young women- factors shaping attitudes towards mathematics, science, engineering & technology...
Post on 05-Apr-2018
217 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 1/42
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 2/42
Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~ Bdeo|u Kdujls W
Xunwk Lgofokngw dfc Dfdb~wnw
W|nsl 383
408 Labnfsof Dplf|l Ldws
Souofso" OF
K3X 7E<
Slb9 -340.+3=3+0>>0
@d}9 -340.+3=3+3431
qlewnsl9 qqqxunwklgofokngwgok
Wof~d Sokdw
Xunwk Lgofokngw dfc Dfdb~wnw
Cnulgs Xmofl9 -340.+3=3+0>>0
Cnulgs @d}9 -340.+3=3+3431
Lkdnb9 sokdwHxunwklgofokngwgok
qlewnsl9 xunwklgofokngwgok
Iomf O„Audc~
Xdusflu" Xunwk Lgofokngw dfc Dfdb~wnw
Cnulgs Xmofl9 -340.+0<5+83<0
Cnulgs @d}9 -340.+0<5+78=7
Lkdnb9 oaudc~Hgdnfslufls
qlewnsl9 qqqoaudc~ofgd
L g o f o k n g w d f c D f d b ~ w n w
X U N W K
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 3/42
nams `ou Kl?
Deo|s Lfanflluw Gdfdcd
Lwsdebnwmlc nf 4>70" Lfanflluw Gdfdcd nw sml fdsnofdb ouadfnydsnof o` sml 45 xuopnfgndb dfc sluunsoundb
dwwogndsnofw dfc oucul smds ula|bdsl sml xudgsngl o` lfanfllunfa nf Gdfdcd dfc bnglfwl sml go|fsu~!w
koul smdf 408"888 xuo`lwwnofdb lfanflluw Lfanflluw Gdfdcd wluplw sml dwwogndsnofw dfc oucul"qmngm dul nsw gofwsns|lfs dfc wobl klkeluw" e~ clbnplunfa fdsnofdb xuoaudkw smds lfw|ul sml mnamlws
wsdfcducw o` lfanfllunfa lc|gdsnof" xuo`lwwnofdb t|dbn`ngdsnofw dfc xuo`lwwnofdb xudgsngl
Deo|s sml Gdfdcndf Go|fgnb o` Slgmfngndfw dfc Slgmfoboanwsw
Sml Gdfdcndf Go|fgnb o` Slgmfngndfw dfc Slgmfoboanwsw -GGSS. lwsdebnwmlw dfc kdnfsdnfw fdsnofdb
gokxlslfg~ wsdfcducw `ou glusn`~nfa klkeluw qnsm d !t|dbns~ wldb o` dxxuopdb! nf 43 dxxbnlc wgnlfgl
dfc lfanfllunfa slgmfoboa~ cnwgnxbnflw9 enowgnlfgl" nfc|wsundb" e|nbcnfa" nfwsu|klfsdsnof" gmlkngdb"
klgmdfngdb" gnpnb" knfnfa" lblgsungdb" xlsuobl|k" lblgsuofngw" alokdsngw" `oulwsu~" dfc nf`oukdsnof
slgmfoboa~ GGSS!w xuopnfgndb dwwogndsnofw dul ulwxofwnebl `ou nww|nfa smlwl mnamb~ uladuclc gulclf+
sndbw" qmngm dul ulgoafnylc e~ xuopnfgndb wsds|sl nf kdf~ Gdfdcndf xuopnfglw
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 4/42
Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~ Bdeo|u Kdujls W
Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~
Bdeo|u Kdujls Ws|c~
Unams `ou Kl?D Ws|c~ o` @dgsouw smds wmdxl sml Dssns|clw o` ^o|fa
Qoklf soqducw Kdsmlkdsngw dfc Wgnlfgl dfc soqducw
Gdulluw nf Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~
Gofslfsw
L}lg|snpl W|kkdu~ 4
Xdus Ofl9 Nfsuoc|gsnof dfc Klsmocoboa~ 7
Xdus Sqo9 Qoklf nf Lfanfllunfa 44
Xdus Smull9 Dgdclkng Nfslulwsw dfc Gdullu Xul`lulfglw o` o|fa Qoklf 4<
Xdus @o|u9 @dgsouw smds wmdxl sml Dssns|clw o` o|fa Qoklf soqducw Kdsmlkdsngw
dfc Wgnlfgl dfc soqducw Gdulluw nf Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~ 4=
Xdus @npl9 Gofgb|wnof 5>
Dxxlfcn} D9 @og|w Auo|x T|lwsnofw 75
Dxxlfcn} E9 Sldgmlu Nfslupnlq T|lwsnofw 77
Dxxlfcn} G9 Ws|clfs W|upl~ 73
Dxxlfcn} C9 Wsllunfa Gokknssll 7=
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 5/42
Unams `ou Kl?
L}lg|snpl W|kkdu~
‥ Smnw ws|c~ l}dknflw sml `dgsouw smds kosnpdsl sml lc|gdsnofdb dfc gdullu gmonglw o` ~o|fa
qoklf nf mnam wgmoob Sml `nfcnfaw dul edwlc of9 d w|upl~ o` ~o|fa qoklf nf wlgofcdu~
wgmoob -350 ulwxofwlw." `og|w auo|xw qnsm ~o|fa qoklf nf wlgofcdu~ wgmoob ->= xdusngnxdfsw."
dfc nfslupnlqw qnsm wlgofcdu~ wgmoob sldgmluw nf kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl -58 nfslupnlqw. @npl
wgmoobw xdusngnxdslc nf sml ws|c~ Smlwl qlul bogdslc nf Gdbadu~" Mdbn`d}" Kofsuldb" Souofso" dfc
Qnffnxla
‥ Lfuobklfs cdsd nf lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ xuoaudkw wmoq d xuofo|fglc endw soqduc klf
Nf ulglfs ~lduw" dkofa `nuws ~ldu ws|clfsw ds sml gobblal blplb" lfanfllunfa dfc dxxbnlc wgnlfgl
xuoaudkw dggo|fslc `ou dxxuo}nkdslb~ 30, o` lfuobklfsw e~ klf e|s `lqlu smdf 48, o`
lfuobklfsw e~ qoklf4 Ds sml |fnpluwns~ blplb" d`slu unwnfa kocludslb~ `ou wlpludb ~lduw" sml
qoklf„w wmdul o` |fcluaudc|dsl lfuobklfsw nf |fnpluwns~ lfanfllunfa xuoaudkw mdw `dbblf edgj
so 41<," qmngm nw coqf `uok 54, nf 4>>>5
‥ Sml wogndb wgnlfgl bnsluds|ul w|aalwsw pduno|w l}xbdfdsnofw ou sml alfclu endw nf lfuobklfsw nfkdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl w|eilgsw dfc `ou sml lplf koul xuofo|fglc alfclu endw nf lfuobklfsw
nf lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ xuoaudkw Smnw ws|c~ blfcw wsuofa w|xxous so wokl o` smowl
l}xbdfdsnofw dfc qldj ou fo w|xxous so osmluw
‥ Jl~ `nfcnfaw qlul9
4 D bdual kdiouns~ o` ~o|fa qoklf co fos mdpl d aooc |fcluwsdfcnfa o` qmds lfanfllunfa
dfc slgmfoboa~ gdulluw lfsdnb dfc smlul`oul gdffos dwxnul so smowl gdulluw Ofb~ 45<,
mdc mlduc o` Fdsnofdb Lfanfllunfa Kofsm" qmnbl ofb~ >, ulxouslc mdpnfa mlduc o`
Fdsnofdb Slgmfoboa~ Qllj
5 Dkofa sml knfouns~ o` ~o|fa qoklf qmo mdc d elsslu |fcluwsdfcnfa o` lfanfllunfa dfc
slgmfoboa~ gdulluw ‗ o`slf smuo|am d xdulfs ou gbowl ulbdsnpl ‗ smnw auldslu jfoqblcal cnc
fos sudfwbdsl nfso df nfslulws nf xowswlgofcdu~ ws|cnlw nf lfanfllunfa ou slgmfoboa~
7 D bdual kdiouns~ o` ~o|fa qoklf mdpl fladsnpl xluglxsnofw o` lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~
ogg|xdsnofw Dbsmo|am d wkdbb knfouns~ o` ~o|fa qoklf xluglnpl lfanfllunfa dfc
slgmfoboa~ dw xuopncnfa oxxous|fnsnlw so el guldsnpl dfc so qouj nf sldkw" kows lt|dsl
lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ -e|s lwxlgndbb~ lfanfllunfa. qnsm gofwsu|gsnof qouj" o|scoou
qouj" qoujnfa nf d g|engbl" dfc ulbdsnfa xunkdunb~ so gokx|sluw dfc kdgmnflw" udsmlu smdf
xloxbl Boqlu wsds|w nw dssune|slc so lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ ogg|xdsnofw nf gokxdunwof
qnsm sml mldbsm dfc wogndb wgnlfglw
3 Gokxdulc so ~o|fa klf" ~o|fa qoklf co fos mdpl uobl koclbw qmo lfgo|udal smlk so
gofwnclu lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ gdulluw Uobl koclbw" nfgb|cnfa mnam wgmoob sldgmluw
dfc nfc|wsu~ xuo`lwwnofdbw" qlul pnlqlc dw l}sulklb~ nkxousdfs e~ eosm sldgmluw dfc ~o|fa
qoklf
4 Wsdsnwsngw Gdfdcd" GDFWNK" Sdebl 311+8880
5 Edwlc of cdsd w|xxbnlc e~ Lfanflluw Gdfdcd
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 6/42
Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~ Bdeo|u Kdujls Ws|c
Ulgokklfcdsnofw9
4 Soalsmlu qnsm nfc|wsu~" sml lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ xuo`lwwnofw wmo|bc gdul`|bb~ ulpnlq gdullu
nf`oukdsnof dfc gdullu xuokosnof wsudslanlw Ns kd~ el dxxuoxundsl so clplbox wlxdudsl gdullu
nf`oukdsnof kdslundbw `ou ~o|fa qoklf Ds sml plu~ bldws" gdullu nf`oukdsnof kdslundbw fllc so
cldb koul clbneludslb~ qnsm sml dssune|slw smds ~o|fa qoklf dxxldu so wllj koul wsuofab~ nf d
gdullu -wogndb lfadalklfs" ”kdjnfa d cn``lulfgl„" guldsnpns~" qoujnfa nf sldkw. Gdullu nf`oukdsnof
kdslundb dfc gdullu xuoaudkw dbwo fllcw so sdgjbl fladsnpl xluglxsnofw
5 Sml lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ xuo`lwwnofw fllc so dcculww sml `lkdbl uobl koclb cl`ngns e~
gofwnclunfa d xuoaudk smds qnbb eunfa ~o|fa qoklf nf mnam wgmoob nf gofsdgs qnsm qoklf nf
lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~
7 Sml xuopnfgndb dfc sluunsoundb lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ xuo`lwwnofdb dwwogndsnofw wmo|bc nfnsndsl"
qmlul sml~ mdpl fos dbuldc~ cofl wo" gdullu xuokosnof wsudslanlw smds dul gofwnwslfs qnsm sml
`nfcnfaw o` smnw ws|c~ Lfanflluw Gdfdcd dfc sml Gdfdcndf Go|fgnb o` Slgmfngndfw dfc
Slgmfoboanwsw wmo|bc oxludsl dw gbldunfa mo|wlw `ou cnwwlknfdsnfa sml ulw|bsw o` smlwl nfnsndsnplw
Lfanflluw Gdfdcd dfc sml Gdfdcndf Go|fgnb o` Slgmfngndfw dfc Slgmfoboanwsw wmo|bc gofwnclu
dff|dbb~ ou enlffndbb~ x|ebnwmnfa d w|upl~ o` sulfcw nf lfuobklfsw smds qnbb nclfsn`~ xuoaulww"
qmlul ns mdw ellf kdcl" nf dcculwwnfa sml alfclu nkedbdfgl nf lfuobklfsw
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 7/42
Unams `ou Kl?
Nfsuoc|gsnof
Lfuobklfs cdsd nf lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ xuoaudkw wmoq d xuofo|fglc endw soqduc kdblw Nf
ulglfs ~lduw" dkofa `nuws ~ldu ws|clfsw ds sml gobblal blplb" lfanfllunfa dfc dxxbnlc wgnlfgl xuo+
audkw dggo|fslc `ou dxxuo}nkdslb~ 30, o` lfuobklfsw e~ klf e|s `lqlu smdf 48, o` lfuobklfsw
e~ qoklf7 Ds sml |fnpluwns~ blplb" d`slu unwnfa kocludslb~ `ou wlpludb ~lduw" sml qoklf„w wmdul o`
|fcluaudc|dsl lfuobklfsw nf |fnpluwns~ lfanfllunfa xuoaudkw mdw `dbblf edgj so 41<," qmngm nw
coqf `uok 54, nf 4>>>3
Sml wjlqlc clkoaudxmng xuo`nbl o` sml lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ xuo`lwwnofw mdw kosnpdslc
f|kluo|w ws|cnlw o` sml `dgsouw elmnfc gofsnf|nfa kdbl coknfdfgl o` |fnpluwns~ dfc gobblal
dcknwwnofw nfso lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ xuoaudkw L}xbdfdsnofw `ou sml boq f|kelu o` qoklf
dxxbngdfsw `ou smlwl xuoaudkw pduno|wb~ dwwnaf xunkdu~ nkxousdfgl so lgofokng" wogno+g|bs|udb" ou
xw~gmoboangdb `dgsouw Wokl mdpl w|aalwslc smds sml f|kelu o` qoklf lfslunfa lfanfllunfa dfc
slgmfoboa~ mdw ‒mns d abdww glnbnfa‛" nkxb~nfa smds smlul dul eduunluw smds nkxlcl df~ wnafn`ngdfs
nkxuoplklfs nf sml qoklf„w wmdul o` |fnpluwns~ dfc gobblal dcknwwnofw nfso lfanfllunfa dfc
slgmfoboa~ xuoaudkw
Sml `dnb|ul so w|wsdnf lplf kocludsl nfguldwlw
nf sml qoklf„w wmdul o` lfuobklfs nf slgmfoboa~
dfc lfanfllunfa xuoaudkw nw |fwlssbnfa
F|kluo|w nfnsndsnplw" w|xxouslc e~ aoplufklfsw"
e~ sml lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ xuo`lwwnofw"
dfc e~ |fnpluwnsnlw dfc gobblalw mdpl wsunplf so gouulgs sml alfclu nkedbdfgl Wokl o` smlwl
xuoaudkw dul cnwg|wwlc nf df dggokxdf~nfa ulxous" Dgmnlpnfa Cnpluwns~9 Wsudslanlw smds Qouj Smnw ulxous nw dbwo dpdnbdebl of sml Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~ Bdeo|u Kdujls Ws|c~ qlewnsl9
mssx9//lsbkwlfanflluwgdfdcdgd Sml xdudco} nw smds" ds sml ”knguo blplb„" smlul nw gokxlbbnfa
lpnclfgl smds w|xxous xuoaudkw qouj Dfc ~ls" ds sml ”kdguo blplb„ ns mdw xuoplf cn``ng|bs so
wnafn`ngdfsb~ gmdfal sml alfclu sulfcw nf lfuobklfsw
Smnw ws|c~ boojw elmnfc lfuobklfs sulfcw so dwj qmds `dgsouw kosnpdsl sml lc|gdsnofdb gmonglw o`
~o|fa qoklf nf mnam wgmoob Wxlgn`ngdbb~" smnw ws|c~ dwjw sqo t|lwsnofw9
@nuws" qmds `dgsouw lfgo|udal ou cnwgo|udal qoklf nf mnam wgmoob so sdjl sml kdsmlkdsngw dfc
wgnlfgl go|uwlw smds dul ult|nulc `ou dcknwwnof nfso lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ xuoaudkw?
Wlgofc" qmds `dgsouw lfgo|udal ou cnwgo|udal qoklf nf mnam wgmoob qmo mdpl sdjlf sml
ult|nwnsl kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl go|uwlw so w|ewlt|lfsb~ x|uw|l ou fos x|uw|l lfanfllunfa
ou slgmfoboa~ ws|cnlw ds sml |fnpluwns~ ou gobblal blplb?
7 Wsdsnwsngw Gdfdcd" GDFWNK" Sdebl 311+8880
3 Cdsd w|xxbnlc e~ Lfanflluw Gdfdcd
Xdus 49 Nfsuoc|gsnof dfc Klsmocoboa~
Smnw ws|c~ nw xdus o` sml Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~ Bdeo|u Kdujls
Ws|c~ smds nw elnfa |fclusdjlf e~ Lfanflluw Gdfdcd dfc sml
Gdfdcndf Go|fgnb o` Slgmfngndfw dfc Slgmfoboanwsw" qnsm w|xxous
`uok M|kdf Ulwo|uglw dfc Wjnbbw Clplboxklfs Gdfdcd
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 8/42
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 9/42
Unams `ou Kl?
