Amy M. Glaspey, Ph.D., CCC-SLPCSD 480

http://visitmt.com/experiences/day_in_the_life/the_blackfoot_confederacy/

5 million Native Americans in 1492 in North America

250,000 at the end of the 19th Century 4.3 million currently in US European Conquest 1492-1800 Assimilation and “Re-education” 1800-1900 1900-Present

Right to self-government Health care, Education access Foster Tribal language, culture

Religious Origins◦ Spirituality; connection with health◦ Interconnection of all living things

Language Origins◦ Estimated to be over 1,000 languages at one time◦ Grouped into 8 categories◦ Modern culture, English is primary language

Low SES; 25% at poverty level High proportion of younger generation (50%

under 20) 562 Federally recognized tribal groups Diverse groups; mixed degree of

acculturation

Harmony with Nature, respect for the land Table on p. 117 regarding Pueblo Indian

Culture Appendix A summarizes contrasting beliefs Time orientation: present-time orientation Family: includes extended family Group membership and consensus valued “Being in becoming” acceptance of how things

are Self-sufficiency at an early age

Differences in valued milestones—first laugh

http://www.nativetimes.com/life/commentary/5464-se-ruckman-chi-dlo-dil-the-laughing-party

Education◦ Historically, Family educated or trained by a mentor

for specific skills◦ Storytelling emphasized

Humor◦ Common, may be used as a form of reprimand

Child Rearing◦ Includes extended family members◦ Discipline and decision making

Medical Care◦ May have no health insurance◦ Indian Health Services; Tribal services; Other health

care resources

Prevalence p. 125◦ Related to infectious diseases◦ Unintentional injuries

Causation◦ Could be supernatural Witchcraft, spirit loss, spells . . . ◦ Could be natural Alterations of “balance”◦ May seek tribal healers in addition to professionals

Part of the natural process of life Respect for the elderly Personal items may be included in burial or

destroyed “Walking on” ◦ Title of obituaries? Couldn’t find

Naming ceremony after 1 year of age, because of high infant mortality

Given your backgrounds, what experiences have you observed regarding Native American cultures?

P. 131-134

What would you do? P. 134

Cultural Courtesies and Customs p. 136-137

Significant Cultural Events/Holidays/Practices p. 138-139

http://www.opi.mt.gov/Programs/IndianEd/IEFAVideo.html

http://www.opi.mt.gov/Programs/IndianEd/Index.html

Native Language Greetings! (on left)

http://connect.opi.mt.gov/p29813405/

http://www.opi.mt.gov/programs/indianed/online.html

SLP at Bear Paw Cooperative

UM Graduate Working at Harlem, Ft.

Belknap, Hay/Lodgepole; previously at Rocky Boy

http://www.harlem-hs.k12.mt.us/activities.aspx