognized Andrea really

very alarming. However, funding constraints, he was forced to go to

28

school the place like a cattle pen. He has to learn in buildings that are not

comfortable. He has a pretty big motivation in terms of learning. At school

that he met with friends dubbed the Rainbow Warriors.

He admired Miss Muslimah as one of inspiration in his life. Being

a writer he claimed because the figure of a Miss Muslimah. Since the third

grade of elementary school, Andrea has completed the determination of his

to become a writer depicting Miss Muslimah as a teacher. "When I grow

up, I will write about Miss Muslimah" said Anggun singer's fans. Since

that time, Yates never ceases to learn to write stories.

After Andrea becoming a famous writer. He is very busy with

writing activities and speakers in events concerning the world of literature.

Her income also includes the highest as a writer. However, some parties

had doubts about the content of the Rainbow novel (Laskar Pelangi)

deemed excessive. "This is a novel, so it's normal if there is a story that is

slightly revamped" said Andrea. He also had a dream of living in Kye

Gompa. It is the highest village in the world, located in the Himalayas.

Success as a writer certainly makes Andrea proud and happy over the

result of his hard work over the years.

Andrea felt proud and happy because Laskar Pelangi appointed as

a movie by Mira and Riri Riza. "I believe in their abilities" says Andrea.

Moreover film camp of the rainbow was watched by the president to 6. He

is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.

29

Being a famous novelist might not be imagined by Andrea Hirata

little time. Striving to the achieve higher education course very difficult

time of it. But, with struggle and toil endlessly, Andrea can success as the

author tells the story of her childhood filled with flaws.

C. Synopsis of Novel

This novel is a continuation of the novel of the Dreamer (Sang

Pemimpi). The novel tells about the trip of Ikal and Arai in Europe and

Africa. Down the cultural differences, the adventure of love and the old

dream is still hidden.

A baby born premises name Aqil Barraq Badrudin. He was the four

child of his parents. Actually, when it contains her mother wanted a

woman, because of her four children were boy.

Although it is bear a beautiful name. Aqil Barraq Badrudin. But, it

turned into a very naughty boy, and often makes mischief. This often

makes his parents become dizzy.

First suddenly changed with the presence of a girl named A Ling.

Everyone was surprised by the changes that happen to Ikal. He was

behaving like a man who was drink romance after meeting with A Ling.

After that, Ikal and Arai lived together in the future Belitong to

high school level. Then Ikal was a student in Bandung and Arai is a

student in Kalimantan. After that they were together again after following

the selection tests scholarship to Europe. Unexpectedly, they turned out to

30

be equally got a scholarship from the European Union to continue S2 at

the Sorbonne, Paris, France.

Arai and Ikal took nearly 16 hours of travel from Indonesia to the

Netherlands. Arriving in Holland, they both picked up a flawless charming

woman. She was Mrs. Famke Somers. She drove him to a rented flat

where they would stay. Unfortunately, due to a misunderstanding they

both were expelled from these places and spend the first night in the city

park in the middle of the cold that pierced the body.

After a time, the lecture begins. They were brought together people

of various nationalities. Ikal met a German girl. She is Katya. She has

perfect form. Katya then established love with Ikal. However, his love for

A Ling made Ikal could not undergo the story longer. He finally decided to

be friend with Katya. Ikal is very loving A Ling. Unfortunately he did not

know the whereabouts of the line eyed woman. She could be in Singapore,

in Africa or even Europe.

In the course of their college years, Ikal and his friends tell so

bored, so they decided to go around Europe for 3 months. The one were

able to surround the State was the winner. The bet was actually made to

find A Ling. They started the journey from the Netherlands. With Arai, he

managed to circumnavigate some beautiful countries in Europe.

Unfortunately, Arai get a problem whit his respiratory disease. So he

should go home to Indonesia. Finally Ikal decided to return to his

apartment in France. He was welcomed by the news that the tutor would

31

be retiring soon and he was advised to go with him to a place called

Sheffield in England.

Ikal was on the way in Seffield by bus. He enjoy the views through

the window for an hour. Then bus climbed a high hill. On the way he

passed a very beautiful village and decided to stop. He was still amazed

that it has been able to dream he saw with his own eyes. As if in disbelief,

then Ikal asked someone to tell the name of the place. He replied "sure lof,

it's Edensor ...".

D. Technique of Collecting Data

Procedure of collecting data was using technical documentation.