7& Soo `lq xdulfsw lfgo|udal smlnu cd|amsluw so ws|c~ kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl dfc
so gofwnclu lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ gdullu oxsnofw&
Xdulfsw xuoilgs l}xlgsdsnofw ofso smlnu gmnbculf E~ confa wo" xdulfsw `owslu gdullu l}xlgsdsnofw
smds smlnu gmnbculf o`slf nfslufdbnyl dfc bdslu dnk so dgmnlpl 1 Wokl xdulfsw kd~ xuoilgs l}xlgsd+
snofw smds ul`blgs euodc g|bs|udb foukw of alfclu uoblw Osmlu xdulfsw kd~ gofwgno|wb~ xuoilgs
l}xlgsdsnofw smds ao dadnfws sml audnf o` euodc g|bs|udb foukw Sml nkxdgs o` xdulfsw of sml
dgdclkng dfc gdullu gmonglw o` smlnu gmnbculf nw df l}gllcnfab~ gokxbl} nww|l Smnw ws|c~ qdw
debl so booj ds ofb~ ofl dwxlgs o` xdulfsdb nf b|lfgl Wxlgn`ngdbb~" sml ws|c~ l}xboulw sml
wnafn`ngdfgl `ou dgdclkng dfc gdullu gmongl o` mdpnfa d xdulfs ou ulbdsnpl nf lfanfllunfa dfc
slgmfoboa~ Sml m~xosmlwnw ql l}dknfl nw smds ~o|fa qoklf qnsm d xdulfs ou gbowl ulbdsnpl
nf lfanfllunfa ou slgmfoboa~ qnbb wmoq d auldslu nfgbnfdsnof soqducw smowl ogg|xdsnofw dfc
qnbb dbwo el koul nfgbnflc so sdjl sml kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl go|uwlw smds dul xul+ult|nwnslw
so ws|c~nfa smlwl `nlbcw ds sml xowswlgofcdu~ blplb
3& Xlluw dul nkxousdfs nf`b|lfgluw& @ou ~o|fa qoklf" xllu nf`b|lfgl lfgo|udalw d
fladsnpl dssns|cl soqducw ws|c~nfa kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl dfc soqducw lfslunfa
lfanfllunfa ou slgmfoboa~ xuoaudkw ds sml xowswlgofcdu~ blplb&
C|unfa dcoblwglfgl" `unlfcwmnx gnugblw elgokl nfguldwnfab~ nkxousdfs Ns mdw ellf w|aalwslc
smds xlluw nf`b|lfgl sml bnjlbnmooc o` d ws|clfs x|uw|nfa kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl go|uwlw
Smnw xllu nf`b|lfgl kd~ lnsmlu kopl nf sml wdkl cnulgsnof ou nf sml oxxownsl cnulgsnof o`
xdulfsdb dfc `dknb~ nf`b|lfgl Ns mdw ellf `o|fc smds qmlf d ~o|fa xluwof„w `unlfcw l}glb nf
kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl" smnw mdw d xownsnpl nf`b|lfgl of sml bnjlbnmooc o` osmluw nf smlnu
`unlfcwmnx gnugbl gofsnf|nfa nf smlwl w|eilgsw= Sml nf`b|lfgl o` xlluw of gdullu dwxnudsnofw nw
gokxbl} Ns nw cn``ng|bs so clsluknfl qmlsmlu xlluw nf`b|lfgl gdullu dfc dgdclkng dwxnudsnofw
ou qmlsmlu" nf smlnu wlblgsnof o` xlluw" nfcnpnc|dbw audpnsdsl so xluwofw qmo dbuldc~ mdpl
wnknbdu dwxnudsnofw
<& Kdbl coknfdfgl o` wgnlfgl dfc kdsmlkdsngw gbdwwlw cnwgo|udalw ~o|fa qoklf
`uok gofsnf|nfa nf smlwl w|eilgsw smuo|am so audc|dsnof&
Ns mdw ellf w|aalwslc smds kdbl coknfdfgl o` gbdwwlw nf wgnlfgl dfc kdsmlkdsngw w|eilgsw
guldslw d fladsnpl dskowxmlul `ou ~o|fa qoklf dfc nw" nf dfc o` nswlb`" d clsluulfs so koul
~o|fa qoklf gofsnf|nfa qnsm wgnlfgl dfc kdsmlkdsngw go|uwlw smuo|am so audc|dsnof
0& Smlul nw d w|esbl" e|s wnafn`ngdfs" alfclu endw nf wgnlfgl dfc kdsmlkdsngw
g|uung|b|k kdslundbw smds cnwgo|udalw ~o|fa qoklf `uok gofsnf|nfa nf smlwl
w|eilgsw smuo|am so audc|dsnof&
Ns mdw ellf w|aalwslc smds g|uung|b|k kdslundbw gokk|fngdsl w|esbl alfclu endwlw Smlwl
endwlw cnwgo|udal ~o|fa qoklf `uok x|uw|nfa kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl w|eilgsw
1 Nf d bofans|cnfdb ws|c~" alfclu+s~xlc ogg|xdsnofdb l}xlgsdsnofw mlbc e~ xdulfsw `ou smlnu gmnbculf qlul `o|fc so nf`b|lfgl smlnu gmnbc„w ogg|xd+
snofdb gmonglw qmlf kldw|ulc nf dc|bsmooc ds dal 5= @ou d `|bb clwgunxsnof o` sml ws|c~" wll Gmmnf" GW" Eblljlu" KK" dfc Idgoew" IL -588=.
Alfclu+s~xlc ogg|xdsnofdb gmonglw9 Sml bofa+sluk nkxdgs o` xdulfsw„ elbnl`w dfc l}xlgsdsnofw Nf MKA Qdss dfc IW Lggblw -Lcw."Alfclu dfc
ogg|xdsnofdb o|sgoklw -xx 54<+57<. Qdwmnfasof9 Dklungdf Xw~gmoboangdb Dwwogndsnof
= Unlabl+Gu|ke" G" @dujdw" A" dfc K|bblu G -5880. Sml uobl o` alfclu dfc `unlfcwmnx nf dcpdfglc go|uwl sdjnfaWognoboa~ o` Lc|gdsnof"
1>-7." 580+55=
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 10/42
Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~ Bdeo|u Kdujls Ws|c
1& ^o|fa qoklf co fos mdpl d aooc |fcluwsdfcnfa o` qmds lfanfllunfa dfc
slgmfoboa~ gdulluw lfsdnb dfc smlul`oul gdffos dwxnul so smowl gdulluw&
Ns nw w|aalwslc smds d alfludb bdgj o` jfoqblcal deo|s lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ xuo`lwwnofw
cnwgo|udalw ~o|fa qoklf `uok dwxnunfa so smowl xuo`lwwnofw dfc" e~ nf`lulfgl" ulc|glw sml
bnjlbnmooc o` ~o|fa qoklf sdjnfa kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl w|eilgsw> Ns wmo|bc el foslc
smds smnw nw d woklqmds cn``lulfs l}xbdfdsnof smdf sml ”fladsnpl xluglxsnofw„ l}xbdfdsnof smds
qnbb el cnwg|wwlc fl}s Smnw l}xbdfdsnof `og|wlw of sml bdgj o` jfoqblcal" wnfgl jfoqblcal
deo|s d gdullu nw d xulult|nwnsl so dwxnunfa so smds gdullu
=& ^o|fa qoklf mdpl fladsnpl xluglxsnofw o` lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~
ogg|xdsnofw&
Lplf koul wsuofab~ smdf d alfludb bdgj o` jfoqblcal deo|s lfanfllunfa xuo`lwwnofw" fladsnpl
xluglxsnofw o` smlwl xuo`lwwnofw qnbb cnwgo|udal ~o|fa qoklf `uok x|uw|nfa smlwl
xuo`lwwnofw dw gdulluw Ns nw so el wsulwwlc smds sml lkxmdwnw mlul nw of xluglxsnofw" fos of sml
dgs|db gnug|kwsdfglw o` lfanfllunfa xuo`lwwnofw Smlul nw wokl lpnclfgl" `ou l}dkxbl" smds
kdf~ nf mnam wgmoob lt|dsl lfanfllunfa qnsm gofwsu|gsnof dfc ulilgs lfanfllunfa elgd|wl
sml~ mdpl fo nfslulws nf gofwsu|gsnof qouj48
>& Gokxdulc so ~o|fa klf" ~o|fa qoklf mdpl `lqlu uobl koclbw qmo lfgo|udal
smlk so sdjl kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl go|uwlw dfc so gofwnclu lfanfllunfa dfc
slgmfoboa~ gdulluw&
Sml nkxousdfgl o` uobl koclbw nw qnclb~ ulgoafnylc @lkdbl uobl koclbw gdf gouulgs
knwxluglxsnofw" wlupl dw klfsouw" dfc xuopncl dplf|lw `ou flsqoujnfa44 Wokl mdpl w|aalwslc
smds uobl koclbw dul lwxlgndbb~ nkxousdfs qmlf wlljnfa so dbslu alfclu xdsslufw nf gdulluw dfc
dgdclkng ws|cnlw dfc smds sml ulbdsnpl cldusm o` `lkdbl uobl koclbw nw df nkxousdfs `dgsou
l}xbdnfnfa sml boq xuoxousnof o` ~o|fa qoklf qmo x|uw|l lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ gdulluw
Smnw ws|c~ gdffos" e~ nswlb` pdbncdsl ou nfpdbncdsl df~ o` sml w|aalwslc l}xbdfdsnofw `ou sml
oewluplc alfclu xdsslufw nf lfanfllunfa ws|cnlw dfc nf lfanfllunfa ogg|xdsnofw Moqlplu"
smnw ws|c~ colw blfc koclws" e|s nkxousdfs" lkxnungdb w|xxous so wokl smlounlw" dfc ds sml
wdkl snkl w|aalwsw smds osmlu smlounlw kd~ mdpl blww l}xbdfdsou~ xoqlu smdf nw woklsnklw
elbnlplc @na|ul Fo 4 w|kkdunylw sml `dgsouw nfplwsnadslc nf smnw ws|c~
> Dfcluwof" B W & Anbeuncl J D -588<." cnwgoplulc smds mnam wgmoob `lkdblw ulbdsnpl so kdblw ulxouslc auldslu |fglusdnfs~ -08, pluw|w 3=,.
uladucnfa smlnu jfoqblcal o` lfanfllunfa ogg|xdsnofw @|usmlu" jfoqblcal deo|s lfanfllunfa qdw `o|fc so wbnamsb~ nfguldwl ulxouslc nfslulws nf
lfanfllunfa" nfcngdsnfa smds jfoqblcal dbofa qnsm osmlu `dgsouw dul ds xbd~ qmlf gofslkxbdsnfa gdullu aodbw @ou d `|bb clwgunxsnof o` sml ws|c~
wll Dfcluwof" B W & Anbeuncl" J D -588<. Nkdal o` lfanfllunfa dkofa Gdfdcndf mnam wgmoob ws|clfsw=sm \NGLL Dff|db Gof lulfgl of
Lfanfllunfa Lc|gdsnof Jnfawsof" Idkdngd
48 D ‒Cudq df Lfanfllu Slws‛" ulpldblc smds ws|clfsw nf Audclw 7 so 45" xousud~lc lfanfllunfa qnsm sml |wl o` soobw dfc qnsm nkdalw o` e|nbc+
nfa/`n}nfa Ws|clfsw qlul bnjlb~ so clwgunel lfanfllunfa nf ulxdnu+s~xl dgsnpnsnlw w|gm dw ulxdnunfa gdu lfanflw" dfc xb|kenfa Mnam wgmoob
ws|clfsw qlul koul bnjlb~ so dwwogndsl lfanfllunfa qnsm guldsnpl clwnaf qouj pluw|w ws|clfsw nf ldubnlu audclw @ou d `|bb clwgunxsnof wll Jfnams"
K & G|ffnfamdk" G -5883. Cudq df lfanfllu slws -CDLS.9 Clplboxklfs o` d soob so nfplwsnadsl ws|clfsw„ ncldw deo|s lfanflluw dfc
lfanfllunfa Nf Xuogllcnfaw o` sml 5883 Dklungdf Wognls~ `ou Lfanfllunfa Lc|gdsnof Dff|db Gof`lulfgl dfc L}xownsnof Dklungdf Wognls~ `ou
Lfanfllunfa Lc|gdsnof
44 Xdgjduc" E Q" & Qofa" C -4>>1. Gbdwm o` @|s|ul Wlbplw nf Gobblal9 Qoklf Gofwnclunfa Wgnlfgl Gdulluw Xdxlu xulwlfslc ds sml Dklungdf
Lc|gdsnofdb Ulwldugm Dwwogndsnof Dff|db Kllsnfa" Gmngdao
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 11/42
Unams `ou Kl?
Dssns|clw o` ~o|fa
qoklf soqducw
kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl
dfc soqducw gdulluw nf
lfanfllunfa dfc
slgmfoboa~
Xluglxsnofw o`
lfanfllunfa dfc
slgmfoboa~
ogg|xdsnofw
Gokxdulc so
~o|fa klf"
~o|fa qoklf
mdpl `lqlu uobl
koclbw
^o|fa qoklf dul
wsuldklc o|s o`kdsmlkdsngw dfc
wgnlfglw
Euodc g|bs|udb
`dgsouw
Xdulfsdb
lfgo|udalklfs
Xlluw dul
nkxousdfsnf`b|lfgluw
Kdbl coknfdfgl
o` wgnlfgl dfc
kdsmlkdsngw
gbdwwlw
Alfclu endw nf
wgnlfgl dfc
kdsmlkdsngw
g|uung|b|k
Jfoqblcal dfc
|fcluwsdfcnfa
o` lfanfllunfa
dfc slgmfoboa~
gdulluw
Dssns|clw o` ~o|fa
qoklf soqducw
kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl
dfc soqducw gdulluw nf
lfanfllunfa dfc
lgmfoboa~
luglxsnofw o`
lfanfllunfa dfc
lgmfoboa~
ogg|xdsnofw
Gok
~o|fa klf"
~o|fa qoklf
mdpl `lqlu uobl
oclbw
^o|fa qoklf du
wsuldklc o|s o`dsmlkdsngw
wgnlfglw
c g|bs|udb
`dgsouw
dulfsdb
lfgo|udalklf
Xlluw dul
nkxousdfs`b|lfgluw
Kdbl coknfdfgl
o` wgnlfgl dfc
dsmlkdsngw
gbdwwlw
Alfclu endw nf
wgnlfgl dfc
kdsmlkdsngw
g|uung|b|k
foqblcal dfc
|fcluwsdfcnfa
o` lfanfllunfa
fc slgmfoboa~
gdulluw
@na|ul Fo& 4Xoslfsndb @dgsouw D``lgsnfa Lc|gdsnofdb dfc Gdullu Gmongl dkofa ^o|fa Qoklf nf Wlgofcdu~ Wgmoob
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 12/42
Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~ Bdeo|u Kdujls Ws|c
Klsmocoboa~
Smnw ulxous |wlc smull ulwldugm klsmocw9
4 W|upl~ o` ~o|fa qoklf nf wlgofcdu~ wgmoob5 @og|w auo|xw qnsm ~o|fa qoklf nf wlgofcdu~ wgmoob7 Nfslupnlqw qnsm wlgofcdu~ wgmoob sldgmluw nf kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl
Ws|clfsw dfc sldgmluw nf `npl wlgofcdu~ wgmoobw qlul nfpnslc so xdusngnxdsl nf smnw ws|c~ Sml wgmoobw
qlul bogdslc nf9 Gdbadu~" Mdbn`d}" Kofsuldb" Souofso" dfc Qnffnxla Sml d|smouw o` sml ulxous qnwmso l}xulww smlnu dxxulgndsnof so sml ws|clfsw" sldgmluw dfc eoduc o` lc|gdsnof `ou smlnu w|xxous dfcdwwnwsdfgl nf gofc|gsnfa sml ws|c~D xuo`nbl o` sml xdusngnxdfsw nw o|sbnflc elboq
Sml W|upl~
‥ Sml wdkxbl gofwnwsw o` 350 ulwxofwlw `uok ~o|fa qoklf nf wlgofcdu~ wgmoob
‥ Sml cdsd nw wjlqlc so ulwxofclfsw `uok Ofsduno dfc Kdfnsoed elgd|wl dgnbnsdsouw nf
smlwl ulanofw mldpnb~ xuokoslc sml w|upl~
‥ Sml wdkxbl nw ulxulwlfsdsnpl dguoww dal auo|xw dfc audcl blplbw Sml sdeblw dfc audxmw
elboq xuopncl d clwgunxsnof o` sml ulanofdb xuo`nbl" dbofa qnsm sml dal dfc audcl
cnwsune|snof o` sml wdkxbl
@na|ul Fo& 5Ulanofdb Cnwsune|snof o` W|upl~ Xdusngnxdfsw
@na|ul Fo& 7Cnwsune|snof o` W|upl~ Xdusngnxdfsw e~ Dal dfc Audcl blplb
Xuopnfgl , o` Ulwxofclfsw
Ofsduno 0=5,
Kdfnsoed 57<,
Dbelusd <5,
Fopd Wgosnd 45,
T|lelg 45,
Eunsnwm Gob|kend 8<,
Xunfgl Lcqduc Nwbdfc 85,
Sosdb 488,
78,
5<,
58,
4<,
48,
<,
8,
78,
5<,
58,
4<,
48,
<,
8,
43 dfc 4< 40 41 dfc oplu
|fclu
> 48 44 45
Dal o` Ulwxofclfs Audcl Blplb
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 13/42
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 14/42
Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~ Bdeo|u Kdujls Ws|c~
Ulxous Wsu|gs|ul
Smnw nfsuoc|gsnof nw `obboqlc e~ Xdus 5" qmngm clwgunelw nf koul clsdnb sml g|uulfs sulfcw nf lfan+
fllunfa lfuobklfsw dfc nf lfanfllunfa ogg|xdsnofw Nf Xdus 7" dgdclkng dfc gdullu xul`lulfglw
dkofa ~o|fa qoklf nf wlgofcdu~ wgmoob nw xuopnclc Nf Xdus @o|u" sml `dgsouw nf`b|lfgnfa dssns|clw
soqducw kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl dfc soqducw gdulluw nf lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ nw l}xboulc"
`obboqlc bdwsb~ e~ Xdus <" qmngm nfgb|clw d wlunlw o` gofgb|cnfa ulkdujw
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 15/42
Sml G|uulfs Qouj`ougl
Qoklf gokxunwlc 31 , o` sml qouj`ougl nf sml 5880 Glfw|w Nf Slgmfngndf dfc Slgmfoboanws
ogg|xdsnofw" sml xdusngnxdsnof udsl o` qoklf udfalc `uok <, so 31," clxlfcnfa of sml slgmfngdb
`nlbc" qnsm sml dpludal elnfa 4>, nf 5880 @ou lfanflluw sml udfal o` xdusngnxdsnof qdw 1, so 55 ,
