yarn and fabrics manufacturing techniques

Technical Textile Yarns Basic information about Technical Textile fibers by Dr. Muhammad Mushtaq Mangat www.mushtaqmangat.org Dec 3, 2012

Hand Spinning One of the early inventions of human

Lecture Contents Yarn

  Introduction of different spinning techniques

  Yarn parameters

Fabric

  Discussion about weaving styles and techniques

Technical Textile Yarns   A brief description of Technical Textile yarns used for

the production of Technical Textiles

Technical Textile Yarns   Basic raw material for Technical Textiles

  Production method:   Special techniques for yarn manufacturing

  Blending of different fibers

Spinning   Ring spinning invented in 1830s in USA, widely used

[1]

Wool Spinning [1]

Rotor Spinning [1]

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=rotor+spinning+machine&go=&qs=n&form=QBIR&pq=rotor+spinning+machine&sc=0-16&sp=-1&sk=#x0y3847

Friction Spinning   Kind of open open end spinning technique

  Friction rolls are used instead of rotor

  Friction rolls collect the opened-up fibres and twist them into the yarn [1]

Friction Spinning [1]

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=friction+spinning+machine&view=detail&id=FCD51FC4C525E2DBCCF6DD62653BEC2C96B0377A&FORM=IDFRIR

Wrap Spinning   In wrap spinning, twist less staple fibers are warped by

a continuous binder

  Hollow spindle machine is used for this purpose

  First introduced in 1979 ITMA

  Hollow spindle rotates and bobbin wraps the binder strap [1]

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=wrap+spinning&view=detail&id=CE071B28342358A6430E2A1977E051228B1835E1&first=31&FORM=IDFRIR

Fancy yarn made by using wrap spinning

http://www.indiantextilejournal.com/articles/FAdetails.asp?id=1739

Wrap Spinning [1]

Air Jet Spinning   Invented by Du Pont in 1963, commercially available in

1980

  One jet by Du Pont but two jets by Murata, more yarn strength

Air Jet Spinning [1]

Twist Less Spinning   Filaments are bonded together with the help of any

adhesive

  Adhesive is removed after making the fabric

  Used for special purposes, not very common [1]

Twist Less Spinning [1]

Vortex Spinning Vortex is a region with in a fluid, where fluid is in spinning position around an imaginary axes e.g. hurricanes, tornado

Vortex Spinning A new kind of spinning, where tip of the fibers is focused towards center, with the help of compressed air

A unique yarn is produced

Each fiber is spun toward the center of the yarn and

wrapped by other fibers

Fibers are strongly held and no slippage is possible

Minimum hairiness

[http://www.muratec-vortex.com/1_1.html]

VORTEX

Ply Yarn   Two or more than two similar or distinctive yarns yarns are used to

produce ply yarn

  This is done to achieve special properties

  Very old and common technique

  It increases the strength and modulus

  Regular, smoother and hard weaving is possible from ply yarns

  Some special yarns are produced having low stretch and high strength (yarn for tire)

Types of Technical Textiles

[1]

[2]

Few Technical Textile Yarns

http://www.kolonindustries.com/Eng/down/akilen.pdf

http://www.kolonindustries.com/Eng/down/akilen.pdf

http://www.kolonindustries.com/Eng/down/akilen.pdf

[1]

[1]

Technical Fabric Structures: Woven Fabrics

  Technical Textiles have substantial surface area with respect to thickness

  Strong cohesion for better functioning and mechanical strength.

  Mostly woven but knitting, felting, felting, lace making, net making, nonwoven processes and tufting processes are also used

  Commonly two-dimensional but three-dimensional woven fabrics are also available

  Two sets are used in plain weaving

  In triaxial and in three-dimensional fabrics yarns are arranged differently [3].

Technical Textile Fabric Parameters

  End use requirements of Technical Textile:

  Strength, thickness, extensibility, porosity and durability, functionality, required thermal properties and chemical properties

Types of Weaving   Long list of types of weave, but most common are three

basic methods:

  Plain

  Twill

  Satin

  We can have many more types by making changing in these weaves.

Images of weaves

Plain weave [3]

[Visual dictionary]

[http://www.weavingideas.net/us/applications-products/woven-wire-cloth-general/terminolgy/types-of-weave.html]

Triaxial Weave

  Two sets of warp are inserted at 60° to the weft

[K2 Triaxial braiding machine]

[4]

[4]

Tetra-axial Weave   Tetra-axial fabrics where four sets of yarns are inclined

at 45° to each other [3]

[4]

[4]

[4]

Summary   There are a number of methods for spinning

  Types of weaving is countless

  Selection depends upon the final parameters

References   [1] Gong, R.G., and Chen, X., Technical yarns, in Handbook of Technical Textiles A.R. Horrocks, Anand, S. C.,

Editor 2000, Woodhead Publishing Ltd Cambridge.

  [2] Sezgin, H., Bahadir, S., Boke, Y. E., Kalaoglu, F. , EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONDUCTIVE YARNS ON HEATING BEHAVIOUR OF FABRICS, in RMUTP International Conference: Textiles & Fashion 20122012: Bangkok Thailand.

  [3] Sondhelm, W.S., Technical fabric structures – 1.Woven fabrics, in Handbook of Technical Textiles A.R. Horrocks, Anand, S. C., Editor 2000, Woodhead Publishing Ltd Cambridge.

  [4] Badawi, S.S., Development of the Weaving Machine and 3D Woven Spacer Fabric Structures for Lightweight Composites Materials, in Von der Fakultät Maschinenwesen2007, Technischen Universität Dresden.