So, the writer requires the note for records to collect data. Here are the

procedures of collecting data that had been used by the writer:

1. The writer read trough the Edensor novel and read the story containing

in the novel.

2. Then, the writer searched any expressions using figurative language in

the novel.

Example:

The first time I saw her, or her nails, to be exact, I felt as if I had been

embraced by the current of the Linggang River, Swam together with

dolphins, and the been picked up by millions of fireflies and flown

toward the stars.

3. The writer took some notes about figurative language and put

information needed to figurative language.

32

Example:

The first time I saw her, or her nails, to be exact, I felt as if I had

been embraced by the current of the Linggang River, Swam

together with dolphins, and the been picked up by millions of

fireflies and flown toward the stars. Simile

4. The writer made the code about kind of figurative language. That

was Simile (Sim), Metaphor (M), Personification (P), Hyperbole

(H), Synecdoche (Syn), symbol (sym) and Paradox (P).

E. Technique of Data Analysis

The writer used the technique in collecting data documentation.

Then the writer analyzed the data obtained. To represent the data analysis,

the writer used procedures below:

1. The writer rewrites the sentence of figurative language contained in

Edensor novel.

2. The writer classified then paraphrased the meaning of the sentences

from figurative language containing Edensor novel in a denotative/

real meaning.

3. The writer explained the implementation of the results of sentence

of figurative language toward English Language Teaching.

33

CHAPTER IV

DATA ANALYSIS

In this chapter, the writer answers all the problems that exist in the

problem statement started in Chapter I. The writer explores what figurative

language are used by Andrea Hirata in Edensor novel, lest of figurative language,

mean of figurative language and the implementation of in language teaching.

A. Using of Figurative Language in Edensor Novel.

From the novel, the writer found several figurative language used

in various away. The figurative language show in table 4.1

Table 4.1 the figurative language in Edensor Novel.

No The Kind ofFigurative Language

Example OfFigurative Language

Code

1Similes

Then a terrible illnesschanged his live. Hegot a hernia, adreadful one thatcaused his scrotum towell up like a balloon,to the point he waslimping.

1/Sim/2

“so stubborn! Jus likeyour mother!”

2/Sim/2

“so stubborn!”“You are stubborn!Jus like your mother!”“You could have diedfor no reason!”

3/Sim/6

“So that is yourmom’s character foryou, if you wanted toknow! Hard as a wire!I was various!”

4/Sim/18

During fasting month,I use crowbar to put

5/Sim/21

34

holes in some bamboobooks, then filled themup with water andcarbide an aimed themtoward the windows ofthe mosque while theentire village did theirtarawih prayer. Thecarbide gascompressed inside thenarrow bamboo holeboomed like a cannonafter I lit the fuse. Thecongregationscattered.There was no perfectposition for him totake. He was likeAbraham beingordered by god toslaughter his childIsmael.

6/Sim/26

Aria, Weh And MakBirah were for me likeOscar Reutervard’simpossible trianglewith dimensionsdifficult to translate,with angles full ofanomalies.

7/Sim/37

I felt like a squirrelbusily carrying itsnuts, a turtle shrinkingwithin its carapace, ora snail hiding behindits shell.

8/Sim/46

Within the warmconfines of SchippolAirport, we had noidea that the coldoutside would be asfierce as a ferociouswild animal’s bide.

9/Sim/56

It was definitelyDutch, since the soundwere all formed in the

10/Sim/62

35

throat, has like athundering bear. Thatdreett noise roared outagain, then it wentquite.Simon was very talland whiskery, relaxedbut scary, sitting withhis head bent over atable like a scavengerbird hovering over itsprey.

11/Sim/63

I was stunned to see ablack figure, vaguelycovered by fog,soaring high in the skylike a ghost.

12/Sim/78

The Eiffel tower waslike a great lady.

13/Sim/78

Marcus tie and jacketcomplete as Harvardalumni attendinginterviews for animportant position inMicrosoft. Christianwas like Spidermanwhile being ordinary.

14/Sim/104

Katya was still like ano-man’s land atoll inthe Pacific: beautiful,contested but unableto be owned byanymore.

15/Sim/107

There we were jokinglike one family

16/Sim/112

I stepped along like adecrepit woodenskeleton.

17/Sim/126

"What I said before!Any word from mefirst! Right! The

18/Sim/127

36

influence of money islike whistling iblis! "

Out teeth chatteredlike percussion bones.Our finger and toeswrinkled and sitting.

