younger stratum with more recent fossils
Post on 03-Jan-2016
30 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Younger stratumwith more recentfossils
Older stratumwith older fossils
3
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
HMS Beagle at seaDarwin in 1840, afterhis returnfrom thevoyage
NORTH AMERICA
Malay ArchipelagoSOUTH AMERICA
GreatBritain
ATLANTICOCEAN
PACIFICOCEAN
EUROPE
AFRICA
AUSTRALIA
PACIFICOCEAN
Cape ofGood Hope
Equator
TasmaniaNewZealand
Brazil
Argentina
Cape Horn
Chile
An
de
s M
tns
.Genovesa
PACIFICOCEAN
Equator
Pinta
Marchena
Fernandina
Florenza
Pinzón
SantiagoDaphneIslands
SantaCruz
SantaFe
Isabela
Española
SanCristobal
Kilometers
0 4020
TheGalápagosIslands
5
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Moeritherium†
†Barytherium
Hyracoidea(Hyraxes)
Sirenia(Manateesand relatives)
†Deinotherium
†Mammut
†Platybelodon
†Stegodon
Elephas maximus(Asia)
Mammuthus†
Loxodonta cyclotis(Africa)
Loxodonta africana(Africa)
Millions of years ago Years ago
60 34 24 5.5 2104 0
9
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Wild mustard Kohlrabi
Cabbage
Kale
Broccoli
Selectionfor leaves
Selectionfor stems
Selectionfor flowersand stems
Selection foraxillary (side)buds
Selection forapical (tip) bud
Brusselssprouts
10
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Observations
Inferences
and
Over time, favorable traitsaccumulate in the population.
Organisms produce moreoffspring than the
environment can support.
Individuals in a populationvary in their heritable
characteristics.
Individuals that are well suitedto their environment tend to leave more
offspring than other individuals.
13
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Soapberry bug with beakinserted in balloon vinefruit
Beak length (mm)
On native species,balloon vine(southern Florida)
On introducedspecies,goldenrain tree(central Florida)
Museum-specimen average
Field Study Results
Beak
Nu
mb
er o
f in
div
idu
als
6 7 8 9 111002468
10
02
468
10
15
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Year
Chromosome mapof S. aureus clone USA300
An
nu
al
ho
sp
ita
l a
dm
iss
ion
sw
ith
MR
SA
(th
ou
sa
nd
s)
’05
400
’93 ’94 ’95 ’96 ’97 ’98 ’99 ’00 ’01 ’02 ’03 ’04
350
300
200
250
100
150
50
0
Increased gene exchange(within species) andtoxin production
Increased disease severityAbility to colonize hosts
Methicillin resistance
Key to adaptations
250,000 base pairs
500,000
750,000
2,000,000
1,750,000
1,500,0001,250,000
1,000,000
2,250,000
2,500,000
2,750,000 1
16
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Humerus
Carpals
Radius
Human
Ulna
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Whale Cat Bat
17
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cetaceans and even-toes ungulatesMost mammals
(d) Odocoileus (deer)(c) Sus (pig)(a) Canis (dog) (b) Pakicetus
20
top related