qnsm sml dpludal elnfa 47,
@na|ul Fo& 0Qoklf„w Wmdul o` sml LSS Qouj`ougl
Wsdsnwsngw Gdfdcd" Glfw|w 4>>0" 5884" 588045
@na|ul Fo 0 gofsnf|lw of sml fl}s xdal
4 Unams `ou Kl?
Xdus Sqo9 Qoklf nf Lfanfllunfa
Lfanfllunfa" Slgmfngndfw dfc Slgmfoboanwsw , Qoklf
4>>0 5884 5880
Dnugud`s nfwsu|klfs" lblgsungdb dfc dpnofngw klgmdfngw" slgmfngndfw dfc nfwxlgsouw 1, =, 1,
Dxxbnlc gmlkngdb slgmfoboanwsw dfc slgmfngndfw 7=, 33, 31,Gnpnb lfanfllunfa slgmfoboanwsw dfc slgmfngndfw dfc gofwsu|gsnof lwsnkdsouw =, 48, 44,
Gofwsu|gsnof nfwxlgsouw 0, 1, 45,
Cud`snfa slgmfoboanwsw dfc slgmfngndfw 4=, 57, 50,
Lblgsungdb dfc lblgsuofngw lfanfllunfa slgmfoboanwsw dfc slgmfngndfw 45, 45, 48,
Lblgsuofng wlupngl slgmfngndfw -mo|wlmobc dfc e|wnflww lt|nxklfs. =, =, =,
Lfanfllunfa nfwxlgsouw dfc ula|bdsou~ o``ngluw 4<, 40, 58,
Aloboangdb dfc knfludb slgmfoboanwsw dfc slgmfngndfw 54, 5=, 5<,
Nfc|wsundb clwnafluw 4>, 55, 50,
Nfc|wsundb lfanfllunfa dfc kdf|`dgs|unfa slgmfoboanwsw dfc slgmfngndfw 4>, 58, 4>,
Nfc|wsundb nfwsu|klfs slgmfngndfw dfc klgmdfngw 7, 3, <,
Nfwxlgsouw nf x|ebng dfc lfpnuofklfsdb mldbsm dfc ogg|xdsnofdb mldbsm dfc wd`ls~ 5<, 78, 7<,
Kdxxnfa dfc ulbdslc slgmfoboanwsw dfc slgmfngndfw 5>, 7<, 73,
Klgmdfngdb lfanfllunfa slgmfoboanwsw dfc slgmfngndfw 0, =, 1,
Klslouoboangdb slgmfngndfw 4=, 5>, 53,
Fof+clwsu|gsnpl slwsluw dfc nfwxlgsouw >, 44, =,
W|upl~ slgmfoboanwsw dfc slgmfngndfw 44, 47, 40,
Dbb Slgmfngndf dfc Slgmfoboanwsw 4<, 4=, 4>,
Dbb Lfanfllunfa Slgmfngndf dfc Slgmfoboa~ Ogg|xdsnofw 47, 40, 41,
45 Cdsd `ou Gokx|slu Lfanflluw nw dpdnbdebl `ou 5880 @lkdblw gokxunwlc 47, o` smnw ogg|xdsnofdb auo|x" qmngm kdsgmlw sml dpludal `ou dbb
lfanflluw nf 5880
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 16/42
Sml @|s|ul Qouj`ougl9 Sulfcw nf Lfuobklfs Udslw
Sml bnjlbnmooc o` nfguldwnfa sml xdusngnxdsnof udsl o` qoklf nf lfanfllunfa ogg|xdsnofw nf sml fldu`|s|ul nw t|lwsnofdebl anplf ulglfs lfuobklfs sulfcw nf |fcluaudc|dsl xuoaudkw D`slu d w|gglwwnpl
nfguldwl nf sml f|kelu o` qoklf lfuobbnfa nf |fcluaudc|dsl xuoaudkw" smuo|amo|s sml 4>>8w"
|fnpluwns~ dcknfnwsudsouw dul qnsflwwnfa d cuox nf `lkdbl |fcluaudc|dsl lfuobklfsw @ou nfwsdfgl" `uok
5888 so 5881" `lkdbl lfuobklfs udsl clguldwlc e~ 4,47 Nf dewob|sl f|keluw" `lkdbl lfuobklfsw
xldjlc nf 5885" dfc mdpl cuoxxlc ldgm w|ewlt|lfs ~ldu Ds smnw xonfs nf snkl" sml qoklf„w wmdul o`
|fcluaudc|dsl lfuobklfsw nw uo|amb~ ds sml wdkl blplb ulbdsnpl so d clgdcl ou koul dao -wll @na|ul 1.
@na|ul Fo& 1F|kelu dfc Wmdul o` Qoklf nf \fcluaudc|dsl Lfuobklfsw nf Dggulcnslc Lfanfllunfa Xuoaudkw"Lfanflluw Gdfdcd
Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~ Bdeo|u Kdujls Ws|c~
Lfanflluw , Qoklf
4>>0 5884 5880
Knfnfa lfanflluw 0, 48, 1,
Klgmdfngdb lfanflluw 0, 1, >,
Lblgsungdb dfc lblgsuofngw lfanflluw =, >, 48,
Dluowxdgl lfanflluw =, 48, 44,
Gnpnb lfanflluw =, 48, 45,
Klsdbb|uangdb dfc kdslundbw lfanflluw 0, 47, 45,
Aloboangdb lfanflluw 44, 43, 47,
Xlsuobl|k lfanflluw 1, 44, 4<,
Nfc|wsundb dfc kdf|`dgs|unfa lfanflluw 48, 43, 4<,
Osmlu xuo`lwwnofdb lfanflluw" flg >, 45, 4=,
Gmlkngdb lfanflluw 43, 4=, 55,
Dbb Lfanflluw =, 45, 47,
Dbb Lfanfllunfa Slgmfngndf dfc Slgmfoboa~ Ogg|xdsnofw 47, 40, 41,
47 Dfcluwof" B & Gobwdfsl" W -588=" Foplkelu. Xulwlfsdsnof dsLfanflluw Gdfdcd„w Fdsnofdb Gof`lulfgl of Qoklf nf Lfanfllunfa Bofcof" Ofsduno
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 17/42
7 Unams `ou Kl?
Nf slukw o` audc|dsl lfuobklfsw" smlul nw d wnknbdu xuoxousnof o` qoklf lfuobbnfa nf kdwsluw dfc
cogsoudsl xuoaudkw ulbdsnpl so |fcluaudc|dsl xuoaudkw @ou nfwsdfgl elsqllf 5884 so 588< dplu+
dal lfuobklfsw nf audc|dsl xuoaudkw qdw 54, -nfgb|cnfa `oulnaf `lkdbl ws|clfsw." qmluldw dplu+
dal |fcluaudc|dsl `lkdbl lfuobklfsw `ou smnw snkl xlunoc qdw 55, Wnknbdu so sulfcw nf |fclu+
audc|dsl lfuobklfsw" sml xuoxousnof o` Gdfdcndf `lkdbl audc|dsl ws|clfsw dbwo wmoqw wnafw o`
clgbnfl" wxlgn`ngdbb~ `uok 5884 so 588< lfuobklfsw clgbnflc e~ 4<,43
Lfanflluw" Slgmfngndfw dfc Slgmfoboanwsw pluw|w Osmlu Ogg|xdsnofw
D kdbl kdiouns~ nf d qoujxbdgl wlssnfa nw fos df nwobdslc xmlfoklfof @ou nfwsdfgl" mnwsoungdbb~
xm~wngndfw dfc bdq~luw qlul kdbl coknfdslc ogg|xdsnofw" moqlplu sml bdsslu auo|xw mdpl kdcl
auldslu wsunclw nf nfguldwnfa smlnu wmdul o` `lkdbl ulxulwlfsdsnof D gokxdunwof o` sml 4>=0 dfc
5880 Glfw|w ulpldbw smds sml xuoxousnof o` qoklf qmo dul bdq~luw dfc xm~wngndfw mdw nfguldwlc e~
40=, dfc 470, ulwxlgsnplb~" qmluldw `ou lfanflluw sml nfguldwl nw 04, dfc `ou slgmfngndfw dfc
slgmfoboanwsw sml nfguldwl nw 15,
@na|ul Fo& =Wmdul o` Qoklf nf \fcluaudc|dsl Lfuobklfsw nf Dggulcnslc Lfanfllunfa Xuoaudkw" Lfanflluw Gdfdcd
D gows+elfl`ns dfdb~wnw nkxbnlw smds sml `o|u ~ldu claull ult|nulc so xudgsnwl lfanfllunfa qo|bc el
koul dxxldbnfa smdf sml dccnsnofdb ~lduw o` audc|dsl wgmoob fllclc `ou d bdq ou klcngdb claull
Moqlplu sml lpnclfgl nfcngdslw smds qoklf dul gmoownfa osmluqnwl" nfcngdsnfa smds osmlu `dgsouw
dul elnfa qlnamlc qmlf kdjnfa gdullu clgnwnofw
Nkxbngdsnofw
Sml clsluknfdfsw o` sml alfclu adx nf lfanfllunfa dul nkxousdfs so |fcluwsdfc Nf sml `nuws xbdgl"
g|uulfs clkoaudxmng sulfcw nfcngdsl smds sml dal gomous 4<+4> qnbb xldj nf 588> dfc smlf clgbnfl
Smnw nkxbnlw smds" n` `lkdbl lfuobklfs udslw nf lfanfllunfa co fos nfguldwl" smlf |fnpluwnsnlw dfc"
Ogg|xdsnof 4>=0 5880
Dbb Ogg|xdsnofw 351, 313,
Lfanflluw 04, 455,
Slgmfngndfw dfc Slgmfoboanwsw 437, 54<,
D|cnsouw" dggo|fsdfsw dfc nfplwsklfs xuo`lwwnofdbw 383, 3>3,
Ogg|xdsnofw nf Xm~wngdb Wgnlfglw 55=, 781,
Ogg|xdsnofw nf Bn`l Wgnlfglw 5>=, 701,
Bdq~luw dfc T|lelg Fosdunlw 54=, 7=0,
Xm~wngndfw 55=, 703,
43 Gdfdcndf Go|fgnb o` Xuo`lwwnofdb Lfanflluw -5880. Gdfdcndf lfanflluw ou sokouuoq9 Sulfcw nf lfanfllunfa lfuobklfs dfc claullw dqduclc
5884 so 588< Ulsunlplc `uok mssx9//qqqlfanflluwgdfdcdgd/l/x|_lfuobklfsg`k
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 18/42
Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~ Bdeo|u Kdujls Ws|c~
gobblalw kd~ mdpl so boqlu smlnu dcknwwnof wsdfcducw so kdnfsdnf gbdww wnylw Nf sml bofa u|f smnw
qnbb mdpl dcpluwl nkxbngdsnofw ou lkxbo~luw @|usmlu" qoklf nf lfanfllunfa" wgnlfgl" dfc slgmfoboa~
xownsnofw dul d pdb|l so smlnu lkxbo~luw W|upl~ lpnclfgl w|aalwsw d mnamlu udsl o` lkxbo~lu wdsnw dg+
snof qnsm sml qoujxbdgl xlu`oukdfgl o` qoklf nf smlwl ogg|xdsnofw4< Dfc bdwsb~" dw d wognls~" o|u
fosnof o` `dnuflww mdw lkeudglc sml pnlq smds d uldwofdebl claull o` alfclu edbdfgl wmo|bc el
l}xlgslc nf xuo`lwwnofdb ogg|xdsnofw dfc smds smlul nw df oebnadsnof of sml xdus o` xuo`lwwnofdb
dwwogndsnofw" lkxbo~luw" dfc xowswlgofcdu~ nfwsns|snofw so dcculww dfc ulgsn`~ wluno|w nkedbdfglw
4< C|el" U -588=" I|fl 5. @namsnfa sml `lkdbl eudnf cudnf Aboel dfc Kdnb Dgglwwnebl ds9
mssx9//qqqsmlaboeldfckdnbgok/wlupbls/wsou~/USADK588=8085qbwgnlfgl85/EFWsou~/Wgnlfgl/ Sml dusngbl ulxousw smds 1<, o` qoklf elsqllf
sml dalw o` 5< so 5> dul udslc w|xlue" l}glbblfs" ou o|swsdfcnfa nf xlu`oukdfgl ulpnlqw pluw|w 04, o` klf nf sml wdkl dal gdslaou~
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 19/42
Xdus Smull o` smnw ulxous elanfw qnsm df oplupnlq o` sml `nfcnfaw of sml lc|gdsnofdb dfc gdullu aodbw
o` ~o|fa qoklf nf mnam wgmoob Df dfdb~wnw nf Xdus @o|u smlf ulpnlqw sml `dgsouw nf`b|lfgnfa smlnu
dssns|clw soqducw kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl dfc soqducw gdulluw nf lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~
Dw ~o|fa qoklf xuoaulww smuo|amo|s mnam wgmoob smlnu ulxouslc nfslulws nf wxlgn`ng wgnlfgl dfcslgmfoboa~ w|eilgsw" bnjl Gmlknwsu~" Xm~wngw" dfc Nf`oukdsnof dfc Gokk|fngdsnofw Slgmfoboa~"
dbofa qnsm Slgmfoboa~ Ws|cnlw clguldwlw Smlwl `nfcnfaw dul xdusng|bdub~ nfslulwsnfa anplf smds ofl
auo|x o` ulwxofclfsw dsslfclc d wgmoob smds wxlgndbnylc nf wgnlfgl dfc slgmfngdb ws|cnlw Smnw
w|aalwsw smds" nfslulws nf wgnlfgl dfc slgmfoboa~ ws|cnlw qdflw oplu sml go|uwl o` mnam wgmoob" lplf
dkofa smowl qoklf qmo wmoqlc df ldubnlu dxsns|cl dfc nfslulws nf smlwl `nlbcw Smnw mdw ellf
ul`luulc so dw sml ”bldj~ xnxlbnfl„ nf qmngm qoklf qmo mdc dwxnulc soqducw sudcnsnofdb kdbl+
coknfdslc `nlbcw gmoowl osmlu gdulluw @na|ul Fo >" xousud~w sml clgbnfl nf w|eilgs nfslulwsw
elsqllf nfcnpnc|dbw nf Audcl > so Audcl 45" dw ulpldblc nf o|u w|upl~ o` qoklf nf mnam wgmoob
@na|ul Fo& >Dpludal Ulxouslc Nfslulws nf Mnam Wgmoob W|eilgsw `ou Audcl > so Audcl 45Ws|clfsw9 ”4 ; Plu~ Boq„ dfc ”< ; Plu~ Mnam„40
< Unams `ou Kl?
Xdus Smull9 Dgdclkng Nfslulwsw dfc GdulluXul`lulfglw o` ^o|fa Qoklf
W|eilgsw Audcl Blplb DbbAu> Au48 Au44 Au45 Audclw
@nfl Dusw 34 34 7= 70 7>
Lfabnwm 7< 70 70 73 7<
Enoboa~ 77 70 73 73 73
Osmlu Bdfa|dalw 73 7< 75 7< 73
Wogndb Ws|cnlw -la wognoboa~. 75 70 7< 73 73
Kdsmlkdsngw 7< 7< 74 77 77
Gmlknwsu~ 7< 75 75 5> 75
E|wnflww" lgofokngw 5> 7< 7 75 75
Xm~wngw 75 5> 55 53 51
Nf`oukdsnof dfc Gokk|fngdsnofw Slgmfoboa~ 74 7 5< 53 5=
Osmlu Wgnlfgl 74 51 50 50 51
Mnwsou~ 50 5= 5= 50 51
Aloaudxm~ 5= 51 50 53 50
Slgmfngdb Ws|cnlw 7 5= 57 53 50
40 Wo|ugl9 Ws|clfs W|upl~" Sml Uobl o` Gdullu Dqdulflww nf sml Clgnwnof o` ^o|fa Qoklf so Sdjl Kdsm dfc Wgnlfgl W|eilgsw
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 20/42
Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~ Bdeo|u Kdujls Ws|c~
Dw @na|ul Fo > nfcngdslw" nfslulws nf dbb wgnlfgl w|eilgsw clgbnflw" l}glxs `ou Enoboa~ Nfcllc Enoboa~
qdw gofwnclulc sml kows nfslulwsnfa wgmoob w|eilgs e~ <3, o` ~o|fa qoklf nf o|u w|upl~ Nf o|u
`og|w auo|xw" ~o|fa qoklf ulxouslc smds sml~ bnjlc Enoboa~ elgd|wl ns cldbw qnsm bnpnfa smnfaw dfc
xuopnclw sml xowwnenbns~ so ‒kdjl d cn``lulfgl‛ Smlul qdw dbwo d gbldu ulbdsnofwmnx elsqllf dgdclk+
ng nfslulws nf Enoboa~ dfc nfslfclc xowswlgofcdu~ ws|cnlw Sml bdualws xuoxousnof o` ~o|fa qoklf
-77 ,. nfslfclc so x|uw|l d gdullu nf sml mldbsm wgnlfglw" `obboqlc e~ wogndb wgnlfglw -55,." dfc
E|wnflww -55,. @na|ul Fo 48 xuopnclw d gokxblsl bnws o` nfslfclc `nlbcw o` ws|c~41
@na|ul Fo& 48Nfslfclc Xowswlgofcdu~ @nlbc o` Ws|c~ 4=
Gouulwxofcnfa so nfslfclc xowswlgofcdu~ `nlbc o` ws|c~" sml kows xox|bdu gdullu gmonglw qlul9
Wnknbdu so xulpno|w ulwldugm" ~o|fa qoklf ulxouslc gmoownfa gdulluw smds qlul9
‥ nf sml mldbsm dfc wogndb wgnlfglw
‥ m|kdfnsdundf nf fds|ul
‥ xluglnplc dw wogndbb~ lfadanfa
Mldbsm Wgnlfglw
Wogndb Wgnlfgl -l}gb& E|wnflww.