19/Sim/67

The sun blazeddirectly overhead. Thehead cookedmercilessly, asphaltmelted. My stomachwas empty, my throatdry. I stepped alonglike a decrepit woodenskeleton.

20/Sim/39

2 Metaphor

The shark drew close,grey giants that wereplainly far larger that Ihad imagined. Theyare the elephants ofthe sea.

1/M/6

Night crept. The acedemon of the northpole began to prowl. Itset about biting ourearlobes, whistling,and then clawingagainst our cheeksbefore penetrating ourbodies, stabbing ourbones, freezing solidtheir marrow.

2/M/67

Night crept. The acedemon of the northpole began to prowl. Itset about biting ourearlobes, whistling,and then clawingagainst our cheeksbefore penetrating ourbodies, stabbing ourbones, freezing solidtheir marrow.

3/M/67

He was all right. He 4/M/101

37

signaled his assent byswaying his headrhythmically.His eyes were those ofa baby, too. His roundeyes seemed to alwaysbe smiling.

5/M/102

The battle was over!Cease fire! Katya wasfound her choice. Oola la, Who could havebeen the lucky knighton a white horse? Hemust have beenhandsome andsplendid.

6/M/113

In Surbone every day Ipoisoned sciencethough I were likechildren who slumpedchasing quail parentgrouse.

7/M/103

Katya subtle nod, givethe code, all threesimultaneouslypressed the button fortheir watches, exactlyequate timecommander of the eliteforces to seizewarehouse operationsweapon. Thepresentation begins.

8/M/109

3

Personification

For a time, Weh haddoing well, evenenjoying a respectableposition in his class.Then a terrible illnesschanged his live.

1/P/2

The first time I sawher, or her nails, to beextracted, I felt as if Ihad been embraced by

2/P/33

38

the current of theLinggang River, swamtogether with dolphinsand then been pickedup by millions offireflies and flowntoward the star.The temperature wasgoing to dropdrastically. And herewe were, exposed,wandering around inthe open, feedingourselves into demonicfangs of winter. Araibought candle in alittle store, whichpromptly closed shop.

3/P/40

Approaching the Eiffeltower, I placed myhand on her. She stillignored me. Especiallynow, as she grew moreand more beautifulbecause daybreak hadarmed up her burly,black shining arms.

4/P/79

There we were jokinglike one family. EveryFriday, we forgetabout the courseworkmounting byperforming ritualcrawling pub: creepingfrom pub to pubaround Paris, till threein the morning.

5/P/83

There wasn’t acreature to be seen, allwere safety ensconcedin some hole trying toprotect themselvesfrom the snow’sferocious assault.

6/P/67

39

4 Hyperbole

The sun blazeddirectly overhead. Thehead cookedmercilessly, asphaltmelted. My stomachwas empty, my throatdry. I stepped alonglike a decrepit woodenskeleton.

1/H/39

It is Sunday. And I justhappened to be in theoffice. If hadn’t, youwouldn’t even havebeen able to comethought that fence.

2/H/64

Often, MVRC Majoorpawned off almosteverything on hisbody. Early the nextmonth he would berich and a stranger tous one again and wewould owe him.

3/H/103

They were happy toget drunk. Quite oftenthey are drunk beganFriday afternoon andMonday morningdawns.

4/H/105

Malaysian work hardthroughout their life,basing their skin andbones, sweating blood,smothered bepunishing trial andthose who gave upsimply had no place intheir heart.

5/H/90

5 Synecdoche

He was posing hisburly frame learningrakishly against arounder’s bat. Yetthere was somethinghidden in his eyes. His

1/Syn/2

40

grind belied distance,pain.

6 Symbol

Those snide tactics,which had broughtCassanova success inemptying his heard, aswell as the wallets ofhundreds of woman.

1/Sym/106

I felt there was a pipeinserted in my mouthand helium pumpedinto my chest. Then Ifloat like a gasballoon, heading theceiling.

2/Sym/115

The helium that filledmy chest exploded andI broke apart intothousands of rosepetals, falling from theceiling spreading outto fill up the library.

3/Sym/116

In Surbone every day Ipoisoned sciencethough I were likechildren who slumpedchasing quail parentgrouse.

4/Sym/20

The table 4.1, it can be seen that there 6 kind of figurative language

used in Edensor Novel. The 6 kind of figurative language used in Edensor

novel is similes, metaphors, personifications, hyperboles, synecdoche, and

symbol. Among the 6 kinds often appear used in figurative language is

simile. The writer assumed this figurative language is became the main

character (Ikal) in him life. Often compares 2 different things in his

imagination as one thing. So, the appearance of simile became more

41

appear that other. On the other hand, synecdoche is the least appear kind of

figurative language. This is because the writer assumed kind of figurative

seldom to use in novel. In the next section, the writer is demonstrating the

meaning of figurative language in Edensor Novel.

