zones humides insulaires: comment les protéger efficacement?

Tour du Valat

09/10/2018

Eva Tankovic

(Initiative PIM)

Lina Emmanouilidou

(Université de Limoges, CRIDEAU,

CIDCE)

Zones humides insulaires: comment les protéger efficacement?

Mediterranean Islands Wetlands

Ramsar Convention Resolution XII.14

Mediterranean islands wetlands : an estimation

• 160 islands and islets

• ~14500 wetlands naturals & artificials

• > 0,1 ha

Mediterranean partners

OBJECTIVES

• Documentation of mediterranean islands

wetlands through national inventories

• Dissemination of knowledge to public and

authorities

• Promotion of their protection at the national and

meditteranean scale

• Restoration of at least one wetland per country

• Kick-off Meeting – Crete (7-

9 November 2017)

• Pre-COP Ramsar – Rep.

Tchèque (19-23 March

2018)

• Sardinian meeting – June

2018

METHODOLOGY

- Pre-inventories via

Google Earth

- In situ visits

- Implementation of

National Databases

Scan thoroughly all

the islands

- Naturals &

artificials

- Not linear

systems

- > 0,1 ha

Pre-inventories

Pre-inventories

Delineation

• Modification with in situ visit

• Area : Wetland + protection

zone

• Include degraded wetland areas

(for restoration)

• Includes estuaries + part of the

sea

• With human activities

FIRST RESULTS

CORSICA

• 933 WETLANDS

• 134 Artificials

• 799 Naturals

SARDINIA

• 2428 WETLANDS

• 1735 Artificials

• 693 Naturals

SICILY• 11984 WETLANDS

• Mostly artificials

• 2153 delineated

METHODOLOGY

- Pre-inventories via

Google Earth

- In situ visits

- Implementation of

National Databases

In situ visits

Common methodology

Rapid assesment:

-Habitats

-Fauna/Flora

-Activities

-Threats

-…

Yes

No

In situ visits

Field Sheet A. BASIC INFORMATION

1. Date of the inventory:_________________________________ 2. Name of the recorder:_________________________________

3. Wetland's code: _________________________________ 4. Wetland's name: _________________________________

5. General wetland description:

Wetland's location: Marine/Coastal Inland

Salinity: Fresh (< 0.5 g/l) Brackish (0.5-18.0 g/l) Salty (> 18.0 g/l)

Presence of water: Permanent Seasonal Temporary/Intermittent Uknown

Free water surface (%): <5 5-25 26-50 51-75 76-95 >95

6. Wetland type:

7. Freshwater inflow: 8. Water outflow:

Natural Artificial Catchment area (precipitation) Outflow controlled by spillway

Salt pan/Salt flats/ Sebkhas Salt Marsh Torrent / Stream - Unconfined aquifer Outflow controlled by pipeline

Estuary Dam lake Karstic spring Outflow controlled by lock gate

Lake Excavations/gravel/brick/clay pit pool Drilling Outflow from lakeshore or river

Seasonal saltwater pond Reservoir Unknown Outflow controlled by dam

Seasonal freshwater pond Concrete reservoir Other No obvious water outflow

Marsh/Swamp Membrane covered reservoir Unknown

River / Stream Saline Other

Lagoon Mining pool

Permanent saltwater pond Wastewater treatment area

Karstic spring River barrier

Wetland system

Permanent freshwater pond

Sand bars and spits

B. CONDITION – ACTIVITIES – IMPACTS – VALUES

1. Wetland’s condition (only for natural wetlands): 0 - Unknown

1- Untouched. No signs of man-made changes

2- Original habitats/landform still predominant (>50%)

3- Original habitats/landform partially modified (10-50% untouched)

4- Original habitats/landform highly modified (<10% untouched)

5- Original habitats/landform totally changed

2. Site tenure Public Private Other

3. Human activities in 00 = Management for conservation wetland w.basin 530 = Improved access to site

010 = Habitat conservation 590 = Other forms of transportation and communication

020 = Resource conservation 60 = Leisure and tourism wetland w.basin

030 = Species conservation 600 = Sport and leisure structures

040 = Land restoration 601 = golf course

090 = Other conservation activities 603 = stadium

10 = Agriculture forestry wetland w.basin 604 = circuit track

Remarks (wetland description):

Remarks:

Biological Value (only for artificial wetlands):

