amrdec aviation pres - copy.aspx
DESCRIPTION
General information on the goals and objectives of the Army's FVL technology development initiative.TRANSCRIPT
US Army Aviation S&TUS Army Aviation S&T
10 July 2013
This information product has been reviewed and approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Review completed by the AMRDEC Public Affairs Office 1 Jul 2013; PR0001.
Presented by:
Dr. Bill LewisDirector, Aviation Development Dir.
U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center
Presented to:
2 AMRDEC CSD HDC Edwards_AAAA04-12.pptx
Aviation AppliedTechnology Dir.Ft. Eustis, VA
Aeroflightdynamics Directorate
NASA Ames–Moffett Field, CA
AMRDEC HQRedstone Arsenal Huntsville, AL
AMRDEC Aviation S&T MissionAMRDEC Aviation S&T Mission
• Manage and conduct basic research (6.1), applied research (6.2), and advanced technology development (6.3)
• Provide one-stop life cycle engineering and scientific support for aviation systems and UAS platforms
• Mature technology to maintain relevance of current fleet• Develop and mature technologies to support the future fleet
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Bottom Line Up FrontBottom Line Up Front
• Aviation S&T supports both the current helicopter and future rotorcraft fleets in improving survivability, performance, and affordability
• Current efforts are focused on platforms, power, survivability, vehicle management, and operations support and sustainment
• Future efforts are focused on Future Vertical Lift (FVL)– Joint Multi-Role (JMR) Technology Demonstrator (TD)– Focus on Transition to PEO Aviation
Army Aviation S&T balances the needs of the current and future fleets
Current Future
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The Rotorcraft Technical Challenge
The Rotorcraft Technical Challenge
Complex, highly interactive physical phenomena…major scientific barriers remain
Shock induced flow separation
Retreating blade
Low angle of attackCompressibility, shocks Transonic drag divergence
Free Stream
UT V r
• Rotor wake geometry• Tip vortex formation
& core structure• Blade-vortex interaction (BVI)
near & close encounters• Fuselage flow; bluff body wakes• Interference flows - main/tail rotors,
fuselage, ground effect• Hover, transition, forward flight regimes
High angle of attackAirfoil stall, dynamic stallReverse flow
Basic rotor aerodynamicsin forward fight
Advancing blade
UT V r
Free Stream
Flow field featuresMulti-disciplinary phenomena
Power
Angle of Attack
5 1 - AMRDEC Overview.pptx
Aviation S&T Focus and Technology Areas
Aviation S&T Focus and Technology Areas
Concept Design and Assessment
PowerPlatform
Mission Systems Sustainment
• Structures• Aeromechanics/Rotors• Vehicle Mgt & Control • Subsystems
• Engagement and Effects
• Survivability • Teaming, Autonomy &
Info Mgmt• Human Sys Interface • Avionics / Networking
• Engines & Other Power Sources
• Drives
Basic Researchdisplacement
force
pitc
h-li
nkst
iffne
ss
0 60 120 180 240 300 360-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
Flap
Hin
ge R
otat
ion
(deg
)
Azimuth (deg)
HealthyFaulty
0 60 120 180 240 300 3602000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Verti
cal H
inge
Loa
d (lb
s)
Azimuth (deg)
HealthyFaulty
*one blade shown for clarity
Pitch Rod Wear / Play Representation
Rotor Aero-Elastic Model
hub
pitch rod
swash plateassembly
scissors assembly
f ixed system
shaf textender
f lap/lag/pitchhinges
lag damper
blade
Flap HingeRotation (deg)
Pitch Rod Load (lb)
ControlSystem Model
Hinge Load (lb)
Vertical Flap
Rotor Aeroelastic Models
Force Signals (3)
Moment Signals (3) ElectronicsModule
PowerHarvester
InertialSensors
Spherical Bearing Thrust Bearing
Spherical Bearing
Thrust Bearing
MDOF Main Rotor Motions & Loads
Energy Harvester
Load Sensor
Harvester Circuit, Microprocessor, and RF Transmitter
RF Antenna
Rod-End Loads
Push-Rod Loads
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Focus Area ActivitiesFocus Area Activities
Power• Increased Fuel Efficiency• Lightweight Drive Trains• Improved Reliability and Durability• Reduced Weight/Vibration• Alternative Concept Engines
• Joint Multi-Role Technology Demonstrator*
• Rotorcraft Airframe Technology• Lightweight, Durable, & Damage