B. Meaning

Based on table 4.1 it is seen that there are kinds of figurative

language in Edensor novel. In this section the writer analyses the meaning

of ach data in table 4.1 base on the description each figurative language in

chapter 2.

1. Simile

There are made of simile in Edensor Novel as show in table

4.1. The writer analyses the mean of simile based on the theory in

chapter 2.

(1/Sim/2) Then a terrible illness changed his live. He got a

hernia, a dreadful one that caused his scrotum to well up like a

balloon, to the point he was limping.

The meaning in the sentence (1/Sim/2) is to use the sentence

that contains connotative because it uses sentences that are not real. It

is compare about the scrotum whit the balloon. He got illness. His

limping was big. So, the author was describes his scrotum like

balloon.

(4/Sim/18) “So that is your mom’s character for you, if you

wanted to know! Hard as a wire!”.

42

The meaning in the sentence (4/Sim/18) is the word of wire is

not real meaning. It is compare about the characters ikal mom’s. She

had hard character. Everybody can’t change her character. So, the

author was describes her character whit the wire.

(5/Sim/21) During fasting month, I use crowbar to put holes in

some bamboo books, then filled them up with water and carbide an

aimed them toward the windows of the mosque while the entire

village did their tarawih prayer. The carbide gas compressed inside

the narrow bamboo hole boomed like a cannon after I lit the fuse. The

congregation scattered.

The meaning in the sentence (5/Sim/21) the word canon is

denotative meaning. The sound of a loud bang created around the

mosque during tarawih prayer. The voice considered like to the sound

of cannon fire in war. The sound made peoples surprised when

performing tarawih prayer.

(7/Sim/37) Aria, Weh And Mak Birah were for me like Oscar

Reutervard’s impossible triangle with dimensions difficult to translate,

with angles full of anomalies.

The meaning in the sentence (7Sim/37) is word Oscar

Reutervand’s is denotative meaning. It is the relationship between

Arai, Weh, and Mak Birah inseparable as the side of a triangle. It

always complementary and don’t separate.

43

(9/Sim/56) Within the warm confines of Schippol Airport, we

had no idea that the cold outside would be as fierce as a ferocious

wild animal’s bide.

In the sentence (9/Sim/56) the word animal’s bide is

denotative meaning. The writer mean temperature was extreme cold.

That was never felt Arai and Ikal. They feel so cold that depicted with

a bite of a very savage beast.

(10/Sim/62) It was definitely Dutch, since the sound were all

formed in the throat, has like a thundering bear. That dreett noise

roared out again, then it went quite.

In the sentence (10/Sim/62) the word thundering bear is not

real meaning. The meaning is the voice come from the mouth of the

bear. Voice of bear came out of the esophagus. The voice was heavy

considered like to the sound of a bear.

(11/Sim/63) Simon was very tall and whiskery, relaxed but

scary, sitting with his head bent over a table like a scavenger bird

hovering over its prey.

In the sentence (11/sim/63) word scavenger bird is denotative

meaning. It compared about Simon position and the scavenger bird.

Simon posture is tall and large. It supported by his relaxed attitude. It

considered like a scavenger bird is waiting. It wanted to eat the foot.

None of the other birds may be approaching.

44

(12/Sim/78) I was stunned to see a black figure, vaguely

covered by fog, soaring high in the sky like a ghost.

In the sentence (12/Sim/78) the compare between Eifel tower

and ghost. In the sentence draw condition around Eifel tower. The

writer considered like The Eifel tower with ghost. It because the

situation of around Eifel tower was fog. The Eifel tower looked like

scary. It looked a ghost.

(13/Sim/78) The Eiffel tower was like a great lady.

The word great lady in sentence (13/Sim/78) is denotative

meaning. The writer described the Eifel tower like a great lady. This is

the shape and size of the Eifel tower. It is very high and very large. A

lady is usually big and tall.

2. Metaphor

There are made of metaphor in Edensor Novel as show in table

4.1. The writer analyses the mean of metaphor based on the theory in

chapter 2.

(1/M/6) The shark drew close, grey giants that were plainly far

larger that I had imagined. They are the elephants of the sea.