E|wnflww
Eno/Bn`l/Da Wgnlfgl
Kdsm/Gokx|slu/Xm~wngdb Wgnlfgl
‒Wgnlfgl‛
@nfl dfc Dxxbnlc Dusw
M|kdfnsnlw
Dugmnslgs|ul/Lfanfllunfa
Lc|gdsnof
Cof„s Jfoq
Osmlu
@nlbc o` Ws|c~
77,
8, <, 48, 4<, 58, 5<, 78, 7<,
55,
55,
43,
47,
44,
48,
=,
=,
1,
0,
5,
41 Fosl9 W|upl~ ulw|bsw ulpldblc smds dxxuo}nkdslb~" >4, o` w|upl~ ulwxofclfsw nfcngdslc sml~ nfslfclc so x|uw|l xowswlgofcdu~ ws|cnlw" =3,
xbdfflc so dsslfc |fnpluwns~" 1, nfslfclc so dsslfc gokk|fns~ gobblal/GLALX" dfc fldub~ 48, qlul fos glusdnf o` smlnu xowswlgofcdu~ xbdfw
4= Wo|ugl9 Ws|clfs W|upl~" Sml Uobl o` Gdullu Dqdulflww nf sml Clgnwnof o` ^o|fa Qoklf so Sdjl Kdsm dfc Wgnlfgl W|eilgsw
Ogg|xdsnof Xluglfsdal
Xm~wngndf 40 ,
Sldgmlu 45 ,
Bdq~lu 48 ,
F|uwl 48 ,
Dggo|fsdfs =,
Lfanfllu 0,
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 21/42
1 Unams `ou Kl?
Sml 0, o` ~o|fa qoklf nfslulwslc nf
x|uw|nfa d gdullu nf lfanfllunfa wmo|bc
el nfsluxulslc qnsm gd|snof wnfgl ofl o`
sml mnam wgmoobw smds qdw nfgb|clc nf
sml ws|c~ nw ounlfslc so wgnlfgl dfc
slgmfngdb ws|cnlw Wnafn`ngdfsb~" ~o|fa
qoklf nf smnw ws|c~ nfcngdslc smds d
enoboangdb ou lfpnuofklfsdb cnklfwnof qo|bc kdjl lfanfllunfa ws|cnlw dfc lfanfllunfa gdulluw
koul dxxldbnfa Gofwnwslfs qnsm smlwl gokklfsw `uok `og|w auo|xw" cdsd `uok Lfanflluw Gdfdcd
nfcngdsl smds" of dpludal" qoklf kdjl+|x d auldslu xluglfsdal o` Lfpnuofklfsdb" Gmlkngdb" dfc
Enow~wslkw Lfanfllunfa gbdwwlw" gokxdulc so osmlu `nlbcw o` lfanfllunfa Wll @na|ul Fo 44 elboq
@na|ul Fo& 44Dpludal Wmdul o` @lkdbl Lfuobklfs nf \fcluaudc|dsl Lfanfllunfa e~ Cnwgnxbnfl -4>>4 so 5881. 4>
O|u ws|c~ gof`nukw smds gdullu nfslulwsw o` ~o|fa qoklf dul wsuofab~ endwlc soqducw ”kdjnfa d cn`+
`lulfgl„" ”qoujnfa qnsm xloxbl„ dfc osmlu `oukw o` wogndb lfadalklfs& Sm|w" smowl ~o|fa qoklf
nf o|u ws|c~ qmo dul nfslulwslc nf x|uw|+
nfa d gdullu nf lfanfllunfa dul dssudgslc
so smlwl xuo`lwwnofw elgd|wl sml~ elbnlpl
smds smlwl xuo`lwwnofw xuopncl sdfanebl
elfl`nsw so wognls~& Sml~ dbwo pnlqlc
lfanfllunfa xuo`lwwnofw dw mdpnfa mnam
wsds|w" elgd|wl sml go|uwlw qlul xlu+
glnplc dw cn``ng|bs dfc gmdbblfanfa so
gokxblsl Gofpluwlb~ smowl ~o|fa qoklf nf o|u ws|c~ qmo qlul fos cnwxowlc so gofwnclu lfanfllunfa
gdulluw xluglnplc lfanfllunfa xuo`lwwnofw dw fos elnfa wogndbb~ lfadalc dfc fos mdpnfa mnam wsds|w&
Gokx|slu
KlgmdfngdbLblgsungdb
Wo`sqdul -5884 ofqduc.
Knfnfa ou Knfludb
Osmlu
Lfanfllunfa Xm~wngw
Kdslundbw ou Klsdbb|uangdb
Nfc|wsundb ou Kdf|`dgs|unfa
Gnpnb
Aloboangdb
Enow~wslkw
Gmlkngdb
Lfpnuofklfsdb
C n w g n x b n f l
8, <, 48, 4<, 58, 5<, 78, 7<, 38, 3<,
48,
45,43,
41,
43,
41,
4>,
55,
57,
57,
73,
71,
7>,
38,
‒Lfanfllunfa nw xluglnplc dw elnfa nwobdslc dfc kdbl+coknfdslc Xloxbl
cof„s wll ns dw d w|gglww`|b gdullu oxsnof Sml~ cof„s xluglnpl ns dw wokl+
smnfa qmngm cnulgsb~ mlbxw xloxbl Sml~ cof„s uldbnyl smds lfanflluw co mlbx
xloxbl e~ clwnafnfa wsu|gs|ulw dfc kdgmnflw" qmngm mlbx |w `|fgsnof smlqd~ ql co‛
@og|w Auo|x Xdusngnxdfs
Souofso" Ofsduno
Lfanfllunfa nw dxxldbnfa ofb~ n` smlul nw d bnssbl ens o` Eno" bnjl n` ns nw
Lfpnuofklfsdb elgd|wl smds wllkw bnjl woklsmnfa N gdf gofflgs qnsm"
elgd|wl smlul wllkw so el wo kdf~ lfpnuofklfsdb xuoeblkw" qnsm aboedb
qduknfa dfc aullf mo|wl adwlw†‛
@og|w Auo|x Xdusngnxdfs
Gdbadu~" Dbelusd
4> Cdsd w|xxbnlc e~ Lfanflluw Gdfdcd
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 22/42
Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~ Bdeo|u Kdujls Ws|c~
Xdus @o|u nfplwsnadslw sml `dgsouw smds sml ws|c~ nfcngdslw gofsune|sl wnafn`ngdfsb~ so sml gdullu
clgnwnofw o` ~o|fa qoklf" dfc smlnu xluglxsnofw o` gdulluw nf lfanfllunfa nf xdusng|bdu Elboq nw d
w|kkdu~ o` sml pdundeblw nfplwsnadslc
4& ^o|fa qoklf dul wsuldklc o|s o` kdsmlkdsngw dfc sml wgnlfglw&
G|uulfs Lfuobklfsw
Kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl go|uwlw dul sml adslqd~ so w|ewlt|lfs xowswlgofcdu~ ws|cnlw nf lfanfllu+
nfa Lfuobklfs nf Audcl 45+blplb Gdbg|b|w gdf el d wsuofa xulcngsou o` sml bnjlbnmooc smds d ~o|fa
qoklf aonfa of so xowswlgofcdu~ ws|cnlw qnbb w|ewlt|lfsb~ kdiou nf wgnlfgl dfc lfanfllunfa udsmlu
smdf sml bneludb dusw" wogndb wgnlfglw" ou e|wnflww dfc gokklugl58
Smnw ws|c~ `o|fc smds lfuobklfs udslw nf kdsmlkdsngw cuoxxlc kocludslb~ d`slu Audcl 48 dfc
woklqmds koul wo d`slu Audcl 45" e|s qlul wsnbb mnam -==5,. ds Audcl 45 Lfuobklfs nf wgnlfgl
w|eilgsw clgbnflc koul wnafn`ngdfsb~ ‗ so 0=0, nf Audcl 45 -Ns wmo|bc el jlxs nf knfc smds smlwlulw|bsw dul endwlc e~ sml nfgb|wnof o` d mnam wgmoob smds nw `og|wlc of kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl
ounlfslc ws|clfsw.
@na|ul Fo& 45G|uulfs Lfuobklfs nf Wlgofcdu~ Kdsmlkdsngw dfc WgnlfglGo|uwlw" e~ Audcl Blplb 54
Sml xunfgnxdb uldwofw xdusngnxdfsw nf o|u ws|c~ o``lulc `ou cuoxxnfa kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfglw
go|uwlw qlul9
‥ bdgj o` nfslulws nf sml w|eilgs -ou nf sml g|uung|b|k.
‥ kdujw nf kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl w|eilgsw qlul boqlu smdf clwnulc: mnamlu kdujw qlul
dgmnlpdebl nf osmlu w|eilgsw
‥ nfslfclc gobblal ou |fnpluwns~ kdiou colw fos ult|nul -ou nw fos |fcluwsooc so ult|nul.
|xxlu blplb wgnlfgl ou kdsmlkdsngw
Xdus @o|u9 @dgsouw D``lgsnfa sml Dssns|clw o` ^o|faQoklf soqducw Kdsmlkdsngw dfc Wgnlfgl dfcsoqducw Gdulluw nf Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~
G|uulfsb~ Lfuobblc Audcl > Audcl 48 Audcl 44 Audcl 45
, nf Kdsmlkdsngw =33, >=7, >00, ==5,
, nf Wgnlfgl >57, >>4, =>1, 0=0,
58 Kd" ]" & Iomfwof" Q 588= Kdsmlkdsngw dw sml gunsngdb `nbslu9 G|uung|bdu l``lgsw of alfclulc gdullu gmonglw Nf MKA Qdss dfc IW Lggblw
-Lcw." Alfclu dfc ogg|xdsnofdb o|sgoklw -xx <<+=7. Qdwmnfasof9 Dklungdf Xw~gmoboangdb Dwwogndsnof
54 Wo|ugl9 Ws|clfs W|upl~" Sml Uobl o` Gdullu Dqdulflww nf sml Clgnwnof o` ^o|fa Qoklf so Sdjl Kdsm dfc Wgnlfgl W|eilgsw
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 23/42
> Unams `ou Kl?
Sml coqfqduc lfuobklfs sulfc nf kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl w|eilgsw ulc|glw sml xoslfsndb xoob o`
`lkdbl gdfcncdslw `ou dcknwwnof so lfanfllunfa xuoaudkw dfc w|ewlt|lfsb~ `ou lfsu~ nfso lfanfllu+
nfa ogg|xdsnofw Clwxnsl sml clguldwl nf lfuobklfsw" sml w|upl~ ulw|bsw co nfcngdsl smds d w|ewsdfsndb
xuoxousnof o` ~o|fa qoklf ‗ eosm sml wgnlfgl dfc kdsmlkdsngw ounlfslc wgmoob" dfc nf sml osmlu
wgmoobw + lfuobblc nf |xxlu blplb kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl go|uwlw Sml kdiouns~ o` sldgmluw ql
nfslupnlqlc pdbncdslc sml w|upl~ `nfcnfaw nfcngdsnfa smds `ou kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfglw -nfgb|cnfa
xul+gdbg|b|w" dfc gdbg|b|w." xm~wngw" gmlknwsu~ dfc enoboa~" ~o|fa qoklf qlul dxxuo}nkdslb~ <8,
o` ldgm gbdww" dfc woklsnklw koul Sml uo|amb~ lt|db cnwsune|snof o` ~o|fa klf so ~o|fa qoklf
nf alfludb kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl gbdwwlw nf |xxlu mnam wgmoob nkxbnlw smds lfuobklfs nf kdsml+
kdsngw dfc wgnlfgl go|uwlw dbofl nw fos sml wsuofalws xulcngsou o` qmlsmlu ~o|fa qoklf qnbb x|u+
w|l lfanfllunfa ws|cnlw ds d bdslu cdsl&
Nf smnw ws|c~" dgmnlplklfs nf kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl w|eilgsw dbwo `dnblc so xbd~ d wnafn`ngdfs uobl nf
xulcngsnfa sml bnjlbnmooc o` ~o|fa
qoklf x|uw|nfa wgnlfgl dfc slgmfoboa~
`nlbcw& Smnw nw df nkxousdfs `nfcnfa
@og|w auo|x xdusngnxdfsw nf smnw ws|c~"
wlb`+ulxouslc elnfa w|gglww`|b nf smlnu
kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl go|uwlw" d `dgs
smds qdw gof`nuklc e~ smlnu sldgmluw
Dgmnlplklfs dwncl" xdusngnxdfsw nf Audclw > dfc 48 nfcngdslc smds smlnu nfslfsnof so x|uw|l kdsml+
kdsngw dfc wgnlfgl nw ulbdslc so ”mldunfa `uok wognls~„ + dfc xdulfsw" nf xdusng|bdu" smds ”~o| fllc
kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl elgd|wl ~o| co fos qdfs so gbowl df~ coouw `ou ~o|uwlb`„ E~ Audclw 44
dfc 45" sml kosnpdsnof `ou sdjnfa kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl go|uwlw gmdfalw woklqmds Nf Audclw
44 dfc 45" ws|clfsw ulxouslc gofsnf|nfa nf kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl wsuldkw elgd|wl smlwl go|uwlw
dul ult|nulc `ou |fnpluwns~ ou gobblal dcknwwnof dfc `ou smlnu nfslfclc gdulluw
Kdf~ ~o|fa qoklf nf smnw ws|c~ ulxouslc smds" clwxnsl smlnu gof`nclfgl nf smlnu kdsmlkdsngdb wjnbbw"
sml~ flnsmlu lfio~lc fou nfslfclc so x|uw|l xowswlgofcdu~ ws|cnlw qnsm d mldp~ lkxmdwnw nf kdsml+
kdsngw Kdsmlkdsngw qdw clwgunelc dw9 ”eounfa„" „bdgjnfa nf oxxous|fnsnlw `ou guldsnpl dfc euodc
knfclc smnfjnfa„ dfc ”fos ulbdslc ou dxxbngdebl so sml lplu~cd~„
Osmlu ws|cnlw pdbncdsl smlwl `nfcnfaw @ou nfwsdfgl" sml dssns|cl o` ~o|fa qoklf nf Audclw 44 dfc
45 soqducw kdsmlkdsngw qdw `o|fc so el d wsuofalu xulcngsou o` sml bnjlbnmooc o` qoklf lfuobbnfa
nf dcpdfglc kdsmlkdsngw" gokxdulc so smlnu dgmnlplklfs blplbw nf kdsmlkdsngw55
Opludbb" smlwl `nfcnfaw nkxb~ smds sml kdiouns~ o` ~o|fa qoklf dul fos elnfa wsuldklc o|s o`
kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl go|uwlw Nfcllc" kdf~ ~o|fa qoklf dul lfuobbnfa nf kdsmlkdsngw dfc
wgnlfglw go|uwlw elgd|wl smlwl dul xul+ult|nwnslw `ou xowswlgofcdu~ ws|cnlw nf sml mldbsm wgnlfglwdfc" nf sml gdwl o` kdsmlkdsngw" `ou wokl o` sml wogndb wgnlfglw
‒Nf lfanfllunfa ~o| ofb~ jfoq ns" n` ~o| booj nf d sl}s eooj Nf Lfabnwm dfc
Wogndb" ~o| blduf ns" ~o| uldc ns" dfc ~o| gdf dxxb~ ns so ~o|u lplu~cd~ Nf
xm~wngw" ~o| booj nf d sl}s eooj" ~o| booj ds sml dfwqlu" dfc ~o| booj ds
sml gdbg|bdsou + dfc smds„w ns‛
@og|w Auo|x Xdusngnxdfs
Gdbadu~" Dbelusd
55 Kd" ] -4>>1. D fdsnofdb dwwlwwklfs o` kdsmlkdsngw xdusngnxdsnof nf sml \fnslc Wsdslw9 D w|upnpdb dfdb~wnw koclb `ou clwgunenfa ws|clfsw„
dgdclkng gdulluw& Blqnwsof" F^9 Lcqnf Klbblf
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 24/42
5& Euodc g|bs|udb `dgsouw dggo|fs `ou alfclu xul`lulfglw nfdgdclkng nfslulwsw dfc gdulluw&
Smlul nw d bdual ebog o` wogndb smlou~ smds
mobcw smds qoklf dul wogndbnylc `ou f|u+
s|unfa ou gdunfa uoblw dfc smds smnw w|e+
wlt|lfsb~ d` lgsw smlnu gdullu gmonglw D
bdual kdiouns~ o` ~o|fa qoklf nf smnwws|c~ ulxouslc smds sml~ dwxnulc so
gdulluw qmngm sml~ xluglnplc dw ”xloxbl
ounlfslc„ dfc qmngm qo|bc gofsune|sl so
nkxuopnfa sml qlb`dul o` osmluw Sm|w" o|u `og|w auo|x `nfcnfaw dul euodcb~ gofwnwslfs qnsm smds
bdual eoc~ o` wogndb smlou~ smds x|sw lkxmdwnw of sml nkxousdfgl o` ”qoujnfa qnsm xloxbl„ dfc
”nkxuopnfa qlbb+elnfa„ dw clsluknfdfsw o` gdullu xul`lulfglw of sml xdus o` ~o|fa qoklf& Qoklf
nf o|u ws|c~ qmo qlul dssudgslc so lfanfllunfa xuo`lwwnofw qlul cudqf so smlwl xuo`lwwnofw
elgd|wl sml~ wdq smlk nf smnw bnams& Gofpluwlb~" qoklf qmo qlul fos dssudgslc so lfanfllunfa
xuo`lwwnofw qlul bnjlb~ so gmdudgslunyl smlwl xuo`lwwnofw dw fos nfpobplc nf qoujnfa qnsm osmlu xlo+