Tolerant Structures• Advanced Flight Control Systems• Reduced Vibrations• Reduced Acoustic Signature• Adaptive Vehicle Management• Improved Vehicle Performance• Advanced Rotors• Aircrew Protection
Platforms
Sustainment• Reduced Maintenance Actions• Improved Reliability• Improved Mission Readiness• Reduced Spares Logistics• High Reliability Prognostics/Diagnostics
Mission Systems• DVE Mitigation• Common Human Machine Interface• Increased Levels of Autonomy • Manned-Unmanned Intelligent Teaming• Cognitive Decision Aiding• Reduced Vehicle Signatures• Advanced Threat Protection• Weapons Integration
• Advanced Concept Studies & Design• Attribute and Effectiveness Assessment
Concept Design & Assessment
• Rotor Aerodynamics• Flow Control• VLRCOE
Basic Research
Gather Desired
Capabilities
Set Sizing Constraints
Execute Sizing
Explore Design Space
Generate Output/Reports
Mission Description Geometry ConstraintDesign Loadings
Mission(s)Military LoadFlt Envelope
Draft Platform Specification
Tech Factors
Vehicle Description &Performance
ParametricTrade-offs
RepresentativeConcept
Identification
Gather Technology
Inputs
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Basic ResearchFocus Area
Basic ResearchFocus Area
Notional 35,000lb FVL230+ KTAS cruise
Vertical Lift ResearchCenters Of Excellence (J17)
Computational structures/fluidsmethod development
6.1 (H45) ILIR (91A) Example Thrust: FVL Compound 35,000lbs 230+KTAS• Compressibility and blade stall effects impact max range• Interactional aerodynamics of rotor and wing • Complex computational structures/fluids tools required to
understand– Is there a way to push the aerodynamics of the wing and rotor in a way that reduces the rotor speed change requirement and simplifies the variable speed drive problem?
Experimental investig. of phenomenon Such as lift, drag, stall, and flow control
• Fulfills vital role in AMRDEC Portfolio • Resources IN-HOUSE DOD SMEs and facilities• Pursuit of longstanding technology/physics barriers• Transitions to AMRDEC 6.2 and 6.3 programs• RX / TX to other Tech Areas within ADD
• Looking at the un-invented GAPS can be:• Flight performance limiters of existing or proposed aircraft • Validation of methods, tech factors, new ideas into design
space• Analytical/predictive methods used in aeromechanics• Understanding of fundamental physics critical to flight
• 3 funded POM Project lines in the Basic Research Focus Area• Close collaboration with other DoD agencies (ARL, ARO, NAVY), NASA SME’s and facilities• University collaboration using Grants, Post Docs, VLRCOE, and international collaboration using MOAs and MOAs with France, Germany, and Israel
8 FileName.pptx
PlatformPlatform
Major Thrusts
Apply technology solutions to aerodynamic performance, cost, crew protection and sustainment gaps and demonstrate payoffs to aviation airframe, rotor, and flight control / vehicle management systems.
Major Identified Gaps
Current R/W platforms fall short in hover and cruise aerodynamic performance, pilot workload and handling qualities, battlefield sustainment and survivability, and procurement and sustainment costs.
• Rotorcraft Airframe Technology• Platform Durability and Damage Tolerance• Advanced Flight Control Systems• Reduced Vibrations• Reduced Acoustic Signature• Adaptive Vehicle Management• Improved Vehicle Performance• Advanced Rotors• Aircrew Protection
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High Strain Rate Effects Modeling
Key Technologies• Embedded / virtual sensors• Smart structures • Low area-density armor • Adaptive energy attenuation • Self repairing structures
Multi-functional Structures
Non-linear Analyses
Multi-body and Dynamic Response Modeling
Large, Integrated Structures
Structures and Subsystems S&TStructures and Subsystems S&T
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Key Technologies• Improved Airfoils• Active On-Blade Control• Rotor Durability and Vibration Control• Optimum Speed Rotor• Lightweight Actuators and
Integrated Control System
Rotors /Aeromechanics Provides the Foundation for Significant Increase In Affordably and Operational Capability
Rotors/AeromechanicsRotors/Aeromechanics