The word elephants of the sea (1/M/6) is denotative meaning.

The condition was Ikal fishing in the sea. He looked big fish. It is the

shark. Then the writer described that like elephant of the sea.

(2/M/67) Night crept. The ace demon of the north pole began

to prowl. It set about biting our earlobes, whistling, and then clawing

45

against our cheeks before penetrating our bodies, stabbing our bones,

freezing solid their marrow.

The word crept (2/M/67) is not real meaning. The sentence is

combination night and crept. The night is a time and the crept is baby

moving. So, the sentence meaning is come the night.

(6/M/113) The battle was over! Cease fire! Katya was found

her choice. Oo la la, Who could have been the lucky knight on a white

horse? He must have been handsome and splendid.

In the sentence (6/M/113) Is denotative meaning. This

sentence storied about the winner. He is who got the heart of Katya.

Katya was selected someone. He is described is a very superior than

other.

3. Personification

There are made of personification in Edensor Novel as show in

table 4.1. The writer analyses the mean of personification based on the

theory in chapter 2.

(1/P/2) For a time, Weh had doing well, even enjoying a

respectable position in his class. Then a terrible illness changed his

live.

In the sentence (1/P/2) is not the real meaning. It described

about Weh condition. The word terrible illness is a stat that is not

wanted by anyone. That is because everyone would not want a

disaster. The word terrible is equated with something could take a life.

46

(2/P/33) The first time I saw her, or her nails, to be extracted, I

felt as if I had been embraced by the current of the Linggang River,

swam together with dolphins and then been picked up by millions of

fireflies and flown toward the star.

In this sentence (2/P/33) is denotative meaning. The writer

showed about Ikal feeling. He was very happy. He not to be

interpreted and equated with hug of Langgang river. Langgang river

was very wide and long as ikal feeling toward Aling.

(4/P/79) Approaching the Eiffel tower, I placed my hand on

her. She still ignored me. Especially now, as she grew more and more

beautiful because daybreak had armed up her burly, black shining

arms.

In the sentence (4/P/79) showed about Eiffel tower. It is

denotative meaning. It talked about parts of Eiffel tower. It equated to

a person’s arm. In here means the upper parts of Eiffel tower. When it

exposed to sunlight, it look more beautiful.

4. Hyperbole

There is using of hyperbole in Edensor Novel as show in table

4.1. The writer analyses the mean of hyperbole based on the theory in

chapter 2.

(2/H/64) It is Sunday. And I just happened to be in the office. If

hadn’t, you wouldn’t even have been able to come thought that fence.

47

In the sentence (2/H/64) talked about someone was arrogant.

He talked when he not in the office, Arai and Ikal could not to enter,

although in there had a guard. Here he feel most had the authority in

the office.

(5/H/…) Malaysian work hard throughout their life, basing

their skin and bones, sweating blood, smothered be punishing trial

and those who gave up simply had no place in their heart.

In this sentence (5/H/…) talked about Malaysian ability.

People of Malaysia always work hard. They not know about the time

and condition, although a hot condition and difficult condition. They

are persistence to do something. It made them endure harsh living.

5. Synecdoche

There is made of synecdoche in Edensor Novel as show in

table 4.1. The writer analyses the mean of synecdoche based on the

theory in chapter 2.

(1/Syn/2) He was posing his burly frame learning rakishly

against a rounder’s bat. Yet there was something hidden in his eyes.

His grind belied distance, pain.

In the sentence (1/Syn/2) is took circumstances. It made Weh

always feel pain. The flavor is always visible in the eyes. The word

eyes include or represent the entire n all of bodies.

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6. Symbol

There is made of symbol in Edensor Novel as show in table

4.1. The writer analyses the mean of symbol based on the theory in

chapter 2.

(1/Sym/106) Those snide tactics, which had brought

Cassanova success in emptying his heard, as well as the wallets of

hundreds of woman.

In the sentence (1/Sym/106) show the symbol of figurative

language. It explained about love. The word emptying his heart is

defined by him love. To getting him heard, he could ask anything of

woman.

(4/Sym/20) In Surbone every day I poisoned science though I

were like children who slumped chasing quail parent grouse.

In the sentence (4/Sym/20) is tell about knowledge. The word

poisoned is giving knowledge continuously. The science is not

accordance. It is very hard for Ikal.

49

CHAPTER V

CLOSURE

This chapter presents the conclusions of this research and suggestion to the

readers and for further research. The writer will present one after another in the

following sections.