xbl dfc fos nkxuopnfa qlbb+elnfa& Smnw mdw xoslfsndbb~ nkxousdfs nkxbngdsnofw `ou moq gdullu nf`ou+
kdsnof nw gokk|fngdslc so ~o|fa qoklf&
@lkdbl mo|wlmobc ulwxofwnenbnsnlw dul xluglnplc e~ ~o|fa qoklf nf smnw ws|c~ dw o|sqlnamnfa smowl
xlu`ouklc e~ klf o|fa qoklf elbnlpl smds smnw ulc|glw sml snkl sml~ gdf clcngdsl so smlnu
gdulluw Sldgmlu nfslupnlqw `uok T|lelg wsooc o|s `uok osmlu xuopnfglw elgd|wl o` sml gofwnwslfs
klfsnof o` g|bs|udb foukw dw d xluglnplc xdudko|fs uldwof `ou `lqlu qoklf nf kdsmlkdsngw dfc
wgnlfgl ulbdslc ogg|xdsnofw Gofwnwslfs qnsm sml pnlqw o` sldgmluw nf T|lelg" `og|w auo|x xdusngn+
xdfsw nf smds xuopnfgl xluglnplc smds lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ gdulluw dul bnjlb~ so nf`unfal of
qouj+`dknb~ edbdfgl dfc xowwneb~ bnkns sml f|kelu o` gmnbculf d
qokdf gdf udnwl G|uno|wb~" sml xluglxsnof smds lfanfllunfa
gdulluw dul nfnkngdb so qouj+`dknb~ edbdfgl colw fos dxxldu so
gduu~ oplu so mldbsm wgnlfgl gdulluw Dadnf" ns nw nkxousdfs so
wsulww" smds smnw ws|c~ nw ulxousnfa xluglxsnofw Uldbns~ kd~ ou
kd~ fos el gofwnwslfs qnsm smlwl xluglxsnofw
7& Soo `lq xdulfsw lfgo|udal smlnu cd|amsluw so ws|c~kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl dfc so gofwnclu lfanfllunfagdullu oxsnofw&
Nf smnw ws|c~" <<, o` w|upl~ ulwxofclfsw mdc xdulfsw dfc ulbdsnplw qoujnfa nf lfanfllunfa ogg|xd+
snofw& Moqlplu" ofb~ 0, o` w|upl~ ulwxofclfsw nfcngdslc df nfslulws nf x|uw|nfa lfanfllunfa ws|c+
nlw& Smnw nw wnafn`ngdfsb~ boqlu smdf knams
el l}xlgslc" anplf sml mnam xuoxousnof
o` xdulfsw nf lfanfllunfa Lplf koul
x|yybnfa nw smds smlul qdw fo wnafn`ngdfs
wsdsnwsngdb ulbdsnofwmnx elsqllf mdpnfa d
xdulfs ou ulbdsnpl nf lfanfllunfa dfc
Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~ Bdeo|u Kdujls Ws|c~
‒Nf sml Dusw" ns„w ~o|u oqf nfsluxulsdsnof o` qmds ~o| smnfj" dfc ~o| gof+
flgs so ns k|gm ldwnlu Nf lfanfllunfa" nsw jnfc o` mduc `ou kl so wll moq N
gdf d``lgs xloxblw bnplw" moq gdf N kdjl df nkxdgs" elgd|wl bn`l nw ofb~ wo
wmous ‗ dfc ~o| qdfs so co sml elws ~o| gdf" `ou lplu~eoc~" nfgb|cnfa
~o|uwlb`" wo ~o| dul bl`s smnfjnfa ‗ moq gdf N dxxb~ smds so k~ ioe?‛
@og|w auo|x xdusngnxdfs
Gdbadu~" Dbelusd
‒Wml colwf„s mdpl d ena `dknb~ ‗ sqo jncw kd}‛
@og|w Auo|x Xdusngnxdfs
Kofsuldb" T|lelg
‒N qdw smnfjnfa deo|s lfanfllunfa†`ou kl ns qdw elgd|wl o` k~ cdc +
ml„w df lfanfllu" N boojlc |x so mnk" wo N qdfslc so `obboq nf mnw `oos+
wslxw" e|s smds culdk jnfc+o` cnlc t|ngjb~†‛
@og|w Auo|x Xdusngnxdfs
Mdbn`d}" Fopd Wgosnd
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 25/42
4 Unams `ou Kl?
nfslfsnof so x|uw|l d gdullu nf lfanfllunfa& O|u `og|w auo|xw ulpldblc wnknbdu `nfcnfaw o|fa
qoklf qnsm xdulfsw ou ulbdsnplw nf lfanfllunfa ou slgmfoboa~ cnc fos dxxldu wnafn`ngdfsb~ koul
nfslulwslc nf x|uw|nfa lfanfllunfa ou slgmfoboa~ ws|cnlw smdf ws|clfsw qnsmo|s d xdulfs ou gbowl ulb+
dsnpl nf smlwl `nlbcw Smlwl dul x|yybnfa" e|s xoslfsndbb~ nkxousdfs `nfcnfaw Of smlnu `dgl" o|u
ulw|bsw w|aalws smds xdulfsdb nf`b|lfgl nw df nkxousdfs `dgsou nf sml clgnwnof so sdjl kdsmlkdsngw
dfc wgnlfgl w|eilgsw" e|s fos fldub~ dw nkxousdfs d `dgsou nf wmdxnfa gdullu dwxnudsnofw" ds bldws nf wo
`du dw lfanfllunfa gdulluw dul gofgluflc& O|u ws|c~ o``luw fo l}xbdfdsnofw `ou smnw xdudco}
3& Xlluw dul nkxousdfs nf`b|lfgluw& @ou ~o|fa qoklf" xllunf`b|lfgl lfgo|udalw d fladsnpl dssns|cl soqducw ws|c~nfakdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl dfc soqducw lfslunfa lfanfllunfa ouslgmfoboa~ xuoaudkw ds sml xowswlgofcdu~ blplb&
Sldgmluw dfc ws|clfsw dbnjl alfludbb~ ulxouslc smds xlluw co fos
xbd~ d bdual xdus nf gdullu clgnwnof kdjnfa" dbsmo|am" ws|clfsw
dul woklsnklw elbnlplc so wlblgs go|uwlw so el qnsm `unlfcw"
qmngm nw gofwnwslfs qnsm xulpno|w ulwldugm
<& Kdbl coknfdfgl o` wgnlfgl dfc kdsmlkdsngw gbdwwlwcnwgo|udalw ~o|fa qoklf `uok gofsnf|nfa nf smlwl w|eilgswsmuo|am so audc|dsnof&
Nf smnw ws|c~" kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl gbdwwlw
qlul fos wnafn`ngdfsb~ alfclu nkedbdfglc
Moqlplu" slgmfoboa~ gbdwwlw -la" NS. co ul`blgs
kdbl coknfdfgl O|u ws|c~" smlul`oul" colw fos
w|xxous smlounlw smds kdbl coknfdfgl nf sml
gbdwwuook dggo|fsw `ou boqlu `lkdbl xdusngnxdsnof
nf kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl go|uwlw Smnw kd~ el d `dgsou nf slgmfoboa~ go|uwlw" e|s colw fos
dxxldu so el d wnafn`ngdfs `dgsou nf kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl w|eilgsw&
0& Smlul nw d w|esbl" e|s wnafn`ngdfs" alfclu endw nf wgnlfgl dfckdsmlkdsngw g|uung|b|k kdslundbw smds cnwgo|udalw ~o|faqoklf `uok gofsnf|nfa nf smlwl w|eilgsw smuo|am soaudc|dsnof&
Nf smnw ws|c~" d wkdbb knfouns~ o` sldgmluw
elbnlplc smds g|uung|b|k kdslundb nf kdsmlkdsngw
dfc wgnlfgl w|eilgsw gofpl~lc d w|esbl alfclu
endw Ql cnc fos" moqlplu" mldu ~o|fa qoklf
nf o|u `og|w auo|xw gmdudgslunynfa smlnu go|uwl
kdslundbw nf smnw qd~ Nf df~ lplfs" o|u ws|c~
wmoqw `dnub~ mnam xdusngnxdsnof udslw nf kdsml+
‒Anubw dul snkl+sdebnfa soalsmlu + N mdpl ofl anub
qmo nw wsu|aabnfa nf d gbdww" e|s wml qdfslc so
el qnsm mlu `unlfcw" wo smlul wml nw‛
Sldgmlu Nfslupnlq
Qnffnxla" Kdfnsoed
‒Ns„w kowsb~ a|~w: wokl anubw gdf als nfsnkncdslc e~ smds Nf k~
gokx|slu wgnlfgl gbdww" ns qdw ofb~ kl dfc sqo osmlu anubw" wo ns
qdw |fgok`ousdebl N qdwf„s w|ul N qdfslc so gofsnf|l d`slu†‛
@og|w Auo|x Xdusngnxdfs
Qnffnxla" Kdfnsoed
‒Sml w|eilgsw dul fos sd|ams nf wgmoob lfo|am qnsm d `lkdbl wbdfs
‗ nf Audcl > Wgnlfgl" sml anubw qdfslc so x|s wsngjluw of sml soob
eo}" dfc mdpl xnfj mdfcblw of sml soobw ‗ dfc sml~ qof sml gok+
xlsnsnof ‗ smnw wmo|bc fos el wllf dw d wdgunblal so wgnlfgl†nfwsldc
o` sdbjnfa deo|s e|nbcnfa d kdgmnfl" e|nbc d slblxmofl‛
Sldgmlu Nfslupnlq
Gdbadu~" Dbelusd
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 26/42
Jfoqblcal Udsnfa -,.
Ogg|xdsnofw 4 <Plu~ Bnssbl 5 7 3 D Aulds
Cldb
Dggo|fsdfs 45< 404 531 5=< 4=5
Dugmnslgs 4<5 57 5=1 58 474E|wnflww Kdfdalu 474 410 5=1 531 4<>
Gmlknws 500 5=< 5<3 4<5 37
Gokx|slu Xuoaudkklu 55 551 57> 587 444
Cogsou 05 =4 544 503 7=5
Lfanfllu 554 5<3 535 413 48=
Lfanfllunfa Slgmfoboanws/Slgmfngndf 787 5=> 55< 457 <>
Bdq~lu >3 45< 53= 75= 58<
F|uwl 04 444 4>> 513 7<<
Xm~wngnws 74< 780 530 485 74
Wogndb Qoujlu 455 4>0 5=> 54= 41<
Sldgmlu <8 04 457 777 377
Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~ Bdeo|u Kdujls Ws|c~
kdsngw dfc wgnlfgl w|eilgsw" dkofa sml wdkxbl auo|x Gbldub~" qmdslplu w|esbl endwlw smlul kd~ el
nf sml g|uung|b|k kdslundbw ns qdw fos mdpnfa d wnafn`ngdfs l` lgs of smnw auo|x o` qoklf O|u
ws|c~" smlul`oul" xuopnclw fo w|xxous `ou smnw smlou~
1& o|fa qoklf co fos mdpl d aooc |fcluwsdfcnfa o` qmdslfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ gdulluw lfsdnb dfc smlul`oulgdffos dwxnul so smowl gdulluw&
Sml kdiouns~ o` ~o|fa qoklf nf smnw ws|c~
ulxouslc plu~ bnssbl ou fo jfoqblcal gofglufnfa
sml uoblw dfc ulwxofwnenbnsnlw o` lfanflluw" slgmfn+
gndfw dfc slgmfoboanwsw Nf gofsudws" ~o|fa
qoklf" of dpludal" ulxouslc elnfa `dknbndu qnsm
sml uoblw dfc ulwxofwnenbnsnlw o` sldgmluw" xm~wn+
gndfw" dfc f|uwlw Smnw nw fos w|uxunwnfa" anplf sml bnjlbnmooc o` cnulgs gofsdgs qnsm sml bdsslu ogg|xd+
snofw" dw qlbb dw smlnu xousud~db nf sml klcnd ‗ d `dgsou smds dbwo dxxbnlw so bdq~luw Wll @na|ul 47"
elboq `ou d `|bb bnwsnfa o` ws|clfsw„ `dknbnduns~ e~ ogg|xdsnof57
@na|ul Fo& 47d@dknbnduns~ qnsm Wlblgslc Ogg|xdsnofw dkofa ^o|fa Qoklf nf Wlgofcdu~ Wgmoob
@na|ul Fo& 47e wmoqw sml qlnamslc dpludal blplb o` dqdulflww of smnw 4+< wgdbl `ou ldgm o` sml ogg|xdsnofw9
‒Lplu~ofl mdw ellf so sml cogsou ds ofl snkl nf smlnu bn`l" e|s
moq kdf~ o` |w mdpl aofl so df lfanfllu„w o``ngl" wo sml~ gdf
e|nbc |w d e|nbcnfa?‛
@og|w Auo|x
Kofsuldb" T|lelg
57 Wo|ugl9 Ws|clfs W|upl~" Sml Uobl o` Gdullu Dqdulflww nf sml Clgnwnof o` ^o|fa Qoklf so Sdjl Kdsm dfc Wgnlfgl W|eilgsw
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 27/42
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 28/42
Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~ Bdeo|u Kdujls Ws|c~
Sldgmluw
Sldgmluw -dfc so wokl claull" a|ncdfgl go|fwlbbouw. dbwo xbd~ nkxousdfs uoblw nf xuopncnfa gdullu
nf`oukdsnof lnsmlu cnulgsb~ ou e~ slbbnfa ws|clfsw qmlul sml~ gdf oesdnf smnw nf`oukdsnof Nf smnw
ws|c~" sldgmluw qlul `dknbndu qnsm xuoaudkw dfc nfnsndsnplw dnklc ds `dgnbnsdsnfa nfslulws dfc l}xow|ul
so kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl gdulluw" dbsmo|am `lq o` sml xuoaudkw sdualslc qoklf Sml `obboqnfa
sdebl w|kkdunylw sml xuoaudkw ulxouslc e~ sldgmluw9
@na|ul Fo& 43Xuoaudkw dfc nfnsndsnplw bnwslc e~ sldgmluw smds `dgnbnsdsl nfslulws dfcl}xow|ul so kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl gdulluw
Gdbadu~ Qnffnxla Souofso Kofsuldb Mdbn`d}
Dbelusd Mlunsdal @o|fcdsnof
`ou Klcngdb Ulwldugm" GNUG" Mnam wgmoob wgmobduwmnxw b„îgobl Cdbmo|wnl9
dfc Fds|udb Wgnlfglw dfc Gdfdcndf Duklc @ouglw dpdnbdebl ou eosm klf xob~slgmfnt|l Qoklf nf
Lfanfllunfa Ulwldugm Go|fgnb o``luw go+ox xbdglklfsw dfc qoklf l}g|uwnof ulwluplc Wgnlfgl
o` Gdfdcd `|fc `nuws ~ldu l}gb|wnplb~ `ou anubw
|fnpluwns~ ws|clfsw so qouj nf
xuo`lwwouw„ bdew `ou sml w|kklu
Sml Dwwogndsnof o` Wxdamlssn Euncal
Xuo lwwnofdb Lfanflluw" Gokxlsnsnof ds sml Gnpnb Fdsnofdb Lfanfllunfa Qllj
Aloboanwsw dfc Aloxm~wngnwsw Lfanfllunfa Clxdusklfs ds
o` Dbelusd -DXLAAD. Gdkow|f Gobblal
Mlunsdal ^o|sm Ulwldugmlu Mnam Wgmoob Lfanfllunfa
W|kklu Xuoaudk -M^UW. O|suldgm Cd~ nw dpdnbdebl Ofsduno Wgnlfgl Glfsul
sqngl d ~ldu dfc ofb~ `ou
wlblgs ws|clfsw
KNFLUPD @o|fcdsnof OWWXW wgmobduwmnxw -mnam
klfsouw qoklf qnsm lkdbl @nuws Uoeosngw Gokxlsnsnof wgmoob wgmobduwmnx.
wgnlfsnwsw
Ulwldugm Nfslufwmnxw nf Wgnlfgl Ioe @dnuw Xdusfluwmnxw qnsm sml
dfc Lfanfllunfa -UNWL. Nf`oukdsnof Gokk|fngdsnof
dfc Slgmfoboa~ Go|fgnb" nf
qmngm d a|lws wxldjlu goklw
so mnam wgmoobw
Wdfo`n+Dplfsnw Enoslgm Xuo`lwwnofdb Lfanflluw Ofsduno
Gmdbblfal ‗ kdsgmlw ws|clfsw Wdfo`n+Dplfsnw EnoSdblfs xuopnclw sml ”Lfanfllu nf
qnsm |fnpluwns~ xuo`lwwouw qmo Gmdbblfal Ulwnclfgl„ Xuoaudk
klfsou sml ws|clfs
Sml Gdfdcndf Alfl G|ul Wmdc Pdbbl~ o``luw d `o|u
@o|fcdsnofw xuopnclw sml qllj w|kklu lfungmklfs \fnpluwns~ o` Souofso o``luw
oxxous|fns~ so elgokl d alfl xuoaudk xuokosnofdb kdslundbw
ulwldugmlu `ou d qllj
Qoklf nf Lfanfllunfa smuo|am Ws Eofn`ngl Alflud ouj |fnpluwns~ mdw cn` lulfs
sml \fnpluwns~ o` Gdbadu~ mowsw Mowxnsdb xdusfluw qnsm sml wxldjluw dpdnbdebl dguoww
wxunfa lplfsw \fnpluwns~ o` Kdfnsoed cnwgnxbnflw ou nf+gbdww
xulwlfsdsnofw
Qoklf nf wgmobduwmnx"
lfanfllunfa" wgnlfgl dfc
slgmfoboa~ -QNWLWS. mdw 0 Qoklf nf Wgnlfgl dfc
qllj w|kklu xuoilgsw `ou Lfanfllunfa -QNWL.