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Key Technologies• Autonomous Guidance • Partial & Full-authority Architectures • Adaptive /Re-configurable Systems
Active Controllers
Vehicle Management/ControlsVehicle Management/Controls
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12
Power Focus Area
Drive Systems Engine Demonstrators Engine Components
Payoffs:• Increased mission radius• Increased payload capability• Significant O&S cost savings
• Decreased maintenance downtime• Increased mission availability• Reduced crew fatigue
Explore, develop and transition critical engine, drive, and maintenance technologies that enhance the effectiveness of Army Aviation
• Improve the power-to-weight ratio, specific fuel consumption, durability and cost of turboshaft engines• Improve the weight, noise, and durability and cost of rotorcraft drive systems• Improve the effectiveness of aircraft maintenance methods, techniques and equipment
Objectives:
13 AMRDEC CSD HDC Edwards_AAAA04-12.pptx
Key Technologies• Flow control devices• Compact, high heat release combustor• Non - metallic engine components• Torque Splitting Face Gears • Light Weight/Corrosion Resistant Composite
Gearbox
CH-47 Composite HousingAH-64 Face Gear Transmission
Combustor HPT Nozzle Ceramic shroud
Dual CentrifugalCompressor
Propulsion & Drives S&TPropulsion & Drives S&T
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VAATE
THE PARTNERSHIP THE MISSION
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE, AFRL-WS 07-1431
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Drive Technology
Payoffs• Face gear design allows for 3400hp
rating• Reduced parts count (from 3 stage, to
2 stage transmission)• Improved VROC• Improved reliability
Payoffs• Improved main transmission and tail
drive system allows for 3850hp rating• Reduced noise levels• Reduced weight
Apache Block III
Apache Block III Lot 7Enhanced RotorcraftDrive System
RDS-21
Split Torque Face Gear Transmission
Fielding began in FY12
Fielding begins in FY20
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UNCLASSIFIED16 FileName.pptx
UNCLASSIFIED
Missions SystemsMissions Systems
Major Thrust: Develop and demonstrate operator interfaces, scalable effect weapons, precision time-sensitive delivery, and multipurpose sensors, integrated for the mission; Improve safety and effectiveness of rotorcraft pilots in degraded visual environments (DVE); manage high workload cockpits with adaptive aiding and autonomy to more efficiently & effectively control, manage, and interact with manned and unmanned aviation assets.
Major Identified Gap: Current subsystems have limited or inadequate capabilities, that result in operator overload, collateral damage, inefficient application of effects and excessive sensors due to federated systems, ASE subsystems have limited or lacking capabilities, result in excessive parasitic weight, are not well integrated, and do not take advantage of advanced technologies.
• DVE Mitigation• Common Human Machine Interface• Increased Levels of Autonomy • Manned-Unmanned Intelligent Teaming• Cognitive Decision Aiding• Advanced Threat Protection• Active Jammers & Decoys• Weapons Integration
17 AMRDEC CSD HDC Edwards_AAAA04-12.pptx
Mission Systems Research Areas
Mission Systems Research Areas
Communication• LOS Voice and Data• BLOS Voice and Data• Integrated Tactical Networks
(SRW, WNW, JTRS, etc)• Advanced Antennas (Conformal
, Multi-band, etc.)• Interoperability with DHS• Backwards compatibility
Navigation/Pilotage• Integrated GPS• Transponders• Integrated IFF• Decision Aiding/OPV• Integrated DVE/CA/OA
Avionics Architecture• Advanced Mission Processing• High Speed Backplanes• Data Concentrators• Solid State Recording Devices• High Speed Interconnects• Open Systems Standards (JCA /
FACE)• Information Assurance • Multi-level Security
Crew Station• Fully Integrated Next-Gen
cockpit • HMI Designed-In• Advanced Controls and
Displays• Multi-Function• Helmet Mounted• Heads up• Effective cueing• EDM (Electronic Data Manager)
Situation Awareness• Real-time information
(threat, weather, a/c state, BC, etc.)
• 360 Spherical Sensing• Information Mgmt• Data Fusion, Decision
Aiding• COP (GIG, BFT, etc.)
