wwii home front mrs. o’neill. blitzkrieg- lightening war; poland sitzkrieg-sitting war “bore...

WWII Home frontMrs. O’Neill

• Blitzkrieg- Lightening War; Poland

• Sitzkrieg-Sitting War “Bore War”– France and Western Europe

Maginot Line

Miracle at Dunkirk 1940• 3 day delay!

• 850 ships headed to Dunkirk from England and saved 338,000 British and French troops but British army equipment remained

• Fall of France

Nazis Marching through Paris

1940 Battle of Britain

• “Even through large tracts of Europe have fallen…we shall not flag or fail…we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be…we shall never surrender…”

Use of Radar

Germany loses 1,773

aircraft

“Neutral” Nation • Neutrality Act of 1939

– Cash and Carry

•Destroyers-for-Bases Deal

-50 destroyers for right to build American bases on Newfoundland, Bermuda, and islands in the Caribbean

•Lend-Lease Act

Neutrality Debate!

• Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies

• America First Committee- isolationist group opposed to any American intervention or aid to the Allies

• Nye Committee- only reason U.S. had entered WWI was for arms

SS St. Louis

May 27th, 1939

930 passengers

• Election of 1940- FDR

• 4 Freedoms Speech

• 1. Speech

• 2. Worship

• 3. Want

• 4. Fear

• 1941- Hitler invades Soviet Union Operation Barbarossa

• Atlantic Charter– Postwar World

of democracy

Churchill and FDR

Pearl Harbor Attack Scene

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv1niwxQgoY

FDR “Date Which Will Live in Infamy”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3VqQAf74fsE

Pearl Harbor• December 7th, 1941

– “A Date Which Will Live in Infamy”

•Causes:-Restricted sale of

strategic war materials

-Lend-lease aid to China

-Froze Japanese assets, reduced amount of oil, and sent General MacArthur to build up American defenses in Philippines

•2, 403 American casualties

•1, 178 injured

America mobilizes for WWII

• American workers 2x as productive as German workers– 5x Japanese

•Cost-plus contracts for production of war materials

Car companies switch to making tanks -------

Rosie the Riveter

-2.5 million women entered workforce

• Selective Service and Training Act-1st peacetime draft in American history after France surrenders to Germany

• “Double V”

– G.I.’s 8 weeks basic training

War Production– Liberty ship- welded instead of riveted– War Production Board set production goals– Office of War Mobilization settle arguments

between the different agencies.

Daily Life in Wartime America• To raise $$$ the government raised taxes to

cover about 45% of the cost of the war

Fall of the Philippines, 1942

• General Douglas MacArthur– Bataan Death March 78,000

•The Doolittle Raid

Battle of Britain newsreels

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m0-fVLCnsBs

Japanese Internment• On February 19, 1942, FDR

signed an order allowing the War Department to declare any part of the United States a military zone and remove anybody from the zone.

• The West Coast was declared a military zone, and all people of Japanese ancestry were evacuated to 10 internment camps.

Korematsu v U.S. 1944

• Korematsu remained in San Leandro, California and violated Civilian Exclusion Order No. 34 of the U.S. Army.

• Decision: 6 votes for United States, 3 vote(s) againstThe Court sided with the government and held that the need to protect against espionage outweighed Korematsu's rights.

The Civil Rights Act of 1988 (HR442) awarded redressto all surviving internees or their relatives. President George Bush sent this formal apology letter along with a $20,000 check.

• Why were west coast Japanese American citizens relocated - while Japanese Americans in Hawaii and German-Americans and Italian-Americans were not?

How were Japanese internment camps similar and different to Hitler’s concentration camps in Europe? Explain.

Close

“This is the enemy”

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JkaQqzumMGE