Audcl 44 dfc 45 anubw nf
wgnlfgl dfc lfanfllunfa ds
\fnpluwns~ o` Dbelusd
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 29/42
< Unams `ou Kl?
Dbb sldgmluw nf smnw ws|c~ qlul kosnpdslc so lfgo|udal
~o|fa qoklf„w nfslulws nf lfanfllunfa& Moqlplu" dbb
sldgmluw wsulwwlc smds gbdww mo|uw dul bnknslc dfc smds
smlul dul kdf~ clkdfcw of gbdwwuook snkl
Flplusmlblww" sml lfanfllunfa xuo`lwwnofw wmo|bc |fclu+
wsdfc smds sml~ mdpl nkxousdfs dbbnlw nf kdsmlkdsngw dfc
wgnlfgl sldgmluw dw gmdfflbw `ou cnwwlknfdsnfa gdullu nf`oukdsnof&
Xuo`lwwnofdb dfc Nfc|wsu~ Nfnsndsnplw
Fdsnofdb Lfanfllunfa Kofsm -`ouklub~ jfoqf dw Lfanfllunfa Qllj. dfc Fdsnofdb Slgmfoboa~ Qllj
dul dkofa sml kows l}xdfwnpl xuo`lwwnofdb dfc nfc|wsu~ nfnsndsnplw dnklc ds nfguldwnfa dqdulflww
dfc |fcluwsdfcnfa o` lfanfllunfa gdulluw dfc sml uobl o`
lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ nf Gdfdcndf wognls~ Smlwl
xuoaudkw dul fdsnof+qncl Sml~ nfgb|cl bogdb qoujwmoxw"
nfsludgsnpl lplfsw" klcnd dcplusnwnfa" dfc gokxlsnsnofw
`ou cn``lulfs dal auo|xw Smlwl lplfsw dul l}glbblfs
oxxous|fnsnlw so l}xowl koul ~o|fa qoklf so lfanfllunfa ogg|xdsnofw dfc sml nkxdgs lfanflluw"
slgmfngndfw dfc slgmfoboanwsw mdpl of cdnb~ bnpnfa Sml dgsnpnsnlw dul dbwo d xoslfsndb oxxous|fns~ `ou
~o|fa qoklf so adnf l}xow|ul so uobl koclbw dfc so clplbox wogndb flsqoujw @ou l}dkxbl Ao
Slgm Anub nw df nfnsndsnpl elsqllf sml Fdsnofdb Go|fgnb o` Cldfw o` Slgmfoboa~ dfc sml Gdfdcndf
Go|fgnb o` Slgmfngndfw dfc Slgmfoboanwsw" `ou anubw nf Audcl 1 so 44 Smnw nfnsndsnpl gofc|gsw pduno|w
dgsnpnsnlw c|unfa Fdsnofdb Slgmfoboa~ qllj
Ns nw wnafn`ngdfs smlul`oul smds o|u w|upl~ ulw|bsw nfcngdsl smds smlul nw wsnbb d gofwncludebl cnwsdfgl so
sudpluwl nf uladuc so `owslunfa nkxuoplc dqdulflww o` lfanfllunfa gdulluw Ofb~ 41, o` ~o|fa
qoklf ds sml kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl+ounlfslc mnam wgmoob ulxouslc jfoqblcal o` Fdsnofdb
Lfanfllunfa Kofsm" qmnbl ofb~ 44, ulxouslc jfoqblcal o` Fdsnofdb Slgmfoboa~ Qllj& Nf sml
osmlu wgmoobw" ofb~ =, o` ~o|fa qoklf qlul dqdul o` Fdsnofdb Lfanfllunfa Kofsm dfc ofb~ 1,qlul dqdul o` Fdsnofdb Slgmfoboa~ Qllj&
Ws|clfsw ulxouslc smds sml~ qlul kows bnjlb~ so oesdnf nf`oukdsnof gofglufnfa lfanfllunfa ogg|xd+
snofw `uok pnwnsnfa qlewnslw -<0,. dfc wlgofcb~ `uok pnwnsnfa gobblalw/GLALXw ou |fnpluwns~ gdkx|w+
lw -<<,. Mdpnfa d xdulfs ou ulbdsnpl nf df lfanfllunfa ogg|xdsnof cnc fos d` lgs sml bnjlbnmooc o` d
~o|fa qokdf elnfa dqdul o` Fdsnofdb Lfanfllunfa Kofsm ou Fdsnofdb Slgmfoboa~ Qllj Ofb~ 4
sldgmlu o|s o` 58 gnslc smlwl lplfsw dw nkxousdfs xoslfsndb wo|uglw o` gdullu nf`oukdsnof
Nf o|u w|upl~" 38, mdc dsslfclc gdullu dqdulflww xuo+
audkw smds xuopnclc nf`oukdsnof of wgnlfgl dfc slgmfob+oa~ gdulluw Fosqnsmwsdfcnfa smnw gokxdudsnplb~ mnam
xdusngnxdsnof udsl nf wgnlfgl dfc slgmfoboa~ gdullu
dqdulflww" sml w|upl~ lpnclfgl wsnbb w|aalwsw d wnafn`ngdfs
bdgj o` jfoqblcal deo|s lfanfllunfa gdulluw& Gbldub~
smlul nw d cnwgofflgs9 k|gm o` sml nf`oukdsnof nw fos uldgmnfa sml nfslfclc ulgnxnlfsw&
Smlwl ulw|bsw wmo|bc fos el nfsluxulslc dw cnknfnwmnfa sml nkxousdfgl o` gdullu nf`oukdsnof& Of
sml gofsudu~" ~o|fa qoklf nf o|u `og|w auo|xw dssdgmlc gofwncludebl nkxousdfgl so koul nf`oukd+
‒N dk w|xxowlc so l}xowl jncw so gdullu oxxous|fnsnlw"
e|s sml g|uung|b|k nw wo clfwl smds gdullu nf`oukdsnof nw
sml `nuws smnfa smds nw cuoxxlc‛
Sldgmlu Nfslupnlq
2 |fcnwgbowlc bogdsnof6
‒Xuokosl koul" ql i|ws cof„s jfoq lfo|am deo|s
lfanfllunfa so elgokl nfslulwslc nf ns‛
@og|w Auo|x Xdusngnxdfs
Souofso" Ofsduno
‒N qlfs so mnw qouj ofgl" qmds ml colw nw plu~ gokxbngds+lc Kowsb~ ml mdw so kdjl w|ul fo ofl `unlw df~ gnug|nsw
elgd|wl smds nw plu~ l}xlfwnpl‛
@og|w Auo|x Xdusngnxdfs
Souofso" Ofsduno
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 30/42
Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~ Bdeo|u Kdujls Ws|c~
snof of lfanfllunfa gdulluw Gokxdulc so xuo`lwwnofw w|gm dw bdq dfc sml mldbsm wgnlfglw" qmngm
dul o`slf xousud~lc nf sml klcnd" sml lfanfllunfa xuo`lwwnofw dul wsdusnfa `uok elmnfc dfc k|ws
wsu|aabl so gdsgm |x nf sml gokxlsnsnof `ou gdullu dqdulflww
=& ^o|fa qoklf mdpl fladsnpl xluglxsnofw o` lfanfllunfa dfcslgmfoboa~ ogg|xdsnofw&
Smnw wlgsnof clwgunelw sml xluglxsnofw o` lfanfllunfa ogg|xdsnofw smds qdw gokk|fngdslc xunkdunb~
smuo|am `og|w auo|xw E~ ulxousnfa smlwl xluglxsnofw" ql dul fos" nf df~ qd~" w|aalwsnfa smds sml~
dul flglwwdunb~ gouulgs Moqlplu" ns nw nkxousdfs so |fcluwsdfc moq lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~
xuo`lwwnofw dul xluglnplc" n` wslxw dul so el sdjlf so dcculww g|uulfs xul`lulfgl sulfcw nf dgdclkng
ws|cnlw dfc gdulluw
Guldsnpns~ dfc Nffopdsnof
Lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ ogg|xdsnofw dul xluglnplc dw
xuopncnfa oxxous|fnsnlw `ou nffopdsnof dfc guldsnpns~
smuo|am clwnaf qouj Moqlplu" smnw nw dbbnlc so d xlu+
glxsnof smds lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ qouj nw deo|s
e|nbcnfaw dfc kdgmnflu~" fos deo|s xloxbl&
Kdsmlkdsngw nf Lfanfllunfa Ogg|xdsnofw
o|fa qoklf nf smnw ws|c~ qlul koul bnjlb~ so ulxous smds kdsmlkdsngw qdw ult|nulc `ou x|uw|nfa
ws|cnlw dw df lfanfllu ou lfanfllunfa slgmfoboanws/slgmfngndf -=>, dfc =1, ulwxlgsnplb~. gok+
xdulc so ws|c~nfa klcngnfl ou f|uwnfa -14, dfc 08, ulwxlgsnplb~.Sml xluglxsnof smds lfanfllunfa
nw koul kdsmlkdsngdbb~ nfslfwnpl qdw d wnafn`ngdfs cnwnfglfsnpl so x|uw|nfa ws|cnlw nf smlwl `nlbcw
Kows w|upl~ ulwxofclfsw + lplf smowl nfslfcnfa so x|uw|l lfanfllunfa ws|cnlw ‗ uladuclc sml
kdsmlkdsngw nfslfwns~ o` smlwl `nlbcw dw d wsuofa fladsnpl D plu~ wkdbb knfouns~ nfcngdslc smlnu
lfio~klfs o` kdsmlkdsngw qdw d xunkdu~ uldwof `ou smlnu
nfslulws nf lfanfllunfa Gbldub~ lfanfllunfa" slgmfoboa~
dfc kdsmlkdsngw dul nfslusqnflc Ws|clfsw kd~ ou kd~
fos mdpl df l}daaludslc pnlq o` sml kdsmlkdsngw nfslfwns~
o` lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ Kdf~ slfclc so cnwgo|fs"
ou so el |fdqdul o` sml fllc `ou sldk qouj wjnbbw" aooc
gokk|fngdsnof wjnbbw" dfc guldsnpl smnfjnfa nf lfanfllunfa
dfc slgmfoboa~ gdulluw Sml kdiouns~ o` ~o|fa qoklf nf
smnw ws|c~ xluglnplc kdsmlkdsngw dw cnwgofflgslc dfc
dwogndb& Nf s|uf" sml~ dssune|slc smlwl fladsnpl gmdudgslunw+sngw ‗ elnfa cnwgofflgslc dfc dwogndb ‗ so lfanfllunfa dfc
slgmfoboa~ qouj&
‒Smlul nw d bos o` guldsnpns~ nf lfanfllunfa" dfc N a|lww
~o| mdpl so el d bnssbl ens dusnwsng n` ~o| dul aonfa so
clwnaf d e|nbcnfa ou d euncal‛@og|w Auo|x Xdusngnxdfs
Mdbn`d}" Fopd Wgosnd
‒N gdf co Gdbg|b|w" e|s N cof„s qdfs so el confa ns dbb
cd~ `ou d gdullu N qdfs so co woklsmnfa smds bldplw d
kduj of wognls~" smds kdjlw d cn``lulfgl" smds„w qm~ N
bnjl Alflsngw + ~o| gdf mlbx xloxbl‛
@og|w auo|x xdusngnxdfs
Qnffnxla" Kdfnsoed
‒Wokl anubw x|uw|l enoboa~ elgd|wl sml~ cof„s smnfj nsw
aonfa so nfpobpl d bos o` kdsm" e|s sml~ cof„s jfoq smds
nf sml bdslu ~lduw ns colw‛Sldgmlu Nfslupnlq
Qnffnxla" Kdfnsoed
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 31/42
1 Unams `ou Kl?
Mnam Blplb o` Ulwxofwnenbns~
Lfanfllunfa ogg|xdsnofw qlul dwwogndslc qnsm mnam blplbw
o` ulwxofwnenbns~" dfc xluglnplc dw xoslfsndbb~ wsulww`|b dw d
ulw|bs o|fa qoklf nf smnw ws|c~ wsuofab~ dwwogndslc
kdsmlkdsngw qnsm lfanfllunfa" dfc nf+s|uf xluglnplc smds
knfou knwgdbg|bdsnofw go|bc lt|dsl so cnwdwsuo|w clwnaf `bdqw
bldcnfa so wsu|gs|udb nfwsdenbns~ nf e|nbcnfaw dfc euncalw
Kdgmnfl Ounlfslc
Ws|clfsw qmo cnc fos mdpl xdulfsw ou gbowl ulbdsnplw qoujnfa nf lfanfllunfa ou slgmfoboa~ |fclu+
wsooc gdulluw nf smlwl `nlbcw dbkows lfsnulb~ nf slukw o` gnpnb dfc klgmdfngdb lfanfllunfa& Sml kows
`ult|lfs gmdudgslunydsnof o` lfanflluw qdw ‗ ‒sml~ e|nbc e|nbcnfaw" dfc euncalw‛ Smnw ofl eudfgm o`
lfanfllunfa qdw bdualb~ elbnlplc so lfgdxw|bdsl sml lfsnul `nlbc o` lfanfllunfa o|fa qoklf
|fcluwsooc lfanfllunfa dw qoujnfa qnsm ”smnfaw„ fos xloxbl Xluglxsnofw deo|s slgmfoboanwsw qlul
k|gm blww cl`nflc
Qmlf lfanfllunfa qdw xluglnplc dw d gouxoudsl xuo`lwwnof" sml xluglxsnof qdw o` df nfcnpnc|db
qoujnfa nf d g|engbl dfc ulbdsnfa gmnl`b~ so smlnu gokx|slu Wnknbdu xluglxsnofw dxxb~ so slgmfoboa~
ogg|xdsnofw Smnw xluglxsnof aolw dadnfws sml clwnul so el wogndbb~ lfadalc @lq nfcnpnc|dbw nf sml
ws|c~ qlul dqdul smds sml s~xngdb lfanfllunfa gdullu dfc kdf~ slgmfoboa~ gdulluw lfsdnb dcpdfgnfa
nfso kdfdalklfs `|fgsnofw Sml kdiouns~ o` sml ws|c~ xdusngnxdfsw qlul fos dqdul o` moq nkxou+
sdfs xuoilgs kdfdalklfs nw nf kdf~ lfanfllunfa ioew
Smowl ws|c~ xdusngnxdfsw qmo dwwogndslc lfanfllunfa qouj qnsm sml gofwsu|gsnof nfc|wsu~ dbwo
dwwogndslc smnw xuo`lwwnof qnsm o|scoou qouj dfc xm~wngdbb~ pnaouo|w qouj Smnw qdw xluglnplc dw d
kdiou fladsnpl e~ kdf~ qoklf
Wnafn`ngdfsb~" xdusngnxdsnof nf gdullu dqdulflww xuoaudkw
cnc fos dxxldu so dbslu sml xluglxsnof o` lfanfllunfaqouj dw ”gofwsu|gsnof qouj „ ou ”g|engbl qouj„ Smnw
xowlw wnafn`ngdfs gmdbblfalw so sml clwnaf o` `|s|ul
gdullu dqdulflww xuoaudkw dfc kdslundbw
Kdbl Coknfdfgl nf sml Qoujxbdgl
Cnwgok`ous qnsm d kdbl coknfdslc lfpnuofklfs dfc sml
gofwlt|lfs fllc so dcdxs qlul gofwnclulc gbldu clslu+
ulfsw so x|uw|nfa lfanfllunfa ws|cnlw @og|w auo|x xdusng+
nxdfsw„ clwgunxsnofw o` `lkdbl lfanflluw" nfgb|clc dssune+
|slw w|gm dw9 wluno|w" blww lkosnofdb" l}glbblfs gokk|fn+gdsouw" wlb`+dww|ulc dfc wsuofa+qnbblc
Wsds|w dfc Xulwsnal
o|fa qoklf nf smnw ws|c~ qnsm bnssbl so fo jfoqblcal
uladucnfa lfanfllunfa qlul koul bnjlb~ so dwwogndsl lfan+
fllunfa ogg|xdsnofw qnsm sml gofwsu|gsnof nfc|wsu~ dfc
qnsm sml gofwsu|gsnof sudclw Dw d ulw|bs sml~ cnc fos" nf
alfludb" dssune|sl mnam wsds|w so lfanfllunfa ogg|xdsnofw
Lfanfllunfa nw sml s~xl o` qouj smds gduunlw soo k|gm
ulwxofwnenbns~ Sml wkdbblws luuou go|bc mdpl bdual ulxlu+
g|wwnofw + smnw nfpobplw soo k|gm ioe+ulbdslc wsulww‛
@og|w Auo|x Xdusngnxdfs
Kofsuldb" T|lelg
‒Sml bdws snkl" N qlfs so d xuoilgs" o|s nf sml onb `nlbcw" ns
kdcl kl koul cnwgo|udalc elgd|wl N dk fos dw wsuofa
dfc N dk fos dw ena dw sml a|~w" wo n` ns nw o|scoou qouj
`ou lfanfllunfa" N dk jnfc o` n``~ deo|s smds‛
@og|w Auo|x Xdusngnxdfs
Gdbadu~" Dbelusd
‒Smlul nw d xluglxsnof smds anubw mdpl so el wsuofa" wo
sml~ cof„s als x|wmlc duo|fc e~ sml a|~w‛
@og|w Auo|x Xdusngnxdfs
Gdbadu~" Dbelusd
‒Gdf el gofwnclulc d eb|l+gobbdu ioe fos d qmnsl gobbdu+
ioe N cof„s jfoq sml cn``lulfgl elsqllf lfanflluw dfc
gofwsu|gsnof qoujluw‛
@og|w Auo|x Xdusngnxdfs
Gdbadu~" Dbelusd
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 32/42
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 33/42
> Unams `ou Kl?