MUM-T• LOI 4 / LOI 2• Decision Aiding• Wingman
Engagement & Effects• Scalable effect warheads &
weapons• Directed Energy• Counter-UAS and Air-to-Air• Hostile Fire Detection• Next Gen Integrated
Targeting, SA, DVE sensor suite
• Decision Aiding for optimal , synchronized use of on- and off-board effects
• Maritime search, track, and identification of surface and subsurface targets
Survivability•Signature Management / Suppression
•Survivability SA and Planning•Advanced Countermeasures•Tunable Pyrotechnics•Hostile Fire Indication•IASE•Advanced Warning Receivers
Flexibility• Mission reconfigurable• Upgradable• Land based and
maritime operations• Tactical and peace-time
operations
Distribution Unlimited
Yourfilename.ppt
Joint Common Architecture Approach
Joint Common Architecture Approach
Current Integration Process• Point to point integration• Lengthy Development Cycles (18-33
months)• Requires each platform to maintain
expertise for each product
ARC-186
ARC-201D
ARC-231
JTRS AMF-A
Future Process• Integrate to standard interfaces• Cross-platform portable• Sync new capability across fleet
16 platform integration activities
UNCLASSIFIED19 FileName.pptx
UNCLASSIFIED
Sustainment Focus AreaSustainment Focus Area
PropulsionPower management and Continuous power assuranceImproved Torque AccuracyPhysics-based LRU ModelsBearing and Erosion
Drive System and MechanicalGearbox models for prognostics and vibration predictionPlanetary gear fault detection Wear detection prognostics Non-metallic debris monitoring
Electrical System and WiringWiring functional and fault propagation modelsAdvanced wiring sensorsElectrical component prognostics
StructuresLoad and Usage MonitoringFatigue damage detectionImpact damage detectionCorrosion Monitoring
Rotors and Dynamic ComponentsIntegrated load/motion sensingAeroelastic and blade dynamic fault modelsBlade damage detectionWireless transfer to fixed system
Vehicle Management SystemFault models for VMS componentsMechanical controls/bearing prognostics Pump and Actuator prognostics
System IntegrationGlobal Data FusionIntegrated multilevel system reasoners
Pitch LinkPitch Link
Corrosion Detection
Damage Detection
displacement
force
pitc
h-li
nk
stiff
nes
s
0 60 120 180 240 300 360-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
Flap
Hin
ge R
otat
ion
(deg
)
Azimuth (deg)
HealthyFaulty
0 60 120 180 240 300 3602000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Ver
tical
Hin
ge L
oad
(lbs)
Azimuth (deg)
HealthyFaulty
*one blade shown for clarity
Pitch Rod Wear / Play Representation
Rotor Aero-Elastic Model
hub
pitch rod
swash plateassembly
scissors assembly
f ixed system
shaf textender
f lap/lag/pitchhinges
lag damper
blade
Flap HingeRotation (deg)
Pitch Rod Load (lb)
ControlSystem Model
Hinge Load (lb)
Vertical Flap
Rotor Aeroelastic Models
Force Signals (3)
Moment Signals (3) ElectronicsModule
PowerHarvester
InertialSensors
Spherical Bearing Thrust Bearing
Spherical Bearing
Thrust Bearing
MDOF Main Rotor Motions
& Loads
Energy Harvester
Load Sensor
Harvester Circuit, Microprocessor, and RF Transmitter
RF Antenna
Rod-End Loads
Push-Rod Loads
Transition to Current and Future Fleet
20 AMRDEC CSD HDC Edwards_AAAA04-12.pptx
Future Low Maintenance AircraftFuture Low Maintenance Aircraft
Technology Needs
• Sand/FOD Tolerant Engines – advanced particle separators• Active Vibration-cancelling • Flight control laws to limit peak loads/adapt to vehicle health • Carefree maneuvering without component degradation• Permanent Erosion Protection – up to 10X improvement • Reliable Icing Protection – 100X improvement• Multi-Path, Multi-Function wiring configurations• Reduced avionics footprint through open architectures• New qualification specifications• LCC sensitivity models for optimized design• Oil-free bearings
• Adaptive engine controls• Improved engine and gearbox seals• In-Flight RTB Adjustments• Composite/corrosion resistant gearbox housings• Durability and damage tolerance structures/self repairing• Advanced materials• Damage tolerant life management through M&S • Health awareness through damage detection and loads / usage
monitoring• Embedded Diagnostics and Prognostics to reduce maintenance
and enable autonomic logistics
Affordability dictates greatly reduced O&S costs – Achieved by moving from today’s
maintenance burden to low maintenance.