A. Conclusions

After finished chapter 1 until chapter IV, in this chapter the writer

come a conclusions concerning the research question in the first chapter.

Referring to the previous chapter, Chapter IV which deals the analysis of

figurative language used in of a Edensor Novel. Finally the writer can

draw the conclusion and give the suggestion that hopefully will be useful

for other writer. As Edensor Novel as the examples being analyzed. The

results of the data analysis are varied:

1. In the chapter II, the writer had 7 kinds of figurative language, they

are:

(1) Simile, (2) metaphor, (3) personification, (4) hyperbole, (5)

synecdoche (6) paradox and (7) symbol.

2. Meaning of figurative language is various. The writer found 20

sentences of simile in the Edensor Novel. It consist 18 used like and 2

used as. Then the writer found 8 sentences about metaphor, 6 sentences

about personification, 5 sentences about hyperbole, 1 sentence about

synecdoche, and 4 sentences about symbol. The writer not found

50

sentence of paradox from Edensor Novel. There are dependent in the

object compare in the data.

B. Suggestions

Based on the research result, the writer would like to give some

suggestion likely.

1. From the using figurative language, we can understand type of

figurative language.

2. figurative language learning with a novel, an understanding of

figurative will be easier

3. With the novel, examples of figurative language are more widespread.

4. For readers, especially anyone who likes to read novels. Understand

figurative language very important because a lot of figurative

contained in novel.

5. The writer hopefully this research can give benefits to the readers

especially knowledge about pragmatics and semantics.

C. Contribution of this Research to Language Teaching

Figurative language in study English language, the student will

know about meaning in the sentences. In the sentences have denotative

and connotative meanings. Denotative meaning is the real meaning, and

connotative meaning is the not real meaning. Farther more, the students

understanding about figurative language in connotative meaning, they are

51

know about meaning in the sentences studying English language or in the

literature.

By understanding the types of figurative language, the students in

English Education Department will be able to use figurative language

around as their communication objectives.

Then, the English Lecturer and the Department of English

Education, especially for pragmatic, will be more conscious to give an

example of figurative language. This is because the figurative language are

important to be understood when they do not know about figurative

language, there will be a miscommunication, especially dealing with

lexical meaning and contextual understanding of speech.

52

REFERENCES

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Hufford, B. Heasly, Smit. 2007. Semantic a Cause Book. London: CambridgeUniversity Press

Kedney, X. J. 1983. An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry and Drama. Boston

Toronto, USA, Litle Bround and company

Keidler, W. 1998. Introducing English Semantics. London: Roudladge 11 NewFetter Lane

Simpson. J, Weiner. E, Oxford Advanced Leaner’s Dictionary. 1994. OxfordUniversity Press: Fifth Edition

Parrine, L. 1978. Sound and Sense: An Introduction to Poetry. New York:

Harcord Brace Jovanovic INC

Rohmah. 2007. The figurative language that used in Goa Gong’s Novel. A

graduating paper. English Department of Educational Faculty State

Institute for Islamic Studies (STAIN) Salatiga.

Siswantro. 2002. Apresisi Puisi-Puisi Sastra Inggris. Surakarta: Univrsity Press

2002

Soeharto, Bahar. 1989. Menyiapkan Penelitian dan Penulisan Karya

Ilmiah(Skripsi-Thesis). Bandung: Tarsito

Sumanto. 1945. Methodology Sosial dan Pendidikan. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset

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Tyas. 2010. The using of figurative language in twilight movie. A graduating

paper. English Department of Educational Faculty State Institute for

Islamic Studies (STAIN) Salatiga

Webster, Mariam. 1994. The New Lexicon Webster’s Dictionary of the English

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Wren and Mariam. 1995. English Grammar and Composition. New Delhi:S.Chand and Company LDT

54

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Muhammad Sulkhan Habibi

Students Number : 113 10 013

Date of Birth : October, 08 1990

E-mail : habibisulkhan@gmal.com

Telp : 085 640 033 345

Education :

1997 – 2003 : Program Primary School (SDN) 02 Wiroyudan,

Desa Tingkir Tengah, Kec. Tingkir Kota Salatiga.

2003 – 2006 : Program Junior High School (MtsN) Salatiga.

2006 – 2009 : Islamic Senior High School (SMA I) Sunan Gunung

Jati, Ngunut, Tulungagung.

2010 – 2016 : English Education Department Teacher Training and

Education Faculty State Institute for Islamic Studies

(IAIN) Salatiga.