Xdus @npl9 Gofgb|wnof
Smnw ws|c~ nfplwsnadslc sml gofsune|snfa `dgsouw smds kosnpdsl sml lc|gdsnofdb dfc gdullu gmonglw o`
~o|fa qoklf Sml gdsdb~ws `ou smnw ulwldugm nw sml gofsnf|lc alfclu nkedbdfgl nf lfanfllunfa xuo+
audkw" dfc nf xdusng|bdu sml ulglfs clgbnfnfa `lkdbl wmdul o` |fcluaudc|dsl lfuobklfsw nf |fnpluwn+
snlw Ns nw nkxousdfs so |fcluwsdfc sml uldwofw qoklf qnsm sml dgdclkng dxsns|cl so l}glb nf lfan+
fllunfa gmoowl osmluqnwl" elgd|wl wlplul alfclu nkedbdfglw nf lfanfllunfa ogg|xdsnofw dul w~kx+
sokdsng o` eduunluw dfc xluglxsnofw" el sml~ su|l ou fos" uladucnfa sml xuo`lwwnof Nf sml dnk o`
dssudgsnfa dfc ulsdnfnfa sox gdfcncdslw ns nw nf sml wlb`+nfslulws o` xuo`lwwnofdb dwwogndsnofw so el
dqdul o` sml uldwofw elmnfc gdullu aodbw nf ouclu so kdjl xownsnpl wsunclw nf ulgu|nsnfa dfc ulsdnfnfa
koul qoklf nfso sml lfanfllunfa xuo`lwwnof Deopl dfc el~ofc lkxbo~lu elfl`nsw" wognls~ pdb|lw
`dnuflww dfc lt|db oxxous|fnsnlw `ou dbb nfcnpnc|dbw" dfc wo qmlf df nkedbdfgl ogg|uw sml fllc so
nfplwsnadsl |fclub~nfa uldwofw nw xuokxslc
Smnw ws|c~ dwjlc sqo t|lwsnofw uladucnfa sml `dgsouw gofsune|snfa so lc|gdsnofdb dfc gdullu gmongl9
@nuws" qmds `dgsouw lfgo|udal ou cnwgo|udal qoklf nf mnam wgmoob so sdjl sml kdsmlkdsngw dfc
wgnlfgl go|uwlw smds dul ult|nulc `ou dcknwwnof nfso lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ xuoaudkw?
Sml qoklf nf smnw ws|c~ dul fos cuoxxnfa+o|s o` kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl go|uwlw -==&5, dfc 0=&0,
dul lfuobblc ulwxlgsnplb~" nf Audcl 45.& Qoklf gofsnf|l so lfuob nf smlwl go|uwlw nf smlnu wlfnou ~ldu
elgd|wl o xowswlgofcdu~ ult|nulklfsw& Qoklf dul fos elnfa wsuldklc o|s o kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl&
Wlgofc" qmds `dgsouw lfgo|udal ou cnwgo|udal qoklf nf mnam wgmoob qmo mdpl sdjlf sml kdsmlkdsngw
dfc wgnlfgl go|uwlw smds dul ult|nulc `ou dcknwwnof nfso lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ xuoaudkw so w|e+
wlt|lfsb~ x|uw|l ou fos x|uw|l lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ ws|cnlw ds sml |fnpluwns~ ou gobblal blplb?
W|upl~ ulw|bsw" `og|w auo|x cnwg|wwnofw dfc sldgmlu nfslupnlqw xuopnclc |wl`|b nfwnams nfso sml `dgsouwsmds nf`b|lfgl gdullu gmongl" dfc wxlgn`ngdbb~ dssns|clw soqducw d gdullu nf lfanfllunfa ou slgmfoboa~&
O|u ws|c~ `o|fc smds qoklf qmo cnc fos qdfs so x|uw|l lfanfllunfa" e~ dfc bdual qlul nfgbnflc so
x|uw|l gdulluw nf sml mldbsm dfc wogndb wgnlfglw& Sml~ elbnlplc smlwl gdulluw qo|bc el koul xloxbl+
ounlfslc -blww kdgmnflu~ dfc kdsmlkdsngw `og|wlc." koul m|kdfnsdundf" dfc qo|bc xuopncl auldslu
xulwsnal ulbdsnpl so d gdullu nf lfanfllunfa ou slgmfoboa~& Qoklf qmo qlul dssudgslc so lfanfllunfa
dfc slgmfoboa~ wdq smlwl xuo`lwwnofw dw mdpnfa d xownsnpl wognlsdb nkxdgs dfc wnafn`ngdfs wsds|w&
Opludbb" ~o|fa qoklf mdc bnssbl so fo jfoqblcal uladucnfa gdulluw nf lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~&
Smowl qnsm d xdulfs ou gbowl ulbdsnpl nf sml `nlbc ulxouslc auldslu jfoqblcal" e|s w|uxunwnfab~" smnw
auldslu jfoqblcal cnc fos sudfwbdsl nfso auldslu nfslulws nf x|uw|nfa lfanfllunfa ou slgmfoboa~ gdulluw& O|u ws|c~ dbwo |fcluwgoulc d qnclwxuldc xluglxsnof smds lt|dslw lfanfllunfa qnsm
gofwsu|gsnof&
@na|ul Fo 4< gokxdulw sml `nfcnfaw o` smnw ws|c~ qnsm sml pduno|w l}xbdfdsnofw smds mdpl ellf
o``lulc so l}xbdnf sml boq xuoxousnof o` qoklf qmo sdjl kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl smuo|am so
audc|dsnof dfc qmo w|ewlt|lfsb~ x|uw|l lfanfllunfa ou slgmfoboa~ ds sml xowswlgofcdu~ blplb
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 34/42
Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~ Bdeo|u Kdujls Ws|c~
@na|ul Fo& 4<W|kkdu~ o` `nfcnfaw uladucnfa `dgsouw smds wmdxl sml dssns|clw o` ~o|fa qoklf soqducw kdsmlkdsngw dfcwgnlfgl dfc soqducw gdulluw nf lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~
Co sml Ulw|bsw o` smnw
Xoslfsndb L}xbdfdsnofw Ws|c~ xuopncl @nfcnfaw
Nfplwsnadslc W|xxous `ou smnw
L}xbdfdsnof?
4 o|fa qoklf dul wsuldklc o|s o` Fo w|xxous Qoklf dul fos elnfa wsuldklc o|s o` kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl
kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl go|uwlw nf mnam wgmoob E~ Audcl 45" ==5, nf o|u wdkxblqlul wsnbb lfuobblc nf kdsmlkdsngw dfc 0=0, qlul wsnbb
lfuobblc nf wgnlfglw Moqlplu sml kdiouns~ ulxous fos lfio~nfa
kdsmlkdsngw" nuulwxlgsnpl o` dgdclkng dgmnlplklfs
5 Euodc g|bs|udb dgsouw dggo|fs `ou W|xxous Gofwnwslfs qnsm smnw l}xbdfdsnof" ~o|fa qoklf nf smnw ws|c~
alfclu xul`lulfglw nf dgdclkng nfslulwsw qlul opluqmlbknfab~ cudqf so mldbsm dfc wogndb wgnlfgl `nlbcw
dfc gdulluw o` ws|c~ Smlwl nlbcw qlul xluglnplc dw koul xloxbl ounlfslc
dfc koul wogndbb~ lfadalc Gdulluw nf smlwl `nlbcw qlul dbwo
xluglnplc dw dbboqnfa d elsslu qouj+bn`l edbdfgl
7 Soo lq xdulfsw lfgo|udal smlnu Xdusndb w|xxous Xdulfsdb nf b|lfgl nw df nkxousdfs dgsou nf sml clgnwnof so sdjl
cd|amsluw so ws|c~ kdsmlkdsngw dfc qnsm d xdudco} kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl w|eilgsw Moqlplu" xdulfsdb n f b|lfgl
wgnlfgl dfc so gofwnclu lfanfllunfa dfc nw fos fldub~ dw nkxousdfs d `dgsou nf wmdxnfa gdullu dwxnudsnofw"
slgmfoboa~ gdullu oxsnofw ds bldws nf wo du dw lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ gdulluw dul
gofgluflc
3 Xlluw dul nkxousdfs nf`b|lfgluw @ou Fo wnafn ngdfs w|xxous Xlluw qlul ulxouslc so wbnamsb~ nf`b|lfgl sml bnjlbnmooc o`
~o|fa qoklf" xllu nf`b|lfgl lfuobbnfa nf kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl go|uwlw moqlplu smlul
lfgo|udalw d fladsnpl dssns|cl soqducw qdw fo lpnclfgl smds xlluw nf`b|lfgl gdullu aodbw
ws|c~nfa kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl dfc
soqducw lfslunfa lfanfllunfa ou
slgmfoboa~ xuoaudkw ds sml
xowswlgofcdu~ blplb
< Kdbl coknfdfgl o` wgnlfgl dfc Fo w|xxous `ou wgnlfgl Smnw kd~ el d `dgsou nf slgmfoboa~ go|uwlw" e|s qdw fos d `dgsou
kdsmlkdsngw gbdwwlw cnwgo|udalw ~o|fa dfc kdsmlkdsngw go|uwlw nf kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl go|uwlw" qmlul ~o|fa qoklf slfc
qoklf uok gofsnf|nfa smlwl w|eilgsw Wokl lpnclfgl `ou so kdjl+|x <8, o` gbdww wnyl nf sml wgmoobw qmlul smnw ws|c~
smuo|am so audc|dsnof slgmfoboa~ go|uwlw qdw gofc|gslc
0 Smlul nw d w|esbl" e|s wnafn ngdfs" Fo w|xxous D wkdbb knfouns~ o` sldgmluw ulxouslc smds kdslundb nf
alfclu endw nf wgnlfgl dfc kdsmlkdsngw kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl go|uwlw gofpl~lc d alfclu endw
g|uung|b|k kdslundbw smds cnwgo|udalw Moqlplu" smnw cnc fos dxxldu so nf`b|lfgl lfuobklfs nf
~o|fa qoklf uok gofsnf|nfa smlwl kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl go|uwlw
w|eilgsw smuo|am so audc|dsnof
1 o|fa qoklf co fos mdpl d aooc Wsuofa w|xxous qnsm D bdual kdiouns~ o` ~o|fa qoklf ulxouslc smds sml~ mdpl plu~
|fcluwsdfcnfa o` qmds lfanfllunfa dfc d xdudco} bnssbl ou ofb~ d wkdbb dko|fs o` jfoqblcal o` lfanfllunfa
slgmfoboa~ gdulluw lfsdnb dfc smlul`oul ogg|xdsnofw Ofb~ 45<, dfc >, mdc mlduc o` Lfanfllunfa
gdffos dwxnul so smowl gdulluw Kofsm dfc Slgmfoboa~ Qllj ulwxlgsnplb~ Moqlplu" xdudco}ngdbb~
koul jfoqblcal o` lfanfllunfa cnc fos flglwwdunb~ lt|dsl so
auldslu nfslfs nf x|uw|nfa xowswlgofcdu~ ws|cnlw nf smlwl `nlbcw
= o|fa qoklf mdpl fladsnpl Wsuofa w|xxous Dbsmo|am wokl ~o|fa qoklf xluglnpl lfanfllunfa dfc
xluglxsnofw o` lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ dw xuopncnfa oxxous|fnsnlw so el guldsnpl dfc so
slgmfoboa~ ogg|xdsnofw qouj nf sldkw" kows lt|dsl lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ -e|s
lwxlgndbb~ lfanfllunfa. qnsm gofwsu|gsnof qouj" o|scoouqouj" qoujnfa nf d g|engbl" dfc ulbdsnfa xunkdunb~ so gokx|sluw
dfc kdgmnflw" udsmlu smdf xloxbl Boqlu wsds|w nw dssune|slc
so lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ ogg|xdsnofw nf gokxdunwof qnsm
sml mldbsm dfc wogndb wgnlfglw
> Gokxdulc so ~o|fa klf" ~o|fa Wsuofa w|xxous Uobl koclbw e~ qd~ o` mnam wgmoob sldgmluw dfc nfc|wsu~
qoklf mdpl `lqlu uobl koclbw qmo xuo`lwwnofdbw qlul pnlqlc dw l}sulklb~ nkxousdfs e~ eosm
lfgo|udal smlk so sdjl kdsmlkdsngw dfc sldgmluw dfc ~o|fa qoklf
wgnlfgl go|uwlw dfc so gofwnclu
lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ gdulluw
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 35/42
4 Unams `ou Kl?
Sml ws|c~ w|aalwsw smull duldw nf qmngm sml lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ xuo`lwwnofw gdf gofsune|sl
so gmdfanfa sml g|uulfs alfclu xdssluf nf xowswlgofcdu~ lfuobklfsw nf lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~
@nuws" ns nw gbldu `uok smnw ws|c~ smds d bdual kdiouns~ o` ~o|fa qoklf nf mnam wgmoob ‗
nfgb|cnfa smowl qmo x|uw|l kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl so audc|dsnof ‗ mdpl bnssbl ou fo
jfoqblcal deo|s qmds lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ gdulluw lfsdnb Fdsnofdb Lfanfllunfa
Kofsm dfc Fdsnofdb Slgmfoboa~ Qllj mdpl fos kls sml xuo`lwwnof„w aodbw nf
gokk|fngdsnfa jfoqblcal deo|s lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ gdulluw
Wlgofc" ns nw dbwo gbldu `uok smnw ws|c~ smds d bdual kdiouns~ o` ~o|fa qoklf nf mnam wgmoob
qmo mdpl sml kdsmlkdsngw dfc wgnlfgl xulult|nwnslw so lfslu |fnpluwns~ ou gobblal xuoaudkw
nf lfanfllunfa ou slgmfoboa~ mdpl wsuofab~ fladsnpl xluglxsnofw deo|s sml lfanfllunfa dfc
slgmfoboa~ ogg|xdsnofw Smlwl fladsnpl xluglxsnofw dul koul xuofo|fglc `ou lfanfllunfa
Fdsnofdb Lfanfllunfa Kofsm dfc Fdsnofdb Slgmfoboa~ Qllj mdpl fos go|fslulc smlwl
xluglxsnofw deo|s lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ gdulluw
Smnuc" fof+xdulfsdb `lkdbl uobl koclbw xbd~ df nkxousdfs uobl nf oplu+s|ufnfa wslulos~xlw
Moqlplu" smlul nw d cldusm o` w|gm uobl koclbw
Edwlc of smlwl `nfcnfaw" ns nw ulgokklfclc smds9
4 Soalsmlu qnsm nfc|wsu~" sml lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ xuo`lwwnofw wmo|bc gdul`|bb~ ulpnlq
gdullu nf`oukdsnof dfc gdullu xuokosnof wsudslanlw Ns kd~ el dxxuoxundsl so clplbox wlxdudsl
gdullu nf`oukdsnof kdslundbw `ou ~o|fa qoklf Ds sml plu~ bldws" gdullu nf`oukdsnof kdslundbw fllc
so cldb koul clbneludslb~ qnsm sml dssune|slw smds ~o|fa qoklf dxxldu so wllj nf d gdullu -wogndb
lfadalklfs" ”kdjnfa d cn``lulfgl„" guldsnpns~" qoujnfa nf sldkw. Gdullu nf`oukdsnof kdslundb dfc
gdullu xuoaudkw dbwo fllcw so sdgjbl fladsnpl xluglxsnofw
5 Sml lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ xuo`lwwnofw fllc so dcculww sml `lkdbl uobl koclb cl`ngns e~
gofwnclunfa d xuoaudk smds qnbb eunfa ~o|fa qoklf nf mnam wgmoob nfso gofsdgs qnsm qoklf nf
lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~
7 Sml xuopnfgndb dfc sluunsoundb lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ xuo`lwwnofdb dwwogndsnofw wmo|bc nfnsndsl"
qmlul sml~ mdpl fos dbuldc~ cofl wo" gdullu xuokosnof wsudslanlw smds dul gofwnwslfs qnsm sml `nfc+
nfaw o` smnw ws|c~ Lfanflluw Gdfdcd dfc sml Gdfdcndf Go|fgnb o` Slgmfngndfw dfc Slgmfoboanwsw
wmo|bc oxludsl dw gbldunfa mo|wlw `ou cnwwlknfdsnfa sml ulw|bsw o` smlwl nfnsndsnplw Lfanflluw
Gdfdcd dfc sml Gdfdcndf Go|fgnb o` Slgmfngndfw dfc Slgmfoboanwsw wmo|bc gofwnclu dff|dbb~ ou
enlffndbb~ x|ebnwmnfa d w|upl~ o` sulfcw nf lfuobklfsw smds qnbb nclfsn`~ xuoaulww" qmlul ns mdw ellf
kdcl" nf dcculwwnfa sml alfclu nkedbdfgl nf lfuobklfsw
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 36/42
Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~ Bdeo|u Kdujls Ws|c~
Dxxlfcn} D9 @og|w Auo|x T|lwsnofw
‥ Qmds kdsm" wgnlfgl" dfc slgmfoboa~ go|uwlw dul ~o| sdjnfa?
