zeitgeist iim indore business case
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ZEITGEISTIndian Institute of Management Indore
Presented By:Shyam Naren J
Sriram S
Jatish V C
Presented at Ranniti, GLIM
Proposal to enter the rural off-grid solar lighting systems marketObjectiveObjective
ScopeScope Opportunities in Indian markets
MethodologyMethodologyMarket Scoping
Impact analysis
Triple Bottom Line
Market ScopingMarket Scoping
Source :Various Sources
Around 22 % of the world’s population lacks access to electricity
78%
22%
~ 23 % of this is from India, spread across 95,500 villages
Fuel Based solutions account for 20% of all lighting costs, yet only produce 0.1% of all lighting.
Existing solutions impose a huge cost on the environment(For e.g. Lanterns emit 190 million tonnes of CO2/year, )
Porter’s Diamond Model Porter’s Diamond Model
Demand Conditions
Firm Strategy, structure,
Rivalry
Support from
Related Industries
Factor Conditions
++400 million lack access+ CAGR of 30 %
+Low cost of labor++4-7 kWh/sq. m/day of solar radiation++ Government policies, subsidies
- Relative non availability of silicon.- low projected installed capacity + Presence of Global industries
- Little Entrepreneurship- Meager rivalry+ Relatively easy financing
Solar energy industry has high Globalization PotentialSolar energy industry has high Globalization Potential
Source : Various Sources
Cost Drivers
Customer Drivers
Competitive Drivers
Government Drivers
Over the last 9 years, price per Watt peak has fallen at a compoundedannual rate of 16.3 %
Large underserved market, Low levels of customization, facilitates transferable marketing with little local adaptation.
Relatively low, although PV manufacturers are expandingE.g. BP solar in India
High levels of interest shown by governments in the form of Legislations, norms and subsidies worldwide.
Strategic Fit with ALSStrategic Fit with ALS
Source : Various Sources
Economies of scope Synergy
Competitive ness
-Brand name- Distribution Channel - Skills and knowledge transfer
-Value chain activities- Common brand name
-Cross subsidization- Risk Mitigation
ALS
Potential to empower students, local entrepreneurs
People
• Lighting levels in classrooms are at 2% of western levels
•Empowering BOP entrepreneurs
•High correlation between lack of lighting and crime
rates.
Clean, sustainable, cost effective solution
Planet
•Steep learning curve, costs falling all the time
•Clean, renewable source of energy ( solar lighting
solutions emit 40 times less CO2 than incandescent
bulb of similar capacity)
•Dependence on scarce fossil fuels goes down
•ALS contributes 30% to ABS’s $5 billion
revenue (Based on lighting business
contribution for Philips company)
•Projected growth in current ALS business to
stay at 12% and profit growth to stay at 15%
ALS to contribute 30% to ABS and expected to grow at 12%
Assumptions
Profit of ALS stands at 241.91 million dollars in March 2010
Profit Loss Statement – Current Scenario
Income
In Million Dollars
Mar '09 Mar '10
12 Months12 Months
Sales Turnover 1233.25 1381.24
Net Sales 1233.25 1381.24
Other Income 77.31 86.59
Total Income 1310.56 1467.83
Expenditure
In Million Dollars
Mar '09 Mar '10
12 Months12 Months
Employee Cost 743.74 751.18
Other Manufacturing
Expenses73.58 89.77
Selling and Admin Expenses
128.53 129.82
Miscellaneous Expenses