Current
Low Maintenance Future
• 10,000 Hour Life• Increased operational availability rates
• Highly accurate fault detection and isolation
• Reduction of maintenance man-hours/flight-hour
O&S Design Goals
AVN Rev Guidance/Format 13 Nov 08 .ppt21
Concept Design & Analysis Focus Area
Concept Design & Analysis Focus Area
Range
Pay
load
Tech
Assess Tech ImpactAssess Tech Impact
Empty Weight + Fuel
Gro
ss W
eigh
t
Tech
Create DesignsCreate Designs
UAVs
Manned
Be flexible: Criticality of customer needs determines projects supported & priorityBe flexible: Criticality of customer needs determines projects supported & priority
Evaluate ConceptsEvaluate Concepts
X2 Demo
A160 UAV
X-49A
Dsgn & Assess MthdsDsgn & Assess Mthds
Gather Desired
Capabilities
Set Sizing Constraints
Execute Sizing
Explore Design Space
Generate Output/Reports
Mission Description Geometry ConstraintDesign Loadings
Mission(s)Military LoadFlt Envelope
Draft Platform Specification
Tech Factors
Vehicle Description &Performance
ParametricTrade-offs
RepresentativeConcept
Identification
Gather Technology
Inputs
NDARC
• Mission: Lead multidisciplinary design of advanced vertical lift aviation systems for manned and unmanned platforms, enable the enterprise to formulate new CONOPS, establish feasible requirements, guide informed technology investments by incorporating technologies in system synthesis across all Focus Areas, and satisfy materiel solutions analysis and development milestones.
• Technology Objectives:
– Enhance Design Certainty– Expand Assessment Capability– Improve Timeliness of the Design Cycle
22 AMRDEC CSD HDC Edwards_AAAA04-12.pptx
Configuration Configuration Trades Configuration Explorations
• Slowing Rotor/Gearing• Utility Layouts for Troop Egress• Internal/External Stores• Folding
• Pressurization• Shipboard Takeoff/landing
Options
• Slowing Rotor/Clutching/Gearing
• Wing/Rotor Lift Share• Trim/Control Strategies• Utility Layouts for Troop Egress• Internal/External Stores• Folding• Wing/Sponson Fuel
• Anti-Torque Methods• Envelope Limitations
• Active Rotor• Hub Drag Reduction• Maneuver Wing• Utility Layouts for Troop Egress• Fuel Layout
• Deployment Options• Reduced Signatures
250kt+
180-250kt
170-180kt
Government Design Exploration
Government Design Exploration
22
23 AMRDEC CSD HDC Edwards_AAAA04-12.pptx
• Advanced Helicopter
• Big-Wing Compound
• Advanced Tilt Rotor
Armor layout Concept Design for Dismounted Troop Accommodation
Dismounted Soldier Egress
Survivability Assumptions
Dismounted Soldier Seated Space Volume
Design EffortsDesign Efforts
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. FN 6217
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Future Vertical Lift (FVL) Rotorcraft Vision
Future Vertical Lift (FVL) Rotorcraft Vision
• FVL describes a family of vertical lift aircraft – Includes multiple sizes/classes of vehicles– Considers the vertical lift needs across the
DoD– Achieves significant commonality between
platforms– Addresses the capability gaps identified in
the Army Aviation Operations CBA, and the OSD-sponsored Future Vertical Lift CBA
• Objective vehicle attributes– Scalable common core architecture– Integrated aircraft survivability– Speed 170+ kts– Range 424 km (combat radius)– Performance at 6,000 feet and 95⁰F (“6k/95”)– Shipboard Compatible– Fuel Efficient– Supportable– Affordability– Optionally Manned – Commonality
LightMediumHeavyUltra
Worldwide operations
Affordability
Performance
Survivability
Sustainability
Environmental
RangePayload
Fuel EfficiencyStation Time
Speed
Operational Availability
Operations & Support Costs
SurvivabilityIR/RF/Laser
Kinetic ThreatSmall Arms
AffordabilitySize
ScaleRisk Future
AviationCapabilities
6K/95All Weather Ops in Degraded Visual
Environment
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25 AMRDEC CSD HDC Edwards_AAAA04-12.pptx
JMR Technology Demonstrator (TD)
JMR Technology Demonstrator (TD)
Purpose:• Demonstrate transformational vertical
lift capabilities to prepare the DoD for decisions regarding the replacement of the current vertical lift fleet
Products:• Demonstrated and refined set of
technologically feasible and affordable capabilities
• Technology maturation plans • Cost analysis for future capabilities • Two demonstrator test bed aircraft
Payoff:• Reduced risk for critical technologies• Acquisition workforce with improved
skill sets to develop specifications and analyze technical data
• Data readily available to support future DoD acquisitions
Capability to Perform Worldwide Operations
Affordability
Performance
Survivability
Sustainability
Environmental
RangePayload
Fuel EfficiencyStation Time
Speed
Operational Availability
Operations & Support Costs
SurvivabilityIR/RF/Laser
Kinetic ThreatSmall Arms
AffordabilitySize
ScaleRisk Future
AviationCapabilities
6K/95All Weather Ops in Degraded Visual
Environment
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26 AMRDEC CSD HDC Edwards_AAAA04-12.pptx
QuestionsQuestions
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