‥ N` ~o| dul nf Audcl >/489 dul ~o| xbdffnfa so gofsnf|l kdsm" wgnlfgl" dfc slgmfoboa~ go|uwlw
smuo|am so Audcl 45? N` wo" qm~? N` fos" qm~ fos?
‥ Dul ~o| xbdffnfa so ao so gobblal ou |fnpluwns~? N` wo" qmds nlbc co ~o| g|uulfsb~ smnfj ~o|
qo|bc bnjl so ws|c~?
‥ Mdpl ~o| smo|ams deo|s ws|c~nfa wgnlfgl" slgmfoboa~ ou lfanfllunfa nf gobblal ou |fnpluwns~?
‥ Qmds co ~o| jfoq deo|s lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ qouj? Gdf ~o| anpl wokl l}dkxblw o`
lfanfllunfa sldk qouj? Qmlul cnc ~o| blduf smnw?
‥ Qmds nw smlul deo|s lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ ws|cnlw ou qouj smds nfslulwsw ~o|" n` df~smnfa?
Qmds nw smlul deo|s lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~ ws|cnlw ou qouj smds s|ufw ~o| o``?
‥ Qmds co osmlu xuo`lwwnofw/gdulluw o``lu smds lfanfllunfa dxxlduw fos so o``lu?
‥ Qmds co anubw fllc so mldu `uok sml lfanfllunfa xuo`lwwnof n` sml~ dul so sdjl df nfslulws nf
lfanfllunfa?
‥ Nf ~o|u oxnfnof qm~ dul qoklf blww bnjlb~ so ws|c~ lfanfllunfa" wgnlfgl ou slgmfoboa~?
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 37/42
7 Unams `ou Kl? Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~ Bdeo|u Kdujls Ws|c~
Dxxlfcn} E9 Sldgmlu Nfslupnlq T|lwsnofw
4 Nf ~o|u nfdb ~ldu gbdww" dxxuo}nkdslb~ qmds xuoxousnof o` ws|clfsw dul qoklf? Mdw smnw
gmdfalc oplu sml xdws slf ~lduw?
5 Nf ~o|u pnlq" qm~ co d auldslu xuoxousnof o` `lkdblw smdf kdblw cuox kdsm" wgnlfgl" dfc
slgmfoboa~ dw sml~ xuogllc smuo|am mnam wgmoob?
7 Nf dggo|fsnfa `ou alfclu cn` lulfglw nf kdsm dfc wgnlfgl lfuobklfsw nf sml `nfdb ~ldu o` mnam
wgmoob" moq k|gm qlnams qo|bc ~o| dssdgm so9 -d. alfclu cn``lulfglw nf gdullu dwxnudsnofw"
-e. alfclu cn``lulfglw nf w|eilgs kdsslu denbnsnlw ou d``nfnsnlw" -g. alfclu cn``lulfglw nf xdulfsdb
nf`b|lfgl" -c. g|bs|udb foukw" -l. uobl koclbw" osmlu smdf `dknb~" -`. xllu xulww|ul -a. osmlu `dgsouw?
3 Dul ~o| `dknbndu qnsm df~ gdullu dqdulflww xuoaudkw smds mdpl nf b|lfglc ws|clfsw -lwxlgndbb~
qoklf. so gofsnf|l ws|c~nfa kdsm" wgnlfgl" dfc slgmfoboa~?
< Dul smlul xdusng|bdu gmdbblfalw smds qoklf `dgl nf x|uw|nfa kdsm" wgnlfgl" dfc slgmfoboa~ws|cnlw smds dul fos `dglc e~ klf" ou dul fos `dglc so sml wdkl claull?
0 Qmds s~xlw o` w|xxousw knams lfgo|udal koul qoklf so gofsnf|l kdsm" wgnlfgl" dfc
slgmfoboa~ ws|cnlw smuo|am so sml gokxblsnof o` mnam wgmoob?
1 Qmds s~xlw o` w|xxousw knams lfgo|udal koul qoklf nf smlnu `nfdb ~ldu o` mnam wgmoob so
x|uw|l lfanfllunfa ou slgmfoboa~ ws|cnlw ds sml xowswlgofcdu~ blplb?
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 38/42
Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~ Bdeo|u Kdujls Ws|c~
Dxxlfcn} G9 Ws|clfs W|upl~
Sml Uobl o` Gdullu Dqdulflww nf sml Clgnwnof o` o|fa Qoklf
so Sdjl Kdsm dfc Wgnlfgl W|eilgsw
Ws|clfs W|upl~
Sml fdsnofdb dwwogndsnofw ulxulwlfsnfa xuo`lwwnofdb lfanflluw dfc glusn`nlc slgmfngndfw dfc slgmfoboanwsw
-Lfanflluw Gdfdcd dfc Gdfdcndf Go|fgnb o` Slgmfngndfw dfc Slgmfoboanwsw. dul gofc|gsnfa d ws|c~ o`
sml uobl o` gdullu dqdulflww of sml clgnwnof o` ~o|fa qoklf so sdjl kdsm dfc wgnlfgl w|eilgsw
Smdfj ~o| `ou sdjnfa d `lq koklfsw so gokxblsl smnw w|upl~ Dbb ulwxofwlw dul dfof~ko|w
dfc gof`nclfsndb
N` ~o| mdpl df~ t|lwsnofw deo|s sml w|upl~" ou deo|s qoklf nf lfanfllunfa dfc slgmfoboa~"
xbldwl `llb `ull so gofsdgs |w dfc ql qo|bc el mdxx~ so `obboq |x
4 Deo|s ~o|9
Dal9 _____
Audcl9 _____
Alfclu9 ___ Kdbl ___ @lkdbl
Bdfa|dal-w. wxojlf ds mokl9 ________
Xuopnfgl o` ulwnclfgl9 _____
5 Cnc ~o| sdjl df~ kdsm go|uwlw smnw ~ldu ?
___ ^lw___ Fo
N` %~lw%" nfcngdsl qmngm go|uwl-w.9 _____
7 Co ~o| nfslfc so sdjl wlgofcdu~ blplb kdsm go|uwlw fl}s ~ldu ?
___ ^lw
___ Fo
___ \fglusdnf
N` %~lw%" nfcngdsl qmngm go|uwl-w.9 _____
3 Cnc ~o| sdjl df~ wgnlfgl go|uwlw smnw ~ldu ?
___^lw
___ Fo
N` %~lw%" nfcngdsl qmngm go|uwl-w.9 _____
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 39/42
< Unams `ou Kl?
< Co ~o| nfslfc so sdjl wlgofcdu~ blplb wgnlfgl go|uwlw fl}s ~ldu ?
___ ^lw
___ Fo
___ \fglusdnf
N` %~lw%" nfcngdsl qmngm go|uwl-w.9 _____
0 Moq qo|bc ~o| udsl ~o|u nfslulws nf smlwl w|eilgsw of d wgdbl `uok 4 so <" qmlul 4 nw plu~ boq
dfc < nw plu~ mnam?
1 -d. Co ~o| mdpl obclu euosmluw ou wnwsluw qmo dul sdjnfa -ou mdpl gokxblslc. mnam wgmoob/wlgofc+
du~ wgmoob kdsm?
___ ^lw
___ Fo
___ Cof!s jfoq
1 -e. Co ~o| mdpl obclu euosmluw ou wnwsluw qmo dul sdjnfa -ou mdpl gokxblslc. mnam wgmoob/wlgofc+
du~ wgmoob wgnlfgl?
___ ^lw___ Fo
___ Cof!s jfoq
= Co ~o| mdpl d xdulfs qmo gokxblslc mnam wgmoob/wlgofcdu~ wgmoob kdsm ou wgnlfgl?
___ ^lw
___ Fo
___ Cof!s jfoq
Nfslulws
4;Plu~ Boq
<;Plu~ Mnam
4 5 7 3 <
Kdsm O O O O O
Xm~wngw O O O O O
Enoboa~ O O O O O
Gmlknwsu~ O O O O O
Osmlu wgnlfgl -la" aloboa~. O O O O O
Nf`oukdsnof dfc gokk|fngdsnof slgmfoboa~ -la" gokx|slu xuoaudkknfa. O O O O O
E|wnflww" lgofokngw O O O O O
Lfabnwm O O O O O
Osmlu bdfa|dalw O O O O O
Mnwsou~ O O O O O
Aloaudxm~ O O O O O
Wogndb ws|cnlw -la" wognoboa~" xw~gmoboa~. O O O O O
@nfl dusw -la" dus" k|wng" smldsul. O O O O O
Slgmfngdb ws|cnlw -la cud`snfa" lblgsuofngw. O O O O O
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 40/42
Lfanfllunfa dfc Slgmfoboa~ Bdeo|u Kdujls Ws|c~
> -d. Co ~o| mdpl d xdulfs qmo dsslfclc gobblal/GLALX ou |fnpluwns~?
___^lw
___ Fo
___ Cof!s jfoq
> -e. Co ~o| mdpl d xdulfs qmo ws|cnlc kdsm ou wgnlfgl ds gobblal/GLALX ou |fnpluwns~?
___ ^lw
___ Fo
___ Cof!s jfoq
48 Co ~o| mdpl d xdulfs ou ulbdsnpl qmo nw nf df lfanfllunfa ou slgmfoboa~ ogg|xdsnof?
___ ^lw
___ Fo
___ Cof!s jfoq
44 Of d wgdbl `uok 4 so <" moq k|gm qo|bc ~o| wd~ ~o| jfoq deo|s ldgm o` sml `obboqnfa
ogg|xdsnofw -qmlul 4 nw plu~ bnssbl dfc < nw d aulds cldb.?
Jfoqblcal o` Ogg|xdsnof
4;Bnssbl Jfoqblcal
5;Aulds Cldb o` Jfoqblcal
4 5 7 3 <
Gmlknws O O O O O
Xm~wngnws O O O O O
Lfanfllu -df~ s~xl. O O O O O
Lfanfllunfa Slgmfoboanws/Slgmfngndf -df~ s~xl. O O O O O
Gokx|slu Xuoaudkklu O O O O O
Bdq~lu O O O O OE|wnflww Kdfdalu O O O O O
Sldgmlu O O O O O
F|uwl O O O O O
Cogsou O O O O O
Dggo|fsdfs O O O O O
Dugmnslgs O O O O O
Wogndb qoujlu O O O O O
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 41/42
1 Unams `ou Kl?
Kdsm/WgnlfglKdsm Xm~wngw Gmlknwsu~ Enoboa~ Fos Ult|nulc
Gmlknws O O O O O
Xm~wngnws O O O O O
Lfanfllu O O O O O
Lfanfllunfa Slgmfoboanws/Slgmfngndf O O O O O
Gokx|slu Xuoaudkklu O O O O O
Bdq~lu O O O O O
E|wnflww Kdfdalu O O O O O
F|uwl O O O O O
Cogsou O O O O O
Dggo|fsdfs O O O O O
Dugmnslgs O O O O O
Wogndb Qoujlu O O O O O
45 Dw `du dw ~o| jfoq" qmngm o` sml `obboqnfa ogg|xdsnofw ult|nul gokxblsnof o` mnam wgmoob kdsm
dfc/ou wgnlfgl?
47 Qmlf ~o| `nfnwm mnam wgmoob" dul ~o| xbdffnfa so dsslfc9
___ Gokk|fns~ gobblal/GLALX
___ \fnpluwns~
___ Flnsmlu gokk|fns~ gobblal fou |fnpluwns~
___ Cofhs jfoq/fos w|ul
43 N` ~o| dul xbdffnfa so dsslfc gobblal/GLALX ou |fnpluwns~" qmds `nlbc dul ~o| smnfjnfa deo|s ws|c~nfa?
4< Qmds gdullu dul ~o| g|uulfsb~ smnfjnfa deo|s x|uw|nfa? ______
40 Mdpl ~o| pnwnslc d gobblal/GLALX ou |fnpluwns~ gdkx|w? ___ lw ___ Fo
41 Mdpl ~o| pnwnslc d gobblal/GLALX ou |fnpluwns~ wgnlfgl bde? ___ lw ___ Fo
4= Mdpl ~o| xdusngnxdslc nf df~ gdullu dqdulflww xuoaudkw smds xuopnclc ~o| qnsm nf`oukdsnof of
wgnlfgl dfc slgmfoboa~ gdulluw? ___ lw ___ Fo
4> Mdpl ~o| pnwnslc df~ qlewnslw smds xuopnclc ~o| qnsm nf`oukdsnof deo|s wgnlfgl ou slgmfoboa~
gdulluw? ___ lw ___ Fo
58 Mdpl ~o| mdc d w|kklu ioe ou xdus+snkl ioe qmlul ~o| kls lfanflluw ou osmlu slgmfoboa~xuo`lwwnofdbw ds qouj? ___ lw ___ Fo
54 Co ~o| ulgdbb wllnfa nf`oukdsnof deo|s Fdsnofdb Lfanfllunfa Qllj ? ___ lw ___ Fo
55 Co ~o| ulgdbb wllnfa nf`oukdsnof deo|s Fdsnofdb Slgmfoboa~ Qllj? ___ lw ___ Fo
Smdfj ^o| @ou ^o|u Xdusngnxdsnof$
8/2/2019 Young Women- Factors Shaping Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Science, Engineering & Technology Careers
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/young-women-factors-shaping-attitudes-towards-mathematics-science-engineering 42/42
Dxxlfcn} CWsllunfa Gokknssll
Jnk DbblfXuo`lwwnofdb Lfanflluw Ofsduno
Ildf B|g Dugmdked|bsOuclu clw Slgmfoboa|lw Xuo`lwwnoflbw c| T|lelg
Kngmlbbl EudfnadfLblgsungns~ Wlgsou Go|fgnb
Cdpnc Gmdbguo`sDwwogndsnof o` Xuo`lwwnofdb Lfanflluw"
Aloboanwsw dfc Aloxm~wngnwsw o` Dbelusd
Wdkdfsmd GobdwdfslLfanflluw Gdfdcd
Kdfills CmnkdfDGGLW Lkxbo~klfs Wlupnglw
Eundf AloualFousmqlws Sluunsounlw dfc F|fdp|s Dwwogndsnofo` Xuo`lwwnofdb Lfanflluw" Alowgnlfsnwsw
Wslxmlf Ao|bcGdfdcndf Go|fgnb o` Slgmfngndfwdfc Slgmfoboanwsw
Jlpnf MocanfwFousmqlws Sluunsounlw dfc F|fdp|s Dwwogndsnofo` Xuo`lwwnofdb Lfanflluw" Alowgnlfsnwsw
Gmlu~b IlfwlfKomdqj Gobblal
Lbbnl JmdjwduCnpluwns~ Nfslaudsnof dfc Ulslfsnof Wlupnglw Nfg
Bnwl Bd|yofUîwld| clw nfaîfnl|uw c| T|îelg
Lcqduc BlwbnlFlq Eu|fwqngj Wognls~ o` Glusn`nlc LfanfllunfaSlgmfngndfw dfc Slgmfoboanwsw
Dfculq KgBlocLfanflluw dfc Alowgnlfsnwsw Flq Eu|fwqngj
Xluu~ FlbwofSml Dwwogndsnof o` Wgnlfgl dfc LfanfllunfaSlgmfoboa~ Xuo`lwwnofdbw o` Dbelusd
Uoelus OjdelGns~ o` Qnffnxla
C„Dug~ Xmnbbnxw
Xds T|nffXuo`lwwnofdb Lfanflluw Ofsduno
Goblssl UnplsEnoSdblfs Gdfdcd
Sok UolkluGdkow|f Gobblal
J~bl U|ssdfGdfdcndf @lcludsnof o` Lfanfllunfa Ws|clfsw
Cleoudm WmdkdfM|kdf Ulwo|uglw dfc Wjnbbw Clplboxklfs Gdfdcd
Blf WmunkxsofDwwogndsnof o` Xuo`lwwnofdb Lfanflluw" Aloboanwsw dfcAloxm~wngnwsw o` Dbelusd
Dfculq WsllplwDCN Bsc
Db WslqdusUo~db Knbnsdu~ Gobblal o` Gdfdcd
Ungmduc Sdgm|jLblgsung Wsudslanlw Nfg
Ildf+Xnluul Su|cld|Oucul clw nfaîfnl|uw c| T|îelg
Anfd pdf clf E|uaOfsduno Wognls~ o` Xuo`lwwnofdb Lfanflluw
Cleoudm Qob`lLfanflluw Gdfdcd
Eu|gl QouflbbLfanflluw Fopd Wgosnd
^duowbdp YdidgGdfdcndf Go|fgnb o` Slgmfngndfw dfc Slgmfoboanwsw
top related