Negative | Neutral |Low | Medium | High

- Field visits started for

Sardinia and Sicily

- 129 wetlands inventoried in

Sardinia

- Field visits foreseen in 2019

for Corsica

In situ visits

METHODOLOGY

- Pre-inventories via

Google Earth

- In situ visits

- Implementation of

National Databases

Table: wetlands.xlsxMain table containing basic information on wetlands

Retrieve data from Dictionaries:

Dict_Regions, Dict_Islands, Dict_Municipalities, Dict_Nuts,

Dict_North, Dict_WaterBasins, Dict_Location, Dict_Category,

Dict_Salinity, Dict_Water Inflow, Dict_Water Outflow,

Dict_Persent, Dict_Persence of water, Dict_MedWet condition,

Dict_naturalness, Dict_biological value, Dict_Land Ownership

• All tables are connected to the main one with the

wetland’s code

• Literature added to each secondary table,

automatically is added to the table: References

Table: Habitats.xlsxTable with data about habitat types

Retrieve data from Dictionary: Dict_Habitat types,

Dict_Persent, Dict_References

Table: Vegetation.xlsxTable with data about vegetation

Retrieve data from Dictionary: Dict_Vegetation

types, Dict_Persent, Dict_References

Table: Flora.xlsxTable with data about Flora species

Retrieve data from Dictionary: Dict_Flora species,

Dict_Dominant, Dict_References

Table: Invertebrates.xlsxTable with data about Invertebrates

Retrieve data from Dictionary: Dict_Invertebrates

species, Dict_Fauna presence, Dict_References

Table: Avifauna.xlsxTable with data about the birds

Retrieve data from Dictionary: Dict_Bird species,

Dict_Number, Dict_Nesting, Dict_References

Table: Mammals.xlsxTable with data about the mammals

Retrieve data from Dictionary: Dict_Mammal

species, Dict_Fauna presence, Dict_References

Table: Fish.xlsxTable with data about the fishes

Retrieve data from Dictionary: Dict_fish species,

Dict_Fauna presence, Dict_References

Table: Ampibians.xlsxTable with data about the amphibians

Retrieve data from Dictionary: Dict_Amphibians

species, Dict_Fauna presence, Dict_References

Table: Reptiles.xlsxTable with data about the reptiles

Retrieve data from Dictionary: Dict_Reptile species,

Dict_Fauna presence, Dict_References

Table: Ramsar.xlsxTable with data about ramsar wetlands types

Retrieve data from Dictionary: Dict_Ramsar types,

Dict_Persent, Dict_References

Table: Impacts.xlsxTable with data about human impacts

Retrieve data from Dictionary: Dict_Impacts,

Dict_Intensity, Dict_References

Table Values.xlsxTable with data about wetlands values

Retrieve data from Dictionary: Dict_Values,

Dict_References

Table: ActivitiesWetland.xlsxTable with data about activities in wetlands

Retrieve data from Dict: Dict_ActivitiesWetland,

Dict_Intensity, Dict_References

Table: ActivitiesWaterbasin.xlsxTable with data about activities in water basin

Retrieve data from Dict: Dict_ActivitiesBasin,

Dict_Intensity, Dict_References

Table: CDDA Areas.xlsxTable with data about wetlands in CDDA areas

Retrieve data from Dictionary: Dict_CDDA

categories

Table: ProtectionStatus.xlsxTable with data about wet in protection statuses

Retrieve data from Dictionary: Dict_Protection

Categories, Dict_Wildlife Refuge,

Dict_NaturaGreece

Table: OtherProtectionStatus.xlsxTable with data about wet in protection statuses

Retrieve data from Dict: Dict_Other Protection

Status

Table: IUCN categories.xlsxTable with data about wetlands in IUCN areas

Retrieve data from Dict: Dict_IUCNCategories

Table: Wetlands in IBA.xlsxTable with data about wetlands in IBA areas

Retrieve data from Dictionary: Dict_IBAGreece,

Dict_References

Table: NationalInventory.xlsxTable with data about wets in national invent.