53.75 50.16
Total Expenses 999.60 1020.92
Profit/Loss
In Million Dollars
Mar '09 Mar '10
12 Months12 Months
PBDIT 310.96 360.32
Interest 5.12 5.63
PBDT 305.84 354.69
Depreciation 61.06 67.17
Profit Before Tax 244.78 287.52
Extra-ordinary items
1.43 1.57
PBT (Post Extra-ord Items)
246.21 285.95
Tax 38.12 201.26
Reported Net Profit
208.10 241.91
Penetration levels of 200,000 households per year
Sales Targets
Supply of solar street lights to government
▪ Target of 4000 street lights across 50
villages over next 2 years
Solar lanterns to individuals based in villages
▪ Target of 200,000 households per year
Projected profit of 0.22 million USD/year from solar street lights
Solar Street Lights
Sales revenue (In INR) 50000000
Sales revenue (In dollars) 1111111.11
Sales revenue (In Million dollars) 1.11
Profit @ 20% Margin 0.22
Projected profit of 1.55 million USD/year from solar lantern
Solar Lantern
Sales revenue (In INR) 1000000000
Sales revenue (In dollars) 22222222.22
Sales revenue (In Million dollars) 22.22
Profit @ 7% Margin 1.55
Revenue growth YoY from 12% to 14.27%
Projected – Income/Expenditure - 2011
Profit & Loss account In Million Dollars
WITHOUT ADDITIONAL
INVESTMENTS
Expected Growth
SOLAR LIGHTING EXPANSION Expected Growth
Mar '09 Mar '10 Mar '11 Mar '11 12 Months 12 Months 12 Months 12 Months
Income
Sales Turnover 1233.25 1381.24 1546.99 1580.32 Net Sales 1233.25 1381.24 1546.99 1580.32 Other Income 77.31 86.59 96.98 96.98 Total Income 1310.56 1467.83 1643.97 12.00% 1677.30 14.27%
Expenditure
Employee Cost 743.74 751.18 841.32 Other Manufacturing Expenses 73.58 89.77 109.52
Selling and Admin Expenses 128.53 129.82 131.11 Miscellaneous Expenses 53.75 50.16 50.16 Total Expenses 999.60 1020.92 1132.11
Marginal profit growth to 15.64%
Projected – Profit/Loss - 2011
Profit & Loss
In Million DollarsWITHOUT
ADDITIONAL INVESTMENTS
Expected Growth
SOLAR LIGHTING
EXPANSION
Expected Growth
Mar '09 Mar '10 Mar '11 Mar '11 12 Months 12 Months 12 Months 12 Months
Mar '09 Mar '10 Mar '11 Mar '11 PBDIT 310.96 360.32 414.88 15.14% 416.66 15.64%Interest 5.12 5.63 6.20 6.20 PBDT 305.84 354.69 408.68 410.46 Depreciation 61.06 67.17 73.88 90.00 Profit Before Tax 244.78 287.52 334.80 320.46 Extra-ordinary items 1.43 1.57 1.73 1.73 PBT (Post Extra-ord Items) 246.21 285.95 333.07 318.73 Tax 38.12 44.04 51.29 49.08 Reported Net Profit 208.10 241.91 281.78 269.65
Marginal profit growth to 15.64%
Projected Return
Without Expansion With Solar Expansion
Assets 649.06 659.06
Sales 1546.99 1580.32
Profit 414.88 416.66
Capital 75.00 85.00
Ratios
Gross Profit Margin(%) 26.82% 26.37%
Asset Turnover Ratio 2.38 2.40
Return on Investment 63.92% 63.22%
References
Alternatives to Fuel-based Lighting in Rural Areas of Developing Countries
http://evanmills.lbl.gov/presentations/fuel_based_lightinggrocc.pdf
http://www.direc2010.gov.in/pdf/Off-grid%20Lighting%20in%20India.pdf
http://tvnz.co.nz/technology-news/solar-power-lighting-rural-india-3095795
http://www.theglobalist.com/rawmaterials/syndication/sample.htm
http://www.theenergycollective.com/robertrapier/47068/cleantech-
globalization-and-energy-independence
http://globalization-and-its-risks.wikischolars.columbia.edu/Chapter+VII
http://globalization-and-its-risks.wikischolars.columbia.edu/
Chapter+VII#cite_note-4
Thank You !
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