amphibians & reptiles donald winslow, 7 april 2008 readings from hickman, et al., 2008 ch 25...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Amphibians & Reptiles Donald Winslow, 7 April 2008 Readings from Hickman, et al., 2008 Ch 25 544-559 (amphibians); Ch 26: 563-582 (reptiles)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070307/551a7a625503463e778b6373/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Amphibians & ReptilesDonald Winslow, 7 April 2008
Readings from Hickman, et al., 2008
Ch 25 544-559 (amphibians); Ch 26: 563-582 (reptiles)
![Page 2: Amphibians & Reptiles Donald Winslow, 7 April 2008 Readings from Hickman, et al., 2008 Ch 25 544-559 (amphibians); Ch 26: 563-582 (reptiles)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070307/551a7a625503463e778b6373/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Colonization of land by tetrapods
Early tetrapods colonized land in Devonian Period, radiated during CarboniferousDouble circulation, pulmonary & systemic circuitsFins became legs—humerus, radius, ulnaIchthyostega
Coelacanth Lungfish Ichthyostega AmniotaAnura Apoda Caudata
![Page 3: Amphibians & Reptiles Donald Winslow, 7 April 2008 Readings from Hickman, et al., 2008 Ch 25 544-559 (amphibians); Ch 26: 563-582 (reptiles)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070307/551a7a625503463e778b6373/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Class Amphibia
Can use land, but usually tied to water for reproductionWebbed feet, forelimb usually with 4 digitsSkin smooth & moist with many glands, chromatophores, no scalesRespiration by skin, gills, and/or lungs, 3-chambered heart (2 atria)Ectothermal, paired mesonephric kidneys, urea main nitrogenous wasteSeparate sexes, usually oviparous, mesolecithal eggs laid in waterMetamorphosisOrder Apoda (caecilians)
No legs, tropical forests, internal fertilization, egg-guardingOrder Caudata or Urodela (salamanders)
Internal fertilization, female picks up spermatophoreAquatic species metamorphic, gills as larvae & lungs as adults Terrestrial species develop directly; plethontids breathe thru skinPaedomorphic species (mudpuppy, axolotl) retain gills as adults American newts: aquatic larvae, terrestrial efts, aquatic adultsParental care
Order Anura (frogs & toads)
![Page 4: Amphibians & Reptiles Donald Winslow, 7 April 2008 Readings from Hickman, et al., 2008 Ch 25 544-559 (amphibians); Ch 26: 563-582 (reptiles)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070307/551a7a625503463e778b6373/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Order Anura (frogs & toads)
VocalizationExternal fertilization during amplexusEgg, tadpole stages, adult
Family RanidaeBullfrog, leopard frog, etc.
Family HylidaeTreefrogs
Family BufonidaeToads
![Page 5: Amphibians & Reptiles Donald Winslow, 7 April 2008 Readings from Hickman, et al., 2008 Ch 25 544-559 (amphibians); Ch 26: 563-582 (reptiles)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070307/551a7a625503463e778b6373/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Factors affecting amphibian declines
DroughtsWetland lossesPollutantsIntroduced predators & competitors
Bullfrog, African clawed frogOzone depletionDiseases—chytridiomycosis
![Page 6: Amphibians & Reptiles Donald Winslow, 7 April 2008 Readings from Hickman, et al., 2008 Ch 25 544-559 (amphibians); Ch 26: 563-582 (reptiles)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070307/551a7a625503463e778b6373/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Amniotes
Enclosing the pondAnapsids
Turtles secondarily anapsidDiapsids
LepidosaursSnakes, lizards, amphisbaenasTuataras
ArchosaursCrocodilians, dinosaurs, birds
Synapsids—Mammals
![Page 7: Amphibians & Reptiles Donald Winslow, 7 April 2008 Readings from Hickman, et al., 2008 Ch 25 544-559 (amphibians); Ch 26: 563-582 (reptiles)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070307/551a7a625503463e778b6373/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Class Reptilia (paraphyletic taxon)
Shelled, amniotic eggExtra-embryonic membranes
Amnion, chorion, allantoisMost species entirely terrestrialDry, scaly skin, chromatophoresPowerful jaws, ectothermicInternal fertilization, separate sexesAdaptations to conserve waterHigher blood pressure than amphibiansNo gills, respiration usually by lungsMain nitrogenous waste is uric acid
![Page 8: Amphibians & Reptiles Donald Winslow, 7 April 2008 Readings from Hickman, et al., 2008 Ch 25 544-559 (amphibians); Ch 26: 563-582 (reptiles)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070307/551a7a625503463e778b6373/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Class Reptilia
Order Testudines (turtles)Superorder Lepidosauria
Order SquamataOrder Sphenodonta
Superorder ArchosauriaOrder Crocodilia