Retrieve data from Dictionary: Dict_National

Inventory, Dict_References

Table: DataEntry.xlsxTable with data about visits & data entry in DB

Retrieve data from Dictionary: Dict_Actions,

Dict_Names

Table: References.xlsxTable with references

Retrieve data from Dictionary: Dict_References

National Databases

GLOBAL FIRST RESULTS

Island wetlands will have been inventoried and documented

• Database construction in progress

France, Italy, Malta, Croatia, Turkey, Tunisia, Spain

• Pre-inventories finished in all islands

• Field visits

>408 wetlands in 43 islands visited so far

• Inventory reports in progress

• Presentations in international

congresses/workshops/seminars

4 oral & 8 poster presentations

GLOBAL FIRST RESULTS

Conservation measures will be promoted in Mediterranean,

national & local scale and relevant stakeholders will be fully

aware

• Legal framework study/proposal on island wetland protection

in progress

Cyprus, France, Italy, Croatia

• Lobbying of pertinent authorities and stakeholders

All partners are in close contact with authorities

• Citizens informed

>1700 people in 29 events

• Lobbying at E.U. level

Pre-COP, working on WWF EPO strategy for water framework

directive

Étude sur le cadre juridique

• L’objectif du projet MédisWet est de mettre en œuvre la

Résolution XII.14

Méthodologie de la partie « policy »:

• Analyser les obligations découlant de la Résolution

• Identifier les difficultés de sa mise en œuvre

• Élaborer une stratégie « science to policy » qui implique les

acteurs centraux et locaux

• Lobbying auprès des autorités compétentes

1. Analyse de la résolution

1. Analyse de la résolution

• Les quatre pylônes de la Résolution:

Inventorier Surveiller ProtégerIntégrer

« Protection juridique efficace »

• Celle qui prévoit les obligations directement

applicables de la Résolution XII.14

• Celle qui interdit les activités qui dégradent les

zones humides

• Celle qui prévoit des actions de restauration et

de maintien des zones humides en bon état

écologique

• Celle qui prévoit la participation du public et la

possibilité d’avoir recours en justice

Protéger

LE CADRE JURIDIQUE EXISTANT EN FRANCE

Législation

sur l’Eau

Législation sur

la Biodiversité

Droit

internationalDroit de

l’UE

Droit national

Aménage-

ment du

territoire

Protection par:

•Attribution d’un statut de

protection

•Contrôle des activités autorisées

en milieu humide

•Mise en place des contrats de

gestion et des mesures

financières

•Intégration dans les documents

d’urbanisme

2. Les difficultés de mise en œuvre

• La Résolution a une importance différente pour chaque pays et les

difficultés y en dépendent

France Italie Chypre

Difficile de tirer l’attention des

autorités aux ZHI car peu d’îles en

Métropole

Difficulté à la communication avec

les autorités centrales

La mise en œuvre de la Résolution

est synonyme de la mise en œuvre

de la Convention de Rasmsar

Beaucoup des mesures qui se

superposent

Problème avec partage des

compétences entre État et Régions

Absence de cadre juridique pour les

zones humides, très faible mesures

de protection de la nature

3. Élaboration d’une stratégie en france

Stratégie « science to policy »:

•Utiliser l’expertise scientifique à la formulation

des politiques publiques et l’élaboration des

normes juridiques

•Traduire les enjeux écologiques en langage

politique

•Absence de consensus scientifique: principe de

précaution

3. Élaboration d’une stratégie en france

France: Une Stratégie pour les Iles et une Stratégie Case by Case

Faire attendre aux administrations centrales et

décentralisées l’importance de protéger les ZHI

Ajouter des actions concrètes

dans le Plan d’Action milieux humides et

la Stratégie nationale pour la Biodiversité

Faire valider l’inventaire MedIsWet par

l’administration (ministère, OEC, DREALs)

Participer aux révisions de documents d’urbanisme

& d’aménagement pour ajouter les ZH

manquantes

Diffuser un guide pour l’action pour les ZHI aux

ONG et grand public

Quoi faire en cas de constat de

dégradation d’une ZH

Utiliser les données de l’inventaire pour proposer

une protection ciblée: case by case

Identifier les ZH qui satisfont les conditions de

divers statuts de protection

• COP 13 Ramsar

Dubaï (21-29 octobre 2018)

• 2nd Mediterranean Plant Conservation

Week Malte (12-16 Novembre 2018)

• Policy at national and UE level

• Explore more funds for field work and

restorations

PERSPECTIVES

Merci !

linanimae@hotmail.com

e.tankovic@initiative-pim.org

www.initiative-pim.org

Facebook/PIMInitiative