xml & ubl
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XML & UBLACG 4401 Chapter 2
Extensible Markup Language - XML
Meta-Language A language that can be used to create others
(vocabularies)▪ Universal Business Language (UBL)▪ Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL)
Application has sets of xml documents Instance Document .xml
▪ contains the data (chapter 2 & Chapter 4) Schema Document .xsd
▪ Describes allowed structure (data types, element names) of instance document (chapter 3)
Stylesheet .xsl▪ Formatting instructions for data in the instance document
(chapter 5)
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XML
A language used to create other languages Vocabularies
Describes: Rules & Syntax For Structuring Documents!
Does NOT describe tag names
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XML Specification 1.0
Describes data objects known as Computer processable item containing
data and instructions XML Documents
Instance, Schema, etc. Describes rules and syntax for Well-
Formed and Valid XML Documents
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XML Documents
Preferred way of moving data between software applications.
So why not use it to move accounting data?
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Well Formed vs. Valid
Well Formed documents meet basic rules for XML (chapter 2)
Valid documents Meets rules regarding structure, order
and data-types as described in Schema (chapter 3)
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XML Components
Tags Meta-data
▪ description of data enclosed within brackets
▪ <> opening
▪ </> closing
Element Opening tag, data, and Closing tag
▪ <instructor>Dr. Hornik</instructor>
Attribute▪ Data that adds meaning to the data adding meaning to the data
▪ Data describing the tag
▪ <Instructor Department=“Accounting”>Dr. Hornik</Instructor>
XML does not prescribe Tags to be used Anyone can make up tags <tag> for any purpose as long as XML
document is well-formed.
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XML Element Types
Hierarchy Child/Simple
▪ Encloses Data▪ <Name>Dr. Hornik</Name>
Parent/Complex▪ Does not enclose data▪ Encloses/Contains other elements
▪ <Instructor> <Name>Dr. Hornik</Name>
▪ </Instructor>
Root Element▪ Encloses All other elements in Instance Document
ParentChild
XML Rules – A well formed document
1. The first line of an XML document must contain the prologue.
2. The main theme of the XML document – the root element - must enclose all the other elements in the document. There can be only one root element.
3. Every element must have an opening tag name <> and a closing tag name </> and they must match (case sensitive).
Documents can have empty elements.
XML Rules – A well formed document
4. Elements must be properly nested, that is you close the tag that was opened last – think of tags as using a LIFO convention or more properly a LOFC Last Opened First Closed convention (though it doesn’t have quite the same ring to it).
5. Elements can have attributes. Attributes follow the opening tag name
▪ attributeName=“attributeValue”
▪ attributeName is not included in the closing tag
Prolog and Comment
Every XML document starts with a prolog It lets the XML enabled processor know that
this is an XML document to be processed
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> UCS Transformation Format—8-bit) is a variable-
width encoding that can represent every character in the Unicode character set.
Comment
<!-- Hello World -->
Well-formed XML
<tourGuide><city>
<cityName>Belmopan</cityName><adminUnit>Cayo</adminUnit><country>Belize</country><population>11100</population><area>5</area><elevation>130</elevation><longitude>88.44</longitude><latitude>17.27</latitude><description>Belmopan is the capital of Belize</description>
<history>Belmopan was established following the devastation of the former capital ,Belize City, by Hurricane Hattie in 1965. High ground and
open space influenced the choice and ground-breaking began in 1966. By 1970 most government offices and operations had already moved to the new location.
</history></city>
</tourGuide>
Root element
Parent elementChild Elements
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UBLUniversal Business Language
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UBL
Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS)
Complete XML based library of business document
A Dictionary of standard, predefined element names and
A Library of standard, predefined documents Where the elements can appear
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Order to Invoice Business Process
Reusable Elements
When possible UBL uses the same structure for elements in different documents
PostalAddress can be used in: Catalogue Purchase Order Invoice …
▪ So it has the same structure▪ <StreetName>Main St.</StreetName>
<BuildingNumber>56A</BuildingNumber> <CityName>Newark</CityName> <PostalZone>19716</PostalZone> <CountrySubentityCode>DE</CountrySubentityCode>
▪ <Country> ▪ <IdentificationCode>USA</IdentificationCode>▪ </Country>
UBL document Rules
Each has a unique Root Element Each has a required ID
Uniquely Identify document Each has a required IssueDate
Determine when document is created Optional IssueTime
Each has two Party elements Provider/Supplier Customer/Buyer
Each has at least one line element CatalogueLine OrderLine
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UBL Order Rules (Schema)
UBL Schema’s
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Purchase Order
Compare the non-Vocabulary (homegrown) based PO to the UBL PO
Root Element
UBL defines what the root element name is
<Order> </Order>
Parent Elements Parent elements contain or enclose other
elements Root (<Order> ) Parent of:
<ID> <SalesOrderID> <IssueDate> <IssueTime> <Note> <AccountingCostCode> <AccuntingCost> <BuyerCustomerParty>
▪ <Party>▪ <PartyName>▪ <PostalAddress>
<SellerSupplierParty>▪ <Party>
▪ <PartyName>▪ <PostalAddress>
<OrderLine>▪ What are the Parent elements within this element?
Element Attributes
Attributes are contained within an opening element tag <>
attributeName=“attribute value” Name-pair value
<PriceAmount currencyID="USD">575.55</PriceAmount> <BaseQuantity unitCode="UNIT">1</BaseQuantity>
Despatch Advice (Shipping Notice)
Sample Despatch Advice
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Desptach Advice Rules
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Lets Build an XML Document Assume Customers place Pizza Order
over phone What data is captured with order?
Customer▪ Phone#▪ Name▪ Address
Order▪ Items▪ Delivery/Pickup▪ Total Amount
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Creating XML Instance Document
In-class/Windows use NotePad Mac use TextWrangler You must use a Text Editor (not a word
processor) XML editor – Exchanger XML Lite (PC
and Mac) Testing XML
Open in Browser (IE, Firefox, Safari??) If it opens it’s well formed If you receive an error